Intelligent charger, charging method and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rechargeable batteries, and discloses an intelligent charger, a charging method, a computer readable storage medium and a computer program product in order to solve the problem that the service life of a storage battery is shortened due to a traditional charging machine. The intelligent charger comprises an input protection circuit, a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter circuit, a surge limiting circuit, an output protection circuit and an output anti-reverse-connection circuit which are connected in sequence, and further comprises a microprocessor, a DC / DC conversion circuit and an overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection circuit, the DC / DC conversion circuit and the overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection circuit are respectively connected with the microprocessor, the DC / DC conversion circuit is respectively connected with the EMC filter circuit and the surge limiting circuit, and the overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection circuit is respectively connected with the surge limiting circuit and the output protection circuit. By adopting the intelligent charger, the charging process of the battery can be controlled and protected, so that the service life of the battery can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rechargeable batteries, and more specifically, to an intelligent charger, a charging method, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product. Background Art

[0002] Rechargeable batteries are energy storage devices with advantages such as stable voltage, reliable power supply, and easy mobility. They are an important development direction of new energy. As secondary batteries, batteries have been widely used in various industries. Because they are more mature, safer, more stable and reliable than other batteries and have longer service life, most electric vehicles currently rely on batteries for power supply, so there is a huge demand for chargers that match batteries.

[0003] Research has found that undercharging can cause battery sulfation; overcharging can cause battery voltage to increase, water loss, and then lead to sulfation. Therefore, a good charger plays a vital role in the service life of the battery and can effectively extend the service life of the battery.

[0004] Traditional chargers cannot achieve precise control of charging voltage and current, cannot fully meet the charging requirements of batteries, and the service life of batteries cannot reach the nominal life provided by the manufacturer. Therefore, it is necessary to design a charger that can increase the service life of batteries. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an intelligent charger, a charging method, a computer-readable storage medium and a computer program product, which can effectively control the charging process of the battery, thereby increasing the service life of the battery and reducing the charging time.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smart charger, comprising:

[0007] The input protection circuit, full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter circuit, surge limiting circuit, output protection circuit and output reverse connection protection circuit are connected in sequence, and also include a microprocessor, a DC / DC conversion circuit and an overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit. The DC / DC conversion circuit and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit are respectively connected to the microprocessor, the DC / DC conversion circuit is respectively connected to the EMC filter circuit and the surge limiting circuit, and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit is respectively connected to the surge limiting circuit and the output protection circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the input protection circuit is used for input overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, phase loss protection and frequency protection; the input protection circuit includes a first fuse (F1), a second fuse (F2), a first filter capacitor (C1), a second filter capacitor (C2), a third filter capacitor (C3), a fourth filter capacitor (C4), a fifth filter capacitor (C5), a sixth filter capacitor (C6), a tenth filter capacitor (C10), an eleventh filter capacitor (C11), a twelfth filter capacitor (C12), a first varistor (VR1), a second varistor (VR2), a third varistor (VR3), a high-voltage discharge tube (FD1), a first differential mode filter inductor (L1), and a second differential mode filter inductor (L2).

[0009] Furthermore, the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert three-phase alternating current into direct current; the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit comprises a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a third diode (D3), a fourth diode (D4), a fifth diode (D5), a sixth diode (D6) and a resistor (R1); the anode of the first diode (D1) is connected to the cathode of the second diode (D2), the anode of the third diode (D3) is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode (D4), and the anode of the fifth diode (D5) is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode (D6); the cathode of the first diode (D1), the cathode of the third diode (D3) and the cathode of the fifth diode (D5) are connected to the first end of the resistor (R1), and the anode of the second diode (D2), the anode of the fourth diode (D4) and the anode of the fifth diode (D5) are connected to the second end of the resistor (R1).

[0010] Furthermore, the EMC filter circuit is used to filter out interference and clutter; the EMC filter circuit includes a first fuse (F1), a second fuse (F2), a third fuse (F3), a first filter capacitor (C1), a second filter capacitor (C2), a third filter capacitor (C3), a fourth filter capacitor (C4), a fifth filter capacitor (C5), a sixth filter capacitor (C6), a seventh filter capacitor (C7), an eighth filter capacitor (C8), a ninth filter capacitor (C9), a first Y-type filter capacitor (CY1), a second Y-type filter capacitor (CY2), a third Y-type filter capacitor (CY3), a fourth Y-type filter capacitor (CY4), a fifth Y-type filter capacitor (CY5), a sixth Y-type filter capacitor (CY6), a seventh Y-type filter capacitor (CY7), an eighth Y-type filter capacitor (CY8), a ninth Y-type filter capacitor (CY9), a first differential mode filter inductor (L1) and a second differential mode filter inductor (L2).

