Breeding method of bufo bufo gargarizans

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of bufo bufo gargarizans, which comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out artificial induced spawning on preferable breeding toads of the bufo bufo gargarizans, and collecting spawn belts as seedlings after spawning; 2) putting the fries into a culture pond for natural incubation, and feeding the obtained tadpoles with powdery feed until the forms of the tadpoles are changed to obtain young toads; 3) putting the young toad ashore, and feeding live insect bait in a mouth-opening period to make the young toad open, so as to obtain the open young toad; (4) live insect bait and pellet feed are mixed and fed to the open young toads in the domestication period, and domestication young toads are obtained; and (5) feeding the domesticated young toads with pellet feed in a breeding period until the domesticated young toads become mature toads and are slaughtered, so as to provide the required bufonid. According to the breeding method of the bufo bufo gargarizans, the egg laying rate of the breeding bufo gargarizans is high, the weight of the breeding bufo gargarizans in the tadpole stage is large, the weight of metamorphosed young bufo gargarizans is large, the survival rate is high, rectocele does not occur easily in the domestication stage, the content of artificially bred venenum bufonis is high, and the high-yield and high-quality medicinal

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to the technical field of Chinese giant toad breeding, and relates to a breeding method of Chinese giant toad. Background Art

[0002] The Chinese giant toad Bufo bufo gargarizans is an amphibian of the genus Toad of the family Toad that is widely distributed in my country. It is a nominate subspecies of Toad sinensis and the main basal animal of toad venom and toad skin Chinese medicinal materials. According to the "Notice of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Standardizing the Classification and Management Scope of Prohibited Wild Animals" (Lin Hufa

[2020] No. 90), the breeding of Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans for the purpose of eating is prohibited, but breeding for non-edible purposes such as medicine, display, and scientific research is allowed.

[0003] In recent years, with the increase in domestic demand for toad venom and toad skin medicinal materials, artificial breeding of Chinese giant toads has gradually emerged and developed in various places in China. However, the current artificial breeding technology of Chinese giant toads is still immature. Farmers generally have problems such as low egg-laying rate of breeding toads, small weight in the tadpole stage, small weight and low survival rate of metamorphosed young toads, prolapse of anus and other diseases during the domestication period, inadequate epidemic prevention measures, easy occurrence of diseases, low survival rate of toads, and low market output. In addition, because it is for medicinal purposes, the toad venom produced by artificial breeding of Chinese giant toads must also meet the content requirements of the toad venom item in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", with the total index component content not less than 7.0%, and the higher the toad venom content, the higher the selling price of the farmed toads. However, farmers currently generally have the problem that the content of artificially bred toad venom is lower than the pharmacopoeia standard and the quality is unqualified. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding Chinese giant toads, which is used to solve the problems existing in the prior art such as low egg-laying rate of breeding toads, small weight in the tadpole stage, small weight of metamorphosed young toads, low survival rate, easy prolapse of the anus during the acclimation period, and low content of toad venom in artificial breeding, so as to obtain high-yield and high-quality medicinal Chinese giant toads.

[0005] To achieve the above object and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) artificially inducing spawning of selected species of Bufo bufo gargarizans, and collecting the egg bands as seedlings after spawning;

[0007] 2) placing the seedlings into a breeding pond for natural hatching, feeding the obtained tadpoles with powdered feed until the tadpoles change their morphology, and obtaining young toads;

[0008] 3) bringing the young toads ashore and feeding them live insect bait during the opening period to make them open their mouths, thereby obtaining the opening young toads;

[0009] 4) feeding the young toads with a mixture of live insect bait and pellet feed during the feeding period to obtain the young toads that are fed well;

[0010] 5) Feed the trained young toads with pelleted feed during the breeding period until they become mature toads and are marketed to provide the required Chinese giant toads.

[0011] As described above, the method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads, which ensures the quality of the eggs produced and the quality of the toad venom of the bred toads by selecting the breeding toads, prevents the introduction of parental diseases, and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the offspring Chinese giant toads.

[0013] (2) The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, which greatly improves the egg-laying rate by artificially inducing spawning, raising the egg-laying rate from 25% of the natural egg-laying rate of introduced toads to 100% of the artificially inducing spawning rate. The egg-laying time is more concentrated, which is beneficial to breeding management.

[0014] (3) The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, which can accurately control the breeding density from the initial stage of breeding by placing egg bands, which is beneficial to the feeding and growth of tadpoles and improves the success rate of breeding. In addition, shallow water is placed at the water inlet, which is more conducive to hatching and observation.

[0015] (4) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads. Through precise feeding measures in the tadpole stage, tadpoles with larger weight can be cultivated. The maximum average weight of tadpoles at the 40th stage can reach 0.9-1.0 g / tadpole, which is convenient for obtaining heavier young toads after metamorphosis and is beneficial to improving the opening and survival rate of young toads.

[0016] (5) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads. Through the breeding process of the young toads' mouth-opening stage, the young toads can quickly open their mouths to eat after coming ashore, and can also quickly form the habit of eating at a fixed point and at a fixed time, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the feeding stage.

[0017] (6) The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, which can improve the digestion and absorption rate of young toads after they ingest the wet granular feed by taming the young toads during the feeding stage and effectively preventing prolapse of the young toads.

[0018] (7) The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans. The method can ensure the healthy growth and high survival rate of the bred toads through precise feeding measures for young toads. The method can also ensure that the quality of the produced toad venom medicinal materials is up to standard or higher by controlling the appropriate specifications of 50-60 g for slaughter.

[0019] (8) The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo gargarizans. By managing water at various stages of breeding, especially during the tadpole and toad stages, water can be circulated and drained regularly to store water. This can effectively remove feces from the breeding pond and keep the environment in the pond clean. In addition, dissolved oxygen can be increased during the tadpole stage.

