A dynamically programmable surface and method of making the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of dynamic programmable surfaces and preparation method thereof, the dynamic surface can be regulated by the method of applying voltage or infrared light, realize regional deformation, complete by two-dimensional to three-dimensional structure numerical control reversible change.The application first utilizes alkali catalysis's mercapto-michael addition reaction to prepare liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution, subsequently utilizes wet spinning technology to prepare liquid crystal elastomer fiber, again utilizes ultraviolet light curing to make its liquid crystal cell orientation fixed.Press liquid metal array on the surface of fiber membrane, prepared liquid crystal elastomer fiber is sheared and arrayed arrangement on the surface of fiber membrane, applies voltage to heat single or multiple liquid crystal elastomer fibers, causes the deformation of fiber membrane at corresponding position.The method is simple to operate, and various complex structures and deformable surfaces of multiple sizes can be mass-produced, which is expected to provide a wide range of application scenarios in flexible electronics, wearable technology and soft robots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soft robot and wearable device technology, and particularly relates to a dynamic programmable surface and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Soft matter, capable of dynamically reconfiguring its shape based on interaction with the environment or perception of information, is rapidly developing, particularly the transformation of sheet-like or two-dimensional (2D) materials into programmable 3D shapes. Two-dimensional materials with three-dimensional shapes exist extensively in artificial and biological systems, serving various functions, such as flowers, leaves, and marine invertebrates. These deformable materials can enable the widespread application of new technologies, including soft robotics, deployable systems, wearable devices, tissue engineering, and biomimetic manufacturing. Various materials have been used to prepare deformable surfaces, such as dielectric elastomers and responsive hydrogels, but rapid control of fine structures remains lacking. For example, mimicking plant and animal structures with hydrogels often only achieves overall deformation, not control at a specific point on the surface. Another problem is that existing deformable surfaces often require large control voltages or strong magnetic fields; achieving control at low voltages remains challenging, and independent control in multiple modes still requires further exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a dynamically programmable surface and its preparation method. This method is simple, can be mass-produced, and the resulting deformable surface exhibits ultra-sensitive actuation, good deformation capability, and modulated deformation structure, showing application potential in soft robotics and wearable devices.

[0004] Furthermore, the method employed in this invention is expected to be applied to various flexible film materials, such as polyurethane and acrylic polymers.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for preparing a dynamically programmable surface, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Add 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate and benzoyl dimethyl ether to an organic solvent, stir until homogeneous, add di-n-propylamine, seal, and stir at room temperature to allow the reaction to proceed fully;

[0008] (2) Based on the liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution, liquid crystal elastomer fibers were prepared by wet spinning technology, and the liquid crystal elastomer fibers were further cross-linked and cured by ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0009] (3) printing liquid metal array on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, then pasting a second nanofiber membrane; collecting the liquid crystal elastomer fibers on the roller, and adhering them to the first nanofiber membrane coated with the liquid metal array position to obtain a voltage-regulated deformable surface.

[0010] Further, it further comprises:

[0011] 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate, graphene and benzil dimethyl ether are added to an organic solvent, stirred uniformly, then di-n-propylamine is added, sealed, stirred at room temperature, and fully reacted; step (2) is repeated to obtain liquid crystal elastomer fibers with infrared light response performance; the liquid crystal elastomer fibers are arrayed on a first nanofiber membrane to obtain an infrared light-regulated deformable surface.

[0012] Further, the step (1) is specifically:

[0013] 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene is dissolved in an organic solvent to a final concentration of 0.2-0.25 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate are added in a molar ratio of 4.5-5.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bonds and mercapto groups is 1.1-1.15:1; benzil dimethyl ether is added to a mass fraction of 1%-2%, and di-n-propylamine catalyst is added to a volume fraction of 0.3%-0.5%, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0014] Further, the step (2) is specifically:

[0015] The reaction product in step (1) is poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 0.9-1.1 mm, the syringe is placed on a syringe pump, then extruded at a pressure of 0.35 MPa at a speed of 1 mm / min, and collected on a roller rotating at 5 rpm, and further subjected to ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0016] Further, the first nanofiber membrane and the second nanofiber membrane are one of polyurethane nanofiber membrane, polylactic acid nanofiber membrane and polymethyl methacrylate nanofiber membrane.

[0017] Further, it further comprises a UV curing device, which is a 365 nm curing lamp to realize the ultraviolet light irradiation in step (2).

