Electronic equipment and antenna working method

Abstract

The invention discloses electronic equipment and an antenna working method, and the electronic equipment comprises an antenna module which is in a working state and generates a radiation electric field, and the radiation electric field corresponds to an electric field direction; the adjusting assembly is arranged on the electronic equipment and located on the radiation path of the radiation electric field, and the adjusting assembly is used for changing the direction of the electric field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically to an electronic device and an antenna working method. Background Art

[0002] At present, electronic devices with communication functions generate electromagnetic waves during wireless communication. When the electronic devices are close to the human body, the electromagnetic waves will enter the human body and produce radiation effects on the human body. In the prior art, SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) is usually used to measure the electromagnetic energy absorbed and consumed by the human body in an electromagnetic wave exposure environment, and the SAR is kept within a safe range by suppressing the antenna power of the electronic device.

[0003] Therefore, how to control the SAR value of electronic devices within a safe range without affecting the communication quality of the electronic devices is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] An electronic device, comprising:

[0006] An antenna module, wherein the antenna module generates a radiation electric field when in operation, and the radiation electric field corresponds to an electric field direction;

[0007] An adjusting component is arranged on the electronic device and is located on the radiation path of the radiated electric field, and the adjusting component is used to change the direction of the electric field.

[0008] Optionally, the adjustment component includes an isolation unit with a resonance function, and the resonance frequency of the isolation unit matches the resonance frequency of the antenna module, wherein the isolation units in the adjustment component are arranged in a preset arrangement so that the adjustment component can change the direction of the electric field, and the preset arrangement at least includes a periodic arrangement.

[0009] Optionally, the isolation unit includes at least one of the following structures:

[0010] A first structure having an opening, wherein the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the size of the opening of the first structure;

[0011] a second structure composed of a metal wire, wherein the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the length of the metal wire;

[0012] The third structure has a hole, and the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the shape of the hole.

[0013] Optionally, the isolation units in the adjustment component do not contact each other and are arranged at a target distance, and the target distance is determined at least based on the resonant frequency range and radiation characteristics of the antenna module, wherein the radiation characteristics are at least determined by the radiation value generated by the electromagnetic waves of the antenna module to the first target, and the first target includes at least a user using the electronic device and a human body model for specific absorption rate testing.

[0014] Optionally, the electronic device comprises a housing;

[0015] The adjustment component is arranged between the outer peripheral surface of the circuit board of the electronic device and the shell.

[0016] Optionally, the adjustment component includes a substrate, and at least one layer of isolation units arranged on the substrate in a preset arrangement, wherein the substrate is attached to the shell, and the isolation units are opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the circuit board.

[0017] Optionally, the adjustment component is disposed between an outer peripheral surface of a circuit board of the electronic device and a first area of ​​the shell, and the first area represents a gripping area of ​​the shell by a user of the electronic device.

[0018] Optionally, the first area includes at least one sub-area, the isolation unit further includes a first adjustment sub-unit, and the electronic device further includes a control component;

[0019] The control component is used to determine a first target sub-area in the first area based on the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the first adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the first target sub-area to adjust so that the adjusted position of the isolation unit of the first target sub-area is adapted to the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device.

[0020] Optionally, the isolation unit further includes a second adjustment subunit;

[0021] The control component is further used to determine a second target sub-region in the first region based on the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the second target sub-region to adjust, so that the isolation units of the adjusted second target sub-region are arranged in a first arrangement matching the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device;

[0022] The control component is also used to determine at least one third target sub-area in the first area based on the morphological change of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the third target sub-area to adjust, so that the isolation unit of the adjusted third target sub-area is arranged in a second arrangement method matching the morphological change of the electronic device, and the morphological change at least includes a change in the folding shape of the electronic device.

[0023] An antenna working method is applied to an electronic device, wherein the electronic device comprises an antenna module and an adjustment component, wherein the adjustment component is located in a target area of ​​the electronic device, and the method comprises:

[0024] Detecting that the antenna module operates at a first power;

[0025] If it is detected that the distance between the first target and the target area is less than a preset threshold, the antenna module is maintained to operate at the first power, and the first target at least includes a user using the electronic device and a human body model used for specific absorption rate testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a common situation in which electromagnetic waves enter the human body from the air;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of horizontal and vertical components of an incident wave and a refracted wave provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the refraction of an electromagnetic wave through an adjustment component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of adjustment components on the inner surface of a mobile phone housing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a user holding a mobile phone provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a slide rail in an adjustment assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 A flowchart of an antenna operating method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] The terms "first" and "second" in this application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may include steps or units that are not listed.

