A method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for assessing soil erosion.

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of soil erosion evaluation method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium, the method comprises: obtaining the coverage of different surface types of soil in target area, and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types of soil in target area;Target environmental information of target area is obtained, and according to target environmental information and coverage, determine bed surface shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress;According to bed surface shear stress, soil erosion critical shear stress and soil erodibility coefficient, determine the soil erosion rate of target area.By the embodiment of the present application, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of soil erosion assessment, and in particular to a method for assessing soil erosion, a device for assessing soil erosion, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion refers to the process by which soil moves from one place to another under the influence of natural forces (such as wind, water, and ice). This is a global environmental problem because it leads to decreased soil fertility, land degradation, water pollution, and ecosystem destruction. Soil erosion is mainly divided into two types: wind erosion and water erosion.

[0003] Wind erosion refers to the process by which soil particles are transported and deposited under the influence of wind. Wind erosion mainly occurs in arid and semi-arid regions where vegetation cover is sparse, making the soil susceptible to wind erosion. Factors influencing wind erosion include wind speed, soil particle size, soil moisture content, surface roughness, and vegetation cover.

[0004] Water erosion refers to the process by which soil particles are transported and deposited under the influence of water flow. Water erosion can be further divided into surface erosion, gully erosion, and riparian erosion. Surface erosion refers to the erosion of soil by rainwater or runoff on flat ground; gully erosion refers to the erosion of gullies and ravines on slopes; and riparian erosion refers to the erosion of riverbanks by rivers. Factors influencing water erosion include rainfall intensity, topographic slope, soil type, vegetation cover, and land use patterns.

[0005] To more effectively reduce soil erosion, protect land resources, and maintain ecological balance, it is necessary to assess and analyze soil erosion in order to develop more reasonable remediation plans. In practical applications, how to accurately analyze soil erosion has become one of the most pressing issues to be addressed in the field of ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, a method for assessing soil erosion, a device for assessing soil erosion, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium are proposed to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems, comprising:

[0007] A method for assessing soil erosion, the method comprising:

[0008] Obtain the soil cover of different surface types in the target area, and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area;

[0009] Obtain target environmental information of the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress based on the target environmental information and the coverage.

[0010] The soil erosion rate of the target area is determined based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0011] Optionally, obtaining the soil cover of different surface types in the target area includes:

[0012] Obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information;

[0013] Based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological hazard information, predict the soil coverage of different land surface types.

[0014] Optionally, predicting soil cover for different land surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological hazard information includes:

[0015] Based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information, predict the changes in soil for different surface types;

[0016] Based on the changes in soil information for different land surface types, predict the soil cover of different land surface types.

[0017] Optionally, determining the soil erodibility coefficients of soils of different surface types in the target area includes:

[0018] Obtain the sand and gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of soils corresponding to different surface types;

[0019] The soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type of soil is calculated based on the soil gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0020] Optionally, the target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil. Determining the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress based on the target environmental information and the soil cover includes:

[0021] Based on the target environmental information and the coverage, determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type, the crusted surface type, and the vegetated surface type of soil under the action of water flow are determined.

[0023] Optionally, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0024] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0025] Optionally, determining the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil includes:

[0026] Based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient, determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types in the target area.

[0027] The soil erosion rate of the target area is calculated based on the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the soil coverage of each surface type.

[0028] This invention also provides a soil erosion assessment device, the device comprising:

[0029] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area.

[0030] The second acquisition module is used to acquire target environmental information of the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress for soil erosion based on the target environmental information and the coverage.

[0031] An evaluation module is used to determine the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0032] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to acquire climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and to predict the soil coverage of different land surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

[0033] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to predict soil change information for different land surface types based on the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information; and to predict soil coverage for different land surface types based on the soil change information for different land surface types.

[0034] Optionally, the first acquisition module is used to acquire the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of soils corresponding to each surface type; and to calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of soils for each surface type based on the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0035] Optionally, the target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil. The second acquisition module is used to determine, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, the corresponding bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress of bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action; and, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, to determine, based on the target environmental information and the coverage, the corresponding bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress of bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under water flow action.