[0011] Further, the surge limiting circuit is used to control the output surge and reduce power loss; the surge limiting circuit includes a seventh filter capacitor (C7), a seventh filter capacitor (C8), a ninth filter capacitor (C9), a thirteenth filter capacitor (C13), a fourteenth filter capacitor (C14), a fifteenth filter capacitor (C15), a forty-seventh filter capacitor (C47) and a forty-eighth filter capacitor (C48), a first capacitive filter capacitor (CD1), a second capacitive filter capacitor (CD2), a third capacitive filter capacitor (CD3), a fourth capacitive filter capacitor (CD4), a first resistor (R1), and a A second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a fourth resistor (R4), a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a seventh resistor (R7), an eighth resistor (R8) and a forty-ninth resistor (R49), a fourth varistor (VR4), a first switch (K1), a second switch (K2), a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a third diode (D3), a fourth diode (D4), a fifth diode (D5), a sixth diode (D6), a seventh diode (D7), a first rectifier bridge (Q1), a second rectifier bridge (Q2), and an inductor (L3).

[0012] Furthermore, the output protection circuit is used for output overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and overcurrent protection; the output protection circuit includes an output voltage sampling circuit, an output overvoltage detection circuit, an output current sampling circuit and a microprocessor.

[0013] Furthermore, the output reverse connection protection circuit is used to prevent related components from being burned out after the positive and negative connections are reversed; the output reverse connection protection circuit comprises a rectifier tube (T6), a filter capacitor (C103), a capacitive filter capacitor (CD31), a twenty-seventh diode (D27), a twenty-eighth diode (D28) and a twenty-ninth diode (D29); the second end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor (C103); the third end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the positive electrode of the twenty-eighth diode (D28), and the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the positive electrode of the twenty-eighth diode (D28). The fourth end of the tube (T6) is connected to the fifth end thereof and is also connected to the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31), and the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31) is grounded; the sixth end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the positive electrode of the twenty-seventh diode (D27); the negative electrode of the twenty-seventh diode (D27) is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the twenty-eighth diode (D28), the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31) and the positive electrode of the twenty-ninth diode (D29), and the negative electrode of the twenty-ninth diode (D29) is used as the output voltage.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a charging method is also provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned smart charger, comprising:

[0015] In the initial stage of charging, the constant current charging mode is used to control the battery voltage to rise gradually;

[0016] When the battery voltage rises to a set multiple of the rated voltage, it enters the constant voltage charging mode, controls the battery voltage to stop rising, and the charging current gradually decreases. The constant voltage point voltage automatically compensates with the temperature.

[0017] When the charging current drops to the set value of the rated charging current or the constant voltage time reaches the set time, it enters the small constant current charging mode to control the battery voltage to rise.

[0018] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any of the above methods are implemented.

[0019] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which implements the steps of any of the above methods when executed by a processor.

[0020] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] (1) The intelligent charger provided by the present invention uses a three-phase AC input that is converted into smooth DC through rectification and filtering, and then outputs voltage after DC / DC power conversion and output filtering. The output voltage and switch tube current are sampled and returned to the microprocessor for processing to control the output voltage to remain stable. The protection circuit mainly includes overvoltage (input and output overvoltage), overcurrent, overtemperature, short circuit protection, etc. When the above situations occur, the intelligent charger will automatically handle them to ensure safe and stable charging.

