Method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation

Abstract

This invention proposes a method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation. The method involves mixing loose plant-derived materials, peat moss or humus, Penicillium mycelium, and stearic acid with fresh livestock and poultry manure, followed by high-temperature sterilization, insecticidal treatment, and drying to obtain the non-fermented organic fertilizer. Compared to traditional composting, this invention significantly shortens production time, reduces land occupation, avoids odor pollution, and retains the organic matter in the manure. This method is applicable to various livestock and poultry manures, such as cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure, and is particularly suitable for increasing the plant height, diameter, and biomass of eggplant plants. Experimental results show that the non-fermented organic fertilizer can significantly improve the growth indicators of ryegrass and eggplant plants, such as plant height and biomass, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure processing methods, and in particular relates to a method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major livestock farming country. The livestock and poultry farming process generates up to 3.8 billion tons of manure annually, mainly composed of cow, chicken, and pig manure. Livestock and poultry manure is a significant source of pollution in agriculture and rural areas.

[0003] Organic fertilizer is the best fertilizer for planting. Due to my country's zero-growth policy on chemical fertilizers, the production of chemical fertilizers is restricted. Vigorously developing organic fertilizers is the main direction for promoting my country's agricultural development.

[0004] All animal manure contains infectious pathogens such as bacteria and roundworm eggs. Due to the prevalence of intensive farming in modern agriculture, antibiotics are widely used to prevent infectious diseases, leading to the widespread presence of drug-resistant strains in animal manure. Preventing the transmission of these resistant strains to humans is a crucial goal in controlling livestock manure pollution. The best way to prevent livestock manure from polluting the environment is to process it into organic fertilizer for use in agriculture. This method not only solves the problem of manure pollution but also transforms it into valuable organic fertilizer for green agricultural planting. Composting is the primary method for producing organic fertilizer from manure, followed by fermentation or direct application. However, composting takes a long time, generally 1-2 months. Furthermore, composting requires a large area and releases odors, becoming a significant limiting factor in environmental impact assessments and a major reason for complaints from nearby residents about organic fertilizer plants. The complex process results in high prices for organic fertilizer, hindering its widespread use. Fermentation of manure also takes a long time and has poor sterilization and insecticidal effects, resulting in low processing efficiency.

[0005] As large-scale centralized farming increasingly becomes the mainstream model in my country's livestock industry, the large and concentrated output of manure and the more complex treatment process further exacerbate the difficulty of livestock and poultry manure treatment, becoming an important factor restricting the development of the livestock industry.

[0006] Applying livestock and poultry manure directly to the field is one method of utilization, and it is used in certain specific situations. However, livestock and poultry manure contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and roundworm eggs. If not treated or treated improperly, these microorganisms and roundworm eggs can spread in the environment, endangering human health. Furthermore, direct application of unfermented livestock and poultry manure can cause root burn in crops, leading to crop death or losses. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that traditional methods of treating livestock and poultry manure to produce organic fertilizer mainly employ composting and fermentation. This method suffers from drawbacks such as long processing time (generally 1-2 months), large land area requirements, odor pollution, significant reduction in organic matter content, and unstable product quality. Furthermore, while directly returning livestock and poultry manure to the fields is a viable method, it contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and roundworm eggs, and improper handling can lead to environmental transmission and crop root burn. Therefore, this invention aims to provide a method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation, thereby overcoming the aforementioned problems in the existing technology.

[0008] The present invention is implemented using the following technical solution.

[0009] A method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation includes the following steps: a composite additive consisting of loose plant-derived materials, peat moss or humus, Penicillium mycelium and stearic acid is mixed evenly with fresh livestock and poultry manure in a certain proportion (by mass), then subjected to high-temperature sterilization and insecticidal treatment, then dried at high temperature until the moisture content is below 10%, and finally cooled and packaged to obtain the organic fertilizer without fermentation.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of loose material added according to the present invention is 10-30% (by mass) of the fecal raw material, preferably 15-25%.

