Multi-directional Low-frequency Magnetoelectric Coupling Wave Energy Harvester and Method Based on Volute Spring

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector and method based on a scroll spring. The device includes an energy conversion mechanism, a central shaft, and an energy collection mechanism. On the inner wall of the housing of the energy collection mechanism, there are provided a ratchet bidirectional converter, a driving ball, a track, and a scroll spring assembly. The driving ball is arranged in the track and transmits kinetic energy to the central shaft. The ratchet bidirectional converter can make the driving disk in the energy conversion mechanism rotate unidirectionally regardless of the direction in which the driving ball rolls. The scroll spring assembly can convert the kinetic energy generated by counterclockwise rolling into elastic energy for storage and release it when the driving ball has a tendency to roll clockwise, providing a larger acceleration to the driving ball, so that it can obtain a higher maximum rotational speed under the condition of the same wave frequency and achieve a larger power output at a lower wave frequency. At the same time, the energy loss is reduced by the scroll spring, thereby achieving a higher output in a relatively wide frequency range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ocean energy harvesting, and particularly to a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy harvester based on a scroll spring. Background Art

[0002] Most sensors need to use batteries, which limit the development of these technologies due to problems such as high cost, short lifespan, inconvenient replacement, and environmental pollution. Therefore, how to use wave energy in the ocean environment to power the sensing system instead of chemical batteries has become a research hotspot.

[0003] Currently, the method of using piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) to convert ocean wave energy into electrical energy utilizes the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy in the ocean into electrical energy, and has advantages such as high efficiency, simple structure, high output voltage, low cost, and easy miniaturization, becoming a form of ocean wave energy harvesting that has received attention.

[0004] In piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), the piezoelectric cantilever beam is a typical energy harvesting device for absorbing external vibrations. Due to the limitations of the piezoelectric material and the size of the cantilever beam, the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric energy harvester is usually relatively high and it is difficult to match the low-frequency excitation. Only when the external excitation frequency is consistent with the resonance frequency of the cantilever beam can the device efficiently output energy. However, in nature, the frequency of waves is usually lower than 2 Hz, far lower than the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever beam. This results in a low output power of the piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester. Therefore, how to convert low-frequency wave signals into high-frequency signals that match the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever beam has become an important research direction.

[0005] In current piezoelectric energy harvesters, in order to effectively absorb wave energy at lower frequencies, the internal circuits and conversion mechanisms of piezoelectric energy harvesting and conversion devices are optimized for specific frequency ranges. As a result, piezoelectric energy harvesting and conversion devices can only produce a relatively high electrical energy output at a specific frequency, while the output will decrease significantly at other frequencies. For example, in a floating piezoelectric electromagnetic hybrid wave vibration energy harvester driven by a rotating and swinging ball, when the external wave frequency is 1.4 Hz, the piezoelectric module reaches the maximum output. However, its output decreases by 54% at other frequencies, especially at 0.4 Hz, which is far lower than the maximum output. In a magnetic coupling piezoelectric energy harvester driven by a rotating rolling ball for collecting low-frequency multi-directional wave energy, when the external frequency is 0.9 Hz, it reaches the maximum output. However, at a lower frequency of 0.4 Hz, the output decreases by 67%, and the same is true at a higher frequency of 1.4 Hz. In a new type of hybrid electromagnetic and piezoelectric sensor - the Smart Nodding Duck (SND), under wave excitation, the electromagnetic generator of the SND reaches the maximum output at a frequency of 0.8 Hz. However, it also has the problem of a significant decrease in output in a relatively wide bandwidth. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring, which can collect energy at lower frequencies and achieve maximum power output, and maintain a relatively high output within a relatively wide frequency range.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring, comprising an energy conversion mechanism and an energy collection mechanism in a cantilever beam structure. The energy collection mechanism includes: a central shaft, one end of which is used to connect the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure; a housing, the housing includes an inner upper cover and an inner lower cover. The inner upper cover is connected to the bottom of the support frame; the inner lower cover is connected to the inner upper cover; a track is provided on the inner wall of the housing, and there is also provided: a ratchet bidirectional converter, including: a first ratchet sleeved on the central shaft and in interference fit with the central shaft; a second ratchet, connected to the central shaft through a ratchet bearing, located below the first ratchet and having a ratchet tooth orientation opposite to that of the first ratchet; an outer wheel, a tubular structure, with pawls provided on the inner wall, the outer wheel is sleeved outside the two ratchets and connected to the central shaft through a ratchet bearing. The forward and reverse rotations of the outer wheel are respectively used to drive the first ratchet and the second ratchet to rotate; a driving ball is arranged in the track and connected to the outside of the outer wheel through a ball bracket. The driving ball rolls in the track under the drive of wave energy to drive the outer wheel to rotate; a scroll spring assembly is used to tighten and store energy when the second ratchet rotates, and release energy when the first ratchet rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet, including: a scroll spring; an upper spring seat, connected to the bottom of the second ratchet and rotating with the second ratchet, in interference fit with the head of the scroll spring; a lower spring seat is arranged at the bottom of the housing and in interference fit with the end of the scroll spring. The end of the central shaft is connected to the lower spring seat through a lower bearing.