[0022] (2) A charging method provided by the present invention is used to control and protect the battery charging process by adopting a constant current charging mode, a constant voltage charging mode, and a small constant current charging mode, thereby extending the battery life. In addition, a microprocessor is used to control the output voltage of the charger so that the charging voltage and charging current are adapted to the requirements of the battery, thereby protecting the battery. The method has the advantages of simple operation, strong versatility, small size and light weight, and strong anti-interference ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an input protection circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit in an intelligent charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an EMC filter circuit in an intelligent charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a surge limiting circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 6A A schematic diagram of the structure of an output voltage sampling circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6B A schematic diagram of the structure of an output overvoltage detection circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6C A schematic diagram of the structure of an output current sampling circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an output reverse connection protection circuit in a smart charger provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a charging method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a smart charger is provided, including an input protection circuit, a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, an EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibillity) filter circuit, a surge limiting circuit, an output protection circuit and an output reverse connection protection circuit connected in sequence, and also including a microprocessor, a DC / DC conversion circuit and an overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit. The DC / DC conversion circuit and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit are respectively connected to the microprocessor, the DC / DC conversion circuit is respectively connected to the EMC filter circuit and the surge limiting circuit, and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit is respectively connected to the surge limiting circuit and the output protection circuit.

[0037] The working process of the smart charger is that the input three-phase AC power is rectified and filtered to convert into smooth DC power, and then the output voltage is obtained after DC / DC power conversion and output filtering. The control circuit samples the output voltage and switch tube current and returns them to the microprocessor for processing to control the output voltage to remain stable. The protection circuit mainly has overvoltage (input and output overvoltage), overcurrent, overtemperature, output current limiting, short circuit protection, etc. When the above situations occur, the smart charger will automatically handle them to ensure safe and stable charging.

[0038] Among them, the input protection circuit is used for input overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, phase loss protection and frequency protection.

[0039] The full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert three-phase AC power into DC power.

[0040] EMC filter circuit is used to filter out interference and clutter.

[0041] The surge limiting circuit is used to control the output surge and reduce the power loss.

[0042] The output protection circuit is used for output overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection and overcurrent protection.

[0043] The output reverse connection protection circuit is used to prevent other components from being burned out after the positive and negative output connections are reversed.

[0044] In one embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the input protection circuit includes fuses F1 and F2, filter capacitors C1-C6 and C10-C12, varistors VR1-VR3, high-voltage discharge tube FD1 and differential mode filter inductors L1 and L2.

[0045] The input end of the fuse F1 is connected to the three-phase alternating current X1, and the input end of the fuse F2 is connected to the three-phase alternating current X3.

[0046] The first end of the filter capacitor C1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, and the second end thereof is grounded; the first end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the three-phase alternating current X2, and the second end thereof is grounded; the first end of the filter capacitor C3 is connected to the output end of the fuse F2, and the second end thereof is grounded; the first end of the filter capacitor C4 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C5, and the second end thereof is connected to the output end of the fuse F1; the second end of the filter capacitor C5 is connected to the three-phase alternating current X2; the first end of the filter capacitor C6 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C5, and the second end thereof is connected to the output end of the fuse F2; the first end of the filter capacitor C10 is connected to the fourth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, and the second end thereof is grounded; the first end of the filter capacitor C11 is connected to the fifth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, and the second end thereof is grounded; the first end of the filter capacitor C12 is connected to the sixth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, and the second end thereof is grounded.

[0047] The first ends of the varistors VR1-VR3 are grounded through the high-voltage discharge tube FD1, the second end of the varistor VR1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, the second end of the varistor VR2 is connected to the three-phase AC power X2, and the second end of the varistor VR3 is connected to the output end of the fuse F2.

[0048] The first end of the differential mode filter inductor L1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, the second end thereof is connected to the three-phase alternating current X2, the third end thereof is connected to the output end of the fuse F2, the fourth end thereof is connected to the third end of the differential mode filter inductor L2, the fifth end thereof is connected to the second end of the differential mode filter inductor L2, and the sixth end thereof is connected to the first end of the differential mode filter inductor L2; the fourth end, the fifth end and the sixth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2 serve as the output end of the input protection circuit.

[0049] Specifically, the differential mode filter inductors L1 and L2 are used to suppress the differential mode interference between the input three-phase alternating currents X1, X2 and X3. The filter capacitors C1-C6 and C10-C12 are used to eliminate common mode interference. The fuses (also called fuses) F1 and F2 allow a maximum current of 16A to pass through, and are used to directly disconnect the input three-phase alternating currents X1 and X3 when the load changes suddenly or the input current is too large to protect the subsequent circuits; similarly, a fuse is set at the output end to disconnect the charging power supply from the load when the output is overcurrent, thereby achieving load protection. The varistors VR1-VR3 allow a maximum voltage of 510V to pass through, and are used to protect against lightning strikes and transient high voltages. Considering that both human factors and natural discharge phenomena occasionally cause transient voltages on power lines, when transient voltages occur and exceed the breakdown voltage of the varistor, the resistance of the varistor will instantly become low, equivalent to a few ohms, causing the original line to short-circuit and protect the subsequent electronic components. The high-voltage discharge tube FD1 is used to quickly release the high voltage so that the input protection circuit can recover quickly.