[0037] To facilitate understanding, some terms and application scenarios involved in the embodiments of the present application are briefly introduced below.

[0038] SAR: Specific Absorption Rate. When electromagnetic waves enter the human body, they generate induced currents with the electromagnetic field in the human body. Therefore, the specific absorption rate can also be called the electromagnetic wave absorption ratio. Since the human body is a lossy medium, the electromagnetic wave energy will be consumed. The existing technology uses SAR to measure the consumption of electromagnetic waves. Among them, the larger the SAR value, the more electromagnetic wave energy the human body consumes, and the greater the damage to the human body.

[0039] In order to control the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, industry organizations have safety regulations for the SAR values ​​of electronic devices such as mobile phones. In related technologies, in order to meet the safety standards for SAR values, electronic device manufacturers usually design electronic devices to reduce the power of electromagnetic waves radiated by electronic devices when they are close to the human body, thereby reducing the SAR value. If the power of electromagnetic waves radiated is always reduced, the quality of the communication signal of the electronic device will be reduced, which cannot meet the application of the electronic device in related scenarios.

[0040] Therefore, an electronic device is provided in an embodiment of the present application. An adjustment component is set in the electronic device, and the adjustment component is set on the radiation path of the radiated electric field generated by the antenna component in the working state, so that the adjustment component changes the electric field direction corresponding to the radiated electric field, thereby reducing the current generated in the human body and reducing the electromagnetic wave loss. Therefore, without reducing the working power of the antenna module, the SAR value can be reduced, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the electronic device.

[0041] See also Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 The electronic device shown in the figure only shows some of its components. In actual application scenarios, the electronic device can be used in a variety of different ways according to its application characteristics. Figure 1 On the basis of the structure of the electronic device shown, relevant functional components are added or reduced. Specifically, Figure 1 A side view of a motherboard of an electronic device. Figure 1 The electronic device shown may include an antenna module 101 and an adjustment component 102. Figure 1 The antenna module can be arranged on a main board of the electronic device, and the main board can be a circuit board of the electronic device. Furthermore, the electronic device can also include a processor, a memory, an input component, an output component, a sensor component, and the like.

[0042] The antenna module 101 generates a radiated electric field when in operation, and the radiated electric field corresponds to the direction of the electric field. The direction of the radiated electric field is consistent with the direction of the electric field. The direction of the electric field is used to describe the distribution of the electric field. In the electric field, the tangent direction of the electric field line represents the direction of the electric field strength at that point. The adjustment component 102 is disposed in the electronic device and is located on the radiation path of the radiated electric field. The adjustment component is used to change the direction of the electric field.

[0043] The regulating component may be a composite material of an artificially designed structure, which has extraordinary physical properties, and such properties are mainly derived from their artificially designed structure rather than the inherent properties of the material itself. Specifically, the regulating component may have specific electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, which are different from those of conventional materials. For example, the regulating component may have a negative refractive index, that is, at least one of the dielectric constant (ε) and the magnetic permeability (μ) of the regulating component is negative. In the regulating component with a negative refractive index, the direction relationship between the electric field vector, the magnetic field vector and the wave vector of the electromagnetic wave is opposite to that of conventional materials, resulting in the opposite direction of the electromagnetic wave's wave direction and the energy propagation direction.