[0009] Further, the energy conversion mechanism includes: a support frame, connected to the top of the housing of the energy collection mechanism through a third bolt member, and the central shaft is connected to the support frame through a bearing; a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers are arranged on the support frame. Each cantilever beam structure includes: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is vertically fixed on the support frame, and response magnets are fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet; a rotating disk, concentrically arranged in the annular array formed by the plurality of cantilever beam structures, and a plurality of excitation magnets are provided on the circumferential side. The material of the excitation magnets is neodymium iron boron. The center of the bottom of the rotating disk is connected to one end of the central shaft; the kinetic energy of driving the rotating disk to rotate is converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet under the action of magnetic force.

[0010] Further, it further includes an outer housing, the outer housing is spherical and includes: an upper outer housing and a lower outer housing, the upper outer housing and the lower outer housing are connected through a first bolt member, and the support frame is fixed to the lower outer housing through a second bolt member. The magnetoelectric wave energy collector can be sealed in the spherical outer housing and not in direct contact with seawater. Therefore, it has great advantages in equipment anti-corrosion maintenance and installation.

[0011] Further, a plurality of piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on the support frame. When the energy collection device is excited, the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is almost the same, thus significantly improving the energy collection performance. On the other hand, the low-frequency input excitation of the sea wave is converted into high-frequency vibration, so that it can exhibit the characteristics of high-power output in a low-frequency excitation environment.

[0012] Further, due to the characteristics of high voltage and low current of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are connected in a parallel twin crystal type to improve the utilization rate of the working area and the output current, thereby further optimizing the energy conversion efficiency.

[0013] Further, the pawl is rotationally connected to the outer wheel by a screw. Holes are provided in the inner wall of the outer wheel corresponding to each pawl. Springs are provided in the holes. One end of the spring is connected to the side wall of the pawl, and the other end is fixed in the hole; the spring is used to provide a pre-tightening force for the pawl.

[0014] Further, the track is an annular track and is parallel to the support frame.

[0015] Further, a method for collecting wave energy by a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring includes the following steps:

[0016] When the housing of the energy collection mechanism is impacted by waves, it drives the small ball to start rolling in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel to rotate;

[0017] When the outer wheel rotates clockwise, the pawl drives the first ratchet wheel to rotate. Since the first ratchet wheel is in interference fit with the central shaft, the rotation of the first ratchet wheel drives the central shaft to rotate. At this time, the excitation magnet on the drive disk and the response magnet on the piezoelectric cantilever interact under the action of magnetic force, so that the piezoelectric cantilever vibrates at its natural frequency, thereby converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel rotates clockwise, the pawl slides between the second ratchet wheel, and since the connection method between the second ratchet wheel and the central shaft is a ratchet bearing connection, the second ratchet wheel remains stationary at this time;

