Watermelon shell breaking and screening device and working method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and particularly relates to a water caltrop shell breaking and screening device and a working method. The water caltrop shell breaking and screening device comprises a feeding hopper, a conveying mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a screening mechanism and a rack. The bottom of the feeding hopper is provided with a feeding port matched with the shape of the water caltrop. The conveying mechanism comprises a belt and a baffle. The baffle is buckled on the belt, and the middle of the baffle is provided with a slide groove. The slide groove is located on the lower side of the feeding port. The cutting mechanism comprises a blade group located on the upper side of the slide groove. The blade group comprises a middle blade and side blades located on both sides of the middle blade. The middle blade cuts the middle of the water caltrop, and the side blades cut the curved corners of the water caltrop. The screening mechanism comprises a crushing assembly and a screening assembly. The crushing assembly is located at the end of the belt and is used for crushing the deteriorated pulp. The screening assembly is located on the lower side of the crushing assembly and is used for screening the non-deteriorated pulp. The rack ensures that the positions of the parts are relatively fixed through stable support. The present application realizes efficient and low-cost processing of the water caltrop and improves the stability of the product quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and in particular to a water caltrop shelling and screening device and working method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water caltrop is an important aquatic plant that is rich in various nutrients and has significant benefits for human health. Its fruit contains abundant protein, dietary fiber, vitamin C, and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and iron, which help to enhance immunity, improve the digestive system, and regulate blood pressure. In addition, water caltrop's low-fat and low-calorie characteristics make it a popular fitness food. In terms of economic value, water caltrop demand is gradually increasing on the market, especially in the context of the prevalence of healthy diets, making it an important green food. The cultivation and processing of water caltrop not only have high economic returns but also provide farmers with considerable income, promoting the sustainable development of rural economies.

[0003] Traditional water caltrop shelling and screening mainly rely on manual operation, which is inefficient and labor-intensive. Manual shelling and screening not only have low efficiency but also high costs, and the quality of the products is difficult to guarantee. In addition, manual operation cannot meet the needs of large-scale production, limiting the further development of the water caltrop processing industry. In the field of mechanical processing, although there are some automated equipment, these devices often cannot well adapt to the unique morphological characteristics of water caltrop, leading to high breakage rates and low efficiency in the processing process.

[0004] Therefore, the main problems existing in the prior art include:

[0005] 1. Efficiency problem: manual shelling and screening are inefficient and cannot meet the needs of large-scale production.

[0006] 2. Cost problem: manual operation is costly, which is not conducive to improving economic efficiency.

[0007] 3. Quality instability: manual operation can easily lead to fluctuations in product quality, affecting market competitiveness.

[0008] 4. Adaptability problem: existing mechanical processing equipment cannot adapt to the morphological characteristics of water caltrop, leading to high breakage rates in the processing process. SUMMARY

[0009] To address the deficiencies in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application aim to provide a water caltrop shelling and screening device and working method.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions:

[0011] A water caltrop shell breaking and screening device comprises an inlet hopper, a conveying mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a screening mechanism, the bottom of the inlet hopper is provided with an inlet opening matching the shape of the water caltrop, the conveying mechanism comprises a belt and a baffle, the baffle is buckled on the belt, the middle of the baffle is provided with a chute slot, and the chute slot is located on the lower side of the inlet opening, the cutting mechanism comprises a blade set located on the upper side of the chute slot, the blade set comprises a middle blade and side blades located on both sides of the middle blade, the middle blade cuts the middle of the water caltrop, and the side blades cut the curved corners of the water caltrop, and the screening mechanism comprises a crushing assembly and a screening assembly, the crushing assembly is located at the end of the belt and is used for crushing the deteriorated pulp, and the screening assembly is located on the lower side of the crushing assembly and is used for screening the undeteriorated pulp.

[0012] The water caltrop shell breaking and screening device also provides a working method of the water caltrop shell breaking and screening device.