[0044] According to the definition of SAR of electronic equipment antenna modules, the SAR of antenna modules is mainly determined by the magnitude of the electric field in the electromagnetic waves entering the user's body. Generally speaking, the larger the electric field modulus (the electric field modulus usually refers to the magnitude of the electric field strength, that is, the measure of the electric field strength at a certain point in the electric field) of the electromagnetic waves entering human tissue, the higher the SAR value of the antenna module. According to the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field, the horizontal component of the electric field strength is continuous from medium 1 (such as air) to medium 2 (such as human tissue), such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the transmission of electromagnetic waves without processing the electronic device is shown. Figure 2 If the electronic device is close to the user, even if the user does not hold the electronic device, when the antenna module of the electronic device is working, when it transmits or receives signals, the antenna module will generate a radiation electric field, and the electromagnetic waves in the radiation electric field will enter the human body from the air. Specifically, the schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave entering the human body from the air medium is as follows Figure 2 As shown on the right. Since the electric displacement vector of the vertical component of the electric field strength is continuous. According to the relationship between the electric displacement vector and the electric field, the electric displacement vector of the vertical component can be expressed by the electric field of the vertical component. Because the dielectric constant of human tissue is greater than the dielectric constant of air, the electric field strength of the vertical component will be greatly reduced, and the contribution to the SAR value will be relatively small. Ultimately, the source of SAR in the human body is mainly the electric field of the horizontal component.

[0045] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, when electromagnetic waves enter the human body from the air, the deflection angle of the refracted waves of the electromagnetic waves in the human body conforms to Snell's law (Snell's law or law of refraction), which describes the basic law of the relationship between the incident angle and the refraction angle of light when light enters another medium from one medium, that is, n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2. Among them, n1 represents the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave in the air, n2 represents the refractive index of the electromagnetic wave entering the human body, θ1 represents the angle between the propagation direction of the incident wave of the electromagnetic wave and the normal line of the air surface, and θ2 represents the angle between the propagation direction of the refracted wave of the electromagnetic wave and the normal line of the human body medium surface. Figure 2 In electromagnetic waves, E represents the electric field intensity, D represents the electric field flux density, and Represents the incident wave of electromagnetic wave; Represents the refracted wave of electromagnetic waves. Because the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability of the human body are relatively fixed, the refractive index of the human body is also relatively consistent, and the deflection of electromagnetic waves in the human body will not be extreme.

[0046] See also Figure 3, which shows a schematic diagram of the horizontal and vertical components of an incident wave and a refracted wave provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the horizontal component of the incident wave is expressed as The vertical component of the incident wave is expressed as Correspondingly, the horizontal component of the refracted wave is expressed as The vertical component of the refracted wave is expressed as Therefore, the definition of SAR in the antenna module can be expressed as:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, σ represents conductivity, ρ represents human tissue density, and E represents electric field strength.

[0049] exist Figure 2 According to the boundary conditions of the electromagnetic field:

[0050] E1E2

[0051] D1nD2n

[0052]

[0053] Among them, D=εE, ε1 represents the dielectric constant in the air, and ε2 represents the dielectric constant in the human body. The dielectric constant in the human body is greater than that in the air, so the vertical component of the electric field is reduced. Therefore, the electric field of the horizontal component mainly contributes to SAR.

[0054] See also Figure 4 , which is a schematic diagram of electromagnetic waves entering the human body from the air through the regulating component after the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied. Figure 4 In the left part, the electronic device includes an antenna component 401 and an adjustment component 402. The antenna component 401 generates a radiation electric field in the working state. The electromagnetic waves in the radiation electric field will pass through the adjustment component and then enter the human body, and the electric field direction corresponding to the radiation electric field will be changed by the adjustment component. In order to facilitate the explanation of the working principle of the adjustment component, the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave passing through the air medium and the adjustment component and entering the human body medium is used for explanation. Among them, the adjustment component can be a metamaterial medium layer, which can specifically be a structure of periodic arrangement of a plane, and the structure has a negative refractive index. Then, the metamaterial can control its conversion rate by designing different structures. At this time, the electromagnetic wave entering the material from the air no longer satisfies the general Snell's law, but follows the generalized Snell's law. This law also shows that the desired refractive index can be obtained by controlling the structure of the metamaterial, that is, the direction of the electromagnetic wave in the metamaterial can be controlled, and finally the electric field value of the horizontal component can be greatly reduced when the electromagnetic wave enters the human tissue. Figure 4 In, through Represents the incident wave of the electromagnetic wave in the air medium; the direction of the electric field of the incident wave is changed by adjusting the component, so that the direction of the corresponding refracted wave is the same as Figure 2 The direction of the refracted wave is opposite, that is, the direction of its electric field is changed by adjusting the negative refractive index of the component, and then the electromagnetic wave refracted by the negative refractive index of the adjusting component is transmitted to the human body. Represents the refraction of electromagnetic waves in the human body medium. At this time, SAR can be expressed as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, E 3t Represents the horizontal component of the electromagnetic wave entering the human body, E 3n It represents the vertical component of the electromagnetic wave entering the human body, σ represents the conductivity, and ρ represents the density of human tissue.

