Composite supporting system for deep shaft

Abstract

The invention provides a deep shaft composite supporting system which comprises a shaft side shaping device which is movably arranged in the height direction of a shaft and used for constructing the shaft wall of the shaft into a preset conical shaft side structure, and the conical shaft side structure comprises a plurality of conical bearing ring structures; the conical bearing ring structures are adjacently arranged in the height direction of the vertical shaft; the primary supporting structure comprises a plurality of conical segment rings, the conical segment rings are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the vertical shaft, the conical segment rings and the conical bearing ring structures are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, all the conical segment rings are located in the corresponding conical bearing ring structures, and the outer walls of the conical segment rings abut against the inner walls of the corresponding conical bearing ring structures; therefore, the conical bearing ring structures bear the corresponding conical segment rings. The problem that in the prior art, supporting operation directly affects the overall construction efficiency of the vertical shaft heading machine, and consequently the construction efficiency is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of support structure design, and in particular to a deep shaft composite support system. Background Art

[0002] One side effect of the high-quality shaft wall (smooth surface and precise size) obtained by mechanical excavation is that the smooth shaft wall formed by mechanical excavation will greatly reduce the friction resistance between the shaft wall support structure and the shaft wall after forming, which makes it easy for the formed shaft wall to slip as a whole. Whether it is a molded support shaft wall or a shotcrete shaft wall, the above problem exists.

[0003] Conventional responses to the above problems include radial anchor bolts + hanging nets and setting up wall seats. Anchor bolt construction is subject to many restrictions in the vertical shaft field. For example, anchor bolts in frozen strata are prone to damage frozen pipes, causing major safety accidents; the wall seat construction process is complicated, especially the multi-layer shaft wall requires complex reinforcement and support steel cages, and the frequent construction of wall seats seriously restricts the efficiency of mechanized shaft construction. In the vast central and western regions of my country, deep shafts are widely used to assist in construction with freezing methods. In the process of promoting the mechanization of deep shafts (shaft boring machines), the existing molded cast-in-place support process requires a long time to wait for concrete consolidation during construction, which seriously restricts the operating efficiency of the support process. The support operation directly affects the overall efficiency of the shaft boring machine construction. Therefore, studying a new deep shaft support structure and process that matches the high speed of mechanized excavation of shaft boring machines is a major industry problem to solve the current and future mechanized rapid shaft construction of deep shafts. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a deep shaft composite support system to solve the problem in the prior art that the support operation directly affects the overall efficiency of the shaft boring machine construction, resulting in low construction efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, a deep shaft composite support system is provided, comprising: a shaft wall shaping device, which is movably arranged along the height direction of the shaft, and is used to construct the shaft wall of the shaft into a preset conical shaft wall structure, and the conical shaft wall structure includes a plurality of conical bearing ring structures, and the plurality of conical bearing ring structures are adjacently arranged along the height direction of the shaft; a composite support structure, the composite support structure includes a primary support structure, and the primary support structure includes a plurality of conical segment rings, and the plurality of conical segment rings are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the shaft, and the plurality of conical segment rings are arranged one-to-one with the plurality of conical bearing ring structures, and each conical segment ring is located in the corresponding conical bearing ring structure, and the outer wall of the conical segment ring abuts against the inner wall of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure, so that the conical bearing ring structure carries the corresponding conical segment ring.

[0006] Furthermore, the taper of each conical segment ring is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure.

[0007] Furthermore, along the height direction of the shaft, two adjacent conical segment rings are connected via a connecting section structure, so that a plurality of conical segment rings are connected to form an integrated structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the conical segment ring includes a plurality of split segments, which are arranged at a high level, and are connected along the circumference of the conical segment ring to form a conical segment ring. The outer side surface of each split segment has a taper, and the taper of the outer side surface of each split segment is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure.

[0009] Furthermore, at least part of the split segments are irregularly arranged along the circumferential side contour of the conical segment ring; along the circumference of the conical segment ring, the side of each conical segment ring along the circumference of the conical segment ring is adaptively arranged with the side structure of the adjacent conical segment ring.

[0010] Furthermore, along the circumferential direction of the conical segment ring, segment annular gaps are formed between the mutually contacting annular side surfaces of adjacent conical segment rings, and sealing rings are arranged in the segment annular gaps.