[0050] In one embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit includes diodes D1-D6 and a resistor R1, wherein the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D4, and the anode of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode of the diode D6; the cathode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D5 are connected to the first end of the resistor R1, and the anode of the diode D2, the anode of the diode D4, and the anode of the diode D5 are connected to the second end of the resistor R1.

[0051] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, port a (i.e., the anode of diode D1), port b (i.e., the anode of diode D3) and port c (i.e., the anode of diode D5) are all used as input terminals of the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, for accessing the voltage Vin (i.e., the three output voltages of the input protection circuit, for example, the anode of diode D1 is connected to the fourth terminal of the differential mode filter inductor L2, the anode of diode D3 is connected to the fifth terminal of the differential mode filter inductor L2, and the anode of diode D5 is connected to the sixth terminal of the differential mode filter inductor L2), and a single-phase rectifier bridge is connected between each two of ports a, port b and port c; the two ends of resistor R1 are used as output terminals of the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, for outputting the voltage Vo.

[0052] The working principle of the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is explained below.

[0053] When the positive half cycle of the voltage Vin is input to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the forward voltage is connected across both ends of the diode D1 and it is turned on, and the reverse voltage is connected across both ends of the diode D2 and it is cut off. The current flows from the upper port of the voltage Vin through the diode D1 to the output end output voltage Vo, and then returns to the lower port of the voltage Vin through the resistor R1 and the diode D3, thereby obtaining the positive half cycle of the voltage Vin at the output end.

[0054] When the negative half cycle of the voltage Vin is input to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the forward voltage is connected to both ends of the diode D2 and it is turned on, and the reverse voltage is connected to both ends of the diode D1 and it is cut off. The current flows from the lower port of the voltage Vin through the diode D4 to the output end output voltage Vo, and then returns to the upper port of the voltage Vin through the resistor R1 and the diode D2, thereby obtaining the negative half cycle of the voltage Vin at the output end.

[0055] In summary, the full-wave rectification of the voltage Vin connected to port a is completed, and the process of full-wave rectification after ports b and c are connected to the voltage Vin is the same as that of port a, so that the above full-wave bridge rectifier circuit realizes the conversion of three-phase AC power into DC power.

[0056] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the EMC filter circuit includes fuses F1-F3, filter capacitors C1-C9, Y-type filter capacitors CY1-CY9 and differential mode filter inductors L1 and L2.

[0057] The input end of the fuse F1 is connected to the direct current U (for example, Figure 3 The input end of the fuse F2 is connected to the DC power V (e.g. Figure 3 The input end of the fuse F3 is connected to the DC power W (e.g. Figure 3 The voltage across port b and port c in ).

[0058] The first end of the filter capacitor C1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, and the second end thereof is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C4; the first end of the filter capacitor C4 is connected to the output end of the fuse F2; the first end of the filter capacitor C7 is connected to the output end of the fuse F3, and the second end thereof is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C4.

[0059] The first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY4 is connected to the output end of the fuse F2, the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY7 is connected to the output end of the fuse F3, and the second ends of the Y-type filter capacitors CY7, CY1 and CY4 are all grounded.

[0060] The first end of the differential mode filter inductor L1 is connected to the output end of the fuse F1, the second end thereof is connected to the output end of the fuse F2, the third end thereof is connected to the output end of the fuse F3, the fourth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C8, the fifth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C5, and the sixth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C2; the second end of the filter capacitor C8 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C5, and the second end of the filter capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C5.

[0061] The fourth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1 is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY8, the fifth end thereof is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY5, and the sixth end thereof is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY2; the second ends of the Y-type filter capacitors CY8, CY5 and CY2 are all grounded.

[0062] The first end of the differential mode filter inductor L2 is connected to the sixth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, the second end thereof is connected to the fifth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, the third end thereof is connected to the fourth end of the differential mode filter inductor L1, the fourth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C9, the fifth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C6, and the sixth end thereof is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C3; the second end of the filter capacitor C9 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C6, and the second end of the filter capacitor C3 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C6.