[0013] The water caltrop falls from the inlet opening to the upper side of the belt and moves along the chute slot to the cutting mechanism.

[0014] The middle blade of the cutting mechanism cuts the shell of the middle part of the water caltrop, and the side blades cut the curved corners on both sides of the water caltrop.

[0015] The cut water caltrop falls from the belt into the crushing assembly in the screening mechanism, the deteriorated water caltrop is crushed, the pulp and the shell of the undeteriorated water caltrop are separated and cannot be crushed, the material falls downward into the screening assembly, the shell is blown out, the deteriorated pulp falls through the screen hole, and the undeteriorated pulp is output from the side.

[0016] The one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiment of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0017] 1. After the water caltrop to be processed is placed in the inlet hopper, the conveying mechanism conveys the water caltrop to the cutting mechanism. The cutting mechanism comprises a set of specially designed cutters, which can efficiently cut the water caltrop. The screening mechanism is responsible for screening the cut kernels and separating the complete kernels and the deteriorated pulp. The problems of low efficiency, high cost, unstable quality and poor adaptability in the prior art are solved. Through the technical solution, efficient and low-cost processing of water caltrop can be realized, the stability of product quality is improved, market demand is met, and it has important economic and social significance.

[0018] 2. The inlet hopper adopts an oval inlet opening, which can simply and efficiently adjust the posture of the water caltrop when falling on the belt, and under the clamping of the baffles on both sides, the problems of misalignment of the cut, increase of the damage rate and the like caused by the tilting of the water caltrop can be avoided.

[0019] 3. To address the unique shape of water chestnuts—lower on both sides and higher in the middle—a three-blade cutting mechanism was designed. The two outer blades have a larger diameter, enabling them to cut the thinner sections on the sides of the water chestnut, while the middle blade has a smaller diameter to accommodate the raised center. This differentiated blade configuration allows the blade assembly to simultaneously and efficiently remove the curved corners on both sides of the water chestnut, creating a cut in the middle, achieving one-time shell removal and improving cutting efficiency.

[0020] 4. A crushing and screening structure with ideal screening efficiency and quality was designed. It cleverly utilizes the hardness difference between spoiled and unspoiled water chestnuts, crushing the spoiled water chestnuts into small pieces through a crushing device, while successfully separating the pulp and shell of the unspoiled water chestnuts. An innovative cam vibration device and fan are installed below the screening plate. The fan blows out the shells, and then the combined action of vibration and gravity completes the separation of the unspoiled pulp and the spoiled water chestnut fragments, improving screening efficiency and quality.

[0021] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In addition, the spacing or dimensions between the parts are exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water chestnut dehulling and screening device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the feed hopper in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the transportation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a left view of the transportation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission shaft system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the belt drive base plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a large gear in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 8 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a bearing element without an axle in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 9 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cutting mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 10 Figure 4 is an exploded view of a blade shaft in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 11 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a blade in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 12 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a fixing element in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 13 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a first support frame in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 14 Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a screening mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 15 Figure 9 is an exploded view of a screening mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 16 Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an auger in an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 17 Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a second support frame in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 18 Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a screening mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 19 Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a collection bucket in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 20 Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a screening plate in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 21 Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a collection box in an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 22 Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a rack in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 23 Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a rack in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 24 Figure 18 is a partial enlarged view of a rack in an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 25 Figure 19 is an exploded view of part of a rack in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 26 Another modified blade shaft sectional view in the embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 27 Another modified side blade schematic view in the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 28 Another modified middle blade schematic view in the embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure 29 Another modified middle blade schematic view in the embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 30 Another modified middle blade schematic view in the embodiment of the present application.