[0020] (9) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads, which can better achieve low-cost disease prevention through biosecurity measures at various stages of breeding. In particular, pathogen monitoring throughout the breeding process can carry out targeted disinfection and preventive treatment, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases in the breeding farm and ensure the success of breeding.

[0021] (10) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads, which provides an excellent environment for the growth of Chinese giant toads, makes the entire breeding process more suitable for the living habits of Chinese giant toads, satisfies the nutrition required for the growth and development of Chinese giant toads, ensures the good growth and development of Chinese giant toads in different breeding stages, makes them grow fast and have strong disease resistance, and finally markets them at the right time. This not only ensures a high yield of the cultivated Chinese giant toads, but also a high toad venom content, so that the unit selling price of toads or toad venom is higher, thereby increasing the income of breeders.

[0022] (11) The present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese giant toads. By optimizing the breeding process and finely controlling it, a selection standard for high-quality breeding toads is established, an efficient method for egg-laying and fertilization is formed, and an efficient breeding method for cultivating strong tadpoles is formed. The method is more suitable for the growth of Chinese giant toads, can ensure the good growth and development of Chinese giant toads at different breeding stages, reduce the occurrence of diseases, increase the survival rate, and improve the quality of the produced toad venom medicinal materials, so as to obtain high-yield and high-quality medicinal Chinese giant toads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Shown is a graph showing weight changes of artificially cultured Chinese giant toad tadpoles in a method for breeding Chinese giant toads of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 Shown is a graph showing the results of detecting toad venom components in artificially bred Chinese giant toads in a breeding method of the present invention, wherein 1 is bufalin; 2 is cinobucini toxin base; and 3 is resinobufagin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following steps:

[0026] 1) artificially inducing spawning of selected species of Bufo bufo gargarizans, and collecting the egg bands as seedlings after spawning;

[0027] 2) placing the seedlings into a breeding pond for natural hatching, feeding the obtained tadpoles with powdered feed until the tadpoles change their morphology, and obtaining young toads;

[0028] 3) bringing the young toads ashore and feeding them live insect bait during the opening period to make them open their mouths, thereby obtaining the opening young toads;

[0029] 4) feeding the young toads with a mixture of live insect bait and pellet feed during the feeding period to obtain the young toads that are fed well;

[0030] 5) Feed the trained young toads with pelleted feed during the breeding period until they become mature toads and are marketed to provide the required Chinese giant toads.

[0031] In the above step 1), the weight of the breeding toads is: the weight of male breeding toads is ≥75g, preferably 75-125g; the weight of female breeding toads is ≥100g, preferably 100-200g.

[0032] The above-mentioned breeding toads should be introduced from formally qualified breeding farms and should have clear origins and parent sources. They should be healthy and healthy individuals.

[0033] In the above step 1), the content of toad venom produced by the toad species is higher than the requirement of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

[0034] In the above step 1), when the breeding toads are inspected during the breeding season, the male breeding toads can call and have obvious nuptial pads on their forelimbs; the abdomen of the female breeding toads is soft and swollen, and the outline of the ovaries is obvious and elastic.

[0035] In the above step 1), the breeding toads should be quarantined and should not carry any infectious diseases.

[0036] In the above step 1), the breeding toads must not be the offspring of inbreeding.

[0037] In the above step 1), the breeding toads are immersed and disinfected before artificial induction of spawning, and the reagent for immersion and disinfection is a 1-5wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution, specifically 1-2wt%, 2-4wt%, 4-5wt%, preferably a 3wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution; the immersion and disinfection time is 15-25min, specifically 15-18min, 18-22min, 22-25min, preferably 20min.

[0038] In the above step 1), the artificial induction of labor requires the injection of an oxytocin into the breeding toads, wherein the oxytocin is a physiological saline containing 45-55 units / kg of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2-3 μg / kg of ovulation induction (LRH-A2), preferably a physiological saline containing 50 units / kg of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 2.5 μg / kg of ovulation induction (LRH-A2).

[0039] Specifically, the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be the commercially available chorionic gonadotropin for injection (I). The ovulation induction (LRH-A2) can be the commercially available luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (A2).

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, when the breeding toads are injected with the oxytocin, the injection volume for female breeding toads is 0.4-0.6 ml / toad, preferably 0.5 ml / toad; the injection volume for male breeding toads is 0.2-0.3 ml / toad, preferably 0.25 ml / toad.

[0041] In the above step 1), during the artificial induction of spawning, the ratio of male breeding toads to female breeding toads is 1:1, so that they can lay eggs in pairs.

[0042] In the above step 1), the egg band is checked for fertilization and the number of eggs is counted.

[0043] In the above step 2), before the seedlings are released, the culture pond is subjected to the first water change after immersion disinfection and the second water change after secondary disinfection.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the agent for soaking and disinfection is quicklime, and the amount of quicklime added is 45-75kg / mu, specifically 45-55kg / mu, 55-65kg / mu, 65-75kg / mu, preferably 50kg / mu.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the first water change time is 8-12 days after immersion disinfection.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the secondary disinfection agent is bleaching powder, and the dosage of the bleaching powder is 20-30 kg / mu, specifically 20-23 kg / mu, 23-27 kg / mu, 27-30 kg / mu, preferably 25 kg / mu.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the second water change time is 5-7 days after the second disinfection.

[0048] In the above step 2), the seedling release amount is 50,000-200,000 eggs / mu, preferably 100,000-150,000 eggs / mu.

[0049] In the above step 2), when the seedlings are put in, the egg bands are put in the same breeding pond at the same time. The breeding pond is a conventional toad breeding pond with water area and shore area.

[0050] In the above step 2), the seedlings are placed in the shallow water area at the water inlet of the culture pond.

[0051] In the above step 2), the seedlings should be evenly spread out when released.

[0052] In the above step 2), the water depth of the culture pond is 60-70 cm, preferably 65 cm.

[0053] In the above step 2), the water level in the shallow water area of ​​the breeding pond is 15-20 cm.