[0036] Optionally, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0037] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0038] Optionally, the evaluation module is used to determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types in the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical soil erosion shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficient; and to calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type in the target area and the soil coverage of each surface type.

[0039] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the soil erosion assessment method described above.

[0040] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for assessing soil erosion.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the soil cover of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area is determined; target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and critical shear stress for soil erosion are determined based on the target environmental information and soil cover; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined based on the bed shear stress, critical shear stress for soil erosion, and soil erodibility coefficient. Through this embodiment of the invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of another method for assessing soil erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a soil erosion assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a soil erosion assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0049] Step 101: Obtain the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area.

[0050] In some feasible embodiments, the target area may refer to the area where soil erosion needs to be analyzed; for example, the target area may be the Jinsha River basin, but this embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0051] In practical applications, the target area may include soils of different surface types. In order to analyze soil erosion more accurately, the embodiments of the present invention can perform separate analyses on soils of different surface types and combine all the analysis results to obtain the soil erosion results of the target area.

[0052] Specifically, you can first obtain the soil coverage of different land surface types in the target area; where coverage can refer to the degree of soil coverage of different land surface types in the target area.

[0053] In some feasible embodiments, the soil erosibility coefficient corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area can also be determined; wherein, the soil erosibility coefficient is an important parameter for assessing soil erosion sensitivity, reflecting the ease with which soil is eroded under specific conditions. The value of the soil erosibility coefficient depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including:

[0054] Soil particle composition: the ratio of sand, silt, and clay. Soils with a higher clay content generally have higher erodibility because the clay particles are less cohesive.

[0055] Organic matter content: Organic matter can improve soil structure, increase soil cohesion, and thus reduce erodibility.

[0056] Soil structure: the size and stability of soil aggregates. Well-structured soils have lower erodibility.

[0057] Soil permeability: Soils with poor permeability are more prone to runoff, increasing the likelihood of erosion.

[0058] Soil surface roughness: Rough soil surfaces can reduce runoff velocity and reduce erosion.

[0059] Soil erodibility coefficient is usually determined through laboratory or field tests, or it can be obtained by consulting existing soil databases and literature. This embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0060] Step 102: Obtain target environmental information for the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and critical shear stress for soil erosion based on the target environmental information and coverage.

[0061] In practical applications, target environmental information of the target area can also be obtained, such as wind speed information and water flow information of the target area. Then, based on the target environmental information and the soil coverage of different surface types, the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress of different surface types in the target area can be determined.

[0062] Among them, bed shear stress and critical shear stress for soil erosion are two important concepts in hydraulics and soil erosion research. They describe the force exerted by water flow on the soil surface and the soil's ability to resist erosion.

[0063] Shear stress on the riverbed or soil surface refers to the tangential force exerted by water flow or wind on the riverbed or soil surface; it is a manifestation of the kinetic energy of water flow or wind. The magnitude of shear stress on the riverbed depends on factors such as the speed of water flow / wind, water depth, and riverbed roughness.

[0064] The critical shear stress for soil erosion is the minimum shear stress on the soil bed required for soil particles to begin moving. When the shear stress on the soil bed exceeds the critical shear stress for soil erosion, soil particles will be transported, resulting in erosion. The critical shear stress for soil erosion depends on the physical properties of the soil, such as particle size, shape, density, soil structure, and organic matter content.

[0065] Step 103: Determine the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0066] After obtaining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress for soil erosion, the soil erosion rate of the target area can be determined based on these stresses, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient. The soil erosion rate refers to the amount of soil lost per unit time, usually expressed in terms of mass or volume, such as tons / hectare / year or cubic meters / hectare / year. The soil erosion rate is an important parameter for assessing the severity of soil erosion and for developing soil and water conservation measures.

[0067] Once the soil erosion rate of the target area is obtained, it can be analyzed to develop more appropriate measures to prevent soil erosion.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the soil cover of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area is determined; target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and critical shear stress for soil erosion are determined based on the target environmental information and soil cover; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined based on the bed shear stress, critical shear stress for soil erosion, and soil erodibility coefficient. Through this embodiment of the invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of another method for assessing soil erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0070] Step 201: Obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0071] In some feasible embodiments, climate information, human activity information, and geological hazard information can be acquired in order to predict the soil cover of different land surface types based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological hazard information.