[0018] Further, the step (3) is specifically:

[0019] The first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.4-0.7mm is prepared by an electrostatic spinning method, liquid metal arrays are printed on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, and a second fiber membrane with a thickness of 0.05-0.15mm is attached to protect the liquid metal.

[0020] Further, the applied voltage of the voltage-regulated deformable surface is 0.5-1.1V.

[0021] Further, the final concentration of the graphene is 0.4-0.6mg / mL; the wavelength of the infrared light is 0.76-5um, and the infrared light intensity is 200mW.

[0022] The dynamic programmable surface prepared according to the preparation method comprises a voltage-regulated deformable surface and an infrared light-regulated deformable surface.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0024] The present application uses liquid crystal elastomer as a material and uses wet spinning technology to prepare liquid crystal unit oriented elastomer fibers. In early reports, liquid crystal elastomer fibers were prepared, but they were driven by direct heating method and could not realize the dual driving mode of voltage and infrared light. The present application uses wet spinning technology to mass-produce liquid crystal elastomer fibers and simply endows them with the characteristics of low voltage and infrared light drivability.

[0025] The present application uses electrospinning technology to prepare nanofiber membranes and print liquid metal on the nanofiber membranes. Liquid crystal elastomer fibers can be adhered to the surface of the nanofiber membranes in various array forms to realize various controllable deformable surfaces.

[0026] The process of the present application is simple and controllable, has a short preparation period, is safe and pollution-free, and is inexpensive. According to actual production requirements, different three-dimensional deformable surfaces can be flexibly prepared, and the present application has broad application prospects in soft robots and flexible wearable devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for preparing liquid crystal elastomer fibers in step 2 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2This is a stress-strain curve of the uncrosslinked liquid crystal elastomer fiber obtained in step 2 of embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of various deformable surfaces provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deformation process of a deformable surface provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 The change in the height of the protrusion point of the deformable surface obtained in Embodiment 9 of the present invention over time under low voltage (1.1V). Detailed implementation method:

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the features of the following embodiments and implementations can be combined with each other.

[0034] This invention first prepares a liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution using an alkaline-catalyzed thiol-Michael addition reaction, then prepares liquid crystal elastomer fibers using wet spinning technology, and subsequently attaches these fibers to a nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning to fabricate different arrays. Heating the liquid crystal elastomer fibers with liquid metal enables rapid actuation at low voltage, generating deformable surfaces. Furthermore, this invention provides a method for preparing infrared-actuated liquid crystal elastomer fibers and discloses their potential applications as infrared-controlled deformable surfaces. Compared to traditional additive manufacturing (continuously constructing 3D structures through layer-by-layer material deposition), the method of this invention can fabricate deformable surfaces with different array arrangements on a large scale, offering scalability, customizability, and deployability. This opens up new strategies for the design and fabrication of shape deformation engineering systems, including soft robots, deployable systems, and biomimetic devices.

[0035] The present invention discloses a method for preparing a dynamically programmable surface, the method comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate and benzoyl dimethyl ether were added to an organic solvent, stirred until homogeneous, and then di-n-propylamine was added. The mixture was sealed and stirred at room temperature to allow it to react fully, thus obtaining a liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution.

[0037] (2 as) Figure 1 As shown, the reaction product obtained in step (1) is poured into a syringe and fixed on the injection pump. The syringe is pushed to collect the injected liquid crystal elastomer fibers on a roller. Ultraviolet light is used to further crosslink and solidify the liquid crystal elastomer fibers to obtain liquid crystal elastomer fibers.

[0038] (3) printing liquid metal array on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, then pasting a second nanofiber membrane; collecting the liquid crystal elastomer fibers on the roller, and adhering them to the first nanofiber membrane at the position coated with the liquid metal array to obtain a voltage-regulated deformable surface.

[0039] Preferably, the applied voltage of the voltage-regulated deformable surface is 0.5 V.

[0040] Preferably, the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran solvent THF.