[0054] In the above step 2), 2 / 9-4 / 9 of the water in the culture pond is renewed daily, preferably 1 / 3 of the water. The water is changed frequently, and the foam on the water surface and the water spongiosa and water fleas in the water are cleaned in time to prevent the tadpoles from lacking oxygen.

[0055] In the above step 2), the dissolved oxygen in the water of the culture pond is ≥ 5 mg / L. Check whether the tadpoles are suffering from hypoxia.

[0056] In the above step 2), the water in the culture pond is oxygenated from 19:00 to 21:00 every afternoon.

[0057] In the above step 2), the density of the tadpoles after hatching out of the membrane is 90,000 to 110,000 tadpoles per mu, preferably 100,000 tadpoles per mu.

[0058] In the above step 2), the tadpoles are fed with powdered feed starting from the third day after they hatch and start swimming.

[0059] In the above step 2), the powdered feed includes first-stage powdered feed and second-stage powdered feed. The first-stage powdered feed is fed from the 3rd to 6th day after the tadpoles hatch, break through the membrane and swim. The second-stage powdered feed is fed from the 7th day after the tadpoles hatch, break through the membrane and swim until the tadpoles change their morphology.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the powdered feed in the first stage is cooked soy milk and cooked egg yolk, the feeding amount of the cooked soy milk is 400-600 ml / mu each time, preferably 500 ml / mu; the feeding amount of the cooked egg yolk is 100-200 g / mu each time, preferably 150 g / mu.

[0061] The feeding amount of the above-mentioned cooked egg yolk to feed 10,000 tadpoles is 10-20g, preferably 15g; based on 100,000 tadpoles / mu, the feeding amount is 100-200 grams / mu, preferably 150g / mu.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the powdered feed in the first stage is fed 2-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, the feeding time of the powdered feed in the first stage is from 9 to 10 am to 16 to 17 pm every day.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the second-stage powdered feed is frog powdered feed, and the frog powdered feed is a conventional commercially available frog powdered feed.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the feeding time of the powdered feed in the second stage is from 8-9 am to 15-17 pm every day, preferably from 8:30 am to 16:00 pm every day.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the powdered feed in the second stage is fed 2-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the feeding amount of the powdered feed in the second stage is 1-4% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles from the 7th day to the 26th stage after the tadpoles hatch, the membranes emerge and swim, and is preferably 2-3% / day; from the 27th stage to the 39th stage after the tadpoles hatch, the membranes emerge and swim, it is 5-17% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles, and is preferably 7-15% / day; from the 40th stage to the 41st stage after the tadpoles hatch, the membranes emerge and swim, it is 2-7% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles, and is preferably 3-5% / day; and feeding is stopped at the 42nd stage after the tadpoles hatch, the membranes emerge and swim.

[0068] The 7th day (starting time of the 25th period) to the 26th period (starting from the 10th day) after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim out of the membrane is the normal growth stage of the tadpoles, and a certain amount of feeding is used; the 27th period (starting from the 12th day) to the 39th period (starting from the 40th day) after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim out of the membrane is the stage of rapid weight growth of the tadpoles, and the feeding amount needs to be appropriately increased; the 40th period (starting from the 42nd day) to the 41st period (starting from the 46th day) after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim out of the membrane is the beginning of the tadpoles changing their morphology, and their weight gradually decreases, and the feeding amount needs to be gradually reduced; the 42nd period (starting from the 50th day) after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim out of the membrane is when the tadpoles have forelimbs and the tail begins to degenerate, that is, the tadpoles have completed their morphological changes, and feeding is stopped during this period.

[0069] The above stages are the tadpole development stages according to the Gosner staging standard. The number of days for each development stage varies. In breeding, each stage roughly corresponds to the number of days for the tadpoles to hatch out of the membrane and swim. The 25th stage starts from the 7th day, the 26th stage starts from the 10th day, the 27th stage starts from the 12th day, the 39th stage starts from the 40th day, the 40th stage starts from the 42nd day, the 41st stage starts from the 46th day, and the 42nd stage starts from the 50th day. Among them, the judgment standard for the 26th stage is that the length of the tadpole's hind limb bud is less than half of the width; the judgment standard for the 27th stage is that the length of the tadpole's hind limb bud is equal to or greater than half of the height; the judgment standard for the 39th stage is the formation of a subarticular tubercle on the ventral surface of the 5th toe of the hind limb of the tadpole, where a light-colored dot is formed; the judgment standard for the 40th stage is that the subarticular tubercle of the tadpole forms a protrusion, and the cloaca is connected to the anus by a skin fold; the judgment standard for the 41st stage is that the cloaca fold of the tadpole disappears, and the skin covering the outside of the forelimb becomes transparent; the judgment standard for the 42nd stage is the appearance of the adult oral cleft of the tadpole, the forelimbs appear and the tail begins to degenerate, that is, the tadpole's morphological change is complete.

[0070] The first-stage powdered feed and the second-stage powdered feed are conventional commercially available feeds with a crude protein content, that is, feeds with a crude protein content of 40-45%.

[0071] In the above step 3), the live insect bait is placed in a feeding tray, and the feeding tray is arranged in a dry place on the bank of the breeding pond. The live insect bait can be fed at a fixed time, fixed point and fixed quantity.

[0072] In the above step 3), the live insect bait is live insects commonly used to feed young toads, preferably mealworm larvae.

[0073] In the above step 3), the length of the live insects in the live insect bait is 3-5 mm; the diameter of the live insects is ≤1 mm.

[0074] In the above step 3), the feeding amount of the live insect bait is: the initial feeding amount is 1125-1375 g / mu, preferably 1200-1300 g / mu; the feeding amount is increased by 15-25wt%, preferably 20wt% every 3 days.

[0075] In the above step 3), the live insect bait is fed from 4 to 6 am to 16 to 18 pm every day, preferably from 5 am to 17 pm every day.