[0011] Furthermore, the connecting section structure includes an arc-shaped steel plate, and along the height direction of the shaft, two ends of the arc-shaped steel plate are respectively connected to two conical segment rings.

[0012] Furthermore, the composite support structure includes a secondary lining support, and casting holes are arranged on the arc-shaped steel plate, and the casting holes are used to pour concrete into the inner side of the primary support structure to form a secondary lining support.

[0013] Furthermore, the conical supporting ring structure includes a main bevel and an auxiliary bevel, the taper of the main bevel is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring, the main bevel is located at the top of the auxiliary bevel, wherein the inner diameter of the top of the main bevel is equal to the inner diameter of the bottom of the auxiliary bevel, and the inner diameter of the top of the main bevel is larger than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main bevel and the auxiliary bevel.

[0014] Furthermore, the conical supporting ring structure includes a main bevel and an auxiliary bevel, the taper of the main bevel is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring, and the main bevel is located at the bottom of the auxiliary bevel, wherein the inner diameter of the bottom of the main bevel is equal to the inner diameter of the top of the auxiliary bevel, and the inner diameter of the bottom of the main bevel is smaller than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main bevel and the auxiliary bevel.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the well wall is shaped into a plurality of conical bearing ring structures, and the conical bearing ring structures are used to bear the corresponding conical segment rings. The deadweight of the conical segment rings will naturally exert a certain supporting force on the conical bearing ring structures, thereby stabilizing the well wall and forming an initial prestressed support. The conical bearing ring structure and the matching conical segment rings are used to establish the initial support. The conical segment rings can automatically center on the conical well wall and press the well wall. The initial prestress is established on the well wall after excavation by relying on the deadweight of the segments. There is no need for the long waiting time for concrete solidification in the traditional underground casting process. The support structure can be established quickly and with high quality. Mature mechanized installation equipment can be used for construction, truly achieving the goal of fast, high-quality well construction with fewer people. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 The figure shows the original shaft (shaft side) state after the shaft boring machine excavates;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a conical carrying ring structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a conical carrying ring structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram showing an embodiment of a conical segment ring after installation according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention showing a state where two conical segment rings are installed;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a composite supporting structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 It shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the first embodiment after the adjacent conical segment rings and the arc-shaped steel plates are installed according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the second embodiment of the present invention after adjacent conical segment rings and arc-shaped steel plates are installed;

[0025] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an embodiment of a general block according to the present invention is shown;

[0026] Fig.10 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a capping block according to the present invention is shown;

[0027] Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a curved steel plate according to the present invention is shown;

[0028] Fig.12 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the left block according to the present invention is shown.

[0029] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Unshaped shaft wall; 2. Rock layer; 3. Shaft boring machine; 4. Conical bearing ring structure; 5. Conical segment ring; 51. Universal block; 53. Arc steel plate joint; 54. Segment ring joint; 56. Capping block; 57. Left side block; 6. Third layer support; 7. Connection section structure; 8. Stud; 9. Nut; 10. Arc steel plate;

[0031] 102. Casting hole;

[0032] 12. Secondary lining support;

[0033] 41. Main slope; 42. Auxiliary slope;

[0034] 544. Split segment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0038] Now, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in a variety of different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the concepts of these exemplary embodiments to those of ordinary skill in the art. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the thickness of the layers and regions may be enlarged, and the same reference numerals are used to represent the same devices, and thus their descriptions will be omitted.

[0039] The main processes of shaft construction include excavation (digging), support (support), and slag removal (transportation). Any improvement and innovation in these three processes can improve the efficiency and safety of shaft construction. Shaft boring machines are a new generation of shaft construction technology that has emerged in recent years and represent the future development direction of deep shaft technology. Shaft boring machines use cutter heads or cutting heads to excavate shafts. Compared with traditional drilling and blasting methods, they have the advantages of high efficiency, small disturbance of surrounding rocks, and high shaft wall quality. However, a side effect of the high-quality shaft wall (smooth surface and precise size) obtained by mechanized excavation is that the smooth shaft wall formed by mechanical excavation will greatly reduce the friction resistance between the shaft wall support structure and the shaft wall after forming, making it easy for the formed shaft wall to slip as a whole. Whether it is a molded support shaft wall or a shotcrete shaft wall, the above problems exist.