[0053] In the figure: I, feeding hopper; II, conveying mechanism; III, cutting mechanism; IV, screening mechanism; V, frame;

[0054] II-1, pinion; II-2, gear; II-3, front pulley; II-4, first baffle; II-5, second baffle; II-6, belt; II-7, rear pulley; II-8, hexagonal bolt; II-9, first bearing; II-10, rear pulley bearing; II-11, front pulley bearing; II-12, motor mounting plate; II-13, lock nut; II-14, first motor; II-15, baffle ring; II-16, spring washer; II-17, first transmission key; II-18, belt transmission bottom plate;

[0055] III-1, fixing piece; III-2, second bearing; III-3, blade shaft; III-4, side blade; III-5, middle blade; III-6, first support frame; III-7, coupling; III-8, second motor; III-9, sleeve; III-10, second transmission key;

[0056] IV-1, third motor; IV-2, auger; IV-3, crushing barrel; IV-4, second support frame; IV-5, collecting barrel; IV-6, fourth motor; IV-7, concentrating plate; IV-8, screening plate; IV-9, cam; IV-10, fan; IV-11, collecting box;

[0057] V-1, aluminum profile; V-2, T-shaped bolt; V-3, T-shaped nut; V-4, corner piece; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further description of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. In addition, it is also to be understood that the use of the terms "including", "comprising", or "having" herein is meant to convey the inclusion of a stated feature, step, operation, device, component, element, or the combination thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, devices, components, elements, or combinations thereof.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] To solve the technical problems mentioned in the background, the present embodiment proposes a water caltrop shell breaking and screening device. As shown in the figure, the water caltrop shell breaking and screening device comprises an inlet hopper I, a conveying mechanism II, a cutting mechanism III, a screening mechanism IV and a rack V. Figure 1

[0061] The bottom of the inlet hopper I of the device is provided with an inlet opening matched with the shape of the water caltrop. The inlet opening is designed to match the inlet of the water caltrop shape, so that the water caltrop can smoothly pass and enter the conveying mechanism II under the action of gravity and ensure that the water caltrop is in the posture of the middle down and the two side corners up. The size and shape of the inlet opening are optimized to adapt to water caltrops of different sizes, ensuring that the device is widely applicable.

[0062] The conveying mechanism II comprises a belt II-6 and a baffle buckled on the belt II-6. The baffle is provided with a slide groove in the middle, which is located on the lower side of the inlet opening and is used to guide the movement path of the water caltrop during conveying. The design of the baffle makes the water caltrop move steadily along the slide groove without deviation. The slide groove is matched with the bottom shape of the water caltrop to ensure that the water caltrop can move to the cutting mechanism III position in a stable posture. By installing the baffle on the belt II-6, the device can continuously convey a large number of water caltrops and ensure that each water caltrop can accurately reach the cutting mechanism III in a specific posture, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the opening and breaking of the shell.

[0063] The cutting mechanism III is installed on the upper side of the slide groove, and the blade group is composed of a middle blade III-5 and a side blade III-4, which is designed to achieve accurate cutting of the water caltrop shell. The middle blade III-5 is located in the middle of the water caltrop and cuts the shell in the middle of the water caltrop, while the side blade III-4 located on both sides of the middle blade III-5 is used to cut the corner part of the water caltrop, which ensures the accuracy of the cutting. The cutting mechanism III can realize accurate cutting of the shell under the premise of ensuring the integrity of the water caltrop fruit by reasonably arranging the positions of the middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4.

[0064] ​The screening mechanism IV, located at the end of the transport mechanism II, includes a crushing component and a sieving component. After being processed by the cutting mechanism III, the water chestnuts fall into the crushing component, where the softer, spoiled pulp is crushed to separate it from the unspoiled pulp. The sieving component, located below the crushing component, further separates the unspoiled pulp from the outer shell.

[0065] In this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the feed hopper I along the conveying direction of belt II-6 is designed as a cone, and the cross-section of its feed inlet is elliptical. The cone design utilizes gravity and the structural characteristics of feed hopper I to allow the rhombus to slide smoothly downwards, adapting to the slide groove of conveyor mechanism II. The elliptical cross-section of the feed inlet better accommodates the shape of the rhombus.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown in the schematic diagram of the feed hopper, the feed hopper I is an integral unit consisting of a funnel and a base. The lower inlet of the funnel is elliptical in shape, very similar to the shape of a rhombus, and is used to fix the posture and position of the rhombus. The base has eight threaded holes for fixing the feed hopper I to the belt drive base plate II-18.