[0072] Climate information can include weather and temperature information for historical and future periods; human activity information includes the frequency of human activities for historical and future periods; geological disaster information includes the frequency and severity of geological disasters for historical and future periods. Climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information can all affect the soil, thereby changing the soil cover of a certain surface type in the target area.

[0073] Step 202: Based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, predict the soil coverage of different land surface types.

[0074] After obtaining climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area can be predicted in the future over a period of time.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present invention, step 202 may include the following sub-steps:

[0076] Sub-step 11: Based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, predict the changes in soil for different land surface types.

[0077] In some feasible embodiments, soil change information for different land surface types can be predicted based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; for example, when there is more human activity, the vegetation surface will increase; when there is more human activity, the vegetation surface will decrease.

[0078] The change information can characterize the changes in the soil of this land surface type; for example, it can be an increase or decrease, or the percentage of increase or decrease. This embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0079] Sub-step 12: Based on the soil change information of different land surface types, predict the soil coverage of different land surface types.

[0080] After determining the soil change information for different land surface types, the soil cover of different land surface types can be predicted based on this information.

[0081] Step 203: Obtain the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type.

[0082] In some feasible embodiments, when determining the soil erodibility coefficient of soils for different surface types, the content of gravel, silt, clay, and organic carbon of soils corresponding to different surface types in the target area can be obtained.

[0083] Step 204: Calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of soils of different surface types based on soil gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0084] Then, based on the soil gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content, the soil erodibility coefficient corresponding to each surface type in the target area can be calculated.

[0085] Step 205: Obtain target environmental information for the target area.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present invention, the target environmental information includes at least one of the following: wind speed information and water flow information.

[0087] In some feasible embodiments, when determining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress for soil erosion, target environmental information of the target area can be obtained; for example, target environmental information of soil corresponding to different surface types in the target area can be collected and obtained, and the embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.

[0088] Step 206: The target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil. Based on the target environmental information and coverage, determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action.

[0089] In some feasible embodiments, the target area may include bare bed soil, crusted soil, and vegetated soil; wherein, bare bed soil can refer to soil whose surface is not covered by vegetation and the soil is directly exposed; crusted soil can refer to a thin, hardened layer of soil formed on the surface, usually composed of soil particles, organic matter and microorganisms, and the crust can form naturally or after human activities (such as cultivation); vegetated soil can refer to a soil layer with vegetation on the surface.

[0090] In practical applications, based on target environmental information and coverage, the corresponding bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress for bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action can be determined.

[0091] Step 207: Based on the target environmental information and coverage, determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type, crusted surface type, and vegetated surface type of soil under the action of water flow.

[0092] In addition, based on the target environmental information and coverage, the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under the action of water flow can be determined.

[0093] Step 208: Based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient, determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types in the target area.

[0094] After determining the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress for soil erosion, the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types in the target area can be determined based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0095] Step 209: Calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil and the soil coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0096] Then, the soil erosion rate of the target area can be calculated based on the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area, as well as the soil coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0097] In this embodiment of the invention, climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information are acquired; based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, the soil cover of different surface types is predicted; the sand and gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type are acquired; based on the soil sand and gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content, the soil erodibility coefficient of each surface type is calculated; target environmental information of the target area is acquired; the target area includes soil of bare bed surface type, soil of crusted surface type, and soil of vegetated surface type; based on the target environmental information and cover, the bare bed surface type under wind action is determined. The invention identifies the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to different surface types of soil, including soils with crusted surfaces and vegetated surfaces. Based on target environmental information and soil cover, the invention determines the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress for these soil types under water flow conditions. Based on the bed shear stress, critical soil erosion shear stress, and soil erodibility coefficient, the invention determines the soil erosion rate for different surface types within the target area. Finally, based on the soil erosion rates for each surface type and the soil cover within the target area, the invention calculates the soil erosion rate for the target area. Through these embodiments, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0098] The following example further illustrates the above-mentioned method for assessing soil erosion:

[0099] Erosion is mainly wind erosion and water erosion. The surface types of the target area (taking the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as an example, and the target area will be referred to as the lower reaches of the Jinsha River) are mainly divided into three categories: vegetation, crust and bare bed.

