Metal material performance detection sensor, system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a metal material performance detection sensor, system and method. The detection system comprises a laser and a metal material performance detection sensor. The metal material performance detection sensor comprises an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a magnetic concentrating ring. In use, the EMAT and the magnetic concentrating ring are respectively arranged on two sides of a metal material sample; laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic concentrating ring to generate an ultrasonic signal in the metal material sample, and the ultrasonic signal is finally received by the EMAT. The metal material performance detection result is calculated based on the signal collected by the EMAT. The application adopts non-contact detection, and has high signal-to-noise ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of metal material performance testing, specifically to a metal material performance testing sensor, system, and method. Background Technology

[0002] my country's aerospace technology has made rapid progress, giving rise to high-end equipment such as the J-20 and C919. With the design and development of more advanced weaponry, aerospace hot-end components are constantly evolving towards higher performance, higher reliability, and higher safety, leading to increasingly harsh and complex operating conditions. Therefore, the mechanical property testing of new materials under extreme environments (high temperature, vibration, corrosion) has become increasingly important for materials researchers. Due to the lack of high-temperature non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies, researchers cannot obtain the degradation mechanisms and failure models of metallic materials under ultra-high temperature environments, and lack experimental data to guide the development and preparation of high-performance high-temperature alloys for ultra-high temperature environments. Therefore, developing novel high-temperature acoustic NDT technologies has significant engineering application value.

[0003] Currently, the methods used in high-temperature nondestructive testing technology both domestically and internationally include:

[0004] (1) Contact piezoelectric ultrasonic testing technology: piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are already capable of high-temperature testing due to the widespread use of high-temperature piezoelectric materials, but contact measurement still has the problem of difficulty in movement.

[0005] (2) Non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic testing technology, but due to the severe mismatch between the acoustic impedance between the air medium and the ultrasonic transducer, the received ultrasonic signal amplitude is low and the signal-to-noise ratio is poor.

[0006] (3) Non-contact laser ultrasonic testing technology, but laser ultrasonic testing technology has high requirements for the surface roughness of the object in the interferometer receiving part, high cost, and is not suitable for testing in harsh environments.

[0007] (4) Non-contact electromagnetic ultrasonic testing technology. At present, electromagnetic acoustic resonance testing technology is relatively mature and can realize corrosion and thinning detection in harsh environments. However, it requires frequency sweeping and the signal-to-noise ratio of electromagnetic ultrasonic testing signal reception is low.

[0008] (5) Non-contact laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic testing technology combines the advantages of both laser ultrasonic testing and electromagnetic ultrasonic testing. It utilizes the wide bandwidth of laser ultrasonic excitation and the low surface requirements and low cost of electromagnetic ultrasonic testing technology. However, the signal-to-noise ratio is still low when using electromagnetic ultrasonic testing to receive signals.

[0009] Existing technologies cannot achieve good online inspection results for aerospace hot-end components such as aerospace engine turbine blades and tail nozzles in extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this application is to provide a sensor, system, and method for testing the properties of metallic materials, which employs non-contact detection and has a high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0011] In a first aspect, this application provides a metal material performance testing sensor, including an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (EMAT) and a magnetic ring;

[0012] In use, the EMAT and the magnetic ring are placed on opposite sides of the metal sample; the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal sample, which is ultimately received by the EMAT.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the EMAT includes a stepped permanent magnet and a coil;

[0014] The stepped permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet arranged coaxially; both the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are cylindrical, the first permanent magnet is disposed on the second permanent magnet, and the diameter of the first permanent magnet is smaller than the diameter of the second permanent magnet;

[0015] The coil is located at the front end of the first permanent magnet.

[0016] In some possible implementations, both the EMAT and the permanent magnet of the magnetic ring are made of SmCo permanent magnets that can withstand high temperatures of 350°C.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the coil is a high-temperature resistant ceramic silver coil; the stepped permanent magnet and the coil are assembled in a housing with an opening at the front end, and the space between the housing and the stepped permanent magnet and the coil is filled with a high-temperature resistant ceramic gel; a mica sheet is disposed between the coil and the front end of the housing.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the magnetic ring is cylindrical and is divided into upper and lower parts along the axial direction, with the upper part being magnetized as the N pole and the lower part being magnetized as the S pole.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the magnetic ring includes a third permanent magnet, a fourth permanent magnet, and a fifth permanent magnet;

[0020] The third permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters;

[0021] The fourth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with a large inner diameter at the top and a small inner diameter at the bottom;

[0022] The fifth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters;

[0023] The third, fourth, and fifth permanent magnets are arranged on the same axis;

[0024] The height of the third permanent magnet is equal to the height of the fourth permanent magnet, and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the third permanent magnet is sleeved on the outside of the fourth permanent magnet.