[0067] This device also includes a frame V, on which a belt drive base plate II-18 is mounted. The feed hopper I and the conveyor mechanism II are both mounted on the belt drive base plate II-18, which provides stable support to ensure the relative position of each component. The belt drive base plate II-18 is preferably made of metal to withstand the weight and vibration of the equipment during long-term operation. Through the structural arrangement of the frame V, this device exhibits good stability, facilitating precise operation during continuous work, reducing the impact of vibration on various parts of the device, and simplifying maintenance and cleaning.

[0068] The baffles consist of a first baffle II-4 and a second baffle II-5, both Z-shaped plates, symmetrically installed on both sides of the belt II-6. The gap between the two baffles forms a sliding groove to ensure stable transport of the diamonds and their entry into the cutting mechanism III. The Z-shaped baffle design helps maintain the diamonds in the correct position during conveying on belt II-6, preventing them from deviating due to swaying. The dimensions of the sliding groove between the two baffles are optimized to accommodate diamonds of different sizes, while reducing the flipping of diamonds during transport, thereby improving the accuracy of the shell-breaking and screening process.

[0069] The transport mechanism II in the device also includes a first motor II-14, a front pulley II-3 and a tail pulley II-7, the front pulley II-3 and the tail pulley II-7 are installed on a belt transmission bottom plate II-18 and are supported by bearing members. A belt II-6 is wound between the front pulley II-3 and the tail pulley II-7, the first motor II-14 drives the front pulley II-3 to rotate through a gear set, thereby driving the belt II-6 to continuously convey the water caltrop at a certain speed. The design of the first motor II-14 and the gear set takes into account the transmission efficiency and noise control to ensure that the device still runs smoothly under high load for a long time. Through the close connection of the front pulley II-3 and the tail pulley II-7, the belt II-6 can maintain appropriate tension and avoid slipping, etc., to ensure stable conveying of the water caltrop.

[0070] As Figure 4 As shown in the left view of the transport mechanism II, the first motor II-14 is fixed to a motor mounting plate II-12 by means of a hexagonal bolt II-8, and the motor mounting plate II-12 is fixed to the frame V by means of a hexagonal bolt II-8. The pinion II-1 is connected to the first motor II-14, and the large gear II-2 (as shown in Figure 7 The outer end surface of the pinion II-1 is provided with a lock nut II-13 for fixing the pinion II-1. The outer end surface of the large gear II-2 is provided with a retainer II-15 and a spring washer II-16 to prevent bolt loosening and reduce vibration.

[0071] The model of the first motor II-14 selected in this embodiment is Y90S-6, the belt II-6 is a common flat belt of type A, and the transmission ratio I of the pinion II-1 and the large gear II-2 is 3.

[0072] As Figure 5 As shown in the schematic diagram of the transmission shaft structure, the front pulley II-3 is connected to the large gear II-2 through a first transmission key II-17, and the two ends of the front pulley II-3 are installed on a front pulley bearing member II-11 through a first bearing II-9, and the front pulley bearing member II-11 is fixed to the frame V through a hexagonal bolt II-8.

[0073] As Figure 3 As shown in the axial view of the transport mechanism II, the two ends of the tail pulley II-7 are installed on a tail pulley bearing member II-10 (as shown in Figure 8The end pulley bearing piece II-10 is fixed on the rack V through the inner hexagonal bolt II-8. The belt II-6 is wound around the front pulley II-3 and the end pulley II-7. The first baffle II-4 and the second baffle II-5 are installed on both sides of the belt II-6 and are fixed on the belt transmission bottom plate II-18 (as shown in Figure 6 for ensuring the posture of the water caltrop.