[0100] Within any time interval [0, T], based on the fundamental definition of erosion rate, we have:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula E R M represents the soil erosion rate in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. tol Let T represent the total erosion over a time period of duration T, and S represent the area of ​​the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

[0103] Total erosion can be divided into three types, and the sum of surface erosion is:

[0104] M tol =M bar +M cr +M veg =E bar S bar T+E cr S cr T+E veg S veg T (2)

[0105] In the formula M bar M represents the total amount of erosion on the bare surface over a time period of time T. cr M represents the total amount of erosion on the crusted surface over a time period of T. veg E represents the total amount of erosion on the vegetated surface over a time period of T. bar E represents the erosion rate of the bare soil surface. cr E represents the erosion rate of crusted surfaces. veg S represents the erosion rate of the vegetation surface. bar S represents the surface area covered by bare beds. cr S represents the area of ​​crusted land cover. veg This represents the area of ​​vegetation cover. Combining equations (1) and (2), we can obtain:

[0106] E R =E bar φ bar +E cr φ cr +E veg φ veg (3)

[0107] In the formula φ bar φ cr φ vegThese represent the surface cover of bare beds, crusted ground, and vegetated ground, respectively. And they satisfy the following:

[0108] φ bar +φ cr +φ veg =1 (4)

[0109] Due to climate change and human activities, the cover of the three land surfaces changes dynamically over time. For vegetated land surfaces, we predict changes in vegetation cover area by defining vegetation growth and mortality rates. We set the average cover area per stalk of vegetation in the region as S. v The mathematical definitions of growth and mortality rates are:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula B v B represents the vegetation birth rate. s Indicates vegetation mortality rate, ΔN n ΔN m △N n Indicates the number of newly grown vegetation individuals, △N m This represents the number of newly deceased vegetation individuals. These physical quantities are closely related to climatic factors, human activities, and the frequency of large-scale geological disasters. Therefore, the vegetation population growth dynamics equation is:

[0112]

[0113] Simple assumption: B v =k v N, B s =k s N. Here k v k s is a proportionality coefficient, which is also closely related to climate factors (rainfall frequency), human activities, and the frequency of large-scale geological disasters (construction, earthquakes, mudslides, forest fires, etc.); N is the amount of vegetation.

[0114] Combining equations (5) and (6), we can obtain:

[0115]

[0116] To obtain the analytical form of equation (7), we assume that the factor k v k s With rainfall frequency P r Human activity frequency P h and the frequency of large-scale geological disasters P gd Relevant and conforming to the following expression:

[0117] k v ∝P r Ph P gd

[0118] k s ∝P h P gd (8)

[0119] Equation (8) shows that rainfall promotes vegetation growth, large-scale geological disasters cause vegetation death, and human activities may promote or inhibit vegetation growth. The positive or negative value of the proportionality coefficient can be set according to the actual situation of the study area. In addition, a basic fact is that the frequency of rainfall and the frequency of human activities in the time period [0, T] can be determined by the rainfall duration T. r Human activity duration T h and geological disasters gd Estimated by duration, i.e.:

[0120]

[0121] The duration of rainfall and the duration of human activities can be determined based on monitoring data from hydrological and meteorological stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, as well as the number and cycle of engineering projects in the region during that period. Large-scale geological disasters can be estimated from records of the local geological bureau. Combining equations (8) and (9), we can obtain:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula λ v , λ s These are coefficients related to the vegetation change process. Combining equations (7) and (10), we can obtain:

[0124]

[0125] Analytical expression of the dynamic changes in vegetation quantity obtained from equation (11):

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, N0 represents the initial vegetation quantity.

[0128] Therefore, the vegetation cover is:

[0129]

[0130] In the formula, the initial vegetation cover φ v0 It can be determined through field vegetation surveys.