[0040] Conventional responses to the above problems include radial anchor bolts + hanging nets and setting up wall seats. Anchor bolt construction is subject to many restrictions in the vertical shaft field. For example, anchor bolts in frozen strata are prone to damage frozen pipes, causing major safety accidents; the wall seat construction process is complicated, especially the multi-layer shaft wall requires complex reinforcement and support steel cages, and the frequent construction of wall seats seriously restricts the efficiency of mechanized shaft construction. In the vast central and western regions of my country, deep shafts are widely used to assist in construction with freezing methods. In the process of promoting the mechanization of deep shafts (shaft boring machines), the existing molded cast-in-place support process requires a long time to wait for concrete consolidation during construction, which seriously restricts the operating efficiency of the support process. The support operation directly affects the overall efficiency of the shaft boring machine construction. Therefore, studying a new deep shaft support structure and process that matches the high speed of mechanized excavation of shaft boring machines is a major industry problem to solve the current and future mechanized rapid shaft construction of deep shafts.

[0041] The use of prefabricated support structures eliminates the need for underground cast-in-place concrete operations, greatly improving support efficiency and quality. This is also the commonly used support structure and process for subway tunnels. However, for the reasons mentioned above, traditional prefabricated structures (such as segmented reinforced concrete segments) used in vertical shafts often require a large number of radial anchors to provide support to prevent slipping along the smooth shaft wall; this increases the workload, and more importantly, the vast western regions of my country mostly use the freezing method to assist in well drilling, and anchors constructed in frozen shafts are very likely to penetrate and damage frozen pipes, causing major accidents. In order to support the heavy prefabricated segments, support wall seats are often required to be set at a certain distance in the shaft, and the construction of the wall seats is more complicated, further affecting the overall speed.

[0042] Combination Figures 1 to 12 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of the present application, a deep vertical shaft composite support system is provided, including: a shaft wall shaping device, the shaft wall shaping device is movably arranged along the height direction of the shaft, the shaft wall shaping device is used to construct the shaft wall of the shaft into a preset conical shaft wall structure, the conical shaft wall structure includes a plurality of conical bearing ring structures 4, and the plurality of conical bearing ring structures 4 are adjacently arranged along the height direction of the shaft; a composite support structure, the composite support structure includes a primary support structure, the primary support structure includes a plurality of conical segment rings 5, the plurality of conical segment rings 5 ​​are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the shaft, the plurality of conical segment rings 5 ​​are arranged one-to-one with the plurality of conical bearing ring structures 4, each conical segment ring 5 is located in the corresponding conical bearing ring structure 4, the outer wall of the conical segment ring 5 abuts against the inner wall of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure 4, so that the conical bearing ring structure 4 carries the corresponding conical segment ring 5.

[0043] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the well side (well wall) is shaped into a plurality of conical bearing ring structures 4, and the conical bearing ring structures 4 are used to bear the corresponding conical segment rings 5. The self-weight of the conical segment rings 5 ​​will naturally exert a certain supporting force on the conical bearing ring structure 4, thereby stabilizing the well side and forming an initial prestressed support. The conical bearing ring structure 4 and the matching conical segment rings 5 ​​are used to establish the initial support. The conical segment rings can automatically center on the conical well side and press the well side. The initial prestress is established on the well side after excavation by relying on the self-weight of the segments. There is no need for the traditional underground casting process to wait for the long time for concrete to solidify. The support structure is established quickly and with high quality, and mature mechanized installation equipment can be used for construction, truly achieving the goal of building wells with fewer people, faster, and higher quality. This application solves the problem of inefficiency in the support process that restricts the construction of deep shafts by shaft boring machines, and at the same time solves the problem of anti-slip and falling faced by prefabricated segments used in deep shaft support structures.