[0025] The fifth permanent magnet is disposed above the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet; the inner diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the height of the fifth permanent magnet is less than the height of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet.

[0026] The longitudinal section of the magnetic ring is divided into two symmetrical parts; the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the left part are magnetized as S pole, N pole and S pole respectively, and the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the right part are magnetized as N pole, S pole and N pole respectively.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the magnetic ring includes a sixth permanent magnet, a seventh permanent magnet, and a soft magnetic concentrator;

[0028] The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are all in the shape of a ring cylinder;

[0029] The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are arranged on the same axis;

[0030] The sixth permanent magnet is magnetized along the axial direction and is divided into two parts, the upper part of which is magnetized as the N pole and the lower part of which is magnetized as the S pole.

[0031] The sixth permanent magnet is placed on a soft magnetic magnetizer;

[0032] The seventh permanent magnet and the soft magnetic magnet gatherer are of equal height and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the seventh permanent magnet is sleeved outside the soft magnetic magnet gatherer.

[0033] The inner diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the seventh permanent magnet is radially magnetized and divided into an inner part and an outer part; the outer diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the seventh permanent magnet and smaller than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is larger than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet.

[0034] The outer part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the N pole, and the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the S pole.

[0035] Secondly, this application provides a metal material performance testing system, including a laser and the aforementioned metal material performance testing sensor;

[0036] The laser serves as the excitation component, and the metal material performance detection sensor serves as the receiving component.

[0037] In use, the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal material sample, which is eventually received by the EMAT; the performance test results of the metal material are calculated based on the signal collected by the EMAT.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the laser is provided with a multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm; the laser emitted by the laser is guided to the test area of ​​the metal material sample through the multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm, thereby exciting ultrasonic waves;

[0039] The system also includes an eddy current heater for heating the metal material sample;

[0040] The system also includes a three-dimensional vibration platform for placing metallic material samples and simulating vibration environments.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the system also includes an XZ-axis two-dimensional scanning platform for mounting an EMAT to perform two-dimensional scanning of metallic material samples.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the system further includes an impedance matching device, a preamplifier, a data acquisition card, and a computer connected in sequence; the impedance matching device is connected to the EMAT; the impedance matching device is used to adjust the matching capacitance and inductance parameters of the EMAT coil to maximize the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal while increasing the bandwidth of the resonant signal; then the resonant signal passes through the preamplifier and the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card transmits the signal to the computer to obtain the required resonant spectrum signal.

[0043] Thirdly, this application provides a method for testing the properties of metallic materials, which, based on the aforementioned metallic material performance testing system, acquires a resonance spectrum signal and calculates the thickness d of the metallic material sample based on the resonance spectrum signal.

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, c is the speed of sound of the ultrasonic wave, and f m f n Let m and n be the frequencies of the m-th and n-th resonant frequencies, respectively, where m > n ≥ 1.

[0046] Beneficial effects:

[0047] This application utilizes a laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic testing technology based on the resonance method. A laser excites an ultrasonic signal, and a metal material performance testing sensor receives the ultrasonic echo signal. The electromagnetic ultrasonic receiving performance is optimized and improved through a magnetic ring, enabling non-contact testing with a large lift of up to 15mm. The detection signal is unaffected by vibration. The integration of resonance technology significantly increases the amplitude of the detection signal and improves its signal-to-noise ratio. Under large lift operating conditions, this application employs a high-temperature resistant SmCo permanent magnet and performs high-temperature design treatment on the metal material performance testing sensor, enabling continuous online monitoring at ultra-high temperatures. This application can acquire highly reliable and high-quality test data under high-temperature vibration environments. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings... Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 Only some embodiments of this application are shown, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a metal material performance sensor in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an EMAT structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This application provides an embodiment of a magnetic ring structure, wherein... Figure 3 (a) is a longitudinal section view. Figure 3 (b) is a top view;

[0052] Figure 4 This application provides an embodiment of a magnetic ring structure, wherein... Figure 4 (a) is a longitudinal section view. Figure 4 (b) is a top view;