[0018] When the outer wheel rotates counterclockwise, the pawl slides between the first ratchet wheel and meshes with the second ratchet wheel to make the second ratchet wheel rotate. Since the connection method between the second ratchet wheel and the central shaft is a ratchet bearing connection, and the second ratchet wheel is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat, when the second ratchet wheel rotates, it drives the upper spring seat to rotate and does not drive the central shaft to rotate. By rotating the upper spring seat, the scroll spring is tightened, and the energy is stored in the scroll spring. When the drive ball has a tendency to rotate clockwise, the energy stored in the scroll spring will be released, making the second ratchet wheel rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet wheel mesh with the lower pawl, making the outer wheel rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the drive ball.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The present invention ensures that regardless of the direction in which the driving ball rolls, the driving disk in the energy conversion mechanism above can achieve one-way rotation through the ratchet two-way converter, avoiding the energy loss caused by reverse rotation before the forward rotation is completed. At the same time, the scroll spring assembly can convert the kinetic energy generated by counterclockwise rolling into elastic energy for storage, and release it when the driving ball has a tendency to roll clockwise, providing a large acceleration to the driving ball, enabling it to obtain a higher maximum rotational speed under the condition of the same wave frequency, achieving a larger power output at a lower wave frequency. At the same time, the energy loss is reduced through the scroll spring, thereby achieving a higher output within a wide frequency range.

[0021] The energy collection mechanism of the present invention can convert the random excitation of waves in multiple directions into the repeated inclination of an annular track in a certain direction. The driving mode of the driving ball and the annular track enables it to quickly respond to the changes in waves, has a high adaptability to complex waves, and can collect the wave vibration energy in multiple directions.

[0022] The present invention adopts a symmetrically arranged piezoelectric cantilever structure. When the collector is excited, it converts the low-frequency input excitation of the sea wave into high-frequency vibration, enabling it to exhibit a high-power output in a low-frequency excitation environment, and the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is almost the same, thereby significantly improving the energy collection performance. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the external structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the structure schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the ratchet two-way converter, ball support, scroll spring assembly and central shaft of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1. upper shell, 2. first bolt, 3. second bolt, 4. lower shell, 5. rotating disk, 6. excitation magnet, 7. response magnet, 8. piezoelectric ceramic sheet, 9. bolt hole, 10. support frame, 11. inner upper cover, 12. central shaft, 13. outer wheel, 14. ball support, 15. driving ball, 16. scroll spring, 17. inner lower cover, 18. third bolt, 19. first ratchet, 20. pawl, 21. spring, 22. second ratchet, 23. upper spring seat, 24. gear bearing, 25. lower end bearing, 26. lower spring seat. Detailed Embodiment

[0028] The following is combined withFigures 1 to 4 A detailed description will be given of the specific embodiments of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0029] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0030] It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in the present invention all adopt conventional circuit connection methods and do not involve any innovation. Embodiment

