Power supply and distribution system of vehicle and vehicle

Abstract

A power supply and distribution system for a vehicle and the vehicle, the power supply and distribution circuit comprising: a power supply (21) for providing a first power supply voltage; one end of the first power supply and distribution branch circuit (22) is connected with the power supply (21), the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch circuit (22) is connected with an electric load (1) of the vehicle, and the first power supply and distribution branch circuit (22) is used for supplying power and distributing power to the electric load (1) of the vehicle based on the first power supply voltage; the first electronic switch (23) is connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch circuit (22) and is used for controlling the on-off of the first power supply and distribution branch circuit (22); and the monitoring circuit (24) is connected with the power supply (21) and the first electronic switch (23) and is used for acquiring first state information of the power supply (21) and controlling the first electronic switch (23) to be switched on and off based on the first state information. The power supply and distribution system (2) is high in integration level, and vehicle integration is achieved.

Description

Vehicle power supply and distribution system and vehicle Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to a power supply and distribution system for a vehicle and the vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As the requirements for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems become increasingly higher, the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are not only required to meet the requirements of availability and functional safety, but also required to develop in the direction of integration to improve the vehicle's hardware integration and save space.

[0003] In related technologies, electric vehicles are equipped with low-voltage lead-acid batteries, which power low-voltage components in the low-voltage domain, primarily providing low voltage for loads such as accessories, critical driving systems, and non-critical driving systems. To control the power supply provided by the low-voltage lead-acid battery to these loads, thermal fuses and battery management modules are typically used to safely control the power supply from the low-voltage lead-acid battery. This approach results in a low level of integration in the vehicle's power supply and distribution system, hindering the vehicle's integrated design.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a power supply and distribution system for a vehicle and a vehicle, so as to improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system and realize the integrated design of the vehicle.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a power supply and distribution circuit including: a power supply for providing a first power supply voltage; a first power supply and distribution branch, one end of which is connected to the power supply, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the vehicle's electrical load, and the first power supply and distribution branch is used to supply power and distribute power to the vehicle's electrical load based on the first power supply voltage; a first electronic switch, connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch, for controlling the on and off of the first power supply and distribution branch; a monitoring circuit, connected to the power supply and the first electronic switch, for obtaining first status information of the power supply, and controlling the on and off of the first electronic switch based on the first status information.

[0007] Because the first electronic switch has longer life, easier control, and easier integration than thermal fuses, the present application can improve the integration and reliability of the power supply and distribution system. Furthermore, the present application integrates a monitoring circuit into the power supply and distribution system, enabling the integration of components such as the power supply and the first electronic switch with their management components, namely the monitoring circuit, further improving the integration of the vehicle's entire electrical and electronic system. Therefore, the present application can improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system, thereby achieving an integrated design for the vehicle.

[0008] In some embodiments, the power supply and distribution system also includes: a second power supply and distribution branch, one end of which is used to access the second power supply voltage, and the other end of which is used to connect to the power load, the second power supply and distribution branch is used to supply power to the power load based on the second power supply voltage; a second electronic switch, connected in series in the second power supply and distribution branch, is used to control the on and off of the second power supply and distribution branch; the monitoring circuit is also connected to the second electronic switch, and is also used to control the on and off of the second electronic switch based on the second status information of the second supply voltage.

[0009] The power supply and distribution system utilizes a first power supply and distribution branch and a second power supply and distribution branch to distribute power to the vehicle's power loads respectively, thereby realizing a redundant architecture of the vehicle's power distribution network and improving the reliability of the vehicle's power supply and distribution; a first electronic switch is arranged in the first power supply and distribution branch, for controlling the on and off of the first power supply and distribution branch, and can cut off the first power supply and distribution branch when the lithium battery supplies power to the first power supply and distribution branch abnormally, thereby improving the power supply impact of the lithium battery power supply abnormality on the second power supply and distribution branch and the power load, thereby enabling the vehicle to travel normally; a second electronic switch is arranged in the second power supply and distribution branch, for controlling the on and off of the second power supply and distribution branch, and can cut off the second power supply and distribution branch when the second power supply voltage supplies power to the second power supply and distribution branch abnormally, thereby improving the power supply impact of the second power supply and distribution branch abnormality on the first power supply and distribution branch and the power load, thereby enabling the vehicle to travel normally.

[0010] In some embodiments, the power supply and distribution system also includes: a load branch, one end of which is connected to the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch and the other end of the second power supply and distribution branch respectively, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the power load; a third electronic switch, connected in series on the load branch, for controlling the on and off of the load branch; the monitoring circuit is also connected to the third electronic switch, for controlling the on and off of the third electronic switch based on the third state information of the power load.