[0074] In operation, the first motor II-14 drives the pinion II-1 to rotate, the pinion II-1 drives the gear II-2 to rotate, the gear II-2 further transmits the motion to the front pulley II-3, the front pulley II-3 and the belt II-6 are driven by friction, the belt II-6 further drives the end pulley II-7 to rotate, and finally the overall operation of the transportation mechanism II is realized.

[0075] The middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4 in the cutting mechanism III are both installed on the blade shaft III-3 and are spaced apart by the sleeve III-9. The diameter of the middle blade III-5 is smaller than that of the side blade III-4, which facilitates accurate cutting of the middle part of the water caltrop, while the side blade III-4 is specifically used for cutting off the curved corners on both sides of the water caltrop. The sleeve III-9 plays a fixing role to ensure that the middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4 maintain appropriate spacing.

[0076] The cutting mechanism III further includes a second motor III-8, a fixing piece III-1 and a first support frame III-6. Both ends of the blade shaft III-3 are installed on the fixing piece III-1 and the first support frame III-6, and the fixing piece III-1 and the first support frame III-6 are both installed on the belt transmission bottom plate II-18. The second motor III-8 is installed on the first support frame III-6 and is used to drive the blade shaft III-3 to rotate. By reasonably configuring the fixing piece III-1 and the first support frame III-6, it is ensured that the blade can rotate stably during cutting of the water caltrop and achieve accurate cutting effect.

[0077] As shown in the cutting mechanism III schematic view, one end of the blade shaft III-3 (as shown in Figure 9 Figure 11 is fixed on the fixing piece III-1 (as shown in Figure 13 Figure 14 is connected with the coupling III-7 and is supported by the first support frame III-6 (as shown in

[0078] As shown in the cutting mechanism III schematic view, one end of the blade shaft III-3 (as shown in Figure 10 ​​The exploded view of the blade shaft shows that the middle blade III-5 (as shown in Figure 12 and the side blade III-4 are connected to the blade shaft III-3 by the second transmission key III-10. A sleeve III-9 is installed between the middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4 to limit the position of the cutter.

[0079] As shown in Figure 12 The middle blade III-5 has a rectangular blade shape, and the diameter d can be changed according to the size of the water caltrop. The structure and shape of the side blade III-4 are the same as those of the middle blade III-5, except that the diameter d is larger than that of the middle blade III-5.

[0080] In this embodiment, the thickness h of the side blade III-4 and the middle blade III-5 is 1.5mm-1.8mm, and preferably h=1.6mm. The blade angle γ is 50°-70°, and preferably 60°. The materials used include but are not limited to carbon steel, stainless steel, high-speed steel, and hard alloy, and the model of the second motor III-8 selected is Y132M1-6.

[0081] Because the shell of the water caltrop is hard, the shell-breaking cutter is easily damaged during use and needs to be replaced from time to time. In addition, for water caltrops of different sizes, the cutter with the corresponding diameter also needs to be replaced to meet the shell-breaking demand. Therefore, this embodiment provides a cutting mechanism III that is easy to disassemble.

[0082] As shown in Figure 26 As shown in the cross-sectional view of the modified blade shaft, the modified blade shaft III-3 is provided with axially symmetrical threaded holes for installing the middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4. As shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28 The middle blade III-5 and the side blade III-4 are both provided with two threaded holes and can be installed on the modified blade shaft III-3 by bolts. Compared with the key connection method, the bolt connection in this embodiment is easier to disassemble.

[0083] The grinding assembly includes a third motor IV-1, an auger IV-2, and a grinding barrel IV-3. The third motor IV-1 is installed on the frame V and is used to drive the auger IV-2 to rotate. The grinding barrel IV-3 is located inside the frame V, and the end of the belt II-6 is located above the grinding barrel IV-3, so that the cut water caltrop falls directly into the grinding barrel IV-3. The auger IV-2 is designed to grind the metamorphosed water caltrop pulp in the grinding barrel IV-3, and the unmetamorphosed pulp can be separated from the shell, thereby realizing the pretreatment of the pulp.