[0076] In the above step 3), the live insect bait is fed 1-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day.

[0077] The opening period is the time period from the end of the tadpole stage to the beginning of the transformation into young toads until the average weight of the young toads increases to 1 g.

[0078] In the above step 4), the feeding during the acclimation period is carried out on a feeding table, and the live insect bait and pellet feed are kept vibrating during the acclimation period. The feeding table is a conventional feeding table for toads, which has a vibrator to keep the feed vibrating. The feeding table is kept clean and the remaining feed is cleaned in time.

[0079] In the above step 4), the feeding time is from 4 to 6 am to 16 to 18 pm every day, preferably from 5 am to 17 pm every day.

[0080] In the above step 4), the feeding frequency is 2-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day.

[0081] In the above step 4), the feeding acclimatization period lasts for 10-20 days, preferably 15 days. The feeding acclimatization period is the period from when the average weight of the young toads grows to 1 g to the 10-20th day thereafter, preferably 15 days.

[0082] In the above step 4), when the total amount of live insect bait and pellet feed fed is determined to be 100wt% and remains unchanged, on the first day of the acclimation period, the mixing ratio of the live insect bait and the pellet feed is 9:1 (i.e., the feeding amount of the live insect bait is 90wt%, and the feeding amount of the pellet feed is 10wt%); from the second day to the 9-19th day of the acclimation period, preferably to the 14th day, the feeding amount of the pellet feed is increased by 10wt% / 1-2 days, and the mixing ratio of the live insect bait and the pellet feed is changed to 1:9 (i.e., the feeding amount of the live insect bait is 10wt%, and the feeding amount of the pellet feed is 90wt%); on the 10th to 20th day of the acclimation period, preferably on the 15th day, the feeding only uses pellet feed (i.e., the feeding amount of the live insect bait is 0wt%, and the feeding amount of the pellet feed is 100wt%).

[0083] During the acclimation period, the proportion of pelleted feed is gradually increased. After 10-20 days, preferably 15 days, the pelleted feed accounts for 100%, completing the acclimation of the young toads.

[0084] In the above step 4), the live insect bait is live insects commonly used to feed young toads, preferably mealworm larvae.

[0085] In the above step 4), the pellet feed is a conventional commercially available extruded pellet feed for frogs.

[0086] In the above step 4), the particle size of the pellet feed is 0.7-0.9 mm, preferably 0.8 mm.

[0087] In the above step 3) or 4), the culture pond is disinfected once every 1-2 weeks.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the disinfection agent is glutaraldehyde, and the dosage of the glutaraldehyde is 100-200 μg / mL, preferably 150 μg / mL, that is, 100-200 μg of glutaraldehyde is added to each mL of water in the culture pond, preferably 150 μg.

[0089] In the above step 5), the pellet feed is a conventional commercially available extruded pellet feed for frogs.

[0090] In the above step 5), the particle size of the pellet feed is 0.7-4.6 mm.

[0091] In the above step 5), the daily feeding amount during the breeding period is 2-4wt% of the total weight of the tamed young toads, and the feed is mixed with water accounting for 20-30% of the weight of the granular feed. That is, during the breeding period, the granular feed and the mixing water corresponding to the total weight of the tamed young toads are fed, that is, wet feed.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the water is drinking water.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, when the body weight of the domesticated young toad is >1g and <5g, the particle size of the granular feed is 0.7-0.9mm, preferably 0.8mm; when the body weight of the domesticated young toad is ≥5g and <20g, the particle size of the granular feed is 1.5-2.2mm; when the body weight of the domesticated young toad is ≥20g and <35g, the particle size of the granular feed is 2.9-3.1mm, preferably 3.0mm; when the body weight of the domesticated young toad is ≥35g, the particle size of the granular feed is 4.4-4.6mm, preferably 4.5mm.

[0094] In the above step 5), the cultivation period is from 4 to 6 am to 18 to 19 pm every day, preferably from 5 am to 18:30 pm every day, the ditch is drained and then water is stored to 1 / 2 of the ditch depth.

[0095] In the above step 5), the feeding time is from 4 to 6 am to 17 to 19 pm every day, preferably from 5 am to 18 pm every day.

[0096] In the above step 5), the feeding frequency is 2-3 times / day, preferably 2 times / day.

[0097] In the above step 5), during the feeding, when the highest temperature of the culture pond on that day is ≥35°C, the feeding amount is halved or the feeding is stopped.

[0098] In the above step 5), the weight of the mature toads is 50-60 g, that is, the toads are raised to an average weight of 50-60 g and then slaughtered and the fresh toad venom is harvested.

[0099] In the above step 5), when the toads become mature, feeding is stopped.

[0100] The breeding period is the period from the end of the acclimation period to the time when the toads have a body weight of 50-60 g.

[0101] In the above step 5), the culture pond is disinfected once every 1-3 weeks.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the disinfection agent is glutaraldehyde, and the dosage of the glutaraldehyde is 100-200 μg / mL, preferably 150 μg / mL, that is, 100-200 μg of glutaraldehyde is added to each mL of water in the culture pond, preferably 150 μg.

[0103] Among the above methods, pathogen monitoring and prevention should be carried out throughout the entire breeding process, and environmental pathogenic bacteria and virus monitoring should be carried out regularly. Disinfectant antibacterial tests should be conducted based on the analyzed potential pathogens, and targeted disinfection of breeding ponds should be carried out based on the test results.