[0063] The fourth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2 is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY9, the fifth end thereof is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY6, and the sixth end thereof is connected to the first end of the Y-type filter capacitor CY3; the second ends of the Y-type filter capacitors CY9, CY6 and CY3 are all grounded. The fourth end, the fifth end and the sixth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2 together constitute the output end of the EMC filter circuit.

[0064] Specifically, the differential mode filter inductors L1 and L2 are used to suppress the differential mode interference between the direct currents U, V, and W converted from the input three-phase alternating currents X1, X2, and X3. At the same time, in the EMC filter circuit, filter capacitors C1-C9 are provided at both the input and output ends of the circuit to eliminate common mode interference.

[0065] The differential mode interference inside and outside the power supply is filtered out by the first stage π-type filter (formed by the differential mode components of the X capacitor and the common mode inductor) to remove the differential mode interference of the low frequency part, and then the differential mode interference of the high frequency part is filtered out by the second stage π-type filter.

[0066] The processing method of common-mode interference inside and outside the power supply is the same as that of differential-mode interference. The low-frequency and high-frequency parts of the common-mode interference are filtered out through the Y-type capacitors and common-mode inductors in the first-stage π-type filtering and the second-stage π-type filtering. At the same time, the leakage of interference signals is further suppressed through feedthrough.

[0067] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the surge limiting circuit includes filter capacitors C7-C9, C13-C15, C47 and C48, capacitive filter capacitors CD1-CD4, resistors R1-R8 and R49, varistor VR4, switches K1-K2, diodes D1-D7, rectifier bridges Q1-Q2, and inductor L3. Among them, the first end of the filter capacitor C7 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C8 and the first end of the filter capacitor C9 respectively, the second end of the filter capacitor C7 is connected to the sixth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2, the second end of the filter capacitor C8 is connected to the fifth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2, and the second end of the filter capacitor C9 is connected to the fourth end of the differential mode filter inductor L2; the first end of the filter capacitor C13 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C7, the first end of the filter capacitor C14 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C8, the first end of the filter capacitor C15 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C9, and the second ends of the filter capacitors C13, C14 and C15 are all grounded.

[0068] The first end of the switch K1 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C9, and the second end thereof is connected to the second end of the resistor R4; the first end of the switch K2 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C7, and the second end thereof is connected to the second end of the resistor R2.

[0069] The first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C7, and the second end thereof is connected to the first end of the resistor R2; the first end of the resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C9, and the second end thereof is connected to the first end of the resistor R4.

[0070] The first end of the rectifier bridge Q1 is connected to the second end of the switch K2, the second end thereof is connected to the second end of the rectifier bridge Q2, the third end thereof is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C8, and the fourth end thereof is connected to the fourth end of the rectifier bridge Q2; the first end of the rectifier bridge Q2 is connected to the third end of the rectifier bridge Q1, and the third end of the rectifier bridge Q2 is connected to the second end of the switch K1.

[0071] The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the second end of the filter capacitor C8, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the anode of the diode D4; the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the second end of the switch K2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the anode of the diode D5; the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the second end of the switch K1, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the anode of the diode D6; the cathode of the diodes D4-D6 serves as an output end of the surge limiting circuit; the anode of the diode D47 is connected to the first end of the switch K1, and the cathode of the diode D47 is connected to the second end of the switch K1; the cathode of the diode D47 is also connected to the resistor R49.

[0072] The varistor VR4 is connected in parallel to the inductor L3, a first end of the varistor VR4 is connected to the first end of the rectifier bridge Q1, and a second end of the varistor VR4 is grounded via the capacitor C47.

[0073] The first end of resistor R5 is connected to the first end of resistor R6, the second end of resistor R5 is connected to the second end of varistor VR4, the second end of resistor R6 is connected to the second end of resistor R7, the first end of resistor R7 is connected to the first end of resistor R8, and the second end of resistor R8 is grounded.

[0074] The positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD1 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD2, and the negative electrode thereof is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD3; the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD2 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD4; the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD3 is grounded through the capacitor C48; and the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD4 is grounded.

[0075] Specifically, in order to minimize size and weight, most switching power supplies use semiconductor rectifiers and use low-impedance electrolytic capacitors in the input filter structure. This is because this system has an inherently low input resistance and the capacitor is initially charged, so if this filter is directly connected to the AC power supply, a large surge current will be generated at the moment of power switching.