[0041] In some embodiments, step (1) is specifically: dissolving 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene in an organic solvent to a final concentration of 0.2-0.25 g / mL, adding 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate in a molar ratio of 4.5-5.5:1, and making the molar ratio of double bonds and mercapto groups 1.1-1.15:1; adding benzil dimethyl ether to a mass fraction of 1%-2%, and di-n-propylamine catalyst to a volume fraction of 0.3%-0.5%, and reacting at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0042] In some embodiments, the reaction product in step (1) is poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 0.9-1.1 mm, the syringe is placed on a syringe pump, then extruded at a pressure of 0.35 MPa at a speed of 1 mm / min, and collected on a roller rotating at 5 rpm, and further subjected to ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0043] In an embodiment, the ultraviolet light irradiation for further cross-linking and curing of the liquid crystal elastomer fibers is specifically: using a 365 nm curing lamp as an ultraviolet curing device to achieve the ultraviolet light irradiation in step (2).

[0044] Preferably, the first nanofiber membrane and the second nanofiber membrane are one of polyurethane nanofiber membrane, polylactic acid nanofiber membrane, and polymethyl methacrylate nanofiber membrane.

[0045] Preferably, the thickness of the first nanofiber membrane is greater than the thickness of the second nanofiber membrane. In some embodiments, step (3) is specifically: preparing a first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.4-0.7 mm by electrospinning, printing a liquid metal array on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, and pasting a second nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.05-0.15 mm to protect the liquid metal.

[0046] Another method for preparing a dynamic programmable surface of the present application comprises:

[0047] The 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate, graphene and benzil dimethyl ether are added into an organic solvent, stirred uniformly, then di-n-propylamine is added, sealed, stirred at room temperature, and fully reacted; the above reaction product (i.e. liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution) is poured into a syringe, and fixed on a syringe pump, the syringe is pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber is collected on a roller, and the liquid crystal elastomer fiber is further cross-linked and solidified under ultraviolet light to obtain a solidified liquid crystal elastomer fiber with infrared light response performance; the array of the liquid crystal elastomer fiber is arranged on the first nanofiber membrane to obtain an infrared light regulated deformable surface.

[0048] Specifically, the 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene and graphene are dissolved in an organic solvent to a final concentration of 0.2-0.25 g / mL and 0.4-0.6 mg / mL, respectively, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate are added in a molar ratio of 4.5-5.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group is 1.1-1.15:1; benzil dimethyl ether is added to a mass fraction of 1%-2%, and di-n-propylamine catalyst is added to a volume fraction of 0.3%-0.5%, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. The solidified liquid crystal elastomer fiber with infrared light response performance prepared can refer to the above examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0049] In an embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 different liquid crystal elastomer fiber arrays are arranged according to the liquid crystal elastomer fiber prepared above, i.e. a surface with different deformation capabilities is obtained; through a multi-channel controller, a two-dimensional surface digital controllable reversible three-dimensional deformation is realized.

[0050] In the above examples, each numerical range optionally includes one of the values, which will not be repeated here.

[0051] Example 1:

[0052] (1) The liquid crystal unit RM257 (1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene) is dissolved in DMF (N,N-dimethylacetamide) to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate are added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group is 1.1:1. Benzil dimethyl ether with a mass fraction of 1% and di-n-propylamine catalyst with a volume fraction of 0.4% are added, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. Alternatively

[0053] Liquid crystal unit RM257 and graphene were dissolved in DMF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 0.4 mg / mL, respectively, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoin dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0054] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe and fixed on a syringe pump, and the syringe was pushed. Because the boiling point of DMF was too high, the solvent could not be volatilized in time, and good shaped liquid crystal elastomer fiber could not be collected.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] (1) Liquid crystal unit RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 10:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoin dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. Alternatively

[0057] Liquid crystal unit RM257 and graphene were dissolved in DMF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 0.4 mg / mL, respectively, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 10:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoin dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0058] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe and fixed on a syringe pump, and the syringe was pushed. Because the content of crosslinking agent was not enough, the crosslinking degree of polymer was not enough, and the viscosity of the solution was too low, good shaped liquid crystal elastomer fiber could not be collected.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] (1) Liquid crystal unit RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 2:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoin dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. Alternatively

[0061] Liquid crystal cell RM257 and graphene were dissolved in DMF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL and 0.4 mg / mL, respectively. 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 2:1, and the molar ratio of double bonds to mercapto groups was 1.1:1. Catalysts of 1% benzoin dimethyl ether by mass fraction and 0.4% di-n-propylamine by volume fraction were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0062] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe, and the syringe was fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, but the liquid crystal elastomer fiber could not be smoothly extruded from the syringe pump due to the too high content of crosslinking agent and the too large crosslinking degree of the polymer.