[0104] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0105] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0106] Example 1

[0107] Import Chinese giant toads with clear origins and parental sources from formally qualified production areas. The weight of male toads is 75-125g, and the weight of female toads is 100-200g. They are all healthy and healthy individuals without infectious diseases. The content of toad venom produced is higher than the requirements of the 2020 edition of the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China". During the breeding season inspection, male toads can call and have obvious nuptial pads on their forelimbs; female toads have soft and swollen abdomens, and the outline of their ovaries is obvious and elastic. The offspring of inbreeding shall not be kept as breeding toads. Obtain the preferred breeding toad group.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] The preferred breeding toad group obtained in Example 1 was immersed and disinfected for 20 minutes, and the reagent for immersion and disinfection was a 3wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution. Then, the preferred breeding toad group was injected with an oxytocin and then artificially induced to labor. The oxytocin was a physiological saline solution containing 50 units / kg of injectable chorionic gonadotropin (I) and 2.5μg / kg of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (A2). Among them, the injection volume of female breeding toads was 0.5ml / toad; the injection volume of male breeding toads was 0.25ml / toad. The ratio of male breeding toads to female breeding toads was 1:1, so that they could lay eggs in pairs. After laying eggs, the egg belts were collected in time as seedlings, the fertilization of the egg belts was checked, and the number of eggs was counted.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] The preferred breeding toad group obtained in Example 1 was immersed and disinfected for 22 minutes, and the reagent for immersion and disinfection was a 2wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution. Then, the preferred breeding toad group was injected with an oxytocin and then artificially induced to labor. The oxytocin was a physiological saline solution containing 52 units / kg of injectable chorionic gonadotropin (I) and 2.7μg / kg of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (A2). Among them, the injection volume of female breeding toads was 0.6ml / toad; the injection volume of male breeding toads was 0.3ml / toad. The ratio of male breeding toads to female breeding toads was 1:1, so that they could lay eggs in pairs. After laying eggs, the egg belts were collected in time as seedlings, the fertilization of the egg belts was checked, and the number of eggs was counted.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] The seedlings obtained in Example 2 were placed in a breeding pond for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles. Before the seedlings were placed, quicklime was added to the breeding pond for soaking disinfection, and the amount of quicklime added was 50 kg / mu; then the first water change was performed on the 10th day after the soaking disinfection; then bleaching powder was added for secondary disinfection, and the amount of bleaching powder added was 25 kg / mu; finally, the second water change was performed on the 6th day after the secondary disinfection.

[0114] The amount of seedlings obtained in Example 2 was 120,000 eggs / mu, and the density of tadpoles after hatching out of the membrane was 100,000 / mu.

[0115] When the seedlings are released, the egg bands are released into the shallow water area at the water inlet of the same breeding pond. The seedlings should be spread evenly when released. The water depth of the breeding pond is 65cm, and the water level of the shallow water area of ​​the breeding pond is 15cm. 1 / 3 of the water in the breeding pond is renewed every day, and the foam on the water surface and the water fleas and water fleas in the water should be cleaned up in time. The dissolved oxygen in the water of the breeding pond is ≥5mg / L, and the water in the breeding pond is oxygenated at 20:00 every afternoon to prevent tadpoles from lacking oxygen.

[0116] Example 5

[0117] The seedlings obtained in Example 3 were placed in a breeding pond for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles. Before the seedlings were placed, quicklime was added to the breeding pond for soaking and disinfection, and the amount of quicklime added was 55 kg / mu; then the first water change was performed on the 11th day after the soaking and disinfection; then bleaching powder was added for secondary disinfection, and the amount of bleaching powder added was 27 kg / mu; finally, the second water change was performed on the 7th day after the secondary disinfection.

[0118] The amount of seedlings obtained in Example 3 was 150,000 eggs / mu, and the density of tadpoles after hatching out of the membrane was 110,000 / mu.

[0119] When the seedlings are released, the egg bands are released into the shallow water area at the water inlet of the same breeding pond. The seedlings should be spread evenly when released. The water depth of the breeding pond is 70cm, and the water level of the shallow water area of ​​the breeding pond is 20cm. The water in the breeding pond is renewed 4 / 9 every day, and the foam on the water surface and the water fleas and water fleas in the water should be cleaned up in time. The dissolved oxygen in the water of the breeding pond is ≥5mg / L, and the water in the breeding pond is oxygenated at 19:00 every afternoon to prevent tadpoles from lacking oxygen.

[0120] Example 6

[0121] The tadpoles obtained in Example 4 were fed powdered feed starting from the third day after hatching and swimming until the tadpoles changed their morphology, thereby obtaining young toads.

[0122] The feeding time of the powdered feed in the first stage is 3-6 days after the tadpoles hatch, break out of the membrane and swim. The specific feeding time is from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm every day in shallow water. The powdered feed in the first stage is cooked soy milk and cooked egg yolk. The feeding amount of cooked soy milk is 500 ml / mu each time; the feeding amount of the cooked egg yolk is 150 g / mu each time, twice a day.

[0123] The feeding time of the second stage powdered feed is from the 7th day after the tadpoles hatch and swim out of the membrane to the tadpoles changing their morphology. The specific feeding time is from 8:30 am to 4:00 pm every day in the shallow water area. The second stage powdered feed is a commercially available frog powdered feed. When feeding specifically, from the 7th day to the 26th stage after the tadpoles hatch and swim out of the membrane, the amount of feeding is 2.5% of the total body weight of the tadpoles per day; from the 27th stage to the 39th stage after the tadpoles hatch and swim out of the membrane, the weight growth stage is faster, and the feeding amount is appropriately increased, and the feeding amount is 11% of the total body weight of the tadpoles per day; from the 40th stage to the 41st stage after the tadpoles hatch and swim out of the membrane, the tadpoles begin to change their morphology, and their weight gradually decreases, and the feeding amount is gradually reduced, and the feeding amount is 4% of the total body weight of the tadpoles per day; at the 42nd stage after the tadpoles hatch and swim out of the membrane, when the forelimbs appear and the tail begins to degenerate, the tadpoles have completed their morphological changes, and feeding is stopped during this period.

[0124] Example 7

[0125] The tadpoles obtained in Example 5 were fed powdered feed starting from the third day after hatching and swimming until the tadpoles changed their morphology, thereby obtaining young toads.