[0053] Figure 5 This application provides an embodiment of a magnetic ring structure, wherein... Figure 5 (a) is a longitudinal section view. Figure 5 (b) is a top view;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a metal material performance testing system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the resonant signal and resonant spectrum signal in an embodiment of this application, wherein... Figure 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the resonant signals obtained under the optimal and worst parameter combinations; Figure 7 (b) Schematic diagram of the resonant spectrum signal;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of ultrasonic excitation under the thermoelastic mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0058] It should be noted that terms such as "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply a specific relationship or order between these entities or operations. It should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and that "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply difference. It should be understood that such data used can be interchanged where appropriate. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements explicitly listed, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0059] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0060] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0061] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linked," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0062] This application addresses the lack of online testing technology for corrosion thinning of aero-engine turbine blades and exhaust nozzles under high-temperature and vibration environments by proposing a sensor, system, and method for testing the properties of metallic materials. The laser-electromagnetic-ultrasonic testing technology based on the resonance method offers advantages such as non-contact operation, high signal-to-noise ratio, high temperature resistance, and wide bandwidth. It is suitable for non-destructive testing in harsh environments such as high temperatures and vibrations, and can achieve damage vibration testing of metallic material samples (workpieces) with a thickness of up to 10 mm.

[0063] Specific embodiments according to this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a metal material performance sensor, including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a magnetic ring;

[0065] In use, the EMAT and the magnetic ring are placed on opposite sides of the metal sample; the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal sample, which is ultimately received by the EMAT.

[0066] This application proposes an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor configuration using a magnetic ring for focusing the magnetic field. This configuration significantly increases the bias magnetic field required for receiving electromagnetic ultrasonic signals without obstructing the normal laser path, thereby significantly improving the transduction efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer. It also substantially increases the bias magnetic field strength and the amplitude of the detection signal. Utilizing the proportional relationship between the EMAT signal-to-noise ratio and the square of the magnetic flux density, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal can be further improved, enabling large-scale lift-off detection. Combined with resonant thickness measurement technology, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection signal can be significantly improved, thus enabling large-scale lift-off corrosion thinning detection up to 15mm. This is suitable for online testing of thermal corrosion thinning and damage stress in high-temperature, vibration, and large-scale lift-off scenarios.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the EMAT includes a stepped permanent magnet and a coil;

[0068] The stepped permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet arranged coaxially; both the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are cylindrical, the first permanent magnet is disposed on the second permanent magnet, and the diameter of the first permanent magnet is smaller than the diameter of the second permanent magnet;

[0069] The coil is located at the front end of the first permanent magnet.

[0070] In some embodiments, the permanent magnets of both the EMAT and the magnetic ring are SmCo permanent magnets capable of withstanding temperatures up to 350°C, further increasing the high-temperature resistance of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor.

[0071] In some embodiments, the coil is a novel high-temperature resistant ceramic silver coil. For example, a ceramic silver coil that can withstand temperatures up to 850°C.

[0072] In some embodiments, the stepped permanent magnet and the coil are assembled in a housing with an opening at the front end, and the space between the housing and the stepped permanent magnet and the coil is filled with a high-temperature resistant ceramic gel. For example, a ceramic gel capable of withstanding temperatures up to 1000°C instantaneously. A mica sheet is disposed between the coil and the front end of the housing.

[0073] By using high-temperature mica sheets to isolate the coil, the impact of temperature on the sensor can be further reduced in the high-temperature environment, enabling continuous detection at ultra-high temperatures.

[0074] This application discloses a receiving probe using a stepped permanent magnet combined with a ring magnet for magnetic focusing. It utilizes a high-temperature resistant ceramic silver coil and a high-temperature resistant SmCo permanent magnet, infused with a high-temperature resistant ceramic gel. This significantly enhances the remanent magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet under high-temperature conditions, enabling detection applications with a large lift-off of 15mm under high-temperature flutter conditions. Furthermore, high-temperature resistant mica sheets provide further isolation, serving both as insulation and providing wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. This further protects the detection line, giving the sensor good high-temperature and corrosion resistance under large lift-off conditions, enabling continuous detection at temperatures exceeding 1000℃.

[0075] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The longitudinal section and top view show three different configurations of the magnetic ring structure.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic ring is cylindrical in shape and is divided into two parts along the axial direction. The upper part is magnetized as the N pole and the lower part is magnetized as the S pole.