[0044] The conical shaft wall structure includes multiple conical bearing ring structures, which are arranged adjacent to each other along the height direction of the shaft. This design enables the shaft to better adapt to geological changes during construction, improves the safety and stability of construction, and is particularly suitable for shaft construction under deep and complex geological conditions. By designing the shaft wall as a conical structure, the lateral pressure on the rock and soil during construction can be effectively reduced. At the same time, the conical bearing ring structure can better disperse the load, avoid local stress concentration, and improve the overall stability of the shaft. In fields such as mining, underground engineering, and water conservancy projects that require deep shafts, this support system can significantly improve construction efficiency and safety and reduce potential geological disaster risks.

[0045] Furthermore, the taper of each conical segment ring 5 is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure 4 .

[0046] This taper matching design ensures a close fit between the segment and the shaft wall, effectively preventing the intrusion of groundwater and soil, and enhancing the sealing and bearing capacity of the support structure. By precisely controlling the taper matching between the segment ring and the bearing ring structure, it not only improves the sealing performance of the support structure and prevents groundwater infiltration, but also ensures that the segment ring can be evenly stressed and enhances its bearing capacity. In a geological environment with abundant groundwater and soft soil, this design can effectively avoid the failure of the support structure caused by groundwater and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the shaft.

[0047] Furthermore, along the height direction of the shaft, two adjacent conical segment rings 5 ​​are connected via a connecting section structure, so that a plurality of conical segment rings 5 ​​are connected to form an integrated structure.

[0048] This connection method not only enhances the integrity of the support structure, but also improves construction efficiency, reduces the displacement between the segment rings during construction, and ensures the verticality and stability of the shaft. The setting of the connection section structure, such as the use of curved steel plates, not only strengthens the connection between the segment rings and improves the rigidity and stability of the overall structure, but also facilitates construction operations, reduces construction errors caused by segment ring displacement, and ensures the precise verticality of the shaft, which is crucial for the long-term use and maintenance of deep shafts.

[0049] Furthermore, the conical segment ring 5 includes a plurality of split segments 544, which are arranged in a highly flush manner, and are connected along the circumference of the conical segment ring 5 to form the conical segment ring 5. The outer side surface of each split segment 544 has a taper, and the taper of the outer side surface of each split segment 544 is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure 4.

[0050] The split segment design facilitates transportation and installation, while the matching of the taper ensures a stable connection between the segment ring and the bearing ring structure, making it suitable for shaft construction of various diameters. The split segment design allows the segment ring to be quickly assembled on site, greatly improving the construction speed and reducing transportation costs. At the same time, this design can adapt to the construction needs of shafts of different diameters, improve the applicability and flexibility of the support system, and is suitable for shaft construction in different scenarios such as urban subways, tunnels, and mines.

[0051] Combination Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.12 As shown, each ring segment is composed of multiple conical segments assembled and combined, and each ring segment includes at least four types of segment blocks, namely, general block 51, left block 57, right block, and capping block 56. A sealing ring is provided on the annular side of each segment that contacts each other. Bolts are used to connect and tighten the sealing rings around the segments to seal the segment joints.

[0052] like Fig. 9 As shown. The circumferential width of the upper and lower end faces of the universal block is the same. The end faces are provided with equally spaced bosses along the arc direction (circumferential direction) of the segment. The boss spacing distance can be adjusted according to the segment thickness and support strength requirements; equally spaced threaded holes are provided near the upper and lower end faces. The threaded holes are blind holes, and the upper and lower rows of threaded holes are aligned longitudinally along the segment; a lifting hole is provided at the center of the segment or close to its geometric center for the robot to grab the segment; annular bolt holes are provided on the inner side of the segment near the two annular side faces, and the number of holes provided on each side face is not less than 2; longitudinally arranged sealing strips are provided on the two annular side faces of the segment.

[0053] like Fig.10The capping block is shown. The circumferential widths of the upper and lower end faces of the capping block are different, and the end faces are also provided with equally spaced bosses along the arc direction (circumferential direction) of the pipe segment; the capping block is symmetrical along the longitudinal center line; other structural settings are similar to those of the general block.

[0054] like Fig.12 The left block is shown. The circumferential widths of the upper and lower end faces of the left block are different, and the inclination angles of the circumferential end faces on both sides are different. One circumferential end face contacts and cooperates with the circumferential end face of the universal block, and the other circumferential end face contacts and cooperates with the circumferential end face of the capping block; the end face is also provided with equally spaced bosses along the arc direction (circumferential direction) of the pipe segment; other structural settings are similar to those of the universal block.