[0131] The presence of crust can effectively protect the land surface and prevent soil erosion. This invention believes that although vegetation expansion interacts with the crust surface, due to the unique ecological effects of vegetation, the effect of vegetation on erosion is dominant in the area where vegetation expansion intersects with the crust surface, and the impact of crust is negligible. Following the vegetation dynamics model, it is also believed that rainfall promotes crust growth, human activities promote or inhibit crust growth, and natural disasters cause crust death. Therefore, the coverage of the crust surface can be quantitatively expressed in accordance with equation (13):

[0132]

[0133] In the formula λ scr , λ vcr This is a coefficient related to the crusting process. Therefore, the surface cover of the bare bed is:

[0134] φ bar =1-φ cr -φ veg (15)

[0135] Equations (13), (14), and (15) can be used to quantitatively describe the land surface types in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

[0136] Because wind and water erosion involve complex two-phase flow dynamics, modeling them solely from a physical perspective is not only cumbersome but also extremely difficult. To make the assessment method simple and applicable, we select the generally accepted semi-empirical-semi-physical equations for soil erosion to uniformly describe wind and water erosion. Only the model parameters need to be adjusted to be applicable to multiple natural scenarios.

[0137] E ij =K ij (τ bij -τ cij (16)

[0138] In the formula, subscripts i and j represent erosion type (wind, water) and surface type, respectively; i = a corresponds to wind, i = w corresponds to water; j = v or veg corresponds to vegetated surface, j = b corresponds to bare bed, and j = c corresponds to crust. K ij The soil erodibility coefficient is closely related to soil texture and is assumed to remain constant over time. However, equation (16) as a whole changes over time, τ. bij τ represents the shear stress on the bed surface. cij This represents the critical shear stress for soil erosion. In wind and water erosion, K can be expressed as... ij Use K uniformly r Characterization, soil erodibility coefficient K rThis can be estimated using the EPIC (Ecological Production through Intensive Cultivation) model:

[0139]

[0140] In the formula, SAN represents the content of soil sand (0.05-2mm), SIL represents the content of silt (0.002-0.05mm), CLA represents the content of clay (<0.002mm), and C represents the content of organic carbon.

[0141] The shear stress on the bed surface varies with the type of ground surface, but it can always be expressed by the following formula:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula ρ a ρ represents the density of air. w The density of water, u * Frictional wind speed / flow velocity.

[0144] For both bare beds and crusted surfaces, the wind field profile can be represented as follows:

[0145]

[0146] In the formula u a The wind speed is represented by δ, the surface roughness is d. 50 The median particle size in the soil can be obtained through field sampling, and k is the Karman constant, with a value of 0.4. The frictional wind speed u of the bare bed... *ab Frictional wind speed u on the crusted surface *ac It can be estimated from meteorological monitoring data, and the estimation method is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] In the formula, u1 is the wind speed at a certain height z1 observed by the weather tower.

[0149] For vegetated surfaces, the presence of vegetation resistance significantly reduces wind speed and thus alters the bed shear stress. Based on the principle of resistance distribution, the following applies:

[0150] τ tol =(1-φ veg )τ bv +nτ v (twenty one)

[0151] In the formula, τ tol The total shear stress on the bed surface is expressed as: τ bvτ represents the surface shear stress of the vegetation, and n represents the number of vegetation roots and stems per unit area. v Vegetation resistance is expressed as follows:

[0152]

[0153] In the formula S ws S represents the average lateral area of ​​a single plant. vs U represents the average vertical area, which can be obtained through field surveys. v C represents the average wind speed within the vegetation layer. da This is the air resistance coefficient. Combining equations (22) and (23), the shear stress on the vegetation surface can be obtained as follows:

[0154]

[0155] Wind speed u inside the vegetation layer veg Quantification by the formula proposed by Cionco (1983):

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, u hv Let be the wind speed at the vegetation height, and 'a' be the wind speed attenuation coefficient, empirically ranging from 2.1 to 2.4, with a value of 2.3 used in the model. Therefore, the average wind speed within the vegetation canopy is expressed as:

[0158]

[0159] Wind speeds above the vegetation canopy follow the logarithmic law, that is:

[0160]

[0161] z`0 represents the zero-wind-speed planar displacement height, z 0v This represents the effective surface roughness. Quantified using the empirical formula proposed by Stanhill (1969) and Tanner (1990), it is expressed as follows:

[0162] lgz′0=0.979lgh v -0.154

[0163] lgz 0v =0.997lgh v -0.883 (27)

[0164] In the formula h v The vegetation height can be obtained through field vegetation surveys.