[0011] A third electronic switch is provided on the load branch to control the connection between the distribution terminal of the distribution branch and the load. The distribution terminal can supply power to multiple loads. When a load experiences an abnormality, the third electronic switch, located between the distribution terminal and the abnormal load, can be controlled to shut off. This reduces the impact of the abnormal load on the distribution branch, thereby reducing the impact of the distribution branch on other loads. Therefore, this embodiment uses the third electronic switch to achieve fault decoupling between multiple loads, ensuring that when some loads experience an abnormality, other loads can continue to receive power and operate normally.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first electronic switch, the second electronic switch, and the third electronic switch are all electronic fuses.

[0013] Because electronic fuses not only offer fast response and reverse current protection, but also, compared to relays and traditional thermal fuses, offer low noise, long life, a low selection threshold, and the ability to accommodate smaller wire diameters, this embodiment employs electronic fuses to implement electronic switches, thereby improving the power supply and distribution system's response speed to power supply and distribution anomalies and enhancing vehicle safety. Furthermore, the electronic fuse's safety protection threshold can be configured via software to achieve a safety protection threshold for the load branch, enabling compatibility and scalability with diverse hardware loads.

[0014] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit includes: a sampling circuit connected to the power supply, used to obtain parameter information of the lithium battery power supply; a processing circuit connected to the sampling circuit and the first electronic switch, used to estimate the first state information of the power supply based on the parameter information, and control the on and off of the first electronic switch based on the first state information.

[0015] By implementing a monitoring circuit through a sampling circuit that obtains parameter information of the lithium battery and a processing circuit that estimates the first state information of the lithium battery based on these parameter information and controls the on and off of the first electronic switch, the intelligence and safety of the power supply and distribution system can be improved.

[0016] In some embodiments, the power supply and distribution system further includes: a power supply circuit connected to one end of the second power supply and distribution branch, for providing a second power supply voltage.

[0017] The power supply circuit and the circuit providing the power supply voltage are combined as the main power supply, and the power supply serves as a redundant power supply to realize a dual-redundant architecture of power supply.

[0018] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit includes: a voltage conversion circuit.

[0019] The power supply circuit is used to obtain a power supply voltage and perform voltage conversion on the power supply voltage to obtain a second power supply voltage.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit determines that the second power supply voltage is abnormal based on the second status information, the monitoring circuit controls the second electronic switch to turn off.

[0021] A fault in the power supply circuit input will cause abnormal power supply of the second power supply voltage. The monitoring circuit controls the second electronic switch to shut down to shut down the second power supply distribution branch, which can improve the impact of the abnormal power supply of the second power supply voltage on the first power supply distribution branch and the power load. At this time, the power supply can be relied upon to supply power to the power load.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit determines that the power supply is abnormal based on the first status information, the monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch to turn off.

[0023] When a power supply fails, the monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch to shut down to shut down the first power supply distribution branch, which can improve the impact of the power supply abnormality on the second power supply distribution branch and the power load. At this time, the power supply circuit and the second power supply distribution branch can be used to supply power to the power load.

[0024] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit determines that the electrical load is abnormal based on the third status information, the monitoring circuit controls the third electronic switch to turn off.

[0025] When the monitoring circuit detects a fault such as overcurrent or short circuit in a load or its load branch, it controls the third electronic switch to turn off, shutting off the corresponding load branch. This prevents the faulty load from affecting other loads, allowing them to continue operating. Once the fault has resolved, the monitoring circuit controls the third electronic switch to turn on again, restoring power to the load.

[0026] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch and the third electronic switch to be turned on in response to a sleep command of the vehicle.

[0027] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit determines that the remaining power of the power supply is too low based on the first status information, controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be turned on, and controls the power supply circuit to charge the power supply.

[0028] During the vehicle's hibernation process, the monitoring circuit can control the first electronic switch and the third electronic switch to be turned on, so that the lithium battery can provide KL30 normal power to the power load after the vehicle is in hibernation.

[0029] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch to be turned on in response to a software upgrade instruction of the vehicle.

[0030] After the vehicle goes into hibernation, if the system needs to perform software OTA and cannot provide high voltage, the power supply circuit cannot work normally and the power supply can supply power to the load.

[0031] In some embodiments, the power source includes a lithium battery.

[0032] Since lithium batteries have the characteristics of small size, light weight and long life, the present application can improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system, reduce its weight, and improve reliability.

[0033] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application proposes a vehicle, comprising: an electrical load; and any one of the above power supply and distribution systems, connected to the electrical load, for supplying and distributing power to the electrical load.

