Fluid channel section with stud arrangement and fluid path having such fluid channel section

Abstract

A fluid passage section includes a fluid passage section extending through a portion of a body. The fluid passage section has a longitudinal axis in an axial plane, a passage height, a passage width, and a flow direction. The fluid passage section also includes studs arranged in sequence. The stud extends across a fluid passage section having a passage height. No more than two studs are positioned across the width of the passage. Each stud has a continuous peripheral surface. The surfaces have a common elongate shape that is symmetrical with respect to a stud axis passing through a common reference point on each stud. The studs are axially spaced apart from each other with a non-zero axial offset. The stud axis of each stud forms a non-zero angle with a tangent to the longitudinal axis. The non-zero angles of the first two studs in the sequence have the same direction as the tangent line.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 348,725, filed on June 3, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to fluid paths having microchannels, and more particularly, to microchannels having stud arrangements configured to enable high volumetric fluid throughput while maintaining mixing quality and reliability. Background Art

[0004] Flow reactors are used in the chemical industry for continuous flow reactions. The reactor may include different components, such as fluid modules, pipes, connectors, frames, O-rings, etc. Some fluid modules are configured as an assembly of two internal reaction layers, the two internal reaction layers having reaction channels in which chemical reactions occur, and the role of two external heat exchange layers is to maintain the reaction channel temperature at an optimal value. Existing fluid modules are compact and easily scalable reactor plates formed of glass or ceramics, such as silicon carbide. The applicant has developed several generations of fluid modules, which largely correspond to different sizes or internal volumes. The applicant has recently developed a larger fluid module, which is configured to achieve a flow rate of up to 20 liters / minute at a reaction pressure of up to 18 bar. Such modules are usually tested at 50 bar.

[0005] It would be advantageous to provide a higher throughput fluidic module configured to achieve flow rates up to 40 liters / minute without compromising mixing quality, pressure drop, and reliability / safety. Summary of the invention

[0006] A first aspect of the present disclosure includes a fluid channel segment, including a fluid pathway segment extending through a portion of a body, the fluid pathway segment having a longitudinal axis substantially in an axial plane, a pathway height perpendicular to the axial plane, a pathway width perpendicular to the pathway height and the longitudinal axis, and a flow direction through the fluid pathway segment; and a plurality of studs arranged in sequence along the fluid pathway segment, wherein each stud extends across the fluid pathway segment, the stud height corresponding to the pathway height of the fluid pathway segment, wherein no more than two studs are positioned across the pathway width of the fluid pathway segment, wherein each stud The pins have a continuous surface defining a perimeter of the pin, the continuous surface having a common elongated shape symmetrical about a symmetry plane oriented parallel to the height of the pin and, when viewed in an axial plane, the symmetry plane corresponds to a pin axis of each pin, the axis passing through a common reference point on each pin, the pins being spaced apart from each other in the flow direction and having a non-zero axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis, and wherein the pin axis of each pin makes a non-zero angle α with a tangent to the longitudinal axis, and at the intersection of the longitudinal axis and a line perpendicular thereto and passing through the common reference point, the first two pins in the sequence have a non-zero angle with the tangent having the same direction.

[0007] A second aspect of the present disclosure includes a fluid channel segment comprising: a fluid pathway segment extending through a portion of a body, the fluid pathway segment having a longitudinal axis substantially in an axial plane, a pathway height perpendicular to the axial plane, a pathway width perpendicular to the pathway height and the longitudinal axis, and a flow direction through the fluid pathway segment; and a plurality of pins arranged in sequence along the fluid pathway segment, wherein each pin extends across the fluid pathway segment, the pin height corresponding to the pathway height of the fluid pathway segment, wherein no more than two pins are positioned across the pathway width of the fluid pathway segment, wherein each pin has a continuous surface defining a perimeter of the pin, the continuous surface having a common elongated shape that is symmetrical relative to a symmetry plane oriented parallel to the pin height, and, when The symmetry plane corresponds to a pin axis of each pin when viewed in the axial plane, the axis passing through a common reference point on each pin, wherein the pins are spaced apart from each other in the flow direction and have a non-zero axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis, wherein the pin axis of each pin has a non-zero angle α with a tangent to the longitudinal axis at an intersection of the longitudinal axis and a line perpendicular thereto and passing through the common reference point, and wherein the continuous surface of each pin includes two convex surfaces spaced apart at opposite ends of the pin and two planes connecting the two convex surfaces at their respective tangents, the two convex surfaces including an upstream face and a downstream face respectively positioned upstream and downstream along the fluid passage segment relative to the flow direction, the upstream face having a first radius, and the downstream face having a second radius, the second radius being greater than the first radius.

[0008] A third aspect of the present disclosure includes a fluid path, comprising: a fluid channel segment according to the first aspect, the fluid channel segment of the fluid channel segment defining a portion of a fluid channel extending through a body; an inlet disposed at a first end of the fluid channel, the inlet being configured to separate at least two fluids simultaneously introduced into the fluid channel via the inlet; an outlet disposed at a second end of the fluid channel spaced apart from the first end, the flow direction being configured to convey at least two fluids from the inlet, through the fluid channel segment, and to the outlet; and a mixer unit disposed upstream of the fluid channel segment along the fluid channel relative to the flow direction, the mixer unit being configured to mix at least two fluids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a fluidic device including a fluid path for a continuous flow reaction;

[0010] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A block diagram of an embodiment of a fluid path of;

[0011] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A top view of a fluidic device of the type shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a portion of a top surface is cut away to expose a fluidic channel segment of a fluidic path;

[0012] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A top view of a fluidic device of the type shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a portion of a top surface is cut away to expose a fluidic channel segment of a fluidic path;

[0013] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a fluid channel segment along line AA;

[0014] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A top perspective view of a fluidic device with a top portion removed to show a plurality of studs Figure 3 A fluid channel section;

[0015] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view depicting properties of a stud in an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 8 A top schematic diagram of a coordinate system for representing the position of a pin relative to a longitudinal axis of a fluid channel segment in an embodiment;

[0017] Fig. 9 and Fig.10 A top schematic diagram for illustrating the angle orientation of the pins relative to the longitudinal axis of the fluid channel segment in an embodiment;

[0018] Fig.11 for Figure 1 A top schematic diagram of an embodiment of an inlet structure of a fluid path;

[0019] Fig.12 For use Figure 1 A top schematic diagram of an embodiment of a mixer structure for a fluid path of;

[0020] Fig.13 A bar graph comparing the maximum calculated stresses at different locations along the fluid path according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1; and

[0021] Fig.14 1 is a bar graph illustrating the total pressure drop along the fluid path of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the following written specification. It should be understood that this is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should also be understood that the present disclosure includes any changes and modifications to the illustrated embodiments, and further includes further applications of the principles disclosed herein that would normally occur to a person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0023] As used herein, when used in a list of two or more items, the term "and / or" means that any of the listed items can be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can include A alone; B alone; C alone; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0024] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like are used merely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

[0025] As used herein, the term "about" means that quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and features are not, and need not be accurate, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller as needed, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, etc., and other factors known to those skilled in the art. When the term "about" is used to describe the value or endpoint of a range, it should be understood that the disclosure includes the specific value or endpoint referred to. Regardless of whether the numerical value or endpoint of the range in the specification is recorded as "about", the numerical value or endpoint of the range is intended to include two embodiments: one modified by "about" and one not modified by "about". It should also be understood that the endpoint of each range is significant relative to the other endpoint and is independent of the other endpoint.

[0026] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "approximately," and variations thereof, unless defined elsewhere in association with a particular term or phrase, are intended to indicate that the feature being described is equal to or approximately equal to a value or description. For example, a "substantially planar" surface is intended to mean a planar or approximately planar surface. Additionally, "substantially" is intended to mean that two values ​​are equal or approximately equal. In embodiments, "substantially" may mean values ​​within about 10% of each other, such as within about 5% of each other, or within about 2% of each other, or within about 1% of each other.

[0027] Directional terms used herein, such as up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, above, below, etc., are only referred to according to the drawings drawn and are not intended to imply absolute directions.

[0028] Unless expressly indicated to the contrary, as used herein, the terms "the," "a," or "an" mean at least one and should not be limited to "only one." Thus, for example, reference to "a component" includes embodiments having two or more such components unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.

[0029] As used herein, the term "tortuous" when used in conjunction with the term passage, channel, or similar terms refers to a passage having no direct line of sight through the passage and having at least two different radii of curvature, the path of the passage being mathematically and geometrically defined as the curve formed by the successive geometric centers of successive minimum area planar cross-sections of the passage (i.e., the angle of a given planar cross-section is the angle that produces the minimum area of ​​the planar cross-section at a particular position along the passage), taken at any closely spaced successive positions along the passage. Typical machining-based forming techniques are generally inadequate to form such tortuous passages. Such passages may include the division of the passage into sub-passages (with corresponding sub-paths) and one or more recombinations of the sub-passages (and corresponding sub-paths).