[0076] In this embodiment, a method of adding a power resistor to start the delay and relay control is used to overcome the surge current of the capacitive input filter. After the input switch is closed, in the capacitor charging stage, switches K1 and K2 are not closed first; in the capacitor charging stage, high-power resistors R1-R4 are used to limit the charging current, ensuring that no large surge current will be generated in the early stage of charging the capacitive filter capacitors CD1-CD4. The filtered voltage is sampled, and when the voltage reaches the preset stable value, the control relay is activated to short-circuit the current limiting resistor, reducing power loss.

[0077] In one embodiment, Figures 6A-6C As shown, the output protection circuit includes an output voltage sampling circuit, an output overvoltage detection circuit, and an output current sampling circuit. The output protection circuit is connected to a microprocessor (DSP).

[0078] The output voltage sampling circuit includes a resistor R22, a resistor R25, and a capacitor C24, wherein a first end of the resistor R22 is connected to Vout+, and a second end thereof is connected to Vout_Overage; a first end of the resistor R25 is connected to a second end of the resistor R22, and a second end thereof is grounded; a first end of the capacitor C24 is connected to a second end of the resistor R22, and a second end thereof is grounded.

[0079] The output voltage sampling circuit also includes a resistor R17, a resistor R28, and a capacitor C26, wherein a first end of the resistor R17 is connected to +5V, and a second end thereof is connected to Vout_Ref_Hed; a first end of the resistor R28 is connected to a second end of the resistor R17, and a second end thereof is grounded; a first end of the capacitor C26 is connected to a second end of the resistor R17, and a second end thereof is grounded.

[0080] The output overvoltage detection circuit includes a voltage comparator U3A and a resistor R29, wherein the positive input terminal of the voltage comparator U3A is connected to Vout_Overage, the reverse input terminal is connected to Vout_Ref_Hed, the output terminal is connected to the second end of the resistor R29, the first end of the resistor R29 is connected to +5V, and the second end of the resistor R29 is also connected to GYXH.

[0081] The output current sampling circuit includes a differential amplifier U2, resistors R6-R11 and R13, and filter capacitors C5, C7, C16, C17 and C21, wherein a first end of resistor R8 is connected to Idc2, and a second end thereof is grounded through filter capacitor C7; a first end of resistor R10 is connected to Idc1, and a second end thereof is grounded through filter capacitor C17; a first end of resistor R6 is connected to a second end of resistor R8, and a second end thereof is connected to a first end of filter capacitor C5; a first end of resistor R7 is connected to a first end of resistor R6, and a second end thereof is connected to a second end of filter capacitor C5; a first end of resistor R7 is connected to a reverse input terminal -IN of differential amplifier U2, and a second end of resistor R10 is connected to a forward input terminal +IN of differential amplifier U2.

[0082] The positive input terminal +IN of the differential amplifier U2 is also connected to the first end of the resistor R13, and the second end of the resistor R13 is grounded; the first end of the resistor R13 is also connected to the first end of the resistor R11, the second end of the resistor R11 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C21, and the second end of the filter capacitor C21 is grounded.

[0083] The negative power supply V- of the differential amplifier U2 is grounded, the positive power supply V+ thereof is connected to +5V, and the output terminal OUT thereof is connected to the first end of the resistor R9; the second end of the resistor R9 is connected to Idc and is also grounded through the filter capacitor C16.

[0084] Specifically, the output voltage sampling circuit is a resistor voltage sampling circuit, which needs to calculate the sampling voltage and resistor power consumption and transmit them to the DSP for processing. Output overvoltage fault is a fatal fault for multiple components such as internal capacitors and resistors, so an output overvoltage detection circuit is added to the output protection circuit to improve the response speed. The output overvoltage detection circuit compares the sampling voltage with the reference voltage through a voltage comparator. If the output sampling voltage is greater than the threshold voltage, the comparator output will flip and be transmitted to the DSP. The output current sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor and a differential amplifier. Since the voltage sampled by the sampling resistor is small, we amplify the sampling voltage by 65 times to achieve a maximum output voltage sampling value of about 720V.

[0085] Output undervoltage protection: DSP calculates the output voltage through AD sampling. When the output voltage is lower than 420V, the output undervoltage alarm does not shut down.