[0031] As Figure 2 shown, a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring includes an energy collection mechanism and an energy conversion mechanism in the form of a cantilever beam structure. The energy collection mechanism includes: a central shaft 12, a housing, a ratchet bidirectional converter, a driving ball 15, and a scroll spring assembly. One end of the central shaft 12 is used to connect to the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure. The energy collection mechanism collects wave energy and drives the central shaft 12 to rotate. Through the rotation of the central shaft 12, kinetic energy is transmitted to the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy; the housing includes an inner upper cover 11 and an inner lower cover 11. The inner upper cover 11 is connected to the bottom of the support frame 10; the inner lower cover 17 is connected to the inner upper cover 11; a track is provided on the inner wall of the housing, and there are also provided: a ratchet bidirectional converter, a driving ball 15, and a scroll spring assembly. As Figure 4 shown, the ratchet bidirectional converter includes: a first ratchet 19, a second ratchet 22, and an outer wheel 13. The first ratchet 19 is sleeved on the central shaft 12 and is in interference fit with the central shaft 12; the second ratchet 22 is connected to the central shaft 12 through a ratchet bearing 24, is located below the first ratchet 19, and has a ratchet tooth orientation opposite to that of the first ratchet 19; the outer wheel 13 is a tubular structure, and pawls 20 are provided on the inner wall. The pawls 20 are divided into two layers, corresponding to the first ratchet 19 and the second ratchet 22 respectively, and the pawls 20 of the two layers have the same orientation. The outer wheel 13 is sleeved outside the two ratchets and is connected to the central shaft 12 through a ratchet bearing 24. The first ratchet and the second ratchet respectively correspond to the upper-layer pawls and the lower-layer pawls. The forward and reverse rotations of the outer wheel 13 are respectively used to drive the first ratchet 19 and the second ratchet 22 to rotate; asFigure 2 As shown, the driving ball 15 is arranged inside the track. The track is an annular track and is parallel to the support frame 10. It is connected to the outside of the outer wheel 13 through the ball bracket 14. The driving ball 15 rolls inside the track driven by wave energy to drive the outer wheel 13 to rotate; as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the scroll spring assembly is used to wind and store energy when the second ratchet wheel 22 rotates, and release energy when the first ratchet wheel 19 rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet wheel 19, including: a scroll spring 16; an upper spring seat 23, connected to the bottom of the second ratchet wheel 22, rotating with the second ratchet wheel 22, and having an interference fit with the head of the scroll spring 16; a lower spring seat 26 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the housing, having an interference fit with the end of the scroll spring 16, and the end of the central shaft 12 is connected to the lower spring seat 26 through a lower bearing 25.

[0032] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the energy conversion mechanism includes: a support frame 10, a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers and a rotating disk 5. The support frame 10 is connected to the top of the housing of the energy collection mechanism through a third bolt member 18, and the central shaft 12 is connected to the support frame 10 through a bearing; a plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers are arranged on the support frame 10. For the placement method of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 8, there are mainly two choices: horizontal placement and vertical placement. Since horizontal placement will not only increase the overall size of the device, but also may result in a smaller vibration amplitude under the same excitation conditions, thereby reducing the power output efficiency. Each cantilever beam structure in this embodiment includes: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8, which is vertically fixed to the support frame 10 by inserting bolts through the bolt holes 9 of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8, and the response magnets 7 are fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8; the rotating disk 5 is concentrically arranged inside the annular array formed by a plurality of cantilever beam structures, and a plurality of excitation magnets 6 are arranged on the circumferential side. The material of the excitation magnets 6 is neodymium iron boron. The bottom center of the rotating disk 5 is connected to one end of the central shaft 12; the kinetic energy of driving the rotating disk to rotate is converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 8 under the action of magnetic force.

[0033] As Figure 1 As shown, in order to prevent the collector from being in direct contact with seawater and improve the advantages in terms of equipment anti-corrosion maintenance and installation, the collector is hermetically arranged inside the outer housing. The outer housing is spherical and includes: an upper housing 1 and a lower housing 4. The upper housing 1 and the lower housing 4 are connected through a first bolt member 2, and the support frame 10 is fixed to the lower housing 4 through a second bolt member 3.

[0034] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, multiple piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on the support frame 10. When the energy harvesting device is excited, the strain on each piezoelectric cantilever is ensured to be almost the same, thus significantly improving the energy harvesting performance. On the other hand, introducing magnetic excitation converts the low-frequency input excitation of ocean waves into high-frequency vibration, enabling it to exhibit the characteristic of high-power output in a low-frequency excitation environment.

[0035] Due to the characteristics of high voltage and low current of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 8 are connected in a parallel twin-crystal type. To improve the utilization rate of the working area and the output current, thereby further optimizing its energy conversion efficiency.