[0077] The magnetic ring structure can not only allow the light source to pass through normally and generate ultrasonic waves on the surface of the metal sample, but also further enhance the strength of the bias magnetic field.

[0078] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the magnetic ring includes a third permanent magnet, a fourth permanent magnet, and a fifth permanent magnet;

[0079] The third permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters;

[0080] The fourth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with a large inner diameter at the top and a small inner diameter at the bottom;

[0081] The fifth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters;

[0082] The third, fourth, and fifth permanent magnets are arranged on the same axis;

[0083] The height of the third permanent magnet is equal to the height of the fourth permanent magnet, and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the third permanent magnet is sleeved on the outside of the fourth permanent magnet.

[0084] The fifth permanent magnet is disposed above the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet; the inner diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the height of the fifth permanent magnet is less than the height of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet.

[0085] The longitudinal section of the magnetic ring is divided into two symmetrical parts; the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the left part are magnetized as S pole, N pole and S pole respectively, and the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the right part are magnetized as N pole, S pole and N pole respectively.

[0086] Figure 4 In order to be in Figure 3 Based on the illustrated magnetic ring structure, a novel improved magnet configuration (Improved Type 1) is proposed. This structure utilizes the principle of the Hellbeck array and is modified according to practical application scenarios. Using the principle of the Hellbeck array, a circularly shaped permanent magnet with a horizontally magnetized circularly shaped cross-section surrounds the circularly shaped permanent magnet. This configuration significantly enhances the vertical magnetic field below the magnetic ring.

[0087] In some embodiments, the magnetic ring includes a sixth permanent magnet, a seventh permanent magnet, and a soft magnetic concentrator;

[0088] The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are all in the shape of a ring cylinder;

[0089] The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are arranged on the same axis;

[0090] The sixth permanent magnet is magnetized along the axial direction and is divided into two parts, the upper part of which is magnetized as the N pole and the lower part of which is magnetized as the S pole.

[0091] The sixth permanent magnet is placed on a soft magnetic magnetizer;

[0092] The seventh permanent magnet and the soft magnetic magnet gatherer are of equal height and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the seventh permanent magnet is sleeved outside the soft magnetic magnet gatherer.

[0093] The inner diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the seventh permanent magnet is radially magnetized and divided into an inner part and an outer part; the outer diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the seventh permanent magnet and smaller than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is larger than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet.

[0094] The outer part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the N pole, and the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the S pole.

[0095] Figure 5 In order to be in Figure 3Based on the illustrated magnetic ring structure, another novel magnet configuration structure (Improved Type II) is proposed. This configuration generates a vertical magnetic field within the magnetic ring, with the polarity opposite to the axial magnetic field provided by the stepped permanent magnet, thus achieving a magnetizing effect. The purpose of magnetization is achieved by using a circular cylindrical magnet and a soft magnetic magnetizer to ensure that all adjacent magnetic poles have the same polarity.

[0096] The three types of magnets proposed in this application were all simulated and modeled using the finite element simulation software COMSOL, which significantly improved the bias magnetic field required for detection.

[0097] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a metal material performance testing system, including a laser and the aforementioned metal material performance testing sensor;

[0098] The laser serves as the excitation component, and the metal material performance detection sensor serves as the receiving component.

[0099] In use, the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal material sample, which is finally received by the EMAT; the performance test results of the metal material are calculated based on the signal collected by the EMAT.

[0100] In some embodiments, the laser is a Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064nm solid-state pulsed laser from the Nimma series manufactured by ematech.

[0101] In some embodiments, the laser emits a laser spot with a diameter of 8 mm, a laser pulse width of 8 ns, and a repetition frequency of 10 Hz.

[0102] In some embodiments, the laser beam used has a single pulse energy of 600V, corresponding to 185mJ, which does not reach the ablation threshold and causes no damage to the surface of the metal sample.

[0103] In some embodiments, the laser employs liquid cooling circulation for heat dissipation and is capable of emitting laser light with a wavelength of 1064 nm.

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the laser is equipped with a multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm, which enables three-dimensional optical path deflection, improving detection efficiency in complex environments and facilitating scanning functions. The laser emitted by the laser is guided to the test area of ​​the metal material sample through the multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm, thereby exciting ultrasonic waves.

[0105] In some embodiments, the multi-joint rotating mechanical light guide arm contains a beam splitter, and with the laser voltage control (545V~700V) and 10-level attenuator, the single pulse energy of the laser beam can be stably adjusted within the range of 0.5mJ~600mJ, which can meet the detection requirements.