[0030] As used herein, the term "monolith" when used in conjunction with the terms structure, body, or similar terms does not imply zero non-uniformity of the structure or body at all scales. Rather, "monolith" refers to a body, such as a ceramic body having one or more tortuous passages extending therethrough, wherein no non-uniformities (other than the passages), openings, and / or interconnected pores are present in the body, the length of which is greater than the average vertical depth of the one or more passages P from the exterior surface of the body. For bodies having other geometries, such as non-planar or circular geometries, the term "monolith" refers to a body having one or more tortuous passages extending therethrough, wherein no non-uniformities (other than the passages), openings, and / or interconnected pores are present in the body, the length of which is greater than (i) the minimum depth of the one or more passages P from the exterior surface of the body, and (ii) the minimum spacing between separate, spaced-apart portions of the one or more passages P. Fluid ports machined and / or molded into the body, for the purpose of intentionally achieving fluid communication and / or outlet ports from the exterior of the body to the passages and / or between separate, spaced-apart portions of the passages (e.g., inlet ports), are excluded from the determination of the average vertical depth, minimum depth, and / or minimum spacing. Providing such a single-body structure or single-body body helps to ensure fluid tightness and good pressure resistance of a fluid component or the like.

[0031] As used herein, the term "monolithic" may additionally or alternatively refer to a body of sintered polycrystalline ceramic material having continuous and uniformly distributed chains of grains in any direction throughout the body, such as when grain growth occurs simultaneously during a single sintering cycle, but wherein the body may contain internal passages as disclosed herein, as well as interstitial pores between the grains, and optionally wherein the majority of the interstitial pores have a maximum lateral dimension of less than 5 μm, such as in the range of 2 to 3 μm, and / or the body does not contain separate parts (e.g., body halves) bonded to each other at joints (observable and / or detectable), such as at the planes of their joining. The joints may be observable and / or detectable, for example, by eye, microscopic analysis of cross-sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), far infrared reflectance spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), surface profilometry after etching, analysis of compositional changes by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and / or X-ray CT scanning. A joint may be indicated by an abrupt change in porosity, composition and / or density through the material in any direction through the body. A joint may also be indicated by a discontinuity or inconsistency in the distribution of grains through the material.

[0032] Now refer to Figures 1 to 6, discloses a fluid device 100 for continuous flow reaction. The fluid device 100 includes a body 104 and a fluid path 108 arranged in the body 104. The fluid path 108 includes a fluid path P extending through the body 104 and a plurality of fluid structures arranged along the fluid path P and in fluid communication with each other. The fluid structure includes an inlet 112 arranged at a first end of the fluid path P and an outlet 116 arranged at a second end of the fluid path P spaced apart from the first end. In an embodiment, the inlet 112 is configured to separately transmit at least two fluids introduced into the fluid path P simultaneously via the inlet 112. The fluid path 108 is configured to mix and transmit at least two fluids along the fluid path P in the flow direction from the inlet 112 to the outlet 116 as represented by the arrow F. The fluid structure further includes a fluid channel section 120 and at least one mixer unit 124, each mixer unit being arranged between the inlet 112 and the outlet 116 along the fluid path P. The fluid path 108 in the embodiment may include additional fluid structures, such as a residence time channel, a separation unit and / or an interface for online analysis. The fluid structures may be disposed adjacent to one another along the fluid path 108 or spaced apart from one another along the fluid path 108 while being fluidly connected via one or more sections of the fluid passage P.

[0033] In an embodiment, at least one mixer unit 124 includes a plurality of mixer units 124 in various configurations and / or multiple positions along the fluid pathway P. The mixer units 124 in an embodiment may include a first group of mixer units 124' arranged in parallel and / or in series with respect to each other and positioned between the inlet 112 and the fluid channel segment 120. The mixer units 124 in an embodiment may additionally or alternatively include a second group of mixer units 124" arranged in parallel and / or in series with respect to each other and positioned between the outlet 116 and the fluid channel segment 120. Figure 2 The block diagram of FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a flow path 108, wherein an inlet 112, a first set of mixer units 124', a fluid channel segment 120, a second set of mixer units 124", and an outlet 116 are positioned relative to each other along the flow path 108. Fig.11 and Fig.12 The inlet 112 and the mixer units 124, 124', 124" are described in more detail.

[0034] The body 104 of the fluidic device 100 can have a variety of shapes. In an embodiment, the body 104 has a plate-like shape, wherein there is a top surface 128, a bottom surface 132 opposite to the top surface 128, and an edge 136 connecting the top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132 at their respective perimeters. The top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132 in the embodiment are substantially planar. The body 104 in the embodiment can be a unitary body, which includes separate components bonded to each other at a joint, such as at a joint plane. For example, as Figure 1 , the body 104 may include a first or top body portion 140 and a second or bottom body portion 144 bonded to the top body portion 140 at a joining plane 148. The body 104 in an embodiment may be a unitary body such that the body does not contain separate components (e.g., body halves) bonded to each other at a joint (observable and / or detectable), such as at a joining plane. In an embodiment, the fluid passage P may be a tortuous fluid channel extending through a unitary body or a unitary body.

[0035] The body 104 of the fluidic device 100 may be formed of a material including one or more of ceramic, metal, glass, and glass-ceramic. In embodiments where the material of the body 104 is metal, the metal material may include stainless steel, such as 316L stainless steel and and other metals. In the embodiment where the material of the body 104 is a ceramic, the ceramic material may include oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, glass ceramics, and other ceramics that can achieve a high density, closed pore structure or body. Oxide ceramics are inorganic compounds of metals (e.g., Al, Zr, Ti, Mg) or metalloid (Si) elements and oxygen. Oxides can be combined with nitrogen or carbon to form more complex oxynitride or oxycarbide ceramics. Non-oxide ceramics are inorganic non-metallic materials, including carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, etc. Some embodiments of non-oxide ceramics that can be used for the body 104 include boron carbide (B4C), boron nitride (BN), tungsten carbide (WC), titanium diboride (TiB2), zirconium diboride (ZrB2), molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon nitride (Si3N4). As used herein, a "closed pore" ceramic body is one in which the ceramic material of the ceramic body exhibits a closed pore topology such that pores or cells in the material are isolated or connected only to adjacent pores or cells and are impermeable to fluids.

[0036] In embodiments where the material of the body 104 is ceramic, the ceramic material may include any compressible powder that is held together by a binder and heat treated to fuse the powder particles together to form the body. In an exemplary embodiment, the body 104 is formed of SiC. In such embodiments, the compressible powder may include a ready-to-press (RTP) SiC powder that includes a binder and / or other additives mixed therewith or coated thereon to facilitate compression. Examples of such RTP SiC powders include SICS-18 from GNP Graystar of Buffalo, New York, USA; IKH 601 and 604 from Industriekeramik Hochrhein (IKH) GmbH of Germany; StarCeram Sα-SiC SQ and RQ types from KYOCERA Fineceramics Precision GmbH of Selb, Germany.

[0037] Now refer to Figures 3 to 10 , discloses various aspects of a fluid channel segment 120. The fluid channel segment 120 includes a fluid passage segment P extending through a portion of the body 104. s . Fluid passage section P s The fluid passage P in the fluid channel section 120 is coextensive, so that the fluid passage section P s Defines a portion of the fluid passage P. Figure 5 and Figures 8 to 10 As shown in the figure, the fluid passage section P s The longitudinal axis LA corresponds to a longitudinal axis extending along the long axis of the fluid channel segment 120 through the fluid channel segment P. s The theoretical line of centroid of consecutive cross sections.

[0038] Figure 3 The fluid channel segment 120 is depicted as a straight fluid channel segment 120'. The straight fluid channel segment 120' has a straight fluid passage segment P s ', whose longitudinal axis LA has only a linear direction along the entire length of the straight fluid channel section 120'. Figure 4 The fluid channel segment 120 is depicted as a curved fluid channel segment 120". The curved fluid channel segment 120" has a curved fluid passage segment P. s ”, wherein the longitudinal axis LA has one or more curved portions extending along the entire length of the curved fluid passage section 120” in a linear direction. In an embodiment, the one or more curved portions of the longitudinal axis LA are disposed in the curved fluid passage section P s "The upstream end of the curved fluid passage section P s "The downstream end, or the curved fluid passage section Ps "Both the upstream end and the downstream end.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the straight fluid channel segment P s '( Figure 3 ) of the longitudinal axis LA and the curved fluid channel section P s ”( Figure 4 ) each lie substantially in a single plane, which may be interchangeably referred to as the axial plane 149 ( Figure 5 ). The axial plane 149 in the embodiment is substantially parallel to the top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132 of the body 104. The axial plane 149 in the embodiment corresponds to the mid-plane of the body 104 located at approximately one-half of the orthogonal distance between the top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132. In other embodiments, the curved fluid passage section P s "The longitudinal axis LA does not lie in a single plane, so that the longitudinal axis LA is a spatial curve.

[0040] Figure 5 Draw along line AA through Figure 3 The cross section of the straight fluid channel section 120' is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA. Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , the straight fluid passage section P s ' includes an inner surface 152 surrounding the longitudinal axis LA. The inner surface 152 may have a straight fluid passage section P suitable for conveying fluid through s For example, the inner surface 152 may have a quadrilateral cross-sectional shape, such as a square or rectangular shape, such as Figure 5 In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the interior surface 152 may have a circular cross-sectional shape. In an embodiment, the interior surface 152 may have a cross-sectional shape that is neither circular nor polygonal, for example, an elliptical cross-sectional shape. For such geometric shapes, the hydraulic diameter of the cross section may provide a method for describing the straight fluid path section P. s 'The geometric shape and flow characteristics of the parameters.