[0034] Different from the existing technology: the power supply and distribution system proposed in this application utilizes a power supply to provide a first power supply voltage, and utilizes a first power supply and distribution branch connected to the power supply to supply power to the vehicle's electrical loads based on the first power supply voltage to meet the vehicle's power supply needs; and the power supply and distribution system of this application is integrated with a monitoring circuit, which can utilize the monitoring circuit to obtain the first state information of the power supply, and control the on and off of the first electronic switch connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch based on the first state information, so as to achieve safe power supply to the electrical loads by the power supply. Because the first electronic switch has the characteristics of long life, easy control, and easy integration compared to the thermal fuse, this application can improve the integration and reliability of the power supply and distribution system; further, this application integrates a monitoring circuit in the power supply and distribution system, which can realize the integrated setting of devices such as the power supply and the first electronic switch and their management devices, that is, the monitoring circuit, and can further improve the integration of the entire electronic and electrical system of the vehicle. Therefore, this application can improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system to achieve an integrated design of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative work.

[0036] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle of the present application;

[0037] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a power supply and distribution system for a vehicle of the present application;

[0038] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the power supply and distribution circuit of the present application;

[0039] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the power supply and distribution circuit of the present application;

[0040] FIG5 is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the power supply and distribution circuit of the present application.

[0041] Marking description: Power load 1, power supply and distribution system 2, controller 3;

[0042] Power supply 21, first power supply distribution branch 22, first electronic switch 23, monitoring circuit 24; second power supply distribution branch 31, second electronic switch 32, load branch 33, third electronic switch 34, power supply circuit 41, fourth electronic switch 51, sampling circuit 241, processing circuit 242. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0046] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0049] As the requirements for the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems become increasingly higher, the vehicle's electronic and electrical systems are not only required to meet the requirements of availability and functional safety, but also required to develop in the direction of integration and lightweight to improve the vehicle's hardware integration, save space, and reduce the vehicle's weight.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle includes: an electrical load 1, a power supply and distribution system 2 and a controller 3. The power supply and distribution system 2 is connected to the electrical load 1 and the controller 3 respectively. The power supply and distribution system 2 supplies power and distributes power to the electrical load 1 under the control of the controller 3.

[0051] Specifically, controller 3 is a circuit or integrated chip with logic processing capabilities that generates control signals based on power demand and usage status to control the power supply and distribution system 2 and other functions. Controller 3 is the vehicle's complete controller. Power supply and distribution system 2 is the power grid that provides and distributes electrical energy to loads, enabling both power supply and distribution. Power supply and distribution system 2 is also used to monitor and control power supply status and usage information.

[0052] The electrical load 1 may include a vehicle control domain controller, an electronic stability system, an electronic power steering system, an air-conditioning compressor, a PTC heater, an instrument, etc.

[0053] In the field of vehicle technology, the power supply and distribution system 2 can be applied to electric vehicles / electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, new energy vehicles, electric buses, electric motorcycles, etc.

[0054] During their long-term research, the inventors of this application discovered that in related technologies, electric vehicles are equipped with low-voltage lead-acid batteries. These batteries power low-voltage devices in the low-voltage domain, primarily providing low voltage for electrical loads such as accessories, critical driving systems, and non-critical driving systems. To control the low-voltage lead-acid batteries' ability to power loads, thermal fuses and battery management modules are typically used to safely control the power supply from the low-voltage lead-acid batteries. This approach results in a low level of integration and high weight for the vehicle's power supply and distribution system, hindering the vehicle's integrated and lightweight design.

[0055] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a power supply and distribution system for a vehicle. As shown in Figure 2, the power supply and distribution system 2 of the vehicle in this embodiment includes: a power supply 21, a first power supply and distribution branch 22, a first electronic switch 23 and a monitoring circuit 24; wherein, the power supply 21 is used to provide a first power supply voltage; one end of the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is connected to the power supply 21, and the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is used to be connected to the vehicle's power load 1, and the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is used to supply power and distribute power to the vehicle's power load 1 based on the first power supply voltage; the first electronic switch 23 is connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch 22, and is used to control the on and off of the first power supply and distribution branch 22; the monitoring circuit 24 is connected to the power supply 21 and the first electronic switch 23, and is used to obtain first status information of the power supply 21, and control the on and off of the first electronic switch 23 based on the first status information.

[0056] Specifically, the first electronic switch 23 refers to an operating unit that uses electronic circuits and power electronic devices to realize circuit switching; the first power supply and distribution branch 22 refers to a circuit that can transmit electrical signals and distribute voltage or power to the electrical signals.

[0057] Specifically, the monitoring circuit 24 refers to a circuit or integrated chip that has the functions of electrical signal acquisition, electrical signal processing and logic processing, and can generate corresponding control signals based on the processing results to control the operation of other devices, such as the first electronic switch 23.