[0057] At this time, because the horizontal component of the electric field is reduced, the overall SAR value is reduced.

[0058] From the propagation principle of the electromagnetic waves after passing through the adjustment component mentioned above, it can be known that in the embodiment of the present application, an adjustment component is arranged on the radiation path of the radiation electric field of the antenna module, which may have a negative refractive index, so that the electromagnetic waves entering the adjustment component may be abnormally deflected, that is, the direction of the electric field is changed, and the horizontal component electric field that eventually enters the human tissue is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the SAR value of the antenna, and does not affect the normal working power of the antenna module. There is no need to reduce the SAR value of the antenna module by reducing the working power of the antenna module, thereby ensuring the signal communication quality.

[0059] In order to enable the adjustment component in the electronic device to meet the working characteristics of the antenna module of the electronic device, it is necessary to determine the composition structure and corresponding arrangement of the adjustment component before the electronic device leaves the factory, so that the adjustment component can achieve the purpose of reducing the SAR value within different working frequency ranges of the electronic device.

[0060] In one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the adjustment component includes an isolation unit with a resonance function, and the resonant frequency of the isolation unit matches the resonant frequency of the antenna module, wherein the isolation units in the adjustment component are arranged in a preset arrangement so that the adjustment component can change the direction of the electric field, and the preset arrangement at least includes a periodic arrangement. Specifically, in order to make the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of the adjustment component different from those of conventional materials, it is necessary to artificially compound the conventional materials to obtain the adjustment component. The individual isolation units constituting the adjustment component can be conventional materials, and the resonant frequency of the isolation unit matches the resonant frequency of the antenna module, so that the adjustment component can operate within the resonant frequency range of the antenna module. The resonant frequency of the antenna module refers to the frequency at which the antenna module can achieve the best radiation efficiency at this frequency. Generally, the resonant frequency of the antenna module can be a frequency within its corresponding resonant frequency range. The resonant frequency range of the antenna module is related to the design structure and application scenario of the antenna module, so the resonant frequency of the antenna module can be determined according to the design structure and transmission characteristics of the antenna module. The resonant frequency of the adjustment component is determined based on the resonant frequency, and the resonant frequency of the adjustment component is related to the resonant frequency of the isolation unit that constitutes the adjustment component. Therefore, when designing the adjustment component, the specific structure of the isolation unit can be determined based on the structural characteristics of the isolation unit, so that the resonant frequency of the adjustment component matches the resonant frequency of the antenna module. Specifically, matching the resonant frequency of the adjustment component with the resonant frequency of the antenna module includes making the resonant frequency of the adjustment component the same as the resonant frequency of the antenna module.

[0061] The isolation units are arranged in a preset arrangement so that the adjustment component composed of these isolation units has specific electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics, such as making the adjustment component have a negative refractive index. Specifically, the negative refractive index range of the adjustment component can be determined according to the resonant frequency range of the antenna module, and then the preset arrangement of the isolation units in the adjustment component can be determined according to the negative refractive index range, wherein the preset arrangement includes an arrangement mode and the spacing information of each isolation unit in the arrangement mode.

[0062] Specifically, the resonant frequency of the isolation unit is related to the structure of the selected isolation unit. Before designing the adjustment component, the structure of the selected isolation unit can be adjusted according to the resonant frequency of the antenna module so that the resonant frequency of the isolation unit matches the resonant frequency of the antenna module.

[0063] In one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the isolation unit includes at least one of the following structures:

[0064] The first structure with an opening, the resonant frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the size of the opening of the first structure. For example, the first interface can be an open resonant ring, the resonant frequency of the open resonant ring is related to its structural parameters, and the size of the opening can be adjusted to change the inductance and capacitance values ​​in the equivalent circuit, thereby changing the resonant frequency. Specifically, the size of the opening can directly affect the capacitance value, thereby affecting the resonant frequency. For example, the larger the opening, the greater the capacitance value, resulting in a lower resonant frequency. Correspondingly, if the first structure with an opening is an open resonant ring, different resonant frequencies can also be obtained by changing the size of the ring. The resonant frequency can also be changed by introducing a metal short wire in the gap between the two rings and by the number of metal short wires.