[0041] In embodiments where the interior surface 152 has a quadrilateral (rectangular) cross-sectional shape, such as Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , the straight fluid passage section P s' includes a bottom 154 and a top 156 separated by a passage height h and two opposing side walls 158 connecting the bottom 154 and the top 156. The side walls 158 are separated by a passage width w. The passage height h is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA, and the passage width w is perpendicular to the passage height h and the longitudinal axis LA. In embodiments where the longitudinal axis LA is substantially within the axial plane 149, the passage height h is perpendicular to the axial plane 149. In embodiments where the interior surface 152 includes intersecting walls and / or wall portions, for example Figure 5 In the embodiment depicted in , walls and / or wall portions may include fillets at their intersections. For example, interior surface 152 may include fillets at the intersection of bottom 154 and sidewall 158 and / or at the intersection of top 156 and sidewall 158 (not shown).

[0042] The channel height h in the embodiment is in the range of from 0.1 mm to 20 mm, or from 2 mm to 14 mm, or from 4 mm to 12 mm, or from 3 mm to 12 mm, or from 2 mm to 12 mm, or from 4 mm to 13 mm, or from 4 mm to 14 mm, or from 6 mm to 10 mm, or from 5 mm to 10 mm, or from 4 mm to 10 mm, or from 6 mm to 11 mm, or from 6 mm to 12 mm. The channel width w in the embodiment is in the range of from 15 mm to 40 mm, or from 20 mm to 35 mm, or from 18 mm to 35 mm, or from 16 mm to 35 mm, or from 20 mm to 37 mm, or from 20 mm to 39 mm, or from 25 mm to 30 mm, or from 20 mm to 30 mm, or from 15 mm to 30 mm, or from 25 mm to 35 mm, or from 25 mm to 40 mm. In an embodiment, the channel width w is measured at a position corresponding to one-half of the channel height h. Unless otherwise specified in this disclosure, the curved fluid channel segment 120" includes reference Figure 5 The same features associated with the straight fluid channel segment 120' are described (eg, interior surface 152, bottom 154, top 156, two opposing side walls 158, passage height h, passage width w, and other features).

[0043] The best Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the fluid channel segment 120 includes a fluid passage segment P along the fluid passage segment P. sA plurality of staples Sx arranged in sequence. As used herein, the modifier "x" used with the reference character "S" generally refers to any or all staples in the sequence. The modifiers "1," "2," "3," and so on used with the reference character "S" refer to the consecutive positions of the staples in the sequence. For example, S1 refers to the first staple in the sequence, S2 refers to the second staple in the sequence, and so on. Regardless of the total number of staples in the sequence, the modifier "n" used with the reference character "S" refers to the last staple in the sequence. For example, regardless of whether the fluid channel segment 120 includes 8 staples (e.g., Figure 6 ), 11 pins or 16 pins, Sn refers to the last pin in the sequence. The shape, size, position and / or orientation of the pins and the geometry and / or size of the fluid path segments are configured to enable a high-throughput fluidic device (i.e., a device with a flow rate of at least 40 liters / minute) without compromising mixing quality, pressure drop or reliability / safety.

[0044] The best Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , each stud Sx extends across the fluid passage section P. s , the stud height corresponds to the passage height h, so that the stud Sx fully extends across the fluid passage section P s In the fluid passage section P s In an embodiment where the inner surface 152 has a quadrilateral cross-sectional shape, the stud Sx extends from the fluid passage section P s The bottom 154 extends to the top 156. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view, depicting a plane 149 passing through the Figure 5 14 is a cross-section of a stud Sx to illustrate the properties of the stud Sx. In an embodiment, the axial plane 149 coincides with the mid-plane of the body 104. In an embodiment, the axial plane 149, the mid-plane, and the joint plane 148 ( Figure 1 ) are the same plane. In an embodiment, the stud Sx extends from the axial plane 149, the midplane and / or the joint plane.

[0045] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Each stud Sx has a continuous surface 162 defining the perimeter of the stud Sx. The stud Sx preferably includes a fluid passage section P. s The continuous surface 162 and the inner surface 152 are rounded (not shown) at the intersection, for example, at the bottom 154 and the top 156 of the inner surface 152. The continuous surface 162 has a common elongated shape, which is symmetrical with respect to a symmetry plane SP oriented parallel to the stud height, and when viewed in the axial plane 149, the symmetry plane SP corresponds to the stud axis SA of each stud Sx, and the stud axis SA of the stud Sx passes through at least one common reference point C refThe continuous surface 162 is depicted in dashed type to indicate that the common elongated shape may have Figure 7 , as long as all studs Sx in the sequence have the same common elongated shape. In alternative embodiments, one or more studs Sx in the sequence may have an elongated shape that is different from the common elongated shape. In an embodiment, the continuous surface 162 includes two raised surfaces 166, 170 spaced apart at opposite ends of the studs Sx, and two flat surfaces 174 connecting the two raised surfaces 166, 170 at their respective tangents. In an embodiment, for example Figure 7 As shown in , the continuous surface 162 includes exactly two raised surfaces 166, 170 spaced apart at opposite ends of the stud Sx and exactly two flat surfaces 174 connecting the two raised surfaces 166, 170 at their respective tangents. In an embodiment, the two raised surfaces 166, 170 and the two flat surfaces 174 are substantially convex and substantially flat, respectively.

[0046] The two convex surfaces 166, 170 include a portion of the fluid passage section P along the direction of flow F. s The upstream face 166 is positioned upstream and along the fluid passage section P relative to the flow direction F. s The downstream surface 170 is positioned downstream. s The position and direction in which the fluid flows through the fluid path segment P, as described in more detail later in this disclosure, s The fluid will first flow through and / or interact with the upstream face 166 of the stud Sx, and then flow through and / or interact with the downstream face 170. The upstream face 166 and the downstream face 170 each have a radius, which is Figure 7 In the u (e.g. upstream radius) and r d (e.g., downstream radius) is indicated.

[0047] In an embodiment, the radius of each of the upstream face 166 and the downstream face 170 is from 1.850 mm to 2.800 mm, or from 1.925 mm to 2.725 mm, or from 2.075 mm to 2.775 mm, or from 1.875 mm to 2.575 mm, or from 2.000 mm to 2.650 mm, or from 2.075 mm to 2.675 mm, or from 1.975 mm to 2.575 mm, or from 2.075 mm to 2.575 mm. m, or from 2.075mm to 2.475mm, or from 2.175mm to 2.575mm, or from 2.150mm to 2.500mm, or from 2.075mm to 2.375mm, or from 2.275mm to 2.575mm, or from 2.225mm to 2.425mm, or from 2.300mm to 2.350mm, and also including all sub-ranges and sub-values ​​between and including 1.5mm and 3mm.

[0048] In an embodiment, for all studs Sx of the fluid channel segment 120, the upstream radius r of the upstream face 166 is u and the downstream radius r of the downstream surface 170 d In the embodiment, for all the studs Sx of the fluid channel section 120, the upstream radius r of the upstream face 166 is u and the downstream radius r of the downstream surface 170 d is different, so that the upstream radius r of each nail Sx u and downstream radius r d In the exemplary embodiment, for all the studs Sx in the fluid channel segment 120, the downstream radius r d Greater than upstream radius r u In another embodiment, for all studs Sx in the fluid channel segment 120, the upstream radius r u Greater than the downstream radius r d In a further embodiment, for some of the studs Sx of the fluid channel segment 120, the downstream radius r d Greater than upstream radius r u , while for the other studs Sx of the fluid channel section 120, the upstream radius r u Greater than the downstream radius r d .

[0049] In an embodiment, each stud Sx has an upstream center C at the center of curvature of the upstream face 166 when viewed in the axial plane 149. u Similarly, when viewed in the axial plane 149, each stud Sx has a downstream center C at the center of curvature of the downstream face 170. dIn such embodiments, the radius of the two raised surfaces 166, 170 is constant along the entirety of the two raised surfaces 166, 170, so that the respective centers of curvature of the two raised surfaces 166, 170 are fixedly located. In embodiments, the upstream center C u or downstream center C d Corresponding to at least one common reference point C ref .like Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , when viewed in the axial plane 149, the nail axis SA of each nail Sx passes through the upstream center C u and downstream center C d In an embodiment, the radius of one or both of the two raised faces 166, 170 may vary along all or a portion of the two raised faces 166, 170 such that the upstream face 166 and / or the downstream face 170 has a center of curvature that varies along the position of the raised face.

[0050] Each stud Sx has an upstream center C u With downstream center C d In an embodiment, the staple length L is between 6.185 mm and 7.135 mm, or between 6.260 mm and 7.060 mm, or between 6.410 mm and 7.110 mm, or between 6.210 mm and 6.910 mm, or between 6.335 mm and 6.985 mm, or between 6.410 mm and 7.010 mm, or between 6.310 mm and 6.910 mm, or between 6.410 mm and 6.910 mm, or between 6.410 mm and 6.910 mm. .810mm, or from 6.510mm to 6.910mm, or from 6.485mm to 6.835mm, or from 6.410mm to 6.710mm, or from 6.610mm to 6.910mm, or from 6.560mm to 6.760mm, or from 6.635mm to 6.685mm, and also including all subranges and subvalues ​​between and including 5.750mm and 7.250mm. The overall length Sx of each stud is obtained by dividing the stud length L, the upstream radius r u and downstream radius r d Add to confirm.