[0106] In some embodiments, the system further includes an eddy current heater for heating a metallic material sample.

[0107] Metal material samples are heated by an eddy current heater and wrapped with insulating cotton, which can achieve a heating function of over 1000℃.

[0108] In some embodiments, the system further includes a three-dimensional vibration platform for placing metallic material samples and simulating a vibration environment.

[0109] Based on the eddy current heater and the three-dimensional vibration platform, it is possible to simulate the complex working environment of high-temperature vibration of aero-engine turbine blades and tail nozzles, so as to conduct online acoustic testing on the performance of metal materials such as aero-engine turbine blades and tail nozzles under high-temperature vibration environment, and provide experimental data to guide the development and preparation of high-performance high-temperature alloy materials under ultra-high temperature environment.

[0110] In some embodiments, the system further includes an XZ-axis two-dimensional scanning platform for mounting an EMAT to perform two-dimensional scanning of metallic material samples.

[0111] In some embodiments, the XZ-axis two-dimensional scanning platform is configured with a human-machine interface.

[0112] EMAT performs scanning through an XZ-axis 2D scanning platform, and utilizes a human-computer interaction interface developed based on LabVIEW to achieve automated scanning and data collection of planned paths.

[0113] In some embodiments, the system further includes an impedance matching device, a preamplifier, a data acquisition card, and a computer connected in sequence. The impedance matching device is connected to the EMAT coil. The impedance matching device is used to adjust the matching capacitance and inductance parameters of the EMAT coil, improving the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the received resonant signal, while also increasing the bandwidth of the resonant signal to obtain a resonant signal with a high-frequency bandwidth and high signal-to-noise ratio. Subsequently, the resonant signal is amplified by the preamplifier, and then transmitted to the computer by the data acquisition card. The computer performs a Fourier transform on the resonant signal, converting it from a time-domain signal to a frequency-domain signal, thus obtaining the desired resonant spectrum signal.

[0114] The impedance matching circuit uses an LC impedance matching system, which includes multiple inductors and capacitors. An LC impedance matching system is essentially a low-pass filter. It contains inductors with capacities such as 40μH, 25μH, 20μH, 6.3μH, and 5.6μH. Generally, only one inductor is selected to test the effect of each inductor on the signal and determine the optimal inductor. The capacitors are connected in parallel, with the largest being 10nF and the smallest 100pF. The sum of the capacitance values ​​in parallel is the sum of the values ​​of the individual capacitors connected in parallel. For example, connecting two 10nF capacitors in parallel results in a total capacitance of 20nF. Experiments are conducted by gradually increasing the capacitance value to determine the capacitor combination parameters that produce the best signal effect. Furthermore, research has shown that larger capacitance values ​​reduce the signal bandwidth and increase the amplitude of low-frequency signals, while smaller capacitance values ​​provide a wider signal bandwidth and increase the amplitude of high-frequency signals. However, the maximum signal amplitude is not as high as when the capacitance value is larger. Since the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the signal divided by the noise, a larger signal amplitude results in a higher SNR. Therefore, it is necessary to select the optimal parameter combination, i.e. the optimal impedance matching parameter combination, based on the bandwidth and amplitude requirements of the selected signal, in order to improve the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the received resonant signal, while also increasing the bandwidth of the resonant signal, and obtaining a resonant signal with a high-frequency bandwidth and high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0115] like Figure 7 As shown, where Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the resonant A-scan signal obtained with a lift of 0.5 mm; Figure 7 (b) is a schematic diagram of the resonant spectrum signal of EMAT with a lift of 0.5mm.

[0116] In some embodiments, the preamplifier is an OLYMPUS 5072PR preamplifier.

[0117] This application also provides a method for testing the properties of metallic materials, which can use the laser electromagnetic ultrasonic resonance method to test the properties and assess the safety of aerospace materials constituting hot-end components.

[0118] The mechanism of laser-excited ultrasound is based on the power density of the incident light (10). 6 W / cm 2 The laser is divided into thermoelastic and ablation mechanisms. Under the thermoelastic mechanism, the laser will not damage the surface of the material. At the same time, the transverse wave is more accurate than the longitudinal wave for thin metal material samples. The transverse wave amplitude under the thermoelastic mechanism is larger. Therefore, the excitation part adopts the principle of exciting ultrasonic waves under the thermoelastic mechanism. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic excitation principle under the thermoelastic mechanism. When the laser energy density is less than the damage threshold of the solid surface, the irradiated area of ​​the solid irradiated by the laser beam absorbs the laser energy and converts it into heat energy. The local material within the beam range rapidly heats up, resulting in rapid local thermal expansion, which generates tangential stress and excites volume waves and surface acoustic waves in the material.