[0084] The screening mechanism IV includes a second support frame IV-4, a collecting barrel IV-5, a fourth motor IV-6, a concentrating plate IV-7, a screening plate IV-8, a cam IV-9, a fan IV-10 and a collecting box IV-11. The crushing barrel IV-3 is installed on the second support frame IV-4, the collecting barrel IV-5 is located below the second support frame IV-4, and the concentrating plate IV-7 and the screening plate IV-8 are built-in. The concentrating plate IV-7 and the screening plate IV-8 are respectively provided with an inclination angle to guide the material flow. There is a gap between the upper end of the screening plate IV-8 and the barrel wall of the collecting barrel IV-5, the fan IV-10 blows wind towards the gap, and the pulp and the shell are further separated. The collecting box IV-11 is placed below the collecting barrel IV-5 to collect the fallen pulp residues and shells. The lower end of the screening plate IV-8 is hinged to the barrel wall, the cam IV-9 is driven to rotate under the drive of the fourth motor IV-6, and the screening plate IV-8 is vibrated, thereby further improving the screening effect. Through the cooperative work of these elements, the device can effectively screen out the intact pulp and collect it to the designated area.

[0085] As shown in Figure 15 , Figure 16 , the third motor IV-1 is fixed on the rack V, the auger IV-2 is connected with the third motor IV-1, the crushing barrel IV-3 is sleeved outside the auger IV-2, the crushing barrel IV-3 is supported by the second support frame IV-4 (as shown in Figure 18 ), the second support frame IV-4 is further supported by the collecting barrel IV-5, and the material collecting barrel IV-5 is fixed on the rack V.

[0086] As shown in Figure 17 , the auger schematic diagram, the groove depth of the auger IV-2 gradually decreases, which can continuously generate extrusion force and friction force on the water caltrop.

[0087] As shown in Figure 19 , Figure 20 , the inner surface of the material collecting barrel IV-5 is provided with an inclined outward extending edge for installing the concentrating plate IV-7 and the screening plate IV-8 (as shown in Figure 21 ), one side is provided with four threaded holes and a circular through hole for installing the fourth motor IV-6, and one side is provided with a rectangular discharge port. The cam IV-9 is connected with the fourth motor IV-6 and located below the screening plate IV-8 for vibrating the screening plate IV-8 to improve the screening efficiency.

[0088] In this embodiment, the model of the third motor IV-1 is YS60-4, the model of the fourth motor IV-6 is Y90S-6, the inclination angle of the concentrating plate and the screening plate is 20°-40°, preferably 25°, the material of the screening plate includes but is not limited to galvanized steel, stainless steel, nylon, polyurethane, polypropylene and low carbon steel, and the material of the auger includes but is not limited to stainless steel, carbon steel and nylon.

[0089] As Figure 23 , Figure 24 shown, the rack V includes aluminum profile V-1, T-shaped bolt V-2, T-shaped nut V-3 and corner piece V-4. The aluminum profiles V-1 are connected by the corner piece V-4, the T-shaped bolt V-2 and the T-shaped nut V-3.

[0090] Figure 25 The partial component exploded view shows the assembly relationship of the feeding hopper I, the cutting mechanism III, the rack V, the first baffle II-4, the second baffle II-5 and the belt drive bottom plate II-18. The feeding hopper I, the cutting mechanism III, the first baffle II-4 and the second baffle II-5 are connected with the belt drive bottom plate II-18 by the internal hexagonal bolt II-8, and the belt drive bottom plate II-18 is connected with the rack V by the internal hexagonal bolt II-8.