[0058] The first status information of the power supply 21 includes the working status of the power supply 21, such as normal status, abnormal status, etc., and also includes multiple parameter information, such as working voltage, working current, working temperature, balance information and fault information.

[0059] The monitoring circuit 24 obtains the first state information of the power supply 21, processes the first state information according to the processing rules, obtains a corresponding processing result, generates a corresponding control signal based on the processing result, and uses the control signal to control the on and off of the first electronic switch 23.

[0060] The power supply and distribution system 2 proposed in this application utilizes a power source 21 to provide a first power supply voltage, and utilizes a first power supply and distribution branch 22 connected to the power source 21 to supply power and distribute power to the vehicle's electrical load 1 based on the first power supply voltage to meet the vehicle's power supply needs. Furthermore, the power supply and distribution system 2 is integrated with a monitoring circuit 24, which can utilize the monitoring circuit 24 to obtain first status information of the power source 21 and, based on the first status information, control the on and off of a first electronic switch 23 connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch 22 to achieve safe power supply from the power source 21 to the electrical load 1. Because the first electronic switch 23 has characteristics such as long life, ease of control, and ease of integration compared to thermal fuses, it can further improve the integration and reliability of the power supply and distribution system 2. Furthermore, the integrated provision of the monitoring circuit 24 in the power supply and distribution system 2 enables the integration of components such as the power source 21 and the first electronic switch 23 with their management components, namely, the monitoring circuit 24, further improving the integration of the vehicle's entire electrical and electronic system. Therefore, the present application can improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system 2 to achieve vehicle integration.

[0061] In some embodiments, in order to improve the vehicle's fault resistance, a redundant power supply and distribution system 2 is used in the vehicle to distribute power to the power load 1. As shown in Figure 3, the power supply and distribution system 2 of the vehicle also includes: a second power supply and distribution branch 31 and a second electronic switch 32, wherein one end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is used to access the second power supply voltage, and the other end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is used to connect to the power load 1, and the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is used to supply power to the power load 1 based on the second power supply voltage; the second electronic switch 32 is connected in series in the second power supply and distribution branch 31, and is used to control the on and off of the second power supply and distribution branch 31; the monitoring circuit 24 is also connected to the second electronic switch 32, and is also used to control the on and off of the second electronic switch 32 based on the second state information of the second power supply voltage.

[0062] Specifically, the second electronic switch 32 refers to an operating unit that uses electronic circuits and power electronic devices to realize circuit switching; the second power supply and distribution branch 31 refers to a circuit that can transmit electrical signals and distribute voltage or power to the electrical signals.

[0063] The second state information of the second power supply voltage at least includes the power supply state of the second power supply voltage, that is, the power supply and distribution state of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 , such as normal state, abnormal state, etc.

[0064] The monitoring circuit 24 obtains second state information of the second power supply voltage, generates a corresponding control signal based on the second state information, and uses the control signal to control the second electronic switch 32 to be turned on or off.

[0065] The power supply and distribution system 2 of this embodiment utilizes a first power supply and distribution branch 22 and a second power supply and distribution branch 31 to distribute power to the vehicle's electrical load 1 respectively, thereby realizing a redundant architecture of the vehicle's power distribution network and improving the reliability of the vehicle's power supply and distribution. A first electronic switch 23 is provided on the first power supply and distribution branch 22 for realizing on-off control of the first power supply and distribution branch 22. It is capable of cutting off the first power supply and distribution branch 22 when the power supply from the power source 21 to the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is abnormal, thereby reducing the impact of the power supply abnormality of the power source 21 on the power supply to the second power supply and distribution branch 31 and the electrical load 1, thereby enabling the vehicle to travel normally. A second electronic switch 32 is provided on the second power supply and distribution branch 31 for realizing on-off control of the second power supply and distribution branch 31. It is capable of cutting off the second power supply and distribution branch 31 when the second power supply voltage to the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is abnormal, thereby reducing the impact of the power supply abnormality of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 on the power supply to the first power supply and distribution branch 22 and the electrical load 1, thereby enabling the vehicle to travel normally.

[0066] Optionally, the power supply abnormality includes short circuit, undervoltage and other faults.

[0067] In some embodiments, the power supply and distribution system 2 also includes: a load branch 33 and a third electronic switch 34, wherein one end of the load branch 33 is respectively connected to the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch 22 and the other end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31, and the other end of the load branch 33 is used to connect to the power load 1; the third electronic switch 34 is connected in series to the load branch 33, and is used to control the on and off of the load branch 33; the monitoring circuit 24 is also connected to the third electronic switch 34, and is used to control the on and off of the third electronic switch 34 based on the third state information of the power load 1.