[0011] Furthermore, the amount of peat or humus added in this invention is 5-30% (by mass) of the manure raw material, preferably 10-20%.

[0012] Furthermore, the amount of Penicillium mycelium added according to the present invention is 0.1-10% (by mass) of the fecal raw material, preferably 0.5-5%.

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of stearic acid added in this invention is 0.1-10% (by mass) of the fecal raw material, preferably 0.5-5%.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-temperature sterilization and insecticidal treatment described in this invention is carried out in a sealed, heatable container at 120°C for 30 minutes to 2 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, the high-temperature drying described in this invention is carried out at 100-120°C using a spiral dryer until the product moisture content reaches below 10%.

[0016] Furthermore, the loose plant-derived material described in this invention is at least one of fermented pine needles, edible fungi residue, and fermented peanut shells.

[0017] Furthermore, the livestock and poultry manure mentioned in this invention is at least one of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure.

[0018] The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to this invention is used to improve the germination rate, plant height, or biomass of ryegrass seeds.

[0019] The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation as described in this invention relates to the application of the non-fermented organic fertilizer in increasing the plant height, diameter, or biomass of eggplant plants.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. It can complete the treatment of manure in 2-3 hours. Compared with traditional composting, which takes up to 1-2 months, this technology only takes 2-3 hours for the entire production process, shortening the production time and improving production efficiency. At the same time, due to the shortened production time, it does not require a large storage yard and processing workshop, which can significantly reduce the land area occupied during manure treatment.

[0022] 2. Feces generally contain high levels of nitrogen, as well as a large amount of nitrogen-containing organic matter. During composting, this excess nitrogen is converted into ammonia and released into the air; sulfur compounds are converted into H2S. These gases have a very unpleasant odor and are the main source of air pollution from composting production. This product, however, does not undergo a fermentation process, thus avoiding the environmental pollution caused by ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced during fermentation.

[0023] 3. During composting, the organic matter in the raw materials undergoes intense degradation, resulting in a significant loss of organic matter content. Simultaneously, the degradation of nitrogenous compounds releases large amounts of ammonia, a major source of environmental pollution. Ammonia is also the most important source of nitrogen for plants, and the large release of ammonia significantly reduces the nutritional value of the manure. This technology, however, eliminates the fermentation process, ensuring the complete preservation of organic matter in the manure and greatly reducing the loss of raw materials caused by fermentation. This organic matter can then undergo slow fermentation in the field, significantly increasing soil biological activity.

[0024] 4. Because the products produced by this technology have very low moisture content, the product quality is very stable and the shelf life is longer; while compost products, due to their moisture content of 20-30%, will continue to ferment, leading to changes in product quality and weight reduction.

[0025] 5. Wide product adaptability. This method can be used to treat pig manure, cow manure, and chicken manure.

[0026] 6. This product is particularly suitable for applications involving germination rate, plant height, or biomass of ryegrass seeds.

[0027] 7. The product is especially suitable for increasing the survival rate of transplanted eggplant plants, or increasing plant height, diameter, or biomass.

[0028] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The images show the germination of the product before and after treatment with fresh chicken manure.

[0030] Figure 2 The graph shows the effect of different treatments on the plant height of ryegrass; Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between different treatments at the same harvest. CK: no fertilization; N: urea application; S: application of commercially prepared well-rotted chicken manure; M: application of unfermented chicken manure. Treatment effect on plant height: unfermented chicken manure > urea fertilizer > well-rotted chicken manure.

[0031] Figure 3 The effect of different treatments on the fresh weight (left) and dry weight (right) of ryegrass; Note: Different lowercase letters between different treatments at the same harvest indicate significant differences (P < 0.05); CK: no fertilization; N: urea application; S: application of commercially decomposed chicken manure; M: application of unfermented chicken manure. Biomass effect of treatments: unfermented chicken manure > urea fertilizer > decomposed chicken manure.