[0065] The isolation unit can also be a second structure composed of metal wires. In this case, the resonant frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the length of the metal wire. When the isolation unit is composed of the second structure corresponding to the metal wire, the metal wire can be equivalent to an inductor, and its inductance value is proportional to the length of the metal wire. An increase in the inductance value will cause the resonant frequency to decrease. Therefore, the resonant frequency of the corresponding isolation unit can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the metal wire. If the metal wire in the isolation unit can also be obtained by winding a metal wire, the corresponding resonant frequency can also be adjusted by changing the number of turns of the metal wire coil.

[0066] The isolation unit may also be a third structure having a hole, and the resonant frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the shape of the hole. Specifically, the corresponding resonant frequency may be adjusted by changing the shape and size of the hole. For example, if the third structure is a metal fishing net structure, the resonant frequency may be adjusted by changing the size of the hole, such as increasing the size of the hole to reduce the resonant frequency.

[0067] In addition to determining the structure and corresponding structural features of the isolation units that constitute the adjustment component, the resonant frequency of the adjustment component can be matched with the resonant frequency of the antenna module. It is further necessary to determine the specific electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of the adjustment component within the resonant frequency range, such as determining the negative refractive index range corresponding to the resonant frequency range, which is mainly determined by the arrangement characteristics of the isolation units, such as the arrangement pattern of the isolation units when they are periodically arranged and the intervals between the isolation units. In one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the isolation units in the adjustment component do not contact each other and are arranged at a target distance from each other, and the target distance is determined based on at least the resonant frequency range and radiation characteristics of the antenna module, wherein the radiation characteristics are at least determined by the radiation value generated by the electromagnetic waves of the antenna module to the user or the human body model used for the specific absorption rate test.

[0068] Specifically, the radiation characteristics can be determined according to the SAR value of the antenna module, so that the negative refractive index range of the adjustment component can be determined, and then the adjustment component composed of the isolation unit through a specific arrangement and the corresponding interval target distance has a negative refractive index within the negative refractive index range. For example, the negative refractive index range of the adjustment component can be determined according to the SAR value corresponding to the electronic device and the resonant frequency of the antenna module, and then the interval target distance between the isolation units is calculated according to the negative refractive index range. For example, if the electronic device is a mobile phone, the resonant frequency range of the mobile phone can be determined according to the antenna characteristics of the mobile phone and the application scenario of the mobile phone, such as the frequency band of the mobile phone power, for example, 1.7GHz to 2.7GHz, and the corresponding SAR value of the electronic device can determine that the negative refractive index range with respect to the resonant frequency range can be -12 to -1. Then it is necessary to calculate what kind of arrangement method to use and the interval target distance between each isolation unit according to the negative refractive index range. It is further determined that it can be a periodic arrangement, and the interval target distance between each unit, so that the periodically arranged isolation unit under the interval reaches this negative refractive index range.

[0069] When the preset arrangement mode is a periodic arrangement mode, the isolation units can be periodically arranged based on the target distance between the isolation units to obtain an adjustment component. When the preset arrangement mode is a gradient arrangement mode, a gradient parameter can be determined based on the target distance, and the gradient parameter characterizes the spacing regularity between the isolation units, such as the isolation units are arranged in the order of spacing distances of 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1... to obtain an adjustment component. When the preset arrangement mode is a preset pattern arrangement mode, an arrangement pattern that satisfies the spacing can be determined based on the target distance, and then the isolation units are arranged according to the target distance and the arrangement pattern to obtain an adjustment component. For example, the arrangement pattern may include but is not limited to a "rice" pattern, a "cross" pattern, a rectangular pattern, and an "I" pattern.

[0070] In order to minimize the change in the original hardware layout of the electronic device and facilitate the arrangement and maintenance of the adjustment component, the adjustment component can be arranged between the outer surface of the circuit board of the electronic device and the housing of the electronic device. In this way, the adjustment component can surround the antenna component, and it is convenient to add the adjustment component to the original component layout of the electronic device, and it is also convenient to maintain the adjustment component later.