[0091] When working, the third motor IV-1 drives the auger IV-2 to rotate. Since the metamorphosed water caltrop is softer than the unmetamorphosed water caltrop, the metamorphosed water caltrop is crushed under the extrusion force and friction force of the auger IV-2 and the crushing barrel IV-3, while the unmetamorphosed water caltrop cannot be crushed, and the flesh and shell are separated. The material rotated out of the auger IV-2 first falls onto the concentrating plate IV-7, and then slides onto the screening plate IV-8. The shell is blown by the fan IV-10 to the left side from the gap between the screening plate IV-8 and the barrel wall during falling, and the screening plate IV-8 is continuously vibrated under the action of the cam IV-9. The slag of the metamorphosed water caltrop falls into the space below the screening plate IV-8 from the circular hole on the screening plate IV-8, and the flesh of the unmetamorphosed water caltrop rolls out of the screening plate IV-8. The collecting box IV-11 below the collecting barrel IV-5 collects the shell falling from the gap on one side of the screening plate IV-8 and the flesh slag falling from the circular hole.

[0092] As Figure 29 shown, the present embodiment introduces two new hole shapes, square hole and rhombus hole. This design not only enriches the hole shape selection of the screening plate IV-8, but also enables the screening process to achieve more effective screening for specific shaped material particles.

[0093] As Figure 30 shown, in order to meet the screening needs of different size material particles, on the basis of maintaining the diversification of hole shape, the size of the circular hole, square hole and rhombus hole is all expanded to twice the original size. This design enables the screening plate IV-8 to flexibly cope with the change of material size. When encountering larger water caltrop, the large hole screening plate IV-8 provided in the present embodiment can be quickly replaced, thereby avoiding the problems of screening blockage or low efficiency caused by too small hole diameter.

[0094] Embodiment 2

[0095] The embodiment proposes a working method of the shelling and screening device of lotus nut in embodiment 1.

[0096] After the fresh lotus nut is put into the hopper I, the lotus nut falls from the inlet to the belt II-6, and then is conveyed to the cutting mechanism III, the middle blade III-5 cuts the shell at the middle part of the lotus nut, and the side blade III-4 cuts the curved corner at both sides of the lotus nut. The cut lotus nut falls from the belt II-6 to the crushing assembly in the screening mechanism IV, because the deteriorated lotus nut is softer than the non-deteriorated lotus nut, the deteriorated lotus nut is crushed under the extrusion and friction of the auger IV-2 and the crushing assembly, while the pulp and shell of the non-deteriorated lotus nut are separated and not crushed. With the rotation of the auger IV-2, the material is conveyed downward, and then falls on the collecting plate IV-7, and then slides to the screening plate IV-8. In the falling process, the shell is blown from the edge of the screening plate IV-8 by the fan IV-10. Because the screening plate IV-8 is continuously vibrated under the action of the cam IV-9, the deteriorated lotus nut pulp and residues fall from the screen hole of the screening plate IV-8 to the lower side of the screening plate IV-8, and the pulp of the non-deteriorated lotus nut rolls out of the screening plate IV-8.