[0086] Output overvoltage protection: DSP calculates the output voltage through AD sampling. When the output voltage is higher than 720V (+10V), output overvoltage protection (shutdown and lock) is performed.

[0087] Output overcurrent protection: DSP calculates the output current through AD sampling, and when the output current reaches 31A (+4A), constant current and voltage limiting output is performed.

[0088] In one embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the output reverse connection protection circuit includes a rectifier tube T6, a filter capacitor C103, a capacitive filter capacitor CD31 and diodes D27-D29, wherein the second end of the rectifier tube T6 is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor C103, the third end of the rectifier tube T6 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D28, the fourth end of the rectifier tube T6 is connected to the fifth end thereof, and is also connected to the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD31, and the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD31 is grounded; the sixth end of the rectifier tube T6 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D27; the negative electrode of the diode D27 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the diode D28, the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor CD31 and the positive electrode of the diode D29, and the negative electrode of the diode D29 is used as the output voltage.

[0089] The capacitive filter capacitor CD31 cannot accept reverse voltage, so diodes D27 and D28 are added to prevent reverse connection, and the maximum output current allowed is 34 A. Preferably, XN90A160T6 can meet the design requirements.

[0090] In one embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the present application also provides a charging method based on a smart charger, comprising:

[0091] Step 801, at the initial stage of charging, the battery has a strong current absorption capability, and a constant current charging mode is used, that is, charging is performed with a relatively large constant current, and the battery voltage gradually rises.

[0092] Step 802, when the battery voltage rises to a set multiple (e.g., 1.2 to 1.25 times) of the rated voltage, the constant voltage charging mode is entered, the battery voltage no longer rises, the charging current gradually decreases, and the constant voltage point voltage is automatically compensated with the temperature.

[0093] Step 803, when the charging current drops to a set value (eg 40%) of the rated charging current or the constant voltage time reaches a set time (eg three hours), a small constant current charging mode is entered and the battery voltage rises.

[0094] In this embodiment, the battery charging process is controlled and protected by adopting a constant current charging mode, a constant voltage charging mode, and a small constant current charging mode, thereby extending the battery life. In addition, a microprocessor is used to control the output voltage of the charger so that the charging voltage and charging current are adapted to the requirements of the battery, thereby protecting the battery, and having the advantages of simple operation, strong versatility, small size and light weight, and strong anti-interference ability.

[0095] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0096] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above charging method embodiment are implemented. The computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, any type of disk, including a floppy disk, an optical disk, a DVD, a CD-ROM, a micro drive, and a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a RAM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a DRAM, a VRAM, a flash memory device, a magnetic card or an optical card, a nanosystem (including a molecular memory IC), or any type of medium or device suitable for storing instructions and / or data.

[0097] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the steps in the above charging method embodiment when executed by a processor.

[0098] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure cannot be limited thereto. That is, any equivalent changes and modifications made according to the teachings of the present disclosure are still within the scope of the present disclosure. After considering the specification and practicing the disclosure here, those skilled in the art will easily think of the implementation scheme of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present disclosure, which follows the general principles of the present disclosure and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the technical field not recorded in the present disclosure. The description and examples are only regarded as exemplary, and the scope and spirit of the present disclosure are defined by the claims.

[0099] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0100] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart charger, characterized in that: include: The microprocessor and an input protection circuit, a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter circuit, a surge limiting circuit, an output protection circuit and an output reverse connection protection circuit are connected in sequence. The microprocessor is connected to the EMC filter circuit, the surge limiting circuit and the output protection circuit respectively.

2. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent charger also includes a DC / DC conversion circuit and an overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit, the DC / DC conversion circuit and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit are respectively connected to the microprocessor, the DC / DC conversion circuit is respectively connected to the EMC filter circuit and the surge limiting circuit, and the overvoltage and overcurrent short-circuit protection circuit is respectively connected to the surge limiting circuit and the output protection circuit.

3. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input protection circuit is used for input overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, phase loss protection and frequency protection; The input protection circuit comprises a first fuse (F1), a second fuse (F2), a first filter capacitor (C1), a second filter capacitor (C2), a third filter capacitor (C3), a fourth filter capacitor (C4), a fifth filter capacitor (C5), a sixth filter capacitor (C6), a tenth filter capacitor (C10), an eleventh filter capacitor (C11), a twelfth filter capacitor (C12), a first varistor (VR1), a second varistor (VR2), a third varistor (VR3), a high-voltage discharge tube (FD1), a first differential mode filter inductor (L1), and a second differential mode filter inductor (L2).

4. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The full-wave bridge rectifier circuit is used to convert three-phase alternating current into direct current; The full-wave bridge rectifier circuit comprises a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a third diode (D3), a fourth diode (D4), a fifth diode (D5), a sixth diode (D6) and a resistor (R1); The anode of the first diode (D1) is connected to the cathode of the second diode (D2), the anode of the third diode (D3) is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode (D4), and the anode of the fifth diode (D5) is connected to the cathode of the sixth diode (D6); the cathode of the first diode (D1), the cathode of the third diode (D3), and the cathode of the fifth diode (D5) are connected to the first end of the resistor (R1), and the anode of the second diode (D2), the anode of the fourth diode (D4), and the anode of the fifth diode (D5) are connected to the second end of the resistor (R1).

5. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The EMC filter circuit is used to filter out interference and clutter; The EMC filter circuit comprises a first fuse (F1), a second fuse (F2), a third fuse (F3), a first filter capacitor (C1), a second filter capacitor (C2), a third filter capacitor (C3), a fourth filter capacitor (C4), a fifth filter capacitor (C5), a sixth filter capacitor (C6), a seventh filter capacitor (C7), an eighth filter capacitor (C8), a ninth filter capacitor (C9), a first Y-type filter capacitor (CY1), a second Y-type filter capacitor (CY2), a third Y-type filter capacitor (CY3), a fourth Y-type filter capacitor (CY4), a fifth Y-type filter capacitor (CY5), a sixth Y-type filter capacitor (CY6), a seventh Y-type filter capacitor (CY7), an eighth Y-type filter capacitor (CY8), a ninth Y-type filter capacitor (CY9), a first differential mode filter inductor (L1) and a second differential mode filter inductor (L2).

6. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surge limiting circuit is used to control output surge and reduce power loss; The surge limiting circuit includes a seventh filter capacitor (C7), a seventh filter capacitor (C8), a ninth filter capacitor (C9), a thirteenth filter capacitor (C13), a fourteenth filter capacitor (C14), a fifteenth filter capacitor (C15), a forty-seventh filter capacitor (C47), a forty-eighth filter capacitor (C48), a first capacitive filter capacitor (CD1), a second capacitive filter capacitor (CD2), a third capacitive filter capacitor (CD3), a fourth capacitive filter capacitor (CD4), a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2), and a third resistor (R3), a fourth resistor (R4), a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6), a seventh resistor (R7), an eighth resistor (R8) and a forty-ninth resistor (R49), a fourth varistor (VR4), a first switch (K1), a second switch (K2), a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a third diode (D3), a fourth diode (D4), a fifth diode (D5), a sixth diode (D6), a seventh diode (D7), a first rectifier bridge (Q1), a second rectifier bridge (Q2), and an inductor (L3).

7. The smart charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output reverse connection protection circuit is used to prevent related components from being burned out after the positive and negative output connections are reversed; The output reverse connection protection circuit comprises a rectifier tube (T6), a filter capacitor (C103), a capacitive filter capacitor (CD31), a twenty-seventh diode (D27), a twenty-eighth diode (D28) and a twenty-ninth diode (D29); The second end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the first end of the filter capacitor (C103); the third end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the positive electrode of the twenty-eighth diode (D28); the fourth end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the fifth end thereof and is also connected to the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31); the negative electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31) is grounded; the sixth end of the rectifier tube (T6) is connected to the positive electrode of the twenty-seventh diode (D27); the negative electrode of the twenty-seventh diode (D27) is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the twenty-eighth diode (D28), the positive electrode of the capacitive filter capacitor (CD31) and the positive electrode of the twenty-ninth diode (D29); the negative electrode of the twenty-ninth diode (D29) is used as the output voltage.

8. A charging method, characterized in that: Applicable to the smart charger as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: In the initial stage of charging, the constant current charging mode is used to control the battery voltage to rise gradually; When the battery voltage rises to a set multiple of the rated voltage, it enters the constant voltage charging mode, controls the battery voltage to stop rising, and the charging current gradually decreases. The constant voltage point voltage automatically compensates with the temperature. When the charging current drops to the set value of the rated charging current or the constant voltage time reaches the set time, it enters the small constant current charging mode to control the battery voltage to rise.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

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