[0055] All types of segments have the same cross-sectional shape and size, with a wide upper end face and a narrow lower end face. The inner wall of the segment is perpendicular to the upper and lower end faces, and the outer wall of the segment intersects with the upper and lower end faces at an inclined angle. There is a taper angle N between the outer wall of the segment and the inner wall of the segment. A number of air holes connecting the two surfaces are arranged between the lower end face of the segment and the inner wall of the segment. The air holes can be connected by straight pipe intersection, or by inclined holes or arc holes. Regardless of the hole arrangement method, the lower end face of the segment is required to be connected with the inner wall of the segment. The outlet position distance R of the hole on the inner wall of the segment should exceed the boundary after the upper and lower arc steel plates are installed, that is, the inner wall outlet of the hole shall not be blocked by the arc steel plate, and the number of inclined holes arranged on each segment shall not be less than 2.

[0056] The shaft wall (also called shaft side) is excavated by mechanized means, preferably using a full-face cutter head or cutting arm of a shaft boring machine. Figure 1 This is the original state of the shaft excavated by the shaft boring machine. The shaft wall is smooth and vertically downward. Figure 1 An unrepaired shaft wall 1 , a rock formation 2 and a shaft boring machine 3 are shown.

[0057] A special shaping cutterhead or device is used to shape the original well side of the excavation. The shaping shape (i.e., the conical bearing ring structure) is composed of two parts: a main inclined surface 41 and an auxiliary inclined surface 42, each of which is a conical surface;

[0058] Furthermore, at least part of the split segments 544 are arranged irregularly along the circumferential side profile of the conical segment ring 5; along the circumferential direction of the conical segment ring 5, the circumferential side of each conical segment ring 5 is arranged to be adaptively matched with the side structure of the adjacent conical segment ring 5. This design can significantly enhance the stability of the shaft support structure, so that multiple conical segment rings 5 ​​are directly connected to each other.

[0059] Furthermore, along the circumference of the conical segment ring 5, the adjacent conical segment rings 5 ​​contact each other in the circumferential direction to form segment annular gaps, and sealing rings are arranged in the segment annular gaps. The arrangement of the sealing rings effectively prevents the intrusion of groundwater and soil, and improves the sealing performance of the support structure.

[0060] Furthermore, the connection section structure includes an arc-shaped steel plate 10, and the two ends of the arc-shaped steel plate 10 are respectively connected to two conical segment rings 5 ​​along the height direction of the shaft. The use of the arc-shaped steel plate not only enhances the connection strength between the segment rings, but also improves the overall stability of the support structure, and is suitable for shaft construction in high-stress geological environments. As a connection section structure, the arc-shaped steel plate not only increases the connection area between the segment rings and improves the connection strength, but also disperses the load during the shaft construction process through its arc-shaped design, reduces local stress, and is suitable for shaft construction in harsh geological environments such as high stress and strong earthquakes, and improves the seismic resistance and pressure resistance of the shaft.

[0061] Furthermore, the composite support structure includes a secondary lining support 12 , and casting holes 102 are provided on the arc-shaped steel plate 10 , and the casting holes 102 are used to pour concrete into the inner side of the primary support structure to form the secondary lining support 12 .

[0062] The setting of the secondary lining support further enhances the bearing capacity and stability of the support structure, and is suitable for the construction of deep shafts that bear heavy loads. By setting pouring holes on the curved steel plate, secondary support can be easily carried out, that is, pouring concrete on the inside of the primary support structure to form a more solid secondary lining support. This composite support method not only improves the bearing capacity of the shaft, but also enhances its anti-deformation ability. It is particularly suitable for the construction of deep shafts with complex geological conditions, large loads, and high construction difficulty, such as deep mines, large-scale water conservancy underground projects, etc., ensuring the long-term stability and safety of the shaft under harsh conditions.

[0063] The deep vertical shaft composite support structure includes a primary support structure assembled from conical segments and a secondary lining support structure formed by a molding process. Under extremely large depths and high ground stress conditions, a third layer of support 6 can be set as the inner wall of the shaft. The third layer of support can be made of molded or prefabricated structural parts; an auxiliary waterproof layer is applied between each layer of support according to the waterproofing requirements of the shaft.