[0051] Reference Figure 6 For example, when viewed in any cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA along the entire length of the fluid channel segment 120, the fluid channel segment 120 in the embodiment has no more than two cross-sections across the fluid passage segment P. sIn an embodiment, the fluid channel segment 120 has one or more first portions in which no more than two studs Sx are positioned across the passage width w, and one or more second portions in which more than two studs Sx are positioned across the passage width w.

[0052] Figures 8 to 10 FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the fluid passage segment 120 along the axial plane 149, as viewed from the outside of the fluid device 100 facing the top surface 128 of the body 104, so as to illustrate the position of the stud Sx relative to the fluid passage segment P. s The position of the vertical axis LA ( Figure 8 ) and / or direction ( Fig. 9 and Fig.10 ) coordinate system. Relative to the common reference point C of each stud Sx ref (Right now, Figure 7 The upstream center C in the exemplary embodiment of u ) represents the position and / or orientation of the stud Sx. The position of each stud Sx can be defined in the coordinate system by: (1) an axial component along the longitudinal axis LA corresponding to a common reference point C of each stud Sx; ref and (2) a transverse component orthogonal to the longitudinal axis LA and corresponding to a common reference point C of each stud Sx. ref The lateral position LP.

[0053] As used herein, the subscripts "1", "2", "3", etc. used with the reference characters "AP" refer to the axial positions of the first pin S1, the second pin S2, and the third pin S3, respectively, in the sequence. The subscript "n" used with the reference characters "AP" refers to the axial position of the last pin Sn in the sequence. Similarly, the subscripts "1", "2", "3", etc. used with the reference characters "LP" refer to the lateral positions of the first pin S1, the second pin S2, the third pin S3, etc., respectively, in the sequence. The subscript "n" used with the reference characters "LP" refers to the lateral position of the last pin Sn in the sequence. For example, Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first embedded nail S1 is at the common reference point C ref-S1 The positions at the locations include the axial position AP1 and the lateral position LP1. The last embedded nail Sn is at the common reference point C ref-Sn The position includes the axial position AP n and lateral position LP n .

[0054] The axial position AP of a given stud Sx corresponds to the distance along the longitudinal axis LA between the axial position reference point on the longitudinal axis LA and the stud reference point of the given stud Sx on the longitudinal axis LA. ref The intersection of the nail positioning line (imaginary line) of the nail positioning line is the nail reference point. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the pin reference point of the first pin S1 in the sequence is represented as LA1 on the vertical axis LA, and the pin reference point of the last pin Sn in the sequence is represented as LA on the vertical axis LA. n . The nail positioning line is as follows Figures 8 to 10 As shown in FIG. 1 , a dashed line extends across the passage width w and is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis LA.

[0055] The axial position reference point can be any fixed point on the longitudinal axis LA. Figure 8 As illustrated in , as represented by LA0, the axial position reference point is located upstream of the first pin S1 relative to the flow direction F. Alternatively, the axial position reference point may be the pin reference point of any pin Sx in the sequence, for example, the pin reference point LA1 of the first pin S1 in the sequence. In an embodiment, the axial position AP of a given pin Sx upstream or downstream of the axial position reference point may be represented by using a minus sign (-) or a positive sign (+) before the axial position value. In a first sign protocol, a negative axial position (-AP) may represent a pin reference point of a given pin Sx positioned upstream of the axial position reference point, and a positive axial position (+AP) may represent a pin reference point positioned downstream of the axial position reference point. In a second sign protocol, a positive axial position (+AP) may represent a pin reference point of a given pin Sx positioned upstream of the axial position reference point, and a negative axial position (-AP) may represent a pin reference point positioned downstream of the axial position reference point. Figure 8 The exemplary embodiments depicted in FIG. 1 follow a first notation protocol.

[0056] The distance between the pin reference points of any two pins in the sequence along the longitudinal axis LA defines the axial offset AO between these pins. In an embodiment, the pins are spaced apart from each other in the flow direction with a non-zero axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis LA such that no pins share the same pin reference point. Figure 8 The non-zero axial offset between the first pin S1 and the next pin Sn is shown. Although "Sn" has been previously described as the last pin in the sequence, for the purpose of illustrating the axial offset, Sn refers to the next pin in the sequence along the flow direction F. The non-zero axial offset between S1 and Sn is LA1 and LA n The distance between them along the longitudinal axis LA is Figure 8 Middle Arrow AO 1-nThe sign convention (- or +) discussed for the axial position AP can be used in the same manner to represent the axial offset AO direction upstream or downstream between the studs.

[0057] The lateral position LP of a given stud Sx corresponds to the common reference point C of the given stud Sx on the longitudinal axis LA along the corresponding stud positioning line and the given stud. ref In an embodiment, a given lateral position LP of the stud Sx to the left or right of the longitudinal axis LA (e.g. Figure 8 The lateral position (LP) may be indicated by using a negative (-) or positive (+) sign before the lateral position LP value. In the first sign convention, a negative lateral position (-LP) may indicate a common reference point C of a given stud Sx positioned to the left of the longitudinal axis LA. ref , the positive lateral position (+LP) may represent a common reference point C positioned to the right of the longitudinal axis LA ref In the second notation protocol, positive lateral position (+LP) may represent a common reference point C of a given stud Sx positioned to the left of the longitudinal axis LA. ref , and a negative lateral position (-LP) may represent a common reference point C positioned to the right of the longitudinal axis LA ref . Figure 8 The exemplary embodiments depicted in FIG. 1 follow a first notation protocol.

[0058] The pin reference point of a given pin Sx on the longitudinal axis LA and the common reference point C of the given pin ref The distance between the corresponding stud positioning lines (i.e., the lateral position of a given stud) may be interchangeably referred to as the orthogonal offset or lateral offset LO. In an embodiment, the common reference point C of each stud Sx in the sequence ref The longitudinal axis LA is spaced apart by a non-zero lateral offset LO so that the common reference point C of the studs Sx in the sequence ref In one embodiment, the non-zero lateral offset LO includes a first direction (ie, Figure 8 A first orthogonal offset on the left or right side of the longitudinal axis shown in FIG. 1 ) and a second direction opposite to the first direction (i.e., as shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 8 The sign convention (- or +) discussed for the lateral position LP can be used in the same manner to indicate the direction of the lateral offset LO relative to the longitudinal axis LA.

[0059] In an embodiment, each stud has an offset ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the non-zero lateral offset LO to the common reference point C. ref The ratio between the half of the passage width w at the common reference point C refThe offset ratio is determined at a position such that the non-zero lateral offset LO and the passage width w are collinear (i.e., along the stud positioning line). In an embodiment, the offset ratio of the stud is represented by the absolute value of the non-zero lateral offset LO divided by one-half of the passage width w, and ranges from 0.050 to 0.780, or from 0.040 to 0.820, or from 0.030 to 0.858, or from 0.020 to 0.897, or from 0.010 to 0.936, or from 0.060 to 0.741, or from 0.070 to 0.702, or from 0.080 to 0.663, or from 0.090 to 0.6 24, or from 0.100 to 0.585, or from 0.050 to 0.390, or from 0.050 to 0.507, or from 0.050 to 0.624, or from 0.050 to 0.936, or from 0.150 to 0.780, or from 0.120 to 0.780, or from 0.090 to 0.780, or from 0.010 to 0.780, and also including all subranges and subvalues ​​between and including 0.005 and 0.960.

[0060] Now refer to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 , the direction of each stud Sx can be defined in the coordinate system by the angle α formed between the stud longitudinal axis SA of a given stud and the tangent TL to the longitudinal axis LA at the stud reference point. As mentioned above, the stud axis SA passes through the upstream center Cu and the downstream center Cd of each stud, and the upstream center Cu corresponds to Figures 8 to 10 The common reference point C in the exemplary embodiment depicted ref As previously described, the stud reference point is located at the intersection of the longitudinal axis LA and the stud locating line (ie, a common reference point C perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LA and passing through a given stud). ref In order to simplify the visualization of the angle α between the nail axis SA and the tangent line TL, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The diagram is translated from the nail reference point to the common reference point C ref The tangent line TL of the nail axis SA intersects the common reference point C. ref Place.

[0061] As used herein, subscripts "1", "2", "3", etc. used with reference character "α" refer to the angle of the pin axis SA of the first pin S1, the second pin S2, the third pin S3, etc. in the sequence, respectively. Subscript "n" used with reference character "α" refers to the angle of the pin axis SA of the last pin Sn in the sequence. Subscripts "1", "2", "3", etc. and subscript "n" are used with reference characters "SA" and "TL" in the same manner as these subscripts are used with reference character "α".