[0032] Figure 4 Figures showing the growth of ryegrass after various chicken manure treatments;

[0033] Figure 5 Figure 1 shows the survival rate of eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure; ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure, all treatment groups survived normally.

[0034] Figure 6 The image shows the plant height of eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure. Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05); ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer application + non-fermented chicken manure. Compared with the ck treatment, the m treatment showed a significant increase in plant height.

[0035] Figure 7 The diameter circumference of eggplant plants treated with non-fermented chicken manure was measured. ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer application + non-fermented chicken manure. Compared to the ck treatment, the diameter circumference of the m treatment (25% reduction in chemical fertilizer application + non-fermented chicken manure) was significantly increased. Note: Different lowercase letters between treatments indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0036] Figure 8 The biomass of eggplant plants was determined by the application of non-fermented chicken manure. ck: conventional fertilization; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure; the 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer + non-fermented chicken manure treatment significantly increased the biomass of eggplant plants. Note: Different lowercase letters between treatments indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0037] Figure 9The growth status of potted eggplant plants treated with unfermented chicken manure is shown. ck: conventional fertilization, with many lesions on the leaves; m: 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer application + unfermented chicken manure. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following embodiments are only a part of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit all the technical solutions of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to further explain and illustrate the details of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0039] The following are the experimental results of the product developed using chicken manure as raw material and the present invention.

[0040] Germination rate determination of unfermented chicken manure: After the unfermented chicken manure is prepared according to the above method, weigh 50g each of fresh dry chicken manure and unfermented chicken manure into disposable paper cups. Make holes in the bottom of the paper cups (for ventilation). Set up three replicates for each group. Incubate at room temperature for about one week, and then count the germination rate of ryegrass seeds.

[0041] 1. The effect of unfermented chicken manure on the growth of ryegrass

[0042] The experiment included four fertilization programs: a control group (CK) without fertilization and three fertilized treatments. The three treatments were: urea (N); commercially prepared well-rotted chicken manure (S); and unfermented chicken manure (M). Each group was planted with 20g (800 seeds) of tetraploid ryegrass seeds, and each experimental group had three replicates. Before planting, the unfermented chicken manure, fully decomposed commercial organic fertilizer, and urea were mixed into the soil. After planting, the soil was thoroughly irrigated. Harvesting was done monthly, leaving a stubble of 5-10cm to ensure normal subsequent growth of the ryegrass. Fertilizer application rates are shown in the table below.

[0043] Table 1. Fertilizer application rates for each treatment group

[0044]

[0045] Ryegrass was harvested and recorded every 30 days, for a total of three harvests. A top dressing was applied after the first harvest, with the same amount of fertilizer as the first harvest. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 was used to organize the data, and SPSS software was used for significance analysis (P < 0.05). Origin Pro 2021 software was used to create charts and graphs.

[0046] In fresh chicken manure, the average germination rate of seeds is 0. After non-fermentation treatment, the average germination rate of seeds in non-fermented chicken manure reaches more than 95% (Table 2), and it can effectively promote the growth of ryegrass.

[0047] Table 2 Germination rate of ryegrass on chicken manure under different treatments

[0048]

[0049] 2. The effect of unfermented chicken manure on the plant height of ryegrass

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, except for treatment S, all other fertilization treatments significantly increased the plant height of ryegrass compared to treatment CK. Treatment S had a less pronounced effect on promoting ryegrass growth than treatment N. At the first harvest, the average plant height of group M reached 64 cm, showing a significant difference compared to treatments S and N. At the second harvest, treatment M showed a significant difference in plant height compared to other treatments, with an average plant height of 57.3 cm, while treatment S did not show a significant difference in plant height compared to the unfertilized treatment CK. At the third harvest, treatment M showed a significant difference in plant height compared to other groups, with a plant height of 54.3 cm. This indicates that unfermented chicken manure had the most significant effect on ryegrass plant height, and its application was superior to urea fertilizer and well-rotted chicken manure.