[0036] As Figure 4 shown, the large pawls 20 on the upper and lower layers are rotatably connected to the outer wheel 13 through screws. The upper and lower layered pawls 20 are to ensure that they do not affect each other during their respective operations. Holes are provided in the inner wall of the outer wheel 13 corresponding to the positions of each pawl 20. Springs 21 are provided in the holes. One end of the spring 21 is connected to the side wall of the pawl 20, and the other end is fixed in the hole; to provide a pre-tightening force for the pawl 20.

[0037] In some embodiments, by adjusting the mass of the small ball and the thickness of the scroll spring 16, the performance of the energy harvesting device can be optimized under unstable ocean wave conditions, enabling it to operate efficiently in a wider ocean environment. After multiple simulation tests, the thickness of the scroll spring 16 is designed to be 1.2 mm, and the mass of the driving small ball 15 is 48.2 g.

[0038] A method for collecting wave energy by the above-mentioned multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy harvester based on a scroll spring includes the following steps:

[0039] When the housing of the energy collection mechanism is impacted by ocean waves, the driving small ball 15 starts to roll in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel 13 to rotate;

[0040] When the outer wheel 13 rotates clockwise, the pawl 20 will drive the first ratchet wheel 19 to rotate. Since the first ratchet wheel 19 is in interference fit with the central shaft 12, the rotation of the first ratchet wheel 19 will drive the central shaft 12 to rotate, thereby driving the driving disc 5 to rotate. At this time, the excitation magnet 6 on the driving disc 5 and the response magnet 7 on the piezoelectric cantilever interact under the action of magnetic force, causing the piezoelectric cantilever to vibrate at its natural frequency, thereby converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel 13 rotates clockwise, the lower pawl 20 slides relative to the second ratchet wheel 22. And because the connection between the second ratchet wheel 22 and the central shaft 12 is a ratchet bearing 24 connection, therefore, the second ratchet wheel 22 remains stationary at this time;

[0041] When the outer wheel 13 rotates counterclockwise, the upper pawl 20 slides between the first ratchet wheel 19, and the lower pawl 20 meshes with the second ratchet wheel 22 to cause the second ratchet wheel 22 to rotate. Since the second ratchet wheel 22 is connected to the central shaft 12 by a ratchet bearing 24 and is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat 23, when the second ratchet wheel 22 rotates, it drives the upper spring seat 23 to rotate without driving the central shaft 12 to rotate. By the rotation of the upper spring seat 23, the scroll spring 16 is tightened, and energy is stored in the scroll spring 16. When the driving ball 15 has a tendency to rotate clockwise, the energy stored in the scroll spring 16 will be released. The upper spring seat 23 rotates due to the released elastic energy and drives the second ratchet wheel 22 to rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet wheel 22 mesh with the pawl 20 to cause the outer wheel 13 to rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the driving ball 15.