[0119] When measuring thickness using the laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic resonance method, based on the aforementioned metal material performance testing system, a broadband ultrasonic signal is excited by a laser source. When the thickness of the test piece is an integer multiple of half the wavelength, the ultrasonic waves superimpose within the test piece to form a standing wave. If the frequency of the ultrasonic wave propagating inside the metal sample is equal to its natural frequency, the metal sample will resonate, forming a stronger superimposed signal, resulting in a significant change at a specific frequency in the frequency domain. The thickness of the metal sample can be determined using the frequency domain difference between the m-th and n-th resonant frequencies of the resonant spectrum signal.

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, d is the thickness of the metallic material sample, and f m f n Let m and n be the frequencies of the m-th and n-th resonant frequencies, respectively, where m > n ≥ 1.

[0122] In other embodiments, the thickness of the metal material sample can be determined first using other methods or measuring instruments, and then the ultrasonic velocity in the metal material sample can be calculated according to the above formula.

[0123] This application also provides a method for characterizing the performance of metallic material samples. The impact of metal fatigue damage on acoustic properties has long been a problem in the field of acoustics. The occurrence and propagation of dislocations and microcracks have a certain influence on the sound velocity and attenuation within metallic materials. Dislocations refer to internal microscopic defects in crystalline materials, namely, the local irregular arrangement of atoms. Due to viscosity and energy dissipation, dislocations exhibit phase-lag vibrations under the influence of ultrasound, reducing the wave velocity of the ultrasound. Simultaneously, dislocations are also a major source of attenuation changes. In fatigue experiments, dislocations play a crucial role in crack propagation, generating extremely high stress zones at the crack tip.

[0124] Based on the resonant frequency points of the obtained resonant spectrum signal, the shape, size, and amplitude of the resonant spectrum signal at different resonant frequency points are closely related to the sound velocity and sound attenuation of the material. The sound velocity and sound attenuation of a metallic material sample (such as a thin metal plate) change under different damage states, and these are closely related to the dislocation density and length of the material. Accurately measuring and comparing the frequency changes of the resonant spectrum signal allows for damage evaluation of the metallic material sample. Furthermore, by measuring and plotting the resonant spectrum curves for the metallic material sample, a resonant spectrum database of the metallic material sample under different damage states can be established. By comparing the resonant spectrum database, the performance of the metallic material sample can be characterized.

[0125] This application proposes a method for detecting corrosion thinning of high-temperature alloy materials using a laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic resonance method. By combining laser ultrasonic excitation with electromagnetic ultrasonic reception, a true non-contact detection method is achieved. Furthermore, by incorporating resonance technology and utilizing frequency domain detection techniques, online testing of corrosion thinning of thin plate materials can be realized, which can significantly improve the amplitude of the detection signal and overcome the problem of low transduction efficiency in electromagnetic ultrasonic detection.

[0126] The laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic testing method proposed in this application features non-contact operation, small size, and high temperature resistance, making it suitable for non-destructive testing in harsh environments such as high temperatures and confined spaces. It combines the advantages of wideband laser ultrasonic excitation with the low cost and less demanding surface requirements of electromagnetic ultrasound. Furthermore, the laser-electromagnetic acoustic resonance testing method, which incorporates resonance detection technology, further overcomes the low signal-to-noise ratio of laser-electromagnetic ultrasonic testing, enabling real-time online detection under high-temperature vibration environments.