[0062] Fig. 9 The angle α between the stud axis SA and the tangent line TL of the first stud S1 and the last stud Sn in the sequence is shown, and the corresponding common reference point C ref Positioned along the straight portion of the fluid channel segment 120. For example, Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , the first stud S1 has a plurality of studs passing through the common reference point C. ref-S1 (i.e., the upstream center C u-S1 ) and the downstream center (not marked) of the nail axis SA1, and with the nail reference point LA1 (converted into a common reference point C ref-S1 ) forms an angle α1 with the tangent line TL1 of the longitudinal axis LA at . Similarly, the last stud SA n Having a common reference point C ref-Sn (i.e., the upstream center C u-Sn ) and the nail axis SA of the downstream center (not marked) n and with the embedded nail reference point LA n (Converted to common reference point C ref-Sn ) is the tangent line TL to the longitudinal axis LA n Forming angle α n It should be understood that the common reference point C of any other pin or all pins in a sequence ref May be positioned along a straight portion of the fluid channel segment 120 .

[0063] Fig.10 The angle α between the stud axis SA and the tangent line TL of the second stud S2 in the sequence is shown, with the common reference point C ref Positioned along the curved portion of the fluid channel segment 120. For example, Fig.10 As shown in FIG. 1 , the second stud S2 has a plurality of studs passing through the common reference point C. ref-S2 (i.e., the upstream center C u-S1 ) and the downstream center (not marked) of the nail axis SA2, and with the nail reference point LA1 (converted into a common reference point C ref-S1 ) forms an angle α1 with respect to the tangent line TL1 of the longitudinal axis LA at ). It should be understood that the common reference point C of any other pin or all pins in the sequence ref The studs Sx may be positioned along a curved portion of the fluid passage segment 120. In an embodiment, for example, at least some of the studs Sx in the sequence are arranged along a curved portion of the fluid passage segment Ps.

[0064] In an embodiment, the angle α between the stud axis SA and the tangent line TL is a non-zero angle, such that the stud axis SA is oriented transversely relative to the tangent line TL (i.e., the stud axis SA is not parallel to the tangent line TL). The non-zero angle α in the embodiment includes a third direction (i.e., Fig. 9and Fig.10 As shown, a first non-zero angle in one of the counterclockwise or clockwise directions from the tangent line TL and a second non-zero angle in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction (i.e., the other of the counterclockwise or clockwise directions from the tangent line TL, as shown Fig. 9 and Fig.10 shown).

[0065] In an embodiment, the first non-zero angle in the third direction or the second non-zero angle in the fourth direction (e.g., Fig. 9 and Fig.10 ). In the first sign protocol, a negative angle (-α) may represent an angle α that the pin axis SA of a given pin Sx is oriented counterclockwise to the tangent line TL, and a positive angle (+α) may represent an angle α that the pin axis SA of a given pin Sx is oriented clockwise to the tangent line TL. In the second sign protocol, a positive angle (+α) may represent an angle α that the pin axis SA of a given pin Sx is oriented counterclockwise to the tangent line TL, and a negative angle (-α) may represent an angle α that the pin axis SA of a given pin Sx is oriented clockwise to the tangent line TL. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The depicted exemplary embodiment follows the first sign agreement. In the embodiment, the non-zero angle α between the stud axis SA and the tangent line TL is within the range of -90°<α<90°, so that the fluid flowing through the fluid passage section Ps along the flow direction will first pass through the upstream face 166 ( Figure 7 ) and / or interact with it, and then through the downstream surface 170 ( Figure 7 ) and / or interact with it.

[0066] Along the fluid path section P s The positions, orientations, and / or numbers of the staples Sx in the sequence of are configured to have various relationships and / or patterns that enable high throughput fluidic devices (i.e., devices with a flow rate of at least 40 liters / minute) without compromising mixing quality pressure drop, or reliability / safety. s Having a total number of staples Sx in the sequence. In an embodiment, the total number of staples Sx in the sequence ranges from 2 to 25, or from 5 to 22, or from 8 to 19, or from 11 to 16, or from 12 to 15, or from 11 to 25, or from 11 to 22, or from 11 to 19, or from 11 to 14, or from 2 to 16, or from 5 to 16, or from 8 to 16, or from 13 to 16.

[0067] In an embodiment, the number and position of studs Sx in a sequence have a relationship and / or pattern that provides an advantage. In such an embodiment, the number of studs having a first lateral offset LO and the number of studs having a second lateral offset LO differ by at least 1. In such an embodiment, the upstream center C of most studs in the sequence is u The first lateral offset LO and the second lateral offset LO are sequentially alternated. In such an embodiment, the upstream centers C of at least 10 studs in the sequence u Sequentially alternating between the first lateral offset LO and the second lateral offset LO. In such implementations, the upstream centers of the first 2 studs in the sequence (ie, the first stud S1 and the second stud S2) have either the first lateral offset LO or the second lateral offset LO.

[0068] In an embodiment, the number and orientation of the studs Sx in the sequence have a relationship and / or pattern that provides an advantage. In such embodiments, the number of studs having a first non-zero angle differs from the number of studs having a second non-zero angle by at least 2. In such embodiments, the number of studs having a first non-zero angle differs from the number of studs having a second non-zero angle by at least 3. In such embodiments, the stud axes SA of most of the studs in the sequence sequentially alternate between the first non-zero angle and the second non-zero angle. In such embodiments, the stud axes SA of at least 8 studs in the sequence sequentially alternate between the first non-zero angle and the second non-zero angle. In such embodiments, the stud axes SA of the first 2 studs in the sequence (i.e., the first stud S1 and the second stud S2) have the first non-zero angle or the second non-zero angle, such that the non-zero angles of the first 2 studs in the sequence have the same direction relative to the tangent line TL. In such embodiments, the stud axes SA of the first four studs in the sequence (ie, the first stud S1 , the second stud S2 , the third stud S3 , and the fourth stud S4 ) have the first non-zero angle or the second non-zero angle.

[0069] Reference Fig.11 and Fig.12 And refer again Figure 2 , discloses further details of the fluid path 108 and its features. The fluid path 108 at the first or upstream end includes an inlet 112 through which one or more different fluids are configured to be introduced into the fluid passage P simultaneously. Fig.11 Describe an embodiment of the inlet 112. The inlet 112 includes a plurality of sub-inlets such as a first inlet portion 113 and a second inlet portion 114, such as Fig.11As shown in FIG. The first inlet portion 113 and the second inlet portion 114 are configured to receive a first fluid and a second fluid, respectively, and maintain separation between the first fluid and the second fluid therein for at least a portion of the flow through the inlet 112 along the flow direction. In an embodiment, the number of sub-inlets is greater than 2, for example, 3 sub-inlets, or 4 sub-inlets, or 5 sub-inlets, each sub-inlet being configured to receive a corresponding fluid, and maintain separation between the corresponding fluid and other fluids introduced through other sub-inlets for at least a portion of the flow through the inlet 112. The inlet 112 also includes an outlet portion 115, through which the first fluid and the second fluid exit the inlet 112 and enter the fluid passage P. In an embodiment, the fluids introduced through the sub-inlets combine before exiting through the outlet portion 115, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown in the figure.

[0070] Fig.12 Describe the previous reference Figure 2 1. The mixer unit 124 includes a wall structure configured to define a chamber 178. The chamber 178 includes a flow splitter that divides the fluid passage P into at least two sub-passages 182, and a connection 186 of the split passages 182, and in at least one of the sub-passages 182, the passage direction changes by at least 90 degrees relative to the direction of the immediately upstream passage. In the illustrated embodiment, the direction of the passage P is changed by at least 90 degrees relative to the direction of the immediately upstream passage. Fig.12 1, the two sub-passages 182 change direction by more than 90 degrees relative to the immediately upstream passage direction of the fluid passage P. The chamber 178 also includes a flow dividing and redirecting wall 190 oriented crosswise to the immediately upstream flow direction and positioned immediately downstream of an inlet 194 of the chamber 178. The upstream side of the flow dividing and redirecting wall 190 has a concave surface 196.

[0071] In embodiments where at least one mixer unit 124 comprises a plurality of mixer units, the mixer units 124 may be arranged in series relative to one another so as to provide a plurality of successive chambers 178 thereof along a portion of the fluid pathway P. In such embodiments, each of the plurality of successive chambers 178, for those chambers having one of the chambers immediately following, further comprises a gradually narrowing outlet 198, which forms a corresponding narrowed inlet 194 of the successive chamber. In embodiments, two or more groups of the mixer units 124 arranged in series may be positioned along two or more branches of the fluid pathway P, respectively, wherein respective groups of the mixer units 124 arranged in series are positioned along respective branches of the fluid pathway P. In such embodiments, the two or more groups of regions in the mixer units 124 arranged in series are also arranged in parallel relative to one another. Various embodiments and arrangements of mixer units that may be used in the fluid pathway 108 of the present disclosure have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,939,033, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0072] Example

[0073] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be better understood with reference to the following examples provided by way of illustration. The present disclosure is not limited to the examples given herein. In the examples, different embodiments of the fluid channel segments 120 are combined with various arrangements of fluid structures along the fluid passage P to provide a high-throughput fluid path 108. The high-throughput fluid path 108 is configured to be incorporated into a fluid device, such as a SiC fluid device.