[0064] like Figure 5 Also shown are a connecting section structure 7, stud bolts 8, nuts 9, and an arc-shaped steel plate 10.

[0065] After the conical segment ring 5 is assembled, it is naturally compressed and positioned on the main inclined surface under the action of its own weight. Due to the cooperation between the main inclined surface and the segment cutter cone surface, the segment has a large self-weight, which will naturally apply a certain supporting force to the main inclined surface, thereby stabilizing the well wall and forming an initial prestressed support. The upper and lower adjacent segment rings are connected by arc-shaped steel plates 10. Bolt holes are provided near the upper and lower ends of the steel plate. The arrangement interval of the bolt holes matches the corresponding threaded blind holes on the segment. After the upper and lower segment rings are installed, studs are installed in the lower row of threaded blind holes of the upper segment ring, and then the upper row of bolt holes of the divided arc-shaped steel plates are matched with the studs on the upper segment ring, installed one by one, and fastened with nuts 9. After all the arc-shaped steel plates between the upper and lower segment rings are installed, the arc-shaped steel plate joints 53 between the arc-shaped steel plate rings are connected; the arc-shaped steel plate joints 53 can be connected by welding or bolting according to the structure of the arc-shaped steel plate.

[0066] The segment annular seams 54 of the upper and lower segment rings need to be staggered along the shaft axis direction (longitudinal direction); the arcuate steel plate joints 53 between the arcuate steel plates 10 need to be staggered with the segment annular seams 54 of the upper and lower segment rings.

[0067] After the upper and lower segment rings and the curved steel plate are installed, an annular closed cavity is formed between the end faces of the upper and lower segment rings and the surface of the curved steel plate. Concrete is poured into the cavity from the reserved pouring holes on the curved steel plate until the concrete overflows from the pores of the upper segment ring, indicating that the cavity has been filled. Then the pouring is stopped and the grouting holes are sealed. At this point, the complete construction of a section of the primary support structure is completed.

[0068] Furthermore, the conical bearing ring structure 4 includes a main inclined surface 41 and an auxiliary inclined surface 42, the taper of the main inclined surface 41 is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring 5, and the main inclined surface 41 is located at the top of the auxiliary inclined surface 42, wherein the inner diameter of the top of the main inclined surface 41 is equal to the inner diameter of the bottom of the auxiliary inclined surface 42, and the inner diameter of the top of the main inclined surface 41 is greater than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main inclined surface 41 and the auxiliary inclined surface 42. By arranging the main inclined surface at the top of the auxiliary inclined surface, its taper characteristics can be used to evenly distribute the upper load to the lower structure.

[0069] Furthermore, the conical supporting ring structure 4 includes a main bevel 41 and an auxiliary bevel 42, the taper of the main bevel 41 is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring 5, and the main bevel 41 is located at the bottom of the auxiliary bevel 42, wherein the inner diameter of the bottom of the main bevel 41 is equal to the inner diameter of the top of the auxiliary bevel 42, and the inner diameter of the bottom of the main bevel 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main bevel 41 and the auxiliary bevel 42.

[0070] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, there are two schemes for combining the main slope and the auxiliary slope, one is that the auxiliary slope is above the main slope, and the other is that the main slope is above the auxiliary slope. Both methods can achieve the same final formed well wall structure; in the scheme where the main slope is above the auxiliary slope, its key dimensions in the width direction include W1, W2 and W3, among which W1=W2>W3; in the scheme where the main slope is below the auxiliary slope, its key dimensions in the width direction include W4, W5 and W6, among which W4>W5=W6.

[0071] The taper angle of the main slope is the same as that of the segment, and it is in direct contact with the outer wall of the segment, and is the main surface that bears the gravity of the segment ring. The longitudinal width dimension K of the main slope should be greater than the longitudinal width dimension Q of the outer wall of the segment. The specific requirements are: after the segment ring is installed and positioned on the main slope, the distance K1 from the upper end face of the segment to the upper edge of the main slope is not less than 10cm, and the distance K2 from the lower end face of the segment to the lower edge of the main slope is not less than 10cm.