[0051] 3. The effect of unfermented chicken manure on ryegrass biomass

[0052] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, except for treatment S, all other fertilization treatments significantly increased the fresh weight of ryegrass compared to the no-fertilization treatment. Treatment S contributed the least to the biomass of ryegrass, with an effect less than treatment N. At the first harvest, the average fresh weight of group M reached 413.06 g, and the difference between it and treatments S and N was significant. At the second harvest, treatment M still showed a significant difference in fresh weight compared to other treatments, with an average fresh weight of 285.16 g, while the effect of treatment S (composted chicken manure) was moderate, with no significant difference compared to treatment N. At the third harvest, treatment M showed a significant difference in plant height compared to other groups, and treatment M still had the highest fresh weight, at 214.13 g. The effects of different treatments on the dry weight of ryegrass were similar to those on the fresh weight. This indicates that unfermented chicken manure has the most significant effect on the biomass of ryegrass and its application is the most effective.

[0053] 4. The effect of applying unfermented chicken manure on the survival rate of transplanted eggplant plants.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the transplant survival rate of eggplant plants in the ck (control group) treatment was 67%, while the transplant survival rate in the m (experimental group) was 100%. This indicates that the reduced application of chemical fertilizers and the use of unfermented chicken manure fertilizer will not have an adverse effect on crop growth.

[0055] 5. Effects of applying unfermented chicken manure on eggplant plant height

[0056] Depend on Figure 6It can be seen that, compared with the CK treatment, the M treatment can promote plant growth and has a significant promoting effect on plant height. The eggplant plants have the highest plant height, with an average plant height of 28cm, and its contribution to plant height is greater than that of the CK treatment. It is evident that the effect of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and applying non-fermented chicken manure fertilizer is better than applying chemical fertilizer alone.

[0057] 6. Effects of applying unfermented chicken manure on the diameter and girth of eggplant plants

[0058] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that, compared with the CK treatment, the M treatment can promote plant growth and increase plant diameter, with an average diameter of 3.5 cm. The diameter is significantly larger than that of the CK treatment, indicating that the unfermented chicken manure has a significant effect on promoting plant growth and has a good application effect.

[0059] 7. Effects of applying unfermented chicken manure on eggplant plant biomass

[0060] like Figure 8 As shown, compared to the CK treatment, the m treatment had the greatest impact on eggplant plant biomass, effectively increasing it. The m treatment significantly increased the aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, and underground fresh and dry weight of eggplant plants, and its contribution to plant biomass was significant. This indicates that the application of unfermented chicken manure fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on plant growth, while the application of fresh chicken manure has a generally limited effect.

[0061] Example:

[0062] Example 1. Collect 10 kg of fresh cow dung, add 1 kg of crushed edible fungus residue, 1 kg of peat soil, 100 g of Penicillium mycelium, and 50 g of stearic acid. Mix thoroughly with the fresh cow dung and stir evenly. Place in a 120°C high-temperature heating furnace and heat while stirring. After maintaining the constant temperature for 30 minutes, put it into a spiral dryer and dry at 120°C to constant weight. After cooling, formulate, weigh, and package to obtain non-fermented organic fertilizer.

[0063] The subsequent use and storage methods for this fertilizer are the same as for other organic fertilizers.

[0064] Example 2. Collect 100kg of chicken manure, add 30kg of edible fungus residue, 5kg of humus, 10kg of Penicillium mycelium, and 5kg of stearic acid. Mix the mixture with fresh chicken manure, and place it in a high-temperature rotary heating box at 120℃ for 30 minutes. Then, transfer it to a spiral dryer and dry it at high temperature until the moisture content is 8%. After cooling, it becomes a non-fermented organic fertilizer.

[0065] The subsequent use and storage methods for this fertilizer are the same as for other organic fertilizers.

[0066] Example 3. Collect 100kg of pig manure, add 10kg of fermented pine needle powder, 30kg of peat soil, 1kg of Penicillium mycelium and 1kg of stearic acid, mix evenly with fresh pig manure, place in a high-temperature heating box and heat for 30 minutes, then dry in a high-temperature dryer until the moisture content is 7%. After cooling, mix, weigh and package to obtain non-fermented organic fertilizer.