[0068] Specifically, the load branch 33 refers to the connection line from the distribution end of the power supply distribution branch to the power load 1, and different power loads 1 can be supplied with power and distributed through different load branches 33; the third electronic switch 34 refers to an operating unit that uses electronic circuits and power electronic devices to realize circuit switching.

[0069] The third state information of the electrical load 1 at least includes the working state of the electrical load 1 , such as normal state, abnormal state, etc.

[0070] The monitoring circuit 24 obtains the third state information of the electrical load 1 , generates a corresponding control signal based on the third state information, and uses the control signal to control the on and off of the third electronic switch 34 .

[0071] The third electronic switch 34 is provided on the load branch 33 and is used to control the on / off connection between the distribution terminal of the distribution branch and the electrical load 1. The distribution terminal can supply power to multiple electrical loads 1. When a particular electrical load 1 malfunctions, the third electronic switch 34, provided between the distribution terminal and the malfunctioning load 1, can be controlled to shut off. This reduces the impact of the malfunctioning load 1 on the distribution branch, thereby reducing the impact of the distribution branch on other electrical loads 1. Therefore, this embodiment uses the third electronic switch 34 to achieve fault decoupling between multiple electrical loads 1, so that when some electrical loads 1 malfunction, other electrical loads 1 can still receive power and operate normally.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first electronic switch 23 , the second electronic switch 32 , and the third electronic switch 34 are all electronic fuses.

[0073] When the current from the power distribution end to the load passes through the sense resistor in the electronic fuse, it is monitored by the voltage across the sense resistor; when the measured voltage exceeds the set value, the control logic disconnects it to block the current from flowing to the load.

[0074] Because electronic fuses not only offer fast response and reverse current protection, but also, compared to relays and traditional thermal fuses, offer low noise, long life, a low selection threshold, and the ability to accommodate smaller wire diameters, this embodiment employs electronic fuses to implement electronic switches, thereby increasing the speed of response of the power supply and distribution system 2 to power supply and distribution anomalies and improving vehicle safety. Furthermore, the safety protection threshold of the electronic fuse can be configured via software to achieve the safety protection threshold of the load branch 33, enabling compatibility and scalability with different hardware loads.

[0075] In other embodiments, the above-mentioned electronic switch can also be implemented using a switching tube. Compared with relays or mechanical switches, the switching tube has the advantages of good stability, small size, fast response speed, and self-recovery of state, which can improve the reliability, integration and intelligence of the power supply and distribution system 2.

[0076] Optionally, the switch tube can be a power switch tube such as a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), also known as a MOS tube, or an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT). A power switch tube is a triode that can withstand high currents, has low leakage current, and exhibits good saturation conduction and cutoff characteristics under certain conditions. Its amplification performance is not a consideration. Its control is related to the magnitude or direction of the base current, which flows through the collector and emitter.

[0077] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit 24 includes: a sampling circuit 241 and a processing circuit 242, wherein the sampling circuit 241 is connected to the power supply 21 for obtaining parameter information of the power supply 21; the processing circuit 242 is connected to the sampling circuit 241 and the first electronic switch 23 for estimating first state information of the power supply 21 based on the parameter information, and controlling the on and off of the first electronic switch 23 based on the first state information.

[0078] Optionally, the sampling circuit 241 can be a battery sampling chip, which is used to realize functions such as the operating voltage, operating current, operating temperature, balancing and fault detection of the power supply 21, and can obtain parameter information such as the operating voltage, operating current, operating temperature, balancing and fault of the power supply 21.

[0079] Optionally, the processing circuit 242 may be a microcontroller unit (MCU), also known as a single-chip microcomputer or single-chip microcomputer. The processing circuit 242 may estimate the first state information of the power supply 21 based on the parameter information of the power supply 21 acquired by the sampling circuit 241, and control the on / off switching of the first electronic switch 23 based on the estimation result.

[0080] This embodiment implements the monitoring circuit 24 through a sampling circuit 241 that obtains parameter information of the power supply 21 and a processing circuit 242 that estimates the first state information of the power supply 21 based on these parameter information and controls the on and off of the first electronic switch 23, thereby improving the intelligence and safety of the power supply and distribution system 2.

[0081] In some embodiments, as shown, the power supply and distribution system 2 further includes a power supply circuit 41 , which is connected to one end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 for providing a second power supply voltage.

[0082] Among them, the power supply circuit 41 is used to obtain the power supply voltage and realize the second power supply voltage required by the power load 1 based on the power supply voltage. The power supply circuit 41 and the circuit that provides the power supply voltage are combined as the main power supply, and the power supply 21 is used as a redundant power supply to realize a dual redundant architecture of power supply.