[0126] The feeding time of the powdered feed in the first stage is 3-6 days after the tadpoles hatch, break out of the membrane and swim. The specific feeding time is from 9 am to 4 pm every day in shallow water. The powdered feed in the first stage is cooked soy milk and cooked egg yolk. The feeding amount of cooked soy milk is 550 ml / mu each time; the feeding amount of the cooked egg yolk is 100 g / mu each time, twice a day.

[0127] The feeding time of the second stage powdered feed is from the 7th day after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim to the tadpoles changing their morphology. The specific feeding time is from 8 am to 15:30 pm every day in the shallow water area. The second stage powdered feed is a commercially available frog powdered feed. When feeding specifically, from the 7th day to the 26th stage after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim, the amount is 2% of the total weight of the tadpoles per day; from the 27th stage to the 39th stage after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim, the feeding amount is appropriately increased, and the feeding amount is 10% of the total weight of the tadpoles per day; from the 40th stage to the 41st stage after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim, the tadpoles begin to change their morphology, and their weight gradually decreases, and the feeding amount is gradually reduced, and the feeding amount is 3.5% of the total weight of the tadpoles per day; at the 42nd stage after the tadpoles hatch out of the membrane and swim, when the forelimbs appear and the tail begins to degenerate, the tadpoles have completed their morphological changes, and feeding is stopped during this period.

[0128] Example 8

[0129] The young toads obtained in Example 6 were brought ashore and fed with live insect bait during the opening period to make the young toads open their mouths, thereby obtaining opening young toads. The opening period is the time period from the end of the tadpole stage to the time when the young toads become young toads until the average weight of the young toads grows to 1g. During the above process, disinfection was performed once every week, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 150μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the culture pond.

[0130] Specifically, after the young toads complete metamorphosis and come ashore, a feeding tray is set up in a dry place along the shore, and yellow mealworm larvae are placed in the feeding tray as live insect bait. The length of the yellow mealworm larvae is 3-5mm and the diameter is ≤1mm. The initial feeding amount of the live insect bait is 1250 grams per mu, and the feeding amount is increased by 20wt% every 3 days. The feeding time of the live insect bait is from 5 am to 17 pm every day, twice a day.

[0131] Example 9

[0132] The young toads obtained in Example 7 were brought ashore and fed with live insect bait during the opening period to make the young toads open their mouths, thereby obtaining young toads that opened their mouths. The opening period is the time period from the end of the tadpole stage to the time when the young toads become young toads until their average weight grows to 1 g. During the above process, disinfection was performed every 2 weeks, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 180 μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the culture pond.

[0133] Specifically, after the young toads complete metamorphosis and come ashore, a feeding tray is set up in a dry place along the shore, and yellow mealworm larvae are placed in the feeding tray as live insect bait. The length of the yellow mealworm larvae is 3-5mm, and the diameter is ≤1mm. The initial feeding amount of the live insect bait is 1200 grams per mu, and the feeding amount is increased by 18wt% every 3 days. The feeding time of the live insect bait is from 5:30 am to 17:30 pm every day, twice a day.

[0134] Example 10

[0135] The young toads obtained in Example 8 were fed with a mixture of live insect bait and granular feed during the acclimation period to obtain acclimated young toads. The acclimation period was the time period from when the average weight of the young toads grew to 1 g to the 15th day thereafter. During the above process, disinfection was performed once every week, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 150 μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the culture pond.

[0136] Specifically, after the average weight of the young frogs grows to 1g, live insect bait and pellet feed are mixed and fed on the feeding table, and the feed is kept vibrating. The feeding time is from 5 am to 5 pm every day, twice a day. The live insect bait is yellow mealworm larvae, and the pellet feed is a commercially available frog expanded pellet feed with a particle size of 0.8mm. Under the condition that the total amount of live insect bait and pellet feed is determined to be 100wt%, on the first day of the taming period, the mixing ratio of live insect bait and pellet feed is 9:1, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 90wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 10wt%; from the second day to the fourteenth day of the taming period, the feeding amount of pellet feed is increased by 10wt% / 1.625 days, and the mixing ratio of live insect bait and pellet feed is changed to 1:9, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 10wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 90wt%; on the fifteenth day of the taming period, the pellet feed is only used for feeding, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 0wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 100wt%. The taming of young toads is completed, and tamed young toads are obtained.

[0137] Embodiment 11

[0138] The young toads obtained in Example 9 were fed with a mixture of live insect bait and pellet feed during the acclimation period to obtain acclimated young toads. The acclimation period was the time period from when the average weight of the young toads grew to 1 g to the 17th day thereafter. During the above process, disinfection was performed every 2 weeks, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 130 μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the culture pond.

[0139] Specifically, after the average weight of the young frogs grows to 1g, live insect bait and pellet feed are mixed and fed on the feeding table, and the feed is kept vibrating. The feeding time is from 5:30 am to 17:30 pm every day, 3 times a day. The live insect bait is yellow mealworm larvae, and the pellet feed is a commercially available frog expanded pellet feed with a particle size of 0.7mm. Under the condition that the total amount of live insect bait and pellet feed is determined to be 100wt%, on the first day of the taming period, the mixing ratio of live insect bait and pellet feed is 9:1, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 90wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 10wt%; from the second day to the ninth day of the taming period, the feeding amount of pellet feed is increased by 10wt% / 1 day, and the mixing ratio of live insect bait and pellet feed is changed to 1:9, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 10wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 90wt%; on the tenth day of the taming period, the pellet feed is only used for feeding, that is, the feeding amount of live insect bait is 0wt%, and the feeding amount of pellet feed is 100wt%. The taming of young toads is completed, and tamed young toads are obtained.

[0140] Example 12

[0141] The tamed young toads obtained in Example 10 were fed with pellet feed during the breeding period until they became mature toads and were marketed. The breeding period was the time period from the end of the taming period to the time when the weight of the toads reached 50-60 g. The breeding pond was disinfected every 2 weeks, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 150 μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the breeding pond.