[0067] The subsequent use and storage methods for this fertilizer are the same as for other organic fertilizers.

[0068] The key features of this technology are:

[0069] 1. It can directly process fresh livestock and poultry manure without prior drying or other treatment;

[0070] 2. A certain proportion of loosening materials, such as edible mushroom residue, fermented pine needles, and fermented peanut shells, needs to be added to the fresh feces to increase the product's looseness, solve the problem of excessive stickiness in the feces, facilitate heat penetration during heating, and also promote the uniform mixing of other ingredients. Specific materials that can be selected include: mushroom residue, fermented peanut shells, and fermented pine needles, with an addition amount of 10-30% of the raw feces.

[0071] 3. Some active ingredients need to be added, such as peat moss or humus, Penicillium mycelium residue (commercially available), and stearic acid. These materials, when mixed together, can effectively prevent root burn caused by unfermented fresh manure, improve the germination rate of the product, and eliminate the toxicity of raw manure. The specific amounts added are: peat moss or humus at 5-30% of the manure raw material, Penicillium mycelium at 0.1-10% of the manure raw material, and stearic acid at 0.1-10% of the manure raw material.

[0072] 4. In a sealed, heatable container, heating at 120°C for 30 minutes to 2 hours can kill pathogens and roundworm eggs in feces, thus solving the problem of the spread of pathogens in the product in the environment.

[0073] 5. High-temperature drying: The product is dried to a moisture content of less than 10% in a spiral dryer at 100-120℃. This step is also a key technical step in significantly reducing the root burn problem of organic fertilizer products.

[0074] After these technical steps, fresh livestock and poultry manure, without fermentation, can achieve the same effects as fermented manure organic fertilizer: no root burn, no roundworm eggs or pathogens, and high germination rate. The products produced using this invention can be used directly as organic fertilizer, or mixed with other ingredients to create various formulated organic fertilizers.

[0075] The above descriptions are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention (since the present invention encompasses numerical ranges, the embodiments cannot be exhaustive; the scope of protection described in the present invention includes the numerical range and other technical aspects of the present invention). Specific content or common knowledge known in the solutions is not described in detail here (including but not limited to abbreviations, acronyms, and units conventionally used in the art). It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer is used to improve the germination rate, plant height, or biomass of ryegrass seeds, or to increase the transplant survival rate, plant height, diameter, or biomass of eggplant plants. The production method of the organic fertilizer includes the following steps: a composite additive consisting of loose plant source material, peat soil or humus, Penicillium mycelium and stearic acid is mixed with fresh livestock and poultry manure in a certain proportion, then subjected to high-temperature sterilization and insecticidal treatment, then dried at high temperature until the moisture content is below 10%, and finally cooled to obtain non-fermented organic fertilizer. The amount of loose plant-derived material added is 10-30% of the mass of the fecal raw material; The amount of peat or humus added is 5-30% of the mass of the manure raw material; The amount of Penicillium mycelium added is 0.1-10% of the mass of the fecal raw material; The amount of stearic acid added is 0.1-10% of the mass of the fecal raw material; The high-temperature sterilization and insecticidal treatment is carried out in a sealed, heatable container at 120°C for 30 minutes to 2 hours. The high-temperature drying is carried out at 100-120℃ using a spiral dryer until the product moisture content reaches below 10%.

2. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of loose plant-derived material added is 15-25% of the mass of the manure raw material.

3. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of peat or humus added is 10-20% of the mass of the manure raw material.

4. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of Penicillium mycelium added is 0.5-5% of the mass of the fecal raw material.

5. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of stearic acid added is 0.5-5% of the mass of the fecal raw material.

6. The method for producing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure without fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loose plant-derived material is at least one of fermented pine needles, edible fungi residue, and fermented peanut shells; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure.

Images