[0083] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit 41 may include a voltage conversion circuit, such as a DCDC conversion circuit, for obtaining a power supply voltage and performing voltage conversion on the power supply voltage to obtain a second power supply voltage.

[0084] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 4 , the power supply and distribution system 2 further includes a fourth electronic switch 51 connected in series between the distribution end of the first power distribution branch 22 and the distribution end of the second power distribution branch 31, for implementing on / off control between these two distribution ends. The fourth electronic switch 51 is also connected to the monitoring circuit 24, which controls the on / off of the fourth electronic switch 51 based on the power supply and distribution status of the first power distribution branch 22 and the second power distribution branch 31.

[0085] Specifically, the fourth electronic switch 51 refers to an operating unit that uses electronic circuits and power electronic devices to realize circuit switching.

[0086] This embodiment uses the fourth electronic switch 51 to realize the on-off control between the distribution end of the first power supply distribution branch 22 and the distribution end of the second power supply distribution branch 31. Therefore, the fourth electronic switch 51 can not only realize the redundant power supply of the first power supply distribution branch 22 and the second power supply distribution branch 31 to the power load 1, but also ensure that the abnormal shutdown of the first power supply distribution branch 22 or the abnormal shutdown of the second power supply distribution branch 31 will not affect the power distribution of the other power supply distribution branch, and can ensure that the power supply distribution branch without abnormalities supplies power to the power load 1 normally. Moreover, the fourth electronic switch 51 is shut down when one distribution end is abnormal, which can realize fault decoupling between the first power supply distribution branch 22 and the second power supply distribution branch 31, and can realize normal driving of the vehicle when the power supply is abnormal, thereby improving its fault resistance.

[0087] In some embodiments, the fourth electronic switch 51 is an electronic fuse.

[0088] When the quality control current of the two distribution ends passes through the detection resistor in the electronic fuse, it is monitored by the voltage across the detection resistor; when the measured voltage exceeds the set value, the control logic disconnects it to block the current flow.

[0089] Because electronic fuses not only have the characteristics of fast response speed and reverse current protection, but also have the characteristics of low noise, long life, small selection threshold, and small matching wire diameter compared with relays and traditional thermal fuses, this embodiment uses electronic fuses to implement electronic switches, which can improve the response speed of the power supply and distribution system 2 to power supply and distribution abnormalities and improve vehicle safety.

[0090] In other embodiments, the above-mentioned electronic switch can also be implemented using a switching tube. Compared with relays or mechanical switches, the switching tube has the advantages of good stability, small size, fast response speed, and self-recovery of state, which can improve the reliability, integration and intelligence of the power supply and distribution system 2.

[0091] Optionally, the switch tube may be a power switch tube such as a MOS tube or an IGBT.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit 24 determines that the second power supply voltage is abnormal based on the second status information, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the second electronic switch 32 to turn off.

[0093] If a fault occurs in the input of the DCDC conversion circuit, it will cause the second power supply voltage to be abnormal. The monitoring circuit 24 controls the second electronic switch 32 to turn off to shut down the second power supply distribution branch 31, which can improve the impact of the second power supply voltage abnormality on the first power supply distribution branch 22 and the power load 1. At this time, the power supply 21 can be relied upon to power the power load 1.

[0094] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit 24 determines that the power supply of the power source 21 is abnormal based on the first status information, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the first electronic switch 23 to turn off.

[0095] If the power supply 21 fails, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the first electronic switch 23 to turn off to shut down the first power supply distribution branch 22, which can improve the impact of the power supply abnormality of the power supply 21 on the second power supply distribution branch 31 and the power load 1. At this time, the DCDC conversion circuit and the second power supply distribution branch 31 can be relied upon to supply power to the power load 1.

[0096] In some embodiments, when the monitoring circuit 24 determines that the electrical load 1 is abnormal based on the third status information, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the third electronic switch 34 to turn off.

[0097] When the monitoring circuit 24 detects a fault such as overcurrent or short circuit in a load 1 or its load branch 33, it controls the third electronic switch 34 to turn off, thereby shutting off the corresponding load branch 33. This prevents the faulty load 1 from affecting other loads 1, allowing the other loads 1 to continue operating. After the fault in the faulty load 1 disappears, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the third electronic switch 34 to turn on again, restoring power to the load 1.

[0098] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the first electronic switch 23 and the third electronic switch 34 to be turned on in response to a sleep command of the vehicle.

[0099] During the vehicle hibernation process, the monitoring circuit 24 can control the first electronic switch 23 and the third electronic switch 34 to be turned on, so that the power supply 21 can provide KL30 constant power to the electrical load 1 after the vehicle hibernates.