[0071] Furthermore, the adjustment component may include a substrate, and at least one layer of isolation units arranged on the substrate in a preset arrangement, wherein the substrate is attached to the housing of the electronic device, and the isolation units are opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the circuit board. The substrate of the adjustment component is a material that can transmit electromagnetic waves, such as a synthetic material, rubber, plastic, etc. A layer of isolation units arranged in a preset arrangement may be provided on the substrate, or two or more layers of isolation units arranged in a preset arrangement may be provided, such as referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the inner surface of the mobile phone housing is shown, so the isolation unit can be arranged as follows Figure 5 The substrate where the isolation units arranged in the pattern shown are located is arranged on the inner surface of the mobile phone housing, which is convenient for adjusting the setting and subsequent maintenance of the components. Figure 5 As shown, 501 indicates that the adjustment component is set in the target area on the inner surface of the mobile phone housing, 502 indicates the adjustment component, 5021 indicates the substrate of the adjustment component, and 5022 indicates the isolation unit of the adjustment component. These isolation units are arranged according to Figure 5 The arrangement is arranged on the substrate. It can be determined according to the application scenario and structural characteristics of the electronic device. Usually, a one-layer or two-layer setting mode can be adopted, which can not only meet the purpose of reducing the SAR value, but also ensure the light and thin shape of the electronic device. For example, if two layers of isolation units arranged in a preset arrangement are arranged on the substrate, the adjustment component also includes a connecting structure, and the isolation units at the same position in different layers are connected by the connecting structure. The connecting structure will not affect the characteristics of the isolation units of each layer, and further, the connecting structure will not participate in changing the negative refractive index of the adjustment component. In some special application scenarios, such as scenarios with high requirements for the radiation safety of electronic equipment, absorbing materials can also be added between the two layers of isolation units.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to further reduce the SAR value of the antenna module, the adjustment component can be set in the user's grip area. Specifically, in one embodiment, the adjustment component is set between the outer surface of the circuit board of the electronic device and the first area of ​​the shell, and the first area represents the grip area of ​​the electronic device user on the object. Figure 6 , is a schematic diagram of a user holding a mobile phone provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the first area may be the contact area between the palm of the user in the holding state and the housing of the electronic device. Figure 6 The area 601 on the housing of the electronic device is the first area, ie, the user's holding area.

[0073] Furthermore, due to the different forms, usage states or holding habits of electronic devices, in order to be able to achieve the above-mentioned specific scenarios and to reduce the SAR value of the antenna module to a greater extent, multiple sub-areas may be set to meet the changes in the usage mode of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the first area in the above-mentioned embodiment includes at least one sub-area, and the isolation unit also includes a first adjustment sub-unit. Correspondingly, the electronic device also includes a control component, which is used to determine a first target sub-area in the first area based on the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the first adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the first target sub-area to adjust so that the adjusted position of the isolation unit of the first target sub-area is adapted to the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device.

[0074] Changes in the angle at which the user holds the electronic device or the posture of the electronic device can affect the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device. Therefore, the acceleration sensor and angle sensor (such as a gyroscope, etc.) in the electronic device can be used to monitor whether the center of gravity of the electronic device has changed. For example, an acceleration sensor is used to measure the acceleration on the three axes (X, Y, and Z axes) of the electronic device, so as to determine whether the center of gravity of the electronic device has changed based on the acceleration. The rotation rate of the electronic device around the three axes can also be measured by a gyroscope, etc., and the rotation rate can be used to determine whether the center of gravity of the electronic device has changed. In implementation, the sensor that monitors the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device can be connected to the control component. When the control component obtains the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device monitored by the sensor, a corresponding control instruction will be generated, and the control instruction can control the adjustment mode of the first adjustment subunit of the isolation unit.