[0074] Refer again Figure 1, the SiC fluid device of the embodiment includes a body 104 having dimensions configured to safely incorporate a high-throughput fluid path 108 under the pressure and flow conditions described herein. The body 104 may include fillets and / or chambers along its edges. The body 104 of the embodiment is a unitary body that includes a first or top body portion 140 and a second or bottom body portion 144 that is bonded or otherwise sealed to the top body portion 140 at a bonding plane 148. Each of the first body portion 140 and the second body portion 144 has a thickness in the range from about 6.650 mm to about 12.350 mm, including all subranges and subvalues ​​therebetween. In an exemplary embodiment corresponding to the embodiment, the thickness of the first body portion 140 and the second body portion 144 are the same. The fluid passage P and other fluid structures disposed along the fluid path 108 are partially formed in the first body portion 140 and partially formed in the second body portion 144, and extend from the joint platform 148 into the respective first body portion 140 and second body portion 144, with a depth ranging from about 2.800 mm to about 5.200 mm, including all subranges and subvalues ​​therebetween. In an exemplary embodiment corresponding to the embodiment, the depths in the first body portion 140 and the second body portion 144 are the same. The inlet 112 and outlet 116 of the embodiment (except for the embodiment 2 discussed below) extend generally in a direction perpendicular to the top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132 of the body 104.

[0075] The high-throughput fluid path 108 of the embodiment was modeled and analyzed using a high flow rate of 40 L / min and a target (internal) pressure to estimate its performance attributes, particularly in terms of pressure drop and mechanical reliability (i.e., mechanical domains such as stress, strain, invariants, etc.). Fig.13 and Fig.14 In TABLE 6 and Table 6, certain performance attributes of the high-throughput fluid path 108 according to embodiments are reported.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] The first flow path 108 according to Embodiment 1 includes an inlet 112, a first set of mixer units 124', a straight fluid channel section 120', a second set of mixer units 124", and an outlet 116, all of which are arranged sequentially along the flow direction in the order indicated herein. The inlet 112 corresponds to the reference Fig.11 The first set of mixer units 124' comprises three mixer units arranged in series relative to each other along the fluid path P. The mixer unit 124' corresponds to the reference Fig.12Described embodiment. The mixer units of the first group of mixer units 124' are larger than the mixer units of the second group of mixer units 124". As used herein, the term "larger than" used with respect to the size of the mixer units means that the volume of the first containing fluid of the first mixer unit 124' is larger than the volume of the second containing fluid of the second mixer unit 124".

[0078] The straight fluid channel segment 120' of Embodiment 1 is fluidly connected to the last mixer unit of the first group of mixer units 124' through the first section of the fluid passage P. The first section includes a first straight portion connected to the outlet 198 of the last mixer unit 124' and a first curved portion connected to the first end or upstream end of the straight fluid channel segment 120'. The straight fluid channel segment 120' of the embodiment includes a fluid passage segment P along which s Eight (8) stud sequences are arranged. Using reference Figures 8 to 10 The coordinate system described above is shown in Table 1, and the position, direction, and offset ratio of the stud Sx of the straight fluid channel section 120' of Example 1 are listed. The stud reference point (i.e., "stud position 1") of the first stud S1 is used as the axial position reference point in the embodiment, so the axial offset of the first stud S1 in Table 1 (and Tables 2 to 4 discussed below) will be zero.

[0079] Table 1 Coordinates, directions, and offset ratios of the embedded nails in Example 1

[0080]

[0081] Through the second section of the fluid passage P, the straight fluid channel section 120' of Example 1 is fluidly connected to the second group of mixer units 124". Starting from the straight fluid channel section 120', the second section includes (1) a second curved portion connected to the second end or downstream end of the straight fluid channel section 120', (2) a second straight portion connected to the second curved portion, (3) a second branch that divides the second straight portion of the second section into a first branch portion and a first branch of the second branch portion, (4) a second branch that divides the first branch portion into a third branch portion and a fourth branch portion, and (5) a third branch that divides the second branch portion into a fifth branch portion and a sixth branch portion.

[0082] The second group of mixer units 124" includes twelve mixer units arranged into four subgroups, each subgroup including three mixer units arranged in series relative to each other. The three mixer units 124" arranged in series of the first subgroup are connected to the third branch portion. The three mixer units 124" arranged in series of the second subgroup are connected to the fourth branch portion. The three mixer units 124" arranged in series of the third subgroup are connected to the fifth branch portion. The three mixer units 124" arranged in series of the fourth subgroup are connected to the sixth branch portion.

[0083] The four subgroups of mixer units are arranged such that the sequentially first mixer unit of the first subgroup is adjacent to and fluidically connected to the sequentially first mixer unit of the second subgroup, the sequentially first mixer unit of the second subgroup is adjacent to and fluidically connected to the sequentially first mixer unit of the third subgroup. The sequentially first mixer unit of the third subgroup is adjacent to and fluidically connected to the sequentially first mixer unit of the fourth subgroup. The sequentially second mixer unit and the sequentially third mixer unit of each of the first, second, third and fourth subgroups are arranged in the same manner as the sequentially first mixer unit of these subgroups.

[0084] The second group of mixer units 124" is fluidly connected to the outlet 116 through the third section of the fluid passage P. The third section includes multiple section parts, each section part is fluidly connected to the outlet 198 of the third mixer unit of one of the first, second, third or fourth subgroups of the second group of mixer units 124".

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The second flow path 108 according to Example 2 includes an inlet 112, a first group of mixer units 124', a curved fluid channel section 120', a second group of mixer units 124", and an outlet 116, all of which are arranged sequentially along the flow direction in the order represented herein. The inlet 112, the first group of mixer units 124', the second group of mixer units 124", and the outlet 116 generally correspond to the equivalent fluid structures described in the first flow path 108 of Example 1, but the inlet 112 and the outlet 116 have the following differences. Specifically, the inlet 112 and the outlet 116 are laterally oriented relative to the top surface 128 and the bottom surface 132 of the body (i.e., at an angle of approximately 35 degrees) and include a circular fillet of approximately 3 mm.

[0087] The curved fluid channel section 120" of embodiment 2 includes a curved fluid channel section P s” is a curved portion of the longitudinal axis LA at the first end or upstream end of the curved fluid channel segment 120 ″. The curved fluid channel segment 120 ″ of Example 2 is fluidically connected to the last mixer unit of the first group of mixer units 124 ′ through the first section of the fluid passage P. The first section includes a straight portion, one end of which is connected to the outlet 198 of the last mixer unit 124 ′, and the other end is connected to the first end or upstream end of the curved fluid channel segment 120 ″. The curved fluid channel segment 120 ″ of Example 2 includes a fluid passage segment P along which s Sixteen (16) stud sequences are arranged. Using reference Figures 8 to 10 The coordinate system described, in Table 2, represents the position, orientation and offset ratio of the studs Sx of the curved fluid channel segment 120' of Example 2. At least three (3) studs of the curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 2 are arranged along the curved portion of the longitudinal axis LA, preferably the first three (3) studs in the sequence.

[0088] Table 2 Coordinates, directions, and offset ratios of the embedded nails in Example 2

[0089]

[0090] The curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 2 is fluidly connected to a second group of mixer units 124" through a second section of the fluid passage P, wherein the second section is connected to a second end or downstream end of the curved fluid channel segment 120'. Starting from the curved fluid channel segment 120", the second section includes (1) a first branch that divides the curved fluid channel segment 120" into a first branch portion and a second branch portion, (2) a second branch that divides the first branch portion into a third branch portion and a fourth branch portion, and (3) a third branch that divides the second branch portion into a fifth branch portion and a sixth branch portion. The second group of mixer units 124" is connected to the second section of the fluid passage P in substantially the same manner as described in Example 1. The second group of mixer units 124" is fluidly connected to the outlet 116 through the third section of the fluid passage P in substantially the same manner as described in Example 1.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] The third flow path 108 according to Example 3 includes an inlet 112, a first group of mixer units 124', a curved fluid channel section 120', a second group of mixer units 124", and an outlet 116, all of which are arranged sequentially along the flow direction in the order represented herein. The inlet 112, the first group of mixer units 124', the second group of mixer units 124" and the outlet 116 roughly correspond to the equivalent fluid structure described in the first flow path 108 of Example 1.

[0093] The curved fluid channel section 120" of the embodiment 3 includes a curved fluid channel section P s The curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 3 is fluidly connected to the first set of mixer units 124" in substantially the same manner as described in Example 2. The curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 3 includes a fluid passage segment P along which s Eleven (11) stud sequences are arranged. Using reference Figures 8 to 10 The coordinate system described, in Table 3, represents the position, orientation and offset ratio of the studs Sx of the curved fluid channel segment 120' of Example 3. At least three (3) studs of the curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 3 are arranged along the curved portion of the longitudinal axis LA, preferably the first three (3) studs in the sequence.

[0094] Table 3 Coordinates, directions, and offset ratios of the embedded nails in Example 3

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] The fluid connections between the curved fluid channel segment 120 ″, the second segment, the second set of mixer units 124 ″, the third segment and the outlet 116 of Example 3 are substantially the same as those described in Example 2.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] The fourth flow path 108 according to Example 4 includes an inlet 112, a first group of mixer units 124', a curved fluid channel section 120', a second group of mixer units 124", and an outlet 116, all of which are arranged sequentially along the flow direction in the order represented herein. The inlet 112, the first group of mixer units 124', the second group of mixer units 124" and the outlet 116 roughly correspond to the equivalent fluid structure described in the first flow path 108 of Example 1.