[0063] Example 4:

[0064] (1) Liquid crystal cell RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL. 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 4.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bonds to mercapto groups was 1.1:1. Catalysts of 1% benzoin dimethyl ether by mass fraction and 0.4% di-n-propylamine by volume fraction were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. Alternatively

[0065] Liquid crystal cell RM257 and graphene were dissolved in DMF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL and 0.4 mg / mL, respectively. 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 4.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bonds to mercapto groups was 1.1:1. Catalysts of 1% benzoin dimethyl ether by mass fraction and 0.4% di-n-propylamine by volume fraction were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0066] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 0.5 mm, and the syringe was fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, and the liquid crystal elastomer fiber extruded was collected on a roller. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber was further crosslinked and solidified under ultraviolet light irradiation to fix the orientation of the liquid crystal cell. Since the diameter of the liquid crystal elastomer fiber was too small and the strength was low, the fiber was easily broken when taken off the roller, and it was difficult to bond to the fiber film.

[0067] Example 5:

[0068] (1) Liquid crystal cell RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL. 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bonds to mercapto groups was 1.1:1. Catalysts of 1% benzoin dimethyl ether by mass fraction and 0.4% di-n-propylamine by volume fraction were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0069] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) is poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm, and fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe is pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber is collected on a roller without UV light irradiation.

[0070] (3) A polyurethane nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm is prepared by electrospinning method, and a liquid metal array is printed on the surface of the membrane. A layer of nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm is attached to protect the liquid metal. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber on the collection roller is cut into fiber segments with the same length. The fiber segments are adhered to the first nanofiber membrane with a liquid metal array. Since the liquid crystal cell orientation is not fixed, the fiber cannot recover to the initial shape after cooling when the voltage is turned off, and the reversible regulation cannot be performed. Figure 2 Figure 3 is a stress-strain curve diagram of the liquid crystal elastomer fiber without further cross-linking.

[0071] Example 6:

[0072] (1) The liquid crystal cell RM257 is dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL. 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate are added in a molar ratio of 5.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group is 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoyl dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst are added, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0073] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) is poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm, and fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe is pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber is collected on a roller without UV light irradiation.

[0074] (3) A first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.2 mm (polyurethane nanofiber membrane is selected in this embodiment) is prepared by electrospinning method, and a liquid metal array is printed on the surface of the membrane. A layer of second nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm is attached to protect the liquid metal. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber on the collection roller is cut into fiber segments with the same length. The fiber segments are adhered to the first nanofiber membrane with a liquid metal array. Since the thickness of the first nanofiber membrane is too small and the strength is not enough, the liquid crystal elastomer will wrinkle when the voltage is applied to heat it, and the membrane shape cannot be maintained, resulting in an untransformable surface.

[0075] Example 7:

[0076] (1) Liquid crystal cell RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% by mass of benzoyl dimethyl ether and 0.4% by volume of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0077] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm, and fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber was collected on a roller. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber was further cross-linked and solidified under ultraviolet light, and the orientation of the liquid crystal cell was fixed.

[0078] (3) A first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 2 mm (polyurethane nanofiber membrane was selected in this embodiment) was prepared by electrospinning, and a liquid metal array was printed on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane. A second nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm was attached to the surface of the first nanofiber membrane to protect the liquid metal. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber collected on the roller was cut into fiber segments of the same length, and then adhered to the fiber membrane at the position where the liquid metal array was printed. Since the first nanofiber membrane has a large thickness and high strength, it cannot deform with the liquid crystal elastomer fiber when a voltage is applied to heat the liquid crystal elastomer, and a deformable surface cannot be obtained.

[0079] Example 8:

[0080] (1) Liquid crystal cell RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-l,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% by mass of benzoyl dimethyl ether and 0.4% by volume of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0081] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm, and fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber was collected on a roller. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber was further cross-linked and solidified under ultraviolet light, and the orientation of the liquid crystal cell was fixed.

[0082] (3) A first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm (polyurethane nanofiber membrane was selected in this embodiment) was prepared by electrospinning, and a liquid metal array was printed on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane. A second nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm was attached to the surface of the first nanofiber membrane to protect the liquid metal. Since the liquid metal is easily damaged due to oxidation, the circuit is disconnected.

[0083] Example 9:

[0084] (1) Liquid crystal cell RM257 was dissolved in THF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoyl dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0085] (2) The reaction product obtained in step (1) was poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm, and was fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber was collected on a roller. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber was further crosslinked and cured under ultraviolet light irradiation, and the liquid crystal cell orientation was fixed.