[0097] Although the specific embodiments of the present application are described above with reference to the drawings, the description is not a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application without creative labor are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A water chestnut shell-breaking and screening device, characterized in that, include: Feed hopper, conveying mechanism, cutting mechanism and screening mechanism; The bottom of the feed hopper has a feed inlet that matches the shape of a rhombus, allowing the rhombus to pass smoothly through the feed inlet and enter the conveying mechanism below under the action of gravity, while ensuring that the middle of the rhombus faces downward and the two curved corners face upward; the longitudinal section of the feed hopper along the belt conveying direction is conical, and the cross section of the feed inlet is elliptical. The transport mechanism includes a belt and a baffle, the baffle is fastened to the belt, and the baffle has a slide groove in the middle, the slide groove being located below the feed inlet; The baffle includes a first baffle and a second baffle, both of which are Z-shaped plates. The first baffle and the second baffle are symmetrically and oppositely installed on both sides of the belt, and a set gap is formed between the first baffle and the second baffle to form a slide groove. The baffle ensures that the rhombus moves steadily along the slide groove without deviating; The slide groove matches the bottom shape of the rhombus, ensuring that the rhombus can maintain a stable posture as it moves to the cutting mechanism position; The cutting mechanism includes a blade assembly located on the upper side of the slide groove. The blade assembly includes a central blade and side blades located on both sides of the central blade. The central blade cuts the middle of the rhombus, and the side blades cut the curved corner of the rhombus. The diameter of the central blade is smaller than the diameter of the side blades. The middle blade cuts the outer shell of the middle part of the rhombus, and the side blades cut off the curved corners on both sides of the rhombus. The center blade and the side blade are mounted on the blade shaft, and a sleeve is provided between the center blade and the side blade. The sleeve serves to fix the center blade and the side blade and ensure that the center blade and the side blade maintain an appropriate distance. The screening mechanism includes a crushing component and a screening component. The crushing component is located at the end of the belt and is used to crush spoiled fruit pulp. The depth of the spiral groove of the auger in the crushing component gradually decreases, which can continuously generate extrusion and friction on the water chestnut. The water chestnut shell breaking and screening device also includes a frame, on which a belt drive base plate is provided. The crushing component includes a third motor, an auger, and a crushing barrel. The third motor is mounted on the frame, the crushing barrel is located inside the frame, and the end of the belt is located on the upper side of the crushing barrel. The auger is located inside the crushing barrel, and the third motor drives the auger to rotate. The spoiled water chestnuts are crushed under the pressure and friction of the auger and crushing barrel, while the flesh and shell of the unspoiled water chestnuts are separated. The screening component is located below the crushing component and is used to screen out unspoiled fruit pulp. The cutting mechanism further includes a second motor, a fixing component, and a first support frame. The fixing component and the first support frame are both mounted on the belt drive base plate. The two ends of the blade shaft are respectively mounted on the fixing component and the first support frame. The second motor is mounted on the first support frame and drives the blade shaft to rotate. The screening mechanism includes a second support frame, a collection bucket, a fourth motor, a concentrating plate, a screening plate, a cam, a fan, and a collection box. The crushing bucket is mounted on the second support frame, and the collection bucket is located below the second support frame. An inclined concentrating plate and a screening plate are installed inside the collection bucket. The screening plate is located below the concentrating plate, and its lower end is hinged to the wall of the collection bucket. There is a set gap between the upper end of the screening plate and the wall of the collection bucket. A fan is installed on the upper side of the hinged end of the screening plate, and the fan faces the gap between the screening plate and the wall. The cam is mounted on the inner wall of the collection bucket, and the fourth motor drives the cam to rotate, thereby causing the screening plate to vibrate. The collection box is placed below the collection bucket to collect the falling fruit pulp fragments and shells.

2. The water chestnut shell-breaking and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding hopper, conveying mechanism, and screening mechanism are all mounted on the frame.

3. The water chestnut shell-breaking and screening device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The transport mechanism also includes a first motor, a front pulley, and a rear pulley. The front pulley and the rear pulley are mounted on the frame via bearing components. The belt is wound around the front pulley and the rear pulley. The first motor drives the front pulley to rotate via a gear set.

4. A method for operating the water chestnut shell-breaking and screening device as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The water chestnuts fall from the feed inlet onto the upper side of the belt and move along the slide groove to the cutting mechanism; The middle blade of the cutting mechanism cuts the outer shell of the middle part of the rhombus, while the side blades remove the curved corners on both sides of the rhombus. After being cut, the water chestnuts fall from the conveyor belt into the crushing component of the screening mechanism. The spoiled water chestnuts are crushed, while the flesh and shell of the unspoiled water chestnuts are separated and not crushed. The material falls downward into the screening component, the shells are blown out, the spoiled water chestnut fragments fall through the screen holes, and the unspoiled flesh is output from the side.

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