[0100] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit 24 determines that the remaining power of the power source 21 is too low based on the first status information, controls the first electronic switch 23 and the second electronic switch 32 to be turned on, and controls the power supply circuit 41 to charge the power source 21 .

[0101] After the vehicle goes into sleep mode, the monitoring circuit 24 can periodically wake up and detect the first status information of the power supply 21 , and reversely wake up the controller 3 when the remaining power of the power supply 21 is too low, so that the controller 3 controls the DCDC conversion circuit to replenish power for the power supply 21 .

[0102] In some embodiments, the monitoring circuit 24 controls the first electronic switch 23 to be turned on in response to a vehicle software upgrade instruction.

[0103] After the vehicle goes into sleep mode, if the system needs to perform software OTA and cannot provide high voltage, the DCDC cannot work normally and the power supply 21 can supply power to the load.

[0104] In some embodiments, the power source includes a lithium battery.

[0105] Since lithium batteries have the characteristics of small size, light weight and long life, the present application can improve the integration of the power supply and distribution system, reduce its weight, and improve reliability.

[0106] Specifically, lithium battery 21 refers to a physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide electrical energy. The battery cells may be lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, etc., and this application does not limit this. Furthermore, the battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes, and this is not limited here. Lithium battery 21 has advantages such as high energy density, long service life, high power handling capacity, light weight, and environmental friendliness.

[0107] The parameter information of the lithium battery 21 at least includes parameter information such as cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, cell balancing and fault.

[0108] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, the power supply and distribution system 2 includes: a lithium battery 21, a first power supply and distribution branch 22, a first electronic switch 23, a monitoring circuit 24, a second power supply and distribution branch 31, a second electronic switch 32, a load branch 33 and a third electronic switch 34; wherein the lithium battery 21 is used to provide a first power supply voltage; one end of the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is connected to the lithium battery 21, and the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is used to be connected to one end of the load branch 33, and one end of the load branch 33 is also connected to the other end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31, and the other end of the load branch 33 is used to be connected to the power load 1; the third electronic switch 34 is connected in series to the load branch 33 for controlling the on and off of the load branch 33; the first power supply and distribution branch 22 is used to supply power and distribute power to the power load 1 of the vehicle based on the first power supply voltage; the first electronic switch 23 is connected in series In the first power supply and distribution branch 22, it is used to control the on and off of the first power supply and distribution branch 22; one end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is used to access the second power supply voltage, and the second power supply and distribution branch 31 is used to supply power and distribute power to the electrical load 1 based on the second power supply voltage; the second electronic switch 32 is connected in series in the second power supply and distribution branch 31, and is used to control the on and off of the second power supply and distribution branch 31; the monitoring circuit 24 is connected to the lithium battery 21 and the first electronic switch 23, and is used to obtain the first status information of the lithium battery 21, and control the on and off of the first electronic switch 23 based on the first status information; the monitoring circuit 24 is also connected to the second electronic switch 32, and is also used to control the on and off of the second electronic switch 32 based on the second status information of the second supply voltage; the monitoring circuit 24 is also connected to the third electronic switch 34, and is used to control the on and off of the third electronic switch 34 based on the third status information of the electrical load 1.

[0109] Optionally, the monitoring circuit 24 includes: a sampling circuit 241 and a processing circuit 242, wherein the sampling circuit 241 is connected to the lithium battery 21 for obtaining parameter information of the lithium battery 21; the processing circuit 242 is connected to the sampling circuit 241 and the first electronic switch 23 for estimating the first state information of the lithium battery 21 based on the parameter information, and controlling the on and off of the first electronic switch 23 based on the first state information.

[0110] Optionally, the power supply and distribution system 2 further includes a power supply circuit 41 , which is connected to one end of the second power supply and distribution branch 31 and is configured to provide a second power supply voltage.

[0111] For the power supply and distribution system 2 of this embodiment, reference may also be made to the above embodiments.

[0112] Optionally, the lithium battery 21, the first power supply distribution branch 22, the first electronic switch 23, the monitoring circuit 24, the second power supply distribution branch 31, the second electronic switch 32, the load branch 33 and the third electronic switch 34 may be integrated on the same circuit board.

[0113] The lithium battery 21 may be a 12V lithium battery.

[0114] Furthermore, after the power distribution system 2 is powered on, the processing circuit 242, which can be an MCU, obtains information such as the voltage, current, temperature, and fault status of each branch, and simultaneously obtains the voltage, current, temperature, and diagnostic information of the lithium battery 21 collected by the sampling circuit 241, thereby estimating the remaining power and battery health of the lithium battery 21 in real time. For specific methods, please refer to the above embodiments.