[0086] (3) A polyurethane nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared by electrospinning, and a liquid metal array was printed on the surface of the membrane. A layer of fiber membrane with a thickness of 0.1 mm was attached to protect the liquid metal. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber on the roller was cut into fiber segments of the same length. The fiber segments were adhered to the fiber membrane at the position of the liquid metal array, and a voltage-controlled deformable surface was obtained. Figure 5 The height of the protruding point of the voltage-controlled deformable surface at low voltage (1.1 V) changes with time.

[0087] Example 10:

[0088] Liquid crystal cell RM257 and graphene were dissolved in DMF to a final concentration of 0.2 g / mL and 0.5 mg / mL, respectively. 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate were added in a molar ratio of 5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group was 1.1:1. 1% mass fraction of benzoyl dimethyl ether and 0.4% volume fraction of di-n-propylamine catalyst were added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. The above reaction product was poured into a syringe, and was fixed on a syringe pump. The syringe was pushed, and the injected liquid crystal elastomer fiber was collected on a roller. The liquid crystal elastomer fiber was further crosslinked and cured under ultraviolet light irradiation, and a cured liquid crystal elastomer fiber with infrared light response performance was obtained. The fiber was arrayed on a polyurethane nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and an infrared light-controlled deformable surface was obtained.

[0089] It should be noted that in the above examples of the present application, within the scope of the steps, components, ratios and process parameters described in the present application, other different schemes obtained by specific selection can achieve the technical effects described in the present application, and therefore the present application will not be listed one by one.

[0090] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, but is not used to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0091] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design ideas and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present application and implement it, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, any equivalent change or modification made according to the disclosed principles and design ideas of the present application is within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of making a dynamically programmable surface, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy) benzoyloxy]-2-methyl benzene, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol, pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate and benzil dimethyl ether are added into an organic solvent, stirred uniformly, then di-n-propylamine is added, sealed, stirred at room temperature, and fully reacted to obtain a liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution; (2) Based on the liquid crystal elastomer precursor solution, a liquid crystal elastomer fiber is prepared by using a wet spinning technology, and the liquid crystal elastomer fiber is further cross-linked and solidified by ultraviolet light; (3) A liquid metal array is printed on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, and then a second nanofiber membrane is attached; the liquid crystal elastomer fiber on the collection roller is adhered to the first nanofiber membrane at the position coated with the liquid metal array to obtain a voltage-regulated deformable surface; The step (1) is specifically as follows: 1,4-bis-[4-(3-acryloyloxypropoxy) benzoyloxy]-2-methyl benzene is dissolved in an organic solvent to a final concentration of 0.2-0.25 g / mL, 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol and pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate are added in a molar ratio of 4.5-5.5:1, and the molar ratio of double bond and mercapto group is 1.1-1.15:1; benzil dimethyl ether is added to a mass fraction of 1%-2%, and di-n-propylamine catalyst is added to a volume fraction of 0.3%-0.5%, and the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 24 hours; The step (2) is specifically as follows: The reaction product in step (1) is poured into a syringe with a needle diameter of 0.9-1.1 mm, the syringe is placed on a syringe pump, then extruded at a pressure of 0.35 MPa and a speed of 1 mm / min, and collected on a roller, the roller rotates at a speed of 5 rpm, and further ultraviolet light is irradiated; The step (3) is specifically as follows: A first nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.4-0.7 mm is prepared by electrospinning, a liquid metal array is printed on the surface of the first nanofiber membrane, and a second nanofiber membrane with a thickness of 0.05-0.15 mm is attached to protect the liquid metal; The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran solvent THF.

2. A method of making a dynamically programmable surface according to claim 1, wherein, The first nanofiber membrane and the second nanofiber membrane are one of polyurethane nanofiber membrane, polylactic acid nanofiber membrane and polymethyl methacrylate nanofiber membrane.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic programmable surface is prepared by a process comprising: An ultraviolet curing device is further included, the ultraviolet curing device is a 365 nm curing lamp, and the ultraviolet light irradiation in the step (2) is realized.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic programmable surface is prepared by a process comprising: The applied voltage of the voltage-regulated deformable surface is 0.5-1.1 V.

5. A dynamically programmable surface prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the dynamically programmable surface is a voltage-regulated deformable surface.

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