[0142] Specifically, after the young toads are trained, feed them 3% of their total body weight of pelleted feed every day, and mix the feed with drinking water that accounts for 25% of the weight of the pelleted feed, that is, feed them wet feed. The feeding time is from 5 am to 18 pm every day, twice a day. During the breeding period, pelleted feed of corresponding specifications is fed according to the weight of the young toads. When the weight of the young toads is >1g and <5g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 0.8mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥5g and <20g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 2.0mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥20g and <35g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 3.0mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥35g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 4.5mm. The pelleted feed is a commercially available extruded compound pelleted feed for frogs.

[0143] When feeding, when the highest temperature of the breeding pond is ≥35℃, the feeding amount is halved or stopped. When the weight of mature toads is 50-60g, stop feeding and release them.

[0144] Example 13

[0145] The tamed young toads obtained in Example 11 were fed with pellet feed during the breeding period until they became mature toads and were marketed. The breeding period was the time period from the end of the taming period to the time when the weight of the toads reached 50-60 g. The breeding pond was disinfected every 3 weeks, and the disinfection reagent was glutaraldehyde, and 180 μg of glutaraldehyde was added per mL of water in the breeding pond.

[0146] Specifically, after the young toads are trained, feed them 4% of their total body weight of pelleted feed every day, and mix the feed with drinking water that accounts for 20% of the weight of the pelleted feed, that is, feed them wet feed. The feeding time is from 5:30 am to 18:30 pm every day, twice a day. During the breeding period, pelleted feed of corresponding specifications is fed according to the weight of the young toads. When the weight of the young toads is >1g and <5g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 0.9mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥5g and <20g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 2.1mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥20g and <35g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 3.1mm; when the weight of the young toads is ≥35g, the particle size of the pelleted feed is 4.4mm. The pelleted feed is a commercially available extruded compound pelleted feed for frogs.

[0147] When feeding, when the highest temperature of the breeding pond is ≥35℃, the feeding amount is halved or stopped. When the weight of mature toads is 50-60g, stop feeding and release them.

[0148] Comparative Example 1

[0149] A batch of Chinese giant toad breeders were randomly introduced from local qualified breeding farms without individual size selection to obtain an unscreened breeder group.

[0150] Comparative Example 2

[0151] The preferred toad breeding group obtained in Example 1 was immersed and disinfected for 20 minutes, and the reagent for immersion and disinfection was a 3wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution. Then the preferred toad breeding group was subjected to natural spawning. After spawning, the egg bands were collected in time as seedlings, the fertilization of the egg bands was checked, unfertilized eggs were removed, and the number of eggs was counted.

[0152] Comparative test example 1

[0153] The preferred toad group obtained in Example 1 and the unscreened toad group obtained in Comparative Example 1 were paired within the group, and artificial induction was performed according to Example 2, seedlings were placed for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles according to Example 4, young toads were obtained by feeding according to Example 6, young toads were obtained by feeding according to Example 8, young toads were obtained by feeding according to Example 10, and mature toads were obtained by feeding according to Example 12. The egg-laying, hatching and survival comparison of the two is shown in Table 1 below. As can be seen from Table 1, the preferred toad group has a higher egg-laying amount per pair of toads, a higher egg-laying rate and a higher survival rate than the unscreened toad group.

[0154] Table 1

[0155] Egg laying per pair Spawning rate / % Hatching rate / % Survival rate at market Preferred species toad group 10000 100％ 100％ 18.5％ Unscreened group 6000 25％ 100％ 10％

[0156] Comparative Test Example 2

[0157] The seedlings obtained in Example 2 and the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 2 were respectively placed in Example 4 for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles, fed in Example 6 to obtain young toads, fed in Example 8 to obtain young toads with mouth opening, fed in Example 10 to obtain young toads with tamed feeding, and fed in Example 12 to obtain mature toads for marketing. The comparison of the egg-laying rate, hatching rate and marketing survival rate of the two is shown in Table 2 below. As can be seen from Table 2, the seedlings obtained in Example 2 have a higher artificial egg-laying rate and a higher marketing survival rate than the seedlings obtained in Comparative Example 2.

[0158] Table 2

[0159] Spawning rate / % Hatching rate / % Survival rate at market Artificial induction group 100％ 100％ 18.5％ Natural spawning group 25％ 100％ 15％

[0160] Comparative test example 3

[0161] According to Example 4, seedlings were placed for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles, and the tadpoles were counted to obtain a density of 100,000 tadpoles / mu. The maximum average weight of the tadpoles reached 918 mg / tadpole, and the final metamorphosis average weight was 473 mg / tadpole. Figure 1 .Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with the prior art, the maximum weight of the tadpoles at stage 40 obtained in Example 3 is larger, and the weight of the young toads that come ashore after metamorphosis is larger and it is easier to open their mouths.

[0162] Comparative Test Example 4

[0163] Feeding was performed according to Example 8 to obtain young toads, which were divided into two groups, one of which was a test group and the other was a control group. The average weight of the young toads was 1.0 g, and the test time was 40 days, wherein the test group was fed with wet pellet feed, and the control group was fed with conventional pellet feed. The test results are shown in Table 3 below. As can be seen from Table 3, the test group softened the pellet feed by increasing the water content of the pellet feed during the young toad breeding stage, and after the young toads ingested the wet pellet feed, they could better prevent the young toads from prolapse, reduce the incidence of prolapse, reduce mortality, and improve the survival rate.

[0164] Table 3

[0165] Wet material group Control group Rectal prolapse rate / % 2％ 70％

[0166] Comparative Test Example 5

[0167] In August 2024, the preferred toad group obtained in Example 1 was hatched in the toad breeding base in Weishan County, Shandong Province, artificial induction was performed in Example 2, seedlings were placed in Example 4 for natural hatching to obtain tadpoles, young toads were fed in Example 6, young toads were fed in Example 8, young toads were fed in Example 10, and mature toads were fed in Example 12. The results showed that the yield of Chinese giant toads per mu was 1009.8 kg, 18,359 Chinese giant toads were sold, with an average weight of 55 g, and 673 grams of toad venom were obtained by processing. It can be seen that compared with the prior art, it has the advantages of high market yield and high toad venom yield.