[0042] The above-disclosed are only several preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring, comprising an energy conversion mechanism and an energy collection mechanism with a cantilever beam structure, characterized in that, The energy harvesting mechanism includes: A central shaft (12), one end of which is used to connect the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure; A housing, inside which there is an orbit, and also provided with: A ratchet bidirectional converter, including: a first ratchet (19) sleeved on the central shaft (12) and in interference fit with the central shaft (12); a second ratchet (22), connected to the central shaft (12) through a ratchet bearing (24), located below the first ratchet (19), and having a ratchet tooth orientation opposite to that of the first ratchet (19); an outer wheel (13), a tubular structure, with pawls (20) provided on the inner wall, the outer wheel (13) is sleeved outside the two ratchets and connected to the central shaft (12) through a ratchet bearing (24), and the forward and reverse rotations of the outer wheel (13) are respectively used to drive the first ratchet (19) and the second ratchet (22) to rotate; A driving ball (15), arranged in the orbit, connected to the outside of the outer wheel (13) through a ball bracket (14), and the driving ball (15) rolls in the orbit driven by wave energy to drive the outer wheel (13) to rotate; A scroll spring assembly, used to wind and store energy when the second ratchet (22) rotates, and release energy when the first ratchet (19) rotates to provide acceleration for the rotation of the first ratchet (19), including: a scroll spring (16); an upper spring seat (23), connected to the bottom of the second ratchet (22), rotating with the second ratchet (22), and in interference fit with the head of the scroll spring (16); a lower spring seat (26) arranged at the bottom of the housing, in interference fit with the end of the scroll spring (16), and the end of the central shaft (12) is connected to the lower spring seat (26) through a lower end bearing (25); The pawl (20) is rotatably connected to the outer wheel (13) through a screw, holes are provided on the inner wall of the outer wheel (13) corresponding to each pawl (20), a spring (21) is arranged in the holes, one end of the spring (21) is connected to the side wall of the pawl (20), and the other end is fixed in the hole; The energy conversion mechanism includes: A support frame (10), connected to the top of the housing of the energy harvesting mechanism through a third bolt member (18), and the central shaft (12) is connected to the support frame (10) through a bearing; A plurality of piezoelectric cantilevers, arranged on the support frame (10), and each cantilever beam structure includes: a piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8), the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8) is vertically fixed on the support frame (10), and a response magnet (7) is fixed on both sides of the upper end of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8); A rotating disk (5), concentrically arranged in the annular array formed by a plurality of cantilever beam structures, with a plurality of excitation magnets (6) provided on the circumferential side, and the center of the bottom of the rotating disk (5) is connected to one end of the central shaft (12); The orbit is an annular orbit and is parallel to the support frame (10).

2. The multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an outer housing, the outer housing is spherical, and includes: an upper housing (1) and a lower housing (4), the upper housing (1) and the lower housing (4) are connected through a first bolt member (2), and the support frame (10) is fixed to the lower housing (4) through a second bolt member (3).

3. A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of piezoelectric cantilever structures are symmetrically arranged on the support frame (10).

4. A multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy harvester based on a scroll spring, characterized in that, The piezoelectric ceramic sheet (8) adopts a parallel twin-crystal connection method.

5. A method for collecting wave energy by a multi-directional low-frequency magnetoelectric coupling wave energy collector based on a scroll spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: After the housing of the energy harvesting mechanism is impacted by waves, it drives the small ball (15) to start rolling in the track, thereby driving the outer wheel (13) to rotate; When the outer wheel (13) rotates clockwise, the pawl (20) drives the first ratchet wheel (19) to rotate. Since the first ratchet wheel (19) is in interference fit with the central shaft (12), the rotation of the first ratchet wheel (19) drives the central shaft (12) to rotate, thereby transmitting kinetic energy to the energy conversion mechanism of the cantilever beam structure and converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy. When the outer wheel (13) rotates clockwise, the pawl (20) slides between the second ratchet wheel (22), and since the connection between the second ratchet wheel (22) and the central shaft (12) is a ratchet bearing (24) connection, the second ratchet wheel (22) remains stationary at this time; When the outer wheel (13) rotates counterclockwise, the pawl (20) slides between the first ratchet wheel (19) and engages with the second ratchet wheel (22) to make the second ratchet wheel (22) rotate accordingly. Since the connection between the second ratchet wheel (22) and the central shaft (12) is a ratchet bearing (24) connection and the second ratchet wheel (22) is fixedly connected to the upper spring seat (23), when the second ratchet wheel (22) rotates, it drives the upper spring seat (23) to rotate without driving the central shaft (12) to rotate. By rotating the upper spring seat (23), the scroll spring (16) is tightened, and the energy is stored in the scroll spring (16). When the driving ball (15) has a clockwise rotation tendency, the energy stored in the scroll spring (16) will be released, causing the second ratchet wheel (22) to rotate clockwise. At this time, the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet wheel (22) engage with the pawl (20), causing the outer wheel (13) to rotate clockwise, thereby providing an initial acceleration for the clockwise rotation of the driving ball (15).

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