[0115] In addition, the present application also proposes a vehicle, as shown in Figure 1, the vehicle includes: an electrical load 1, a power supply and distribution system 2 and a controller 3, the power supply and distribution system 2 is connected to the electrical load 1 and the controller 3 respectively, and the power supply and distribution system 2 supplies power and distributes power to the electrical load 1 under the control of the controller 3.

[0116] The power supply and distribution system 2 can refer to the above embodiments.

[0117] Furthermore, the hardware solution of the power supply and distribution system 2 of this application is based on a platform design, and compatibility and scalability of different low-voltage load configurations can be achieved simply through software parameter configuration. The software adaptation example is as follows:

[0118] The high-end version of a certain vehicle model is equipped with power load 1, including the front fuel pump motor, rear fuel pump motor, air suspension controller, and cooling fan. The low-end version of this vehicle model lacks the front fuel pump motor and air suspension controller. This allows compatibility across different vehicle models by simply disconnecting the third electronic switch 34 on channel 33 of load branch circuit 33, where the front fuel pump motor and air suspension controller reside, through software. If the customer subsequently wishes to install the optional air suspension controller, they can simply enable the third electronic switch 34 on channel 33 of load branch circuit 33, where the air suspension controller resides, through software configuration, to meet the power requirements for the optional component. This requires no modifications to the vehicle wiring harness or hardware configuration.

[0119] Taking the cooling fan channel as an example, the vehicle comes standard with a 600W cooling fan, and the maximum operating current of load branch 33 is limited to 50A. If the vehicle is driven in tropical areas, the customer may find the cooling system too slow and want to install a higher-power 800W fan. Simply modifying the maximum operating current of load branch 33 to 67A via software can accommodate this later customer option.

[0120] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A power supply and distribution system for a vehicle, characterized in that: include: A power supply, configured to provide a first supply voltage; a first power supply and distribution branch, one end of which is connected to the power source, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the power load of the vehicle, and the first power supply and distribution branch is used to supply and distribute power to the power load of the vehicle based on the first power supply voltage; A first electronic switch, connected in series in the first power supply and distribution branch, for controlling the on and off of the first power supply and distribution branch; A monitoring circuit is connected to the power supply and the first electronic switch, and is used to obtain first status information of the power supply and control the on and off of the first electronic switch based on the first status information.

2. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A second power supply and distribution branch, one end of which is used to access the second power supply voltage, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the power load, and the second power supply and distribution branch is used to supply power and distribute power to the power load based on the second power supply voltage; A second electronic switch, connected in series in the second power supply and distribution branch, for controlling the on and off of the second power supply and distribution branch; The monitoring circuit is also connected to the second electronic switch, and is further used to control the on and off of the second electronic switch based on second state information of the second supply voltage.

3. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A load branch, one end of which is connected to the other end of the first power supply and distribution branch and the other end of the second power supply and distribution branch respectively, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the power load; A third electronic switch, connected in series to the load branch, for controlling the on and off of the load branch; The monitoring circuit is also connected to the third electronic switch and is used to control the on and off of the third electronic switch based on the third state information of the electrical load.

4. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first electronic switch, the second electronic switch and the third electronic switch are all electronic fuses.

5. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The monitoring circuit comprises: A sampling circuit, connected to the power supply, for obtaining parameter information of the power supply; a processing circuit connected to the sampling circuit and the first electronic switch, configured to estimate the first state information of the power supply based on the parameter information, and control the first state information based on the first state information; The first electronic switch is turned on and off.

6. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A power supply circuit is connected to one end of the second power supply distribution branch and is used to provide the second power supply voltage.

7. The power supply and distribution system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power supply circuit includes: a voltage conversion circuit.

8. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: When the monitoring circuit determines that the second power supply voltage is abnormal based on the second state information, the monitoring circuit controls the second electronic switch to turn off.

9. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: When the monitoring circuit determines that the power supply is abnormal based on the first status information, the monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch to turn off.

10. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that: When the monitoring circuit determines that the power load is abnormal based on the third state information, the monitoring circuit controls the third electronic switch to turn off.

11. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that: The monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch and the third electronic switch to be turned on in response to a sleep command of the vehicle.

12. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that: The monitoring circuit determines that the remaining power of the power supply is too low based on the first status information, controls the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch to be turned on, and controls the power supply circuit to charge the power supply.

13. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The monitoring circuit controls the first electronic switch to be turned on in response to a software upgrade instruction of the vehicle.

14. The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The power source includes a lithium battery.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: Electrical load; The power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is connected to the power load and is used to supply and distribute power to the power load.

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