[0165] Then u hv Frictional wind speed u with vegetation *av The relationship is:

[0166]

[0167] The combined formulas (18)-(28) can quantify the shear stress on the bed surface under wind force.

[0168] The shear stress on bare beds and crusted surfaces can be estimated using the following formula:

[0169] τ bwj =ρ w gh w J (29)

[0170] In the formula, h w Let J be the average runoff depth within the range [0, T], and J be the surface slope of the rainfall area within the range [0, T]. Where J = tanθ, and θ is the average ground elevation slope, which can be obtained based on geographic remote sensing imagery. Runoff depth can be determined by the rainfall frequency n. ra and average rainfall intensity I r Make an estimate: h w =I r T r / n ra .

[0171] τ of the bed shear stress on the vegetated ground surface bwυ Quantification can be performed based on the formula proposed by Lu (2021):

[0172]

[0173] In the formula U vw C represents the average flow velocity of water through vegetation. dw The drag coefficient is denoted as 1; D is the average root diameter per plant. The average flow velocity is quantified using the Manning formula:

[0174]

[0175] Among them, R υ Let g be the hydraulic radius and g be the acceleration due to gravity.

[0176] The comprehensive formulas (29)-(31) quantify the shear stress on the bed surface during water erosion.

[0177] For bare beds and crusted surfaces, surface moisture content is considered an important factor affecting wind erosion. Here, the empirical formula proposed by Shaoet et al. (1996) is used to express this:

[0178] u *cw =u *c exp(37.8w) (32)

[0179] In the formula, w is the surface soil moisture content, and u*c The initiation threshold for dry soil. This can be expressed by the method proposed by Baigno:

[0180]

[0181] In the formula, A is an empirical coefficient, ranging from 0.17 to 0.2. Therefore, the critical shear stress for soil erosion caused by surface wind erosion can be obtained as:

[0182]

[0183] Among them, u *cwa The wind erosion rate is for bare beds or crusted surfaces; it can be obtained from equation (32).

[0184] τ ca,b / c It can be τ cab (Critical shear stress of soil erosion under wind erosion on a bare bed) or τ cac (Critical shear stress of soil erosion on crusted surface by wind erosion).

[0185] Equation (32) is applicable to the prediction of bare beds and crusted surfaces.

[0186] For vegetated ground surfaces. Critical starting wind speed u cυa The prediction was made using the empirical formula given by Mu Qingsong (2007) of Lanzhou University:

[0187]

[0188] Combining equation (28), the critical shear stress for soil erosion in vegetation-covered surfaces can be obtained as follows:

[0189]

[0190] Among them, u *acυ The rate of wind erosion on the vegetation surface;

[0191] The water erosion threshold for bare beds and crusted surfaces is derived from relevant studies on the initiation of cohesive sediments, and the expression is:

[0192]

[0193] In the formula, γ′ is the soil bulk density; τ cw,b / c It can be τ cwb (Critical shear stress of soil erosion under water erosion on a bare bed) or τ cwc (Critical shear stress of soil erosion when the crusted surface is eroded by water).

[0194] For the critical shear stress of vegetation water erosion and soil erosion, we use the prediction formula proposed by Cheng et al. (2020) to quantify it:

[0195]

[0196] Where, ρ s This refers to the density of solid matter in the soil.

[0197] By combining equations (29) and (31), the critical shear stress of soil erosion due to vegetation water erosion can be obtained:

[0198]

[0199] The erosion rates of bare beds, crusts, and vegetated surfaces can be expressed as:

[0200] E bar =K rb [(τ bab +τ bwb )-(τ cab +τ cwb )]

[0201] E cr =K rc [(τ bac +τ bwc )-(τ cac +τ cwc (40)

[0202] E veg =K rveg [(τ bav +τ bwv )-(τ cav +τ cwv )]

[0203] Where, τ caveg =τ cav ;τ cwveg =τ cwv ;τ baυ =τ bυ .

[0204] By coupling all the above formulas, the soil erosion rate in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River can be obtained, taking into account the integrated ecological-human-climate model.