[0127] The above description of the embodiments of this application is only a part of the embodiments of this application, and is used to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the content of this application, and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A sensor for detecting the properties of metallic materials, characterized in that, Including the Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Transducer (EMAT) and the magnetic ring; In use, the EMAT and the magnetic ring are placed on opposite sides of the metal material sample; the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal material sample, which is ultimately received by the EMAT. The magnetic ring has one of the following three structures: Structure 1: The magnetic ring is cylindrical in shape and is divided into two parts along the axial direction, with the upper part being magnetized as the N pole and the lower part being magnetized as the S pole. Structure 2: The magnetic ring includes a third permanent magnet, a fourth permanent magnet, and a fifth permanent magnet; The third permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters; The fourth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with a large inner diameter at the top and a small inner diameter at the bottom; The fifth permanent magnet is a cylindrical ring with equal upper and lower inner diameters; The third, fourth, and fifth permanent magnets are arranged on the same axis; The height of the third permanent magnet is equal to the height of the fourth permanent magnet, and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the third permanent magnet is sleeved on the outside of the fourth permanent magnet. The fifth permanent magnet is disposed above the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet; the inner diameter of the fifth permanent magnet is equal to the inner diameter of the lower part of the fourth permanent magnet; the height of the fifth permanent magnet is less than the height of the upper part of the fourth permanent magnet. The longitudinal section of the magnetic ring is divided into two symmetrical parts; the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the left part are magnetized as S pole, N pole and S pole respectively, and the third, fourth and fifth permanent magnets in the right part are magnetized as N pole, S pole and N pole respectively. Structure 3: The magnetic ring includes a sixth permanent magnet, a seventh permanent magnet, and a soft magnetic concentrator; The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are all in the shape of a ring cylinder; The sixth permanent magnet, the seventh permanent magnet, and the soft magnetic concentrator are arranged on the same axis; The sixth permanent magnet is magnetized along the axial direction and is divided into two parts, the upper part of which is magnetized as the N pole and the lower part of which is magnetized as the S pole. The sixth permanent magnet is placed on a soft magnetic magnetizer; The seventh permanent magnet and the soft magnetic magnet gatherer are of equal height and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane; the seventh permanent magnet is sleeved outside the soft magnetic magnet gatherer. The inner diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the seventh permanent magnet is radially magnetized and divided into an inner part and an outer part; the outer diameter of the soft magnetic magnetizer is equal to the inner diameter of the seventh permanent magnet and smaller than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet; the outer diameter of the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is larger than the outer diameter of the sixth permanent magnet. The outer part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the N pole, and the inner part of the seventh permanent magnet is magnetized as the S pole.

2. The metal material performance testing sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The EMAT includes a stepped permanent magnet and a coil; The stepped permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet arranged coaxially; both the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are cylindrical, the first permanent magnet is disposed on the second permanent magnet, and the diameter of the first permanent magnet is smaller than the diameter of the second permanent magnet; The coil is located at the front end of the first permanent magnet.

3. The metal material performance testing sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the EMAT and the magnetic ring use SmCo permanent magnets that can withstand temperatures up to 350°C.

4. The metal material performance testing sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coil is made of high-temperature resistant ceramic silver coil; the stepped permanent magnet and the coil are assembled in a shell with an opening at the front end, and the space between the shell and the stepped permanent magnet and the coil is filled with high-temperature resistant ceramic gel; a mica sheet is placed between the coil and the front end of the shell.

5. A system for testing the properties of metallic materials, characterized in that, Includes a laser and a metal material performance testing sensor as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; The laser is used as the excitation part, and the metal material performance detection sensor is used as the receiving part. In use, the laser emitted by the laser passes through the magnetic ring and generates an ultrasonic signal in the metal material sample, which is finally received by the EMAT; the performance test results of the metal material are calculated based on the signal collected by the EMAT.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laser is equipped with a multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm; the laser emitted by the laser is guided to the test area of ​​the metal material sample through the multi-jointed rotating mechanical light guide arm, thereby exciting ultrasonic waves. The system also includes an eddy current heater for heating the metal material sample; The system also includes a three-dimensional vibration platform for placing metallic material samples and simulating vibration environments.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also includes an XZ-axis two-dimensional scanning platform for mounting EMAT to perform two-dimensional scanning of metallic material samples.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes an impedance matching device, a preamplifier, a data acquisition card, and a computer connected in sequence; the impedance matching device is connected to the EMAT; the impedance matching device is used to adjust the matching capacitance and inductance parameters of the EMAT coil to maximize the amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal while improving the bandwidth of the resonant signal. The resonant signal then passes through a preamplifier and a data acquisition card, which transmits the signal to the computer to obtain the desired resonant spectrum signal.

9. A method for testing the properties of metallic materials, characterized in that, Based on the metal material performance testing system described in claim 8, a resonance spectrum signal is acquired, and the thickness of the metal material sample is calculated based on the resonance spectrum signal. : In the formula, The speed of sound in ultrasound. , The first The resonant frequency point and the first The frequency magnitude of each resonant frequency point .

Images