[0100] The curved fluid channel section 120" of embodiment 4 includes a curved fluid channel section P s The curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 4 is fluidly connected to the first set of mixer units 124' in substantially the same manner as described in Examples 2 and 3. The curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 4 includes a fluid passage segment P along which s Eleven (11) stud sequences are arranged. Using reference Figures 8 to 10The coordinate system described, in Table 3, represents the position, orientation and offset ratio of the studs Sx of the curved fluid channel segment 120' of Example 4. At least three (3) studs of the curved fluid channel segment 120" of Example 4 are arranged along the curved portion of the longitudinal axis LA, preferably the first three (3) studs in the sequence.

[0101] Table 4 Coordinates, directions, and offset ratios of the embedded nails in Example 4

[0102]

[0103] The fluid connections between the curved fluid channel segment 120 ″, the second segment, the second set of mixer units 124 ″, the third segment and the outlet 116 of Example 4 are substantially the same as those described in Examples 2 and 3.

[0104] Table 5 shows further properties of the fluid channel segments 120, 120', 120" of the embodiments that are not dependent on the location and / or orientation of the studs within a given fluid channel segment.

[0105] Table 5 Further properties of the fluid channel segments of the embodiment

[0106]

[0107] Some of the attributes represented in Table 5 are further described herein. The attribute "Axial offset from reference point (mm) of pin position 1" in Table 5 refers to the distance along the longitudinal axis LA between the pin reference point (i.e., "pin position 1") of the first pin S1 in the sequence and the axial position reference point (i.e., "reference point") on the longitudinal axis LA, which is different from the pin reference point of the first pin S1. In Table 5, the axial position reference point (or reference point) is the position at the outlet 198 of the nearest mixer unit 124' in the first group of mixer units 124' upstream of the first pin S1 on the longitudinal axis LA of the fluid passage P. For example, the pin reference point of the first pin S1 or pin position 1 of the straight fluid channel segment 120' of Example 1 is located 96.7 mm downstream of the outlet 198 of the nearest mixer unit 124' in the first group of mixer units 124' in the flow path 108 of Example 1.

[0108] The attribute "Length of stud between radial centers (mm)" in Table 5 refers to the upstream center C of a given stud Sx. u (i.e., at the center of curvature of the upstream face 166) and the downstream center C d (ie, at the center of curvature of downstream face 170).

[0109] The different ratios shown in Table 5 illustrate the relationship between the characteristics of the studs and the characteristics of the fluid channel segments in the embodiments. These relationships help show how one characteristic changes as another characteristic changes. For example, the attributes "ratio of the upstream radius of the stud to the passage width" and "ratio of the downstream radius of the stud to the passage width" illustrate how the stud radius changes as the passage width changes. The attributes "ratio of the upstream radius of the stud to the stud length" and "ratio of the downstream radius of the stud to the stud length" illustrate how the stud radius changes as the stud length changes. The attribute "ratio of the stud length to the passage width" illustrates how the stud length changes as the passage width changes. In an embodiment, the range of any ratio attribute shown in Table 5 may be + / -2.5%, or + / -5%, or + / -7.5%, or + / -10%, or + / -15%, or + / -20% of the ratio of any embodiment. In an embodiment, the range of any ratio attribute shown in Table 5 may include the minimum and maximum values ​​of the ratios of all embodiments. For example, the range of the attribute "ratio of stud length to passage width" can be from 0.24 (Example 4) to 0.34 (Examples 1 and 2). The range of the attribute "ratio of stud length to passage width" can also be increased or decreased by percentage, for example, 2.5%, or 5%, or 7.5%, or 10%, or 15%, or 20%.

[0110] In an embodiment, the upstream radius, downstream radius and / or stud length may vary with the maximum internal pressure. In addition, the property "ratio of stud downstream radius to stud upstream radius" may increase with the maximum internal pressure.

[0111] Performance Attributes – All Examples

[0112] Fig.13 The maximum calculated stresses at different locations along the high-throughput fluid path 108 of Examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example are compared. To calculate the stress, a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed assuming the following material properties and boundary conditions. The material is silicon carbide (SiC), Young's modulus (E) = 420 GPa, Poisson's ratio (v) = 0.16. Symmetric conditions are set on the bonding plane, for example, Figure 1 As shown at 148 in FIG. 148, a pressure of 100 bar (10 MPa) is applied within the fluid passage P. For the first node (u x ,u y = 0), displacement is blocked in two directions, for example, Figure 1 As shown at 150 in the figure. For the second node (u x = 0), displacement is blocked in one direction, for example, Figure 1151 in. The maximum stress (von Mises) is calculated at two locations: (1) at the bottom or corner of the fluid passage P, and (2) at the midplane or joint plane of the body 104, the latter being important when the body is sealed at the joint plane.

[0113] In the comparative example, the flow path of the configuration allows flow rates up to 20 liters / minute at reaction pressures up to 18 bar and conditions up to 200° C., and when the configuration is modeled for a pressure of 100 bar, a maximum corner stress of 94 MPa and a maximum mid-plane stress of 61 MPa occur within the fluid channel segment. As mentioned previously, the high-throughput flow paths of Examples 1 to 4 allow flow rates of 40 liters / minute.

[0114] In Example 1, a maximum corner stress of 230 MPa occurs within the third section (between the second group of mixer units 124" and the outlet 116), and a maximum mid-plane stress of 83 MPa occurs within the fluid channel sections 120, 120". In Example 2, a maximum corner stress of 136 MPa and a maximum mid-plane stress of 58 MPa occur within the inlet 112 before the fluid is connected to the first group of mixer units 124'. Compared with the stress values ​​of Example 1, the narrower channel width w and the higher pin density (i.e., more fluid channel section volume is occupied by pins) significantly reduce the stress values. In Example 3, a maximum corner stress of 187 MPa and a maximum mid-plane stress of 94 MPa occur within the fluid channel sections 120, 120". Compared with Example 2, the stress of Example 3 has increased, but the stress is still within an acceptable level. The fluid channel section of Example 3 includes fewer pins than the fluid channel section of Example 2, thereby improving fluid dynamics, as discussed in more detail below.

[0115] In Example 4, the maximum corner stress of 176 MPa and the maximum mid-plane stress of 76 MPa occur within the fluid channel segments 120, 120". Compared with the other embodiments and comparative examples, various structural modifications of the fluid channel segments of Example 4 (i.e., the number of pins, the location and / or orientation of the pins, the downstream radius being greater than the upstream radius, the length of the pins, etc.) can significantly reduce the stress, but have very limited impact on the fluid dynamic performance, as discussed in more detail below.

[0116] The fluid dynamics performance of the high-throughput flow paths of Examples 1 to 4 was evaluated by performing a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Fig.14 The total pressure drop along the flux fluid path of Examples 1 to 4 is shown. A flow rate of 40 liters / minute of water at room temperature was used for the pressure drop simulation. The target total pressure drop was less than 5 bar. Fig.14As shown in , the high throughput flow paths of Examples 1, 3, and 4 exceed the target pressure drop, while the flow path of Example 2 is slightly higher than the target pressure drop.

[0117] Table 6 reports the mixing uniformity and flow rate at different locations along the high-throughput fluid path of Examples 1 to 4. Two miscible fluids were used for mixing simulations: (1) Fluid A (organic): flow rate: 6.8 L / min, density 890 kg / m 3 , viscosity 0.73mPa.s; (2) Fluid B (acid): flow rate: 26L / min, density 1400kg / m 3 , viscosity 3.67mPa.s. Fluid A and fluid B are introduced from different inlets (i.e. Fig.11 The first inlet portion 113 and the second inlet portion 114 shown in the figure are delivered.

[0118] Table 6 Mixing uniformity and flow rate of Examples 1 to 4

[0119]

[0120] Mixing uniformity and flow rate are evaluated at specific positions along the flow path of Examples 1 to 4: Position (1) is located at the outlet 198 of the last mixing unit in the first group of mixing units 124'; Position (2) is located at the outlet 198 of the last mixing unit of the first subgroup of mixing units of the second group of mixing units 124"; Position (3) is located at the outlet 198 of the last mixing unit of the second subgroup of mixing units of the second group of mixing units 124"; Position (4) is located at the outlet 198 of the last mixing unit of the third subgroup of mixing units of the second group of mixing units 124"; Position (5) is located at the outlet 198 of the last mixing unit of the fourth subgroup of mixing units of the second group of mixing units 124"; and Position (6) is located slightly before the outlet 116.

[0121] Mixing uniformity is important for the chemical performance of fluid devices. The simulation results show that Example 3 has the highest mixing uniformity quality, while the flow rates in the parallel mixer units (i.e., the first, second, third, and fourth subgroups located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively) are slightly unbalanced. In Example 4, the flow rate imbalance problem is solved by adjusting the passage width w at the corresponding outlet 198 of each subgroup of the mixer units. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the higher uniformity index of Example 3 is achieved by placing a straight segment of the fluid passage P before the mixing unit row to reduce the influence of centrifugal force.

[0122] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail in the drawings and above description, it should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive in nature. It should be understood that only preferred embodiments have been described and all changes, modifications and further applications within the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be protected.