[0205] For the examples above, no complex numerical calculations are required; quantitative assessment can be achieved simply by substituting the data. Furthermore, the physical quantities are easy to obtain, and the acquisition methods are simple and convenient, as the geoscientific parameters are all common physical quantities. The computational cost is low, and the parameterization scheme has a solid physical foundation.

[0206] This invention comprehensively considers various land cover types (vegetation, crust, and bare soil), providing an analytical expression for land cover change in the Jinsha River region, and derives a parameterized scheme for soil erosion in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River from a physical perspective. This invention enables quantitative assessment of soil erosion in the Jinsha River region based on field observations, sampling, and data collection, allowing for the determination of the region's ecological status and the formulation of corresponding protection measures. Furthermore, it allows for simple quantitative predictions of the future ecological condition of the Jinsha River.

[0207] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily essential to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0208] Reference Figure 3 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a soil erosion assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following modules:

[0209] The first acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the soil coverage of different surface types in the target area and determine the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area.

[0210] The second acquisition module 302 is used to acquire target environmental information of the target area, and determine the bed shear stress and the critical shear stress for soil erosion based on the target environmental information and coverage.

[0211] Evaluation module 303 is used to determine the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress for soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient.

[0212] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to acquire climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and to predict the soil coverage of different surface types based on the climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information.

[0213] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to predict the change information of soil of different land surface types based on climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; and to predict the soil coverage of different land surface types based on the change information of soil of different land surface types.

[0214] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the first acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each surface type; and to calculate the soil erodibility coefficient of the soil for each surface type based on the gravel content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content.

[0215] In one optional embodiment of the present invention, the target area includes bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil. The second acquisition module 302 is used to determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under wind action, based on the target environmental information and coverage; and to determine the bed shear stress and critical soil erosion shear stress corresponding to the bare bed surface type soil, crusted surface type soil, and vegetated surface type soil under water flow, based on the target environmental information and coverage.

[0216] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the target environment information includes at least one of the following:

[0217] Wind speed information, water flow information.

[0218] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the evaluation module 303 is used to determine the soil erosion rate corresponding to different surface types of soil in the target area based on the bed shear stress, the critical shear stress of soil erosion, and the soil erodibility coefficient; and to calculate the soil erosion rate of the target area based on the soil erosion rate corresponding to each surface type of soil in the target area and the soil coverage of each surface type of soil.

[0219] In this embodiment of the invention, the soil cover of different surface types in the target area is obtained, and the soil erodibility coefficient of different surface types in the target area is determined; target environmental information of the target area is obtained, and the bed shear stress and critical shear stress for soil erosion are determined based on the target environmental information and soil cover; the soil erosion rate of the target area is determined based on the bed shear stress, critical shear stress for soil erosion, and soil erodibility coefficient. Through this embodiment of the invention, the soil erosion rate can be accurately determined.

[0220] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the soil erosion assessment method described above.

[0221] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for assessing soil erosion.

[0222] As the apparatus embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, it is described in a relatively simple manner. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method embodiment.