[0075] In this embodiment, the control component first determines a first target sub-area corresponding to the current center of gravity position of the electronic device, and the first target sub-area can represent the gripping area of ​​the user on the housing of the electronic device when the electronic device is at the current center of gravity position. Then the control component controls the first adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the first target sub-area to adjust, and the first adjustment sub-unit can be a moving component with the function of adjusting the isolation unit position, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 ,exist Figure 7 FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a partial slide rail 701 arranged on a substrate 700 on a housing of an electronic device and an isolation unit 702 on the slide rail, that is, Figure 7The first adjustment subunit shown can be a slide rail 701 connected to the isolation unit, and the slide rail can be set on the substrate of the corresponding adjustment component. By controlling the sliding of the slide rail on the substrate, the position of the isolation unit corresponding to the first adjustment subunit can be changed. So that the adjusted isolation unit can adapt to the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device. For example, the interval between each isolation unit can be adjusted by the first adjustment subunit to adapt to the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device, or the position or layout of each isolation unit corresponding to the first adjustment subunit can be adjusted to adapt to the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device. For example, before the center of gravity of the electronic device changes, the isolation unit can be adjusted to the sub-area corresponding to the first gripping area. After the center of gravity of the electronic device changes, it can be moved by the first adjustment subunit so that the corresponding isolation unit moves to the sub-area corresponding to the second gripping area to minimize the electromagnetic waves entering the human body. In this embodiment, the first adjustment subunit can be realized by non-electric drive of the control component, and its realization is more convenient.

[0076] In another embodiment of the present application, the isolation unit further includes a second adjustment subunit, which is implemented based on the electric drive of the control component, and has a higher adjustment accuracy. The control component is also used to determine the second target sub-area in the first area based on the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment subunit corresponding to the isolation unit of the second target sub-area to adjust, so that the isolation unit of the adjusted second target sub-area is arranged in a first arrangement matching the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device.

[0077] Among them, the second adjustment subunit can be a diode or an adjustable capacitor in the isolation unit. By controlling the conduction of the diode, the isolation unit can be in the working state of the adjustment component, so that the arrangement of each isolation unit in the adjustment component can be adjusted based on the coding method of the diode that controls the isolation unit in the adjustment component, so that the adjusted arrangement is adapted to the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device. When the second adjustment subunit is an adjustable capacitor, the spacing of the isolation unit can also be changed by adjusting the capacitance value of the adjustable capacitor corresponding to the isolation unit, that is, changing the spacing of the isolation unit in the original arrangement to obtain the adjusted first arrangement, so as to match the change of the center of gravity of the electronic device.

[0078] Correspondingly, the control component is also used to determine at least one third target sub-area in the first area based on the morphological change of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the third target sub-area to be adjusted so that the isolation unit of the adjusted third target sub-area is arranged in a second arrangement manner matching the morphological change of the electronic device, wherein the morphological change at least includes a change in the folding shape of the electronic device.

[0079] Among them, if the electronic device is a foldable electronic device, the morphological change of the electronic device at least includes changing from a folded form to an unfolded form, or from an unfolded form to a folded form. For example, when the electronic device is in the unfolded form, the user's gripping area may be an area of ​​the electronic device housing, and when the electronic device is in the folded state, the user's gripping area may be an area of ​​the upper and lower housings of the electronic device. Thus, the user's current gripping area can be determined according to the morphological change of the electronic device, that is, at least one third target sub-area is determined, and a second arrangement method corresponding to the third target sub-area is determined. Then, the isolation unit in the third target sub-area is adjusted by the second adjustment subunit to be arranged according to the corresponding second arrangement method. Specifically, the structural features and adjustment methods of the second adjustment subunit have been described in the aforementioned embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0080] In an embodiment of the present application, an antenna working method is also provided, which is applied to an electronic device. The electronic device includes an antenna module and an adjustment component. The adjustment component is located in a target area in the electronic device. Figure 8 , the method may include the following steps:

[0081] S801. Detect that the antenna module operates at a first power.

[0082] S802: If it is detected that the distance between the first target and the target area is less than a preset threshold, maintain the antenna module operating at the first power.

[0083] The first target at least includes a user of the electronic device and a human body model used for specific absorption rate testing.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present application, when the antenna module operates within its corresponding resonant frequency range, the SAR value can be reduced by adding an adjustment component without changing the current power of the antenna module, thereby solving the problem of poor communication quality caused by reducing the antenna power. Among them, the power of the antenna module may include transmit power and receive power. The target area of ​​the electronic device may be a user's common area of ​​the electronic device, such as the target area may be a user's holding area of ​​the electronic device, or an area where the electronic device is used. The preset threshold may be determined according to the SAR standard of the electronic device and the characteristics of the electronic device. Specifically, the distance between the first target and the target area may be detected by a distance sensor, such as the distance sensor may be set at any position of the electronic device, more accurately, the distance sensor may be set in the target area or an adjacent area of ​​the target area, or the distance sensor may be set in the area corresponding to the antenna module. The distance sensor may be an ultrasonic distance sensor, an infrared ranging sensor, etc. Correspondingly, the distance sensor may also be a capacitive ranging sensor. In the case of a capacitive ranging sensor, since the isolation unit in the adjustment component may also include a capacitor, in order to avoid interference between the two and other problems, the capacitive ranging sensor may be calibrated before ranging to exclude the influence of the relevant isolation unit in the adjustment component on its ranging.