[0072] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0073] The initial support is established by using a conical well wall and matching conical pipe segments. The pipe segments can automatically center on the surface of the conical well wall and press the well wall tightly. The initial prestressing of the well wall after excavation is established by relying on the deadweight of the pipe segments or other construction equipment. This is a first in the industry.

[0074] The assembly of prefabricated conical segments does not require the long wait for concrete solidification time of the traditional underground casting process. The support structure is established quickly and with high quality, and mature mechanized installation equipment can be used for construction, truly achieving the goal of building a well with fewer people, faster and higher quality.

[0075] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0076] In addition to the above, it should be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this specification refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when describing a specific feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep shaft composite support system, characterized in that: include: A shaft wall shaping device, the shaft wall shaping device is movably arranged along the height direction of the shaft, the shaft wall shaping device is used to construct the shaft wall of the shaft into a preset conical shaft wall structure, the conical shaft wall structure comprises a plurality of conical bearing ring structures (4), and the plurality of conical bearing ring structures (4) are adjacently arranged along the height direction of the shaft; A composite support structure, the composite support structure comprising a primary support structure, the primary support structure comprising a plurality of conical segment rings (5), the plurality of conical segment rings (5) being arranged at intervals along the height direction of the shaft, the plurality of conical segment rings (5) being arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of conical bearing ring structures (4), each of the conical segment rings (5) being located in the corresponding conical bearing ring structure (4), the outer wall of the conical segment ring (5) being in contact with the inner wall of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure (4), so that the conical bearing ring structure (4) bears the corresponding conical segment ring (5).

2. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The taper of each of the conical segment rings (5) is the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure (4).

3. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the height direction of the shaft, two adjacent conical segment rings (5) are connected via a connecting section structure, so that a plurality of conical segment rings (5) are connected to form an integrated structure.

4. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conical segment ring (5) comprises a plurality of split segments (544), the plurality of split segments (544) being arranged in a highly flush manner, the plurality of split segments (544) being connected along the circumference of the conical segment ring (5) to form the conical segment ring (5), the outer side surface of each split segment (544) having a taper, and the taper of the outer side surface of each split segment (544) being the same as the taper of the corresponding conical bearing ring structure (4).

5. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least part of the split segments (544) are irregularly arranged along the circumferential side profile of the conical segment ring (5); along the circumference of the conical segment ring (5), each conical segment ring (5) is adaptively arranged along the circumferential side of the conical segment ring (5) with the side structure of the adjacent conical segment ring (5).

6. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Along the circumferential direction of the conical segment ring (5), segment annular gaps are formed between the mutually contacting annular side surfaces of adjacent conical segment rings (5), and sealing rings are arranged in the segment annular gaps.

7. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting section structure comprises an arc-shaped steel plate (10), and along the height direction of the shaft, two ends of the arc-shaped steel plate (10) are respectively connected to the two conical segment rings (5).

8. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composite support structure comprises a secondary lining support (12), and a casting hole (102) is provided on the arc-shaped steel plate (10), and the casting hole (102) is used to pour concrete into the inner side of the primary support structure to form the secondary lining support (12).

9. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical bearing ring structure (4) comprises a main inclined surface (41) and an auxiliary inclined surface (42), the taper of the main inclined surface (41) being the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring (5), the main inclined surface (41) being located at the top of the auxiliary inclined surface (42), wherein the inner diameter of the top of the main inclined surface (41) is equal to the inner diameter of the bottom of the auxiliary inclined surface (42), and the inner diameter of the top of the main inclined surface (41) is greater than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main inclined surface (41) and the auxiliary inclined surface (42).

10. The deep shaft composite support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical bearing ring structure (4) comprises a main inclined surface (41) and an auxiliary inclined surface (42), the taper of the main inclined surface (41) being the same as the taper of the corresponding conical segment ring (5), the main inclined surface (41) being located at the bottom of the auxiliary inclined surface (42), wherein the inner diameter of the bottom of the main inclined surface (41) is equal to the inner diameter of the top of the auxiliary inclined surface (42), and the inner diameter of the bottom of the main inclined surface (41) is smaller than the inner diameter of the connection position between the main inclined surface (41) and the auxiliary inclined surface (42).

Images