[0223] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0224] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0225] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0226] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0227] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0228] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0229] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0230] The above provides a detailed description of a soil erosion assessment method, a soil erosion assessment device, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of assessing soil erosion, characterized in that, The method comprises: obtaining coverage of different soil types in a target area, and determining soil erodibility coefficients of the different soil types in the target area; obtaining target environmental information of the target area, and determining bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage; determining soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficients; wherein the target area comprises soil of a bare bed surface type, soil of a crust surface type, and soil of a vegetation surface type; the soil erosion rate E of the target region R = E bar φ bar + E cr φ cr + E veg φ veg ; wherein φbare, φcrust, and φveg represent the coverages of bare ground, crust, and vegetation, respectively, and satisfy: φbare+φcrust+φveg=1; Ebare represents the erosion rate of bare ground, Ecrust represents the erosion rate of crust, and Ev veg represents the erosion rate of vegetation. bar cr veg bar cr veg bar cr veg ​​​​​​​​​ where K rb is the soil erodibility coefficient for bare ground surface, K rc is the soil erodibility coefficient for crust surface, K rveg is the soil erodibility coefficient for vegetated surface; τ bij denotes the bed shear stress, τ cij denotes the soil erosion critical shear stress, i corresponds to wind when i is a, i corresponds to water when i is w; j corresponds to vegetated surface when j is v, j corresponds to bare ground when j is b, and j corresponds to crust when j is c.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the obtaining of the coverage of different soil types in the target area comprises: obtaining climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information; predicting the coverage of different soil types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, the predicting of the coverage of different soil types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information comprises: predicting change information of different soil types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information; predicting the coverage of different soil types according to the change information of different soil types.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, the determining of the soil erodibility coefficients of different soil types in the target area comprises: obtaining sand content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of each soil type; calculating soil erodibility coefficients of each soil type according to the sand content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content of the soil.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, the determining of the bed shear stress and the soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environmental information and the coverage comprises: determining bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress of the soil of the bare bed surface type, the soil of the crust surface type, and the soil of the vegetation surface type under the action of wind according to the target environmental information and the coverage; and determining bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress of the soil of the bare bed surface type, the soil of the crust surface type, and the soil of the vegetation surface type under the action of water flow according to the target environmental information and the coverage.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, the target environmental information comprises at least one of: wind speed information and water flow information.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, the determining of the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil comprises: determining soil erosion rates of different soil types in the target area according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficients; calculating the soil erosion rate of the target area according to the soil erosion rates of each soil type in the target area and the coverage of each soil type.

8. An apparatus for assessing soil erosion, characterized by the device comprises: The first obtaining module is configured to obtain coverage degrees of different soil types in the target region, and determine soil erodibility coefficients of the different soil types in the target region. The second obtaining module is configured to obtain target environment information of the target region, and determine bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress according to the target environment information and the coverage degrees. The evaluation module is configured to determine a soil erosion rate of the target region according to the bed shear stress, the soil erosion critical shear stress, and the soil erodibility coefficients. The target region includes bare bed soil, crust soil, and vegetation soil. the soil erosion rate E of the target area R = E bar φ bar + E cr φ cr + E veg φ veg ; wherein φbare, φcrust, and φveg represent the coverages of bare ground, crust, and vegetation, respectively, and satisfy: φbare+φcrust+φveg=1; Ebare represents the erosion rate of bare ground, Ecrust represents the erosion rate of crust, and Ev veg represents the erosion rate of vegetation. bar cr veg bar cr veg bar cr veg wherein φbare, φcrust, and φveg represent the coverages of bare ground, crust, and vegetation, respectively, and satisfy: φbare+φcrust+φveg=1; Ebare represents the erosion rate of bare ground, Ecrust represents the erosion rate of crust, and Ev veg represents the erosion rate of vegetation.​​​​​​​​ where K rb is the soil erodibility coefficient for bare ground surface, K rc is the soil erodibility coefficient for crust ground surface, K rveg is the soil erodibility coefficient for vegetated ground surface; τ bij denotes the bed shear stress, τ cij denotes the soil erosion critical shear stress, i corresponds to wind for i = a, water for i = w; j corresponds to vegetated ground surface for j = v, bare ground for j = b, and crust for j = c.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein The first obtaining module is configured to obtain climate information, human activity information, and geological disaster information, and predict the coverage degrees of the different soil types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein The first obtaining module is configured to predict change information of the different soil types according to the climate information, the human activity information, and the geological disaster information, and predict the coverage degrees of the different soil types according to the change information of the different soil types.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein The first obtaining module is configured to obtain sand content, silt content, clay content, and organic carbon content of the soil corresponding to each soil type, and calculate the soil erodibility coefficients of the soil of each soil type according to the sand content, the silt content, the clay content, and the organic carbon content of the soil.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The second obtaining module is configured to determine bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress of the bare bed soil, the crust soil, and the vegetation soil under the action of wind according to the target environment information and the coverage degrees, and determine bed shear stress and soil erosion critical shear stress of the bare bed soil, the crust soil, and the vegetation soil under the action of water flow according to the target environment information and the coverage degrees.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein, The target environment information includes at least one of the following: Wind speed information and water flow information.

14. An electronic device, comprising: A computer program is stored on the computer readable storage medium and is executable on the processor to implement the soil erosion evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer readable storage medium and is executable on the processor to implement the soil erosion evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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