[0085] Furthermore, when designing the adjustment component, the effect of the adjustment component can also be verified through a human body model used to test the specific absorption rate (SAR). Specifically, when testing the effect of reducing SAR, in addition to the human body model, a SAR measurement system can also be composed of a measuring instrument, a probe pair and a robotic arm. The system is placed in an environmentally controlled test room, wherein the interior of the human body model is liquid (simulating human tissue fluid), and the electromagnetic properties of the liquid are consistent with those of human tissue. The probe can move freely therein for testing, and finally the SAR value is calculated using the formula in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0086] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0087] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0088] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly using hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0089] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: An antenna module, wherein the antenna module generates a radiation electric field when in operation, and the radiation electric field corresponds to an electric field direction; An adjusting component is arranged on the electronic device and is located on the radiation path of the radiated electric field, and the adjusting component is used to change the direction of the electric field.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment component comprises an isolation unit having a resonance function, and the resonance frequency of the isolation unit matches the resonance frequency of the antenna module, wherein: In the regulating component, the isolation units are arranged in a preset arrangement so that the regulating component can change the direction of the electric field. The preset arrangement at least includes a periodic arrangement.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the isolation unit comprises at least one of the following structures: A first structure having an opening, wherein the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the size of the opening of the first structure; a second structure composed of a metal wire, wherein the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the length of the metal wire; The third structure has a hole, and the resonance frequency of the isolation unit is determined by adjusting the shape of the hole.

4. The electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the isolation units in the adjustment component do not contact each other and are arranged at a target distance, and the target distance is determined based on at least the resonant frequency range and radiation characteristics of the antenna module, wherein: The radiation characteristic is at least determined by the radiation value generated by the electromagnetic wave of the antenna module to the first target, and the first target at least includes a user using the electronic device and a human body model used for specific absorption rate testing.

5. The electronic device according to claim 1, comprising a housing; The adjustment component is arranged between the outer peripheral surface of the circuit board of the electronic device and the shell.

6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the regulating component comprises a substrate, and at least one layer of isolation units arranged on the substrate in a preset arrangement, wherein: The substrate is attached to the housing, and the isolation unit is opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the circuit board.

7. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the adjustment component is disposed between an outer peripheral surface of a circuit board of the electronic device and a first area of ​​the housing, and the first area represents an area where a user of the electronic device holds the housing.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein the first region includes at least one sub-region, the isolation unit further includes a first adjustment sub-unit, and the electronic device further includes a control component; The control component is used to determine a first target sub-area in the first area based on the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the first adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the first target sub-area to adjust so that the adjusted position of the isolation unit of the first target sub-area is adapted to the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device.

9. The electronic device according to claim 8, wherein the isolation unit further comprises a second adjustment subunit; The control component is further used to determine a second target sub-region in the first region based on the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the second target sub-region to adjust, so that the isolation units of the adjusted second target sub-region are arranged in a first arrangement matching the change in the center of gravity of the electronic device; The control component is also used to determine at least one third target sub-area in the first area based on the morphological change of the electronic device, and control the second adjustment sub-unit corresponding to the isolation unit of the third target sub-area to adjust, so that the isolation unit of the adjusted third target sub-area is arranged in a second arrangement method matching the morphological change of the electronic device, and the morphological change at least includes a change in the folding shape of the electronic device.

10. An antenna working method, applied to an electronic device, the electronic device comprising an antenna module and an adjustment component, the adjustment component being located in a target area of ​​the electronic device, the method comprising: Detecting that the antenna module operates at a first power; If it is detected that the distance between the first target and the target area is less than a preset threshold, the antenna module is maintained to operate at the first power, and the first target at least includes a user using the electronic device and a human body model used for specific absorption rate testing.

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