Claims

1. A fluid channel segment, comprising: a fluid passageway segment extending through a portion of the body, the fluid passageway segment having a longitudinal axis generally within an axial plane, a passageway height perpendicular to the axial plane, a passageway width perpendicular to the passageway height and the longitudinal axis, and a flow direction through the fluid passageway segment; as well as A plurality of studs are arranged in sequence along the fluid path section, wherein: Each stud extends across the fluid passage section, and the stud height corresponds to the passage height of the fluid passage section. no more than two studs are positioned across the passage width of the fluid passage section, each stud having a continuous surface defining a perimeter of said stud, said continuous surface having a common elongated shape symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry oriented parallel to the stud height, and said plane of symmetry corresponding to a stud axis of each stud when viewed in said axial plane, said stud axis passing through a common reference point on each stud, The studs are spaced apart from one another in the flow direction and have a non-zero axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis, and The pin axis of each pin forms a non-zero angle α with a tangent to the longitudinal axis, the tangent being located at the intersection of the longitudinal axis and a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and passing through the common reference point, the non-zero angles of the first two pins in the sequence having the same direction relative to the tangent.

2. The fluid channel segment according to claim 1, wherein the continuous surface comprises two convex surfaces spaced apart at opposite ends of the stud and two flat surfaces connecting the two convex surfaces at their respective tangent lines.

3. The fluid channel segment of claim 1, wherein the continuous surface comprises exactly two convex surfaces spaced apart at opposite ends of the stud and exactly two flat surfaces connecting the two convex surfaces at their respective tangents.

4. The fluid passage segment according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the two convex surfaces include an upstream face and a downstream face respectively located upstream and downstream along the fluid passage segment with respect to the flow direction.

5. The fluid channel segment of claim 4, wherein each of the upstream face and the downstream face has a radius.

6. The fluid channel segment of claim 5, wherein the radius of each of the upstream face and the downstream face is in a range from about 1.850 mm to about 2.800 mm.

7. The fluid channel segment of claim 5, wherein a ratio of a radius of the upstream face or the downstream face to the passage width is in a range from about 0.05 to about 0.

13.

8. A fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein each stud has an upstream center at the center of curvature of the upstream face when viewed in the plane, the upstream center of each stud corresponding to the common reference point and having a non-zero lateral offset LO relative to the longitudinal axis.

9. The fluid channel segment of claim 8, wherein the non-zero lateral offset LO comprises a first lateral offset LO in a first direction and a second lateral offset LO in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

10. The fluid channel segment of claim 9, wherein each stud has an offset ratio defined as the ratio between the absolute value of the non-zero lateral offset LO and half the passage width at the upstream center, wherein the stud offset ratio is in the range from about 0.040 to about 0.

820.

11. A fluid channel segment according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the stud axis of each stud passes through the upstream centre and the downstream centre at the centre of curvature of the downstream face when viewed in the plane. 12 . The fluid channel segment of claim 11 , wherein the non-zero angles include a first non-zero angle in a third direction and a second non-zero angle in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction.

13. The fluid channel segment of claim 12, wherein the number of studs having the first lateral offset (LO) differs from the number of studs having the second lateral offset (LO) by at least 1.

14. A fluid channel segment according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the upstream centres of a majority of the studs in the sequence alternate sequentially between the first lateral offset (LO) and the second lateral offset (LO).

15. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 12-14, wherein upstream centers of at least 10 studs in the sequence alternate sequentially between the first lateral offset (LO) and the second lateral offset (LO).

16. The fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 12-15, wherein the upstream centers of the first 2 studs in the sequence have the first lateral offset LO or the second lateral offset LO.

17. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the number of studs having the first non-zero angle differs from the number of studs having the second non-zero angle by at least 2.

18. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the staple axes of a majority of the staples in the sequence sequentially alternate between the first non-zero angle and the second non-zero angle.

19. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the staple axes of at least 8 staples in the sequence sequentially alternate between the first non-zero angle and the second non-zero angle.

20. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-19, wherein the pin axes of the first two pins in the sequence have the first non-zero angle or the second non-zero angle.

21. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-20, wherein the number of studs having the first non-zero angle differs from the number of studs having the second non-zero angle by at least 3.

22. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 13-21, wherein the pin axes of the first four pins in the sequence have the first non-zero angle or the second non-zero angle.

23. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 5-22, wherein the radii of the upstream face and the downstream face are consistent.

24. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 5-22, wherein the upstream face and the downstream face have different radii.

25. The fluid channel segment of claim 24, wherein the radius of the downstream face is greater than the radius of the upstream face.

26. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 11-25, wherein the length of each stud between the upstream center and the downstream center ranges from about 6.185 mm to about 7.135 mm.

27. The fluid channel segment of claim 26, wherein a ratio of a radius to a length of the upstream face or the downstream face is in a range of about 0.21 to about 0.

52.

28. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the total number of staples within the fluid channel segment is in the range of 11 to 16.

29. A fluid passage segment according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the fluid passage segment comprises a curved portion arranged at its upstream end relative to the flow direction, at least some of the studs being arranged along the curved portion.

30. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 1-29, wherein the passage height is in the range of from about 5 mm to about 10 mm.

31. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the passage width is in the range of from about 18 mm to about 30 mm.

32. A fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 1-31, wherein the fluid channel segment has an internal surface, the internal surface comprising a bottom and a top separated by the channel height and two opposite side walls connecting the bottom and the top, the side walls being separated by the channel width measured perpendicular to the channel height and located at a position corresponding to half of the channel height.

33. The fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 1-32, wherein the material of the body and the studs comprises one or more of ceramic, metal and glass.

34. The fluid channel segment of claim 33, wherein the material is a ceramic.

35. The fluid channel segment of claim 34, wherein the ceramic is silicon carbide (SiC).

36. The fluid channel segment of claim 34 or 35, wherein the ceramic body comprises a first body portion and a second body portion joined at a joint plane, a fluid passage segment, and a stud extending from the joint plane.

37. The fluid channel segment of claim 35, wherein the body and the studs have a maximum stress of approximately 190 MPa at an internal pressure of approximately 100 bar.

38. The fluid channel segment of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the body comprises first and second body portions joined at a joint plane, a fluid passage segment, and a stud extending from the joint plane.

39. A fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 1-38, wherein the main body has a plate-like form, having a top surface, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and an edge connecting the top surface and the bottom surface at their respective peripheries, and the top surface and the bottom surface are substantially planar.

40. A fluid channel segment comprising: a fluid passageway segment extending through a portion of the body, the fluid passageway segment having a longitudinal axis generally within an axial plane, a passageway height perpendicular to the axial plane, a passageway width perpendicular to the passageway height and the longitudinal axis, and a flow direction through the fluid passageway segment; as well as A plurality of studs are arranged in sequence along the fluid path section, wherein: Each stud extends across the fluid passage section, and the stud height corresponds to the passage height of the fluid passage section. no more than two studs are positioned across the passage width of the fluid passage section, each stud having a continuous surface defining a perimeter of said stud, said continuous surface having a common elongated shape symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry oriented parallel to the stud height, and said plane of symmetry corresponding to a stud axis of each stud when viewed in said axial plane, said stud axis passing through a common reference point on each stud, The studs are spaced apart from one another in the flow direction and have a non-zero axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis, The stud axis of each stud makes a non-zero angle α with a tangent to the longitudinal axis, the tangent being located at the intersection of the longitudinal axis and a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and passing through the common reference point, and The continuous surface of each stud includes two convex surfaces spaced apart at opposite ends of the stud and two flat surfaces connecting the two convex surfaces at their respective tangents, the two convex surfaces including an upstream face and a downstream face respectively positioned upstream and downstream along the fluid passage section relative to the flow direction, the upstream face having a first radius, the downstream face having a second radius, the second radius being greater than the first radius.

41. A fluid path, comprising: A fluid channel segment according to any one of claims 1 to 37 and 40, the fluid passage segment of the fluid channel segment defining a portion of a fluid channel extending through the body; an inlet disposed at a first end of the fluid passage, the inlet being configured to separate at least two fluids simultaneously introduced into the fluid passage via the inlet; an outlet disposed at a second end of the fluid passageway spaced apart from the first end, the flow direction being configured to convey at least two fluids from the inlet, through the fluid channel segment, and to the outlet; as well as A mixer unit is disposed upstream of the fluid channel section along the fluid passage relative to the flow direction, the mixer unit being configured to mix at least two fluids.

42. The fluid path of claim 41, wherein the mixer unit comprises a plurality of mixer units, the fluid channel section being disposed downstream of a first group of mixer units and upstream of a second group of mixer units with respect to the flow direction.

43. The fluid path of claim 42, wherein the first set of mixer units comprises mixer units arranged in series relative to each other.

44. The fluid path of claim 41 or 42, wherein the second set of mixer units comprises mixer units arranged in series and in parallel with respect to each other.

45. The fluid path of any one of claims 41-44, wherein a maximum von Mises stress at a joint plane of the body is in a range from about 50 MPa to about 100 MPa at an internal pressure of about 100 bar.

46. ​​The fluid path of any one of claims 41-45, wherein: When water flows through the fluid path at a flow rate of about 40 liters per minute, the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet is less than 7 bar, and When the density is 890kg / m 3 The first fluid having a viscosity of 0.73 mPa.s flows through the fluid path at a flow rate of about 6.8 liters / minute and a density of 1400 kg / m 3 When a second fluid having a viscosity of 3.67 mPa.s flows through the fluid path at a flow rate of approximately 26 liters / minute, the uniformity index of the first fluid at the outlet is greater than 0.999.

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