[0168] Comparative Test Example 6

[0169] The Chinese giant toad obtained in comparative test example 5 was processed to make a sample of toad venom (sample number 20240817-1) and its content was detected by liquid chromatography. The toad venom content detection results are shown in Figure 2 and Tables 4 and 5. Figure 2 As can be seen from Tables 4 and 5, compared with the prior art, the toad venom prepared by this method has a high content of index components, which meets the standards of the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Part I)", and its toad venom is of good quality and higher value.

[0170] Table 4

[0171] Samples of processed crisps from the base Cinotophaga venom base / % Bufalin / % Resifugin / % Total content / % 20240817-1 4.20 2.13 2.76 9.09

[0172] Table 5

[0173] Samples of processed crisps from the base Toad venom content / % Toad venom content standard requirements / % 20240817-1 9.09 7.0

[0174] Comparative Test Example 7

[0175] Sampling and pathogen detection are carried out regularly throughout the breeding process, disinfectant disinfection effect experiments are carried out for suspected pathogens detected, and site disinfection is carried out based on the experimental results. At present, the main potential pathogens in each stage of Chinese giant toad breeding are shown in Table 6.

[0176] Table 6

[0177]

[0178] In this method, quicklime and bleaching powder are used only for site disinfection before breeding, and glutaraldehyde, which is less irritating to toads, is used to disinfect the breeding area regularly during breeding, thereby maintaining the environment of the breeding area. Compared with existing disinfection agents, it ensures that there is no concentrated outbreak of toad epidemics and diseases during the entire breeding period, and ensures the survival rate and yield of breeding. The specific results are shown in Table 7.

[0179] Table 7

[0180]

[0181] In summary, the method for breeding Chinese giant toads provided by the present invention has high egg-laying rate of breeding toads, large body weight in tadpole stage, large body weight of metamorphosed young toads, high survival rate, and is not prone to prolapse during the taming period. The content of artificially bred toad venom is high, and high-yield and high-quality Chinese giant toads for medicinal use can be obtained. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0182] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans, comprising the following steps: 1) artificially inducing spawning of selected species of Bufo bufo gargarizans, and collecting the egg bands as seedlings after spawning; 2) placing the seedlings into a breeding pond for natural hatching, feeding the obtained tadpoles with powdered feed until the tadpoles change their morphology, and obtaining young toads; 3) bringing the young toads ashore and feeding them live insect bait during the opening period to make them open their mouths, thereby obtaining the opening young toads; 4) feeding the young toads with a mixture of live insect bait and pellet feed during the feeding period to obtain the young toads that are fed well; 5) Feed the trained young toads with pelleted feed during the breeding period until they become mature toads and are marketed to provide the required Chinese giant toads.

2. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) includes any one or more of the following conditions: A1) The weight of the breeding toads is: the weight of male breeding toads is ≥ 75 g; the weight of female breeding toads is ≥ 100 g; A2) Before the artificial induction of spawning, the toads are immersed and disinfected, the reagent for the immersion disinfection is a 1-5wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution; the immersion disinfection time is 15-25min; A3) During the artificial induction of labor, the toads need to be injected with an oxytocin agent, wherein the oxytocin agent is a physiological saline solution containing 45-55 units / kg of human chorionic gonadotropin HCG and 2-3 μg / kg of ovulation-inducing LRH-A2; A4) During the artificial induction of spawning, the ratio of male breeding toads to female breeding toads is 1:

1.

3. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes any one or more of the following conditions: A11) In item A1), the weight of the breeding toads is: the weight of male breeding toads is 75-125g; the weight of female breeding toads is 100-200g; A31) In item A3), when the breeding toads are injected with the oxytocin, the injection volume for female breeding toads is 0.4-0.6 ml / toad; the injection volume for male breeding toads is 0.2-0.3 ml / toad.

4. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) includes any one or more of the following conditions: B1) Before the seedlings are released, the culture ponds should be immersed and disinfected for the first time and then disinfected for the second time, and then the water should be changed for the second time; B2) the seedlings are put in an amount of 50,000 to 200,000 eggs per mu; B3) When the seedlings are released, the egg belts are released into the same breeding pond at the same time; B4) the seedlings are placed in the shallow water area at the water inlet of the culture pond; B5) The water depth of the culture pond is 60-70cm; B6) The water level in the shallow water area of ​​the culture pond is 15-20 cm; B7) the water in the culture pond is renewed daily from 2 / 9 to 4 / 9; B8) The dissolved oxygen in the water of the culture pond is ≥5 mg / L; B9) The time for oxygenation of the water in the culture pond is from 19:00 to 21:00 every afternoon; B10) the density of the tadpoles after hatching out of the membrane is 90,000 to 110,000 tadpoles per mu; B11) feeding the tadpoles with powdered feed starting on the third day after the tadpoles hatched and swam; B12) The powdered feed includes a first-stage powdered feed and a second-stage powdered feed. The first-stage powdered feed is fed 3-6 days after the tadpoles hatch, break through the membrane and start swimming. The second-stage powdered feed is fed from the 7th day after the tadpoles hatch, break through the membrane and start swimming until the tadpoles change their morphology.

5. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes any one or more of the following conditions: B11) In item B1), the agent for immersion disinfection is quicklime, and the amount of quicklime added is 45-75kg / mu; B12) In item B1), the first water change time is 8-12 days after immersion disinfection; B13) In item B1), the secondary disinfection agent is bleaching powder, and the dosage of bleaching powder is 20-30kg / mu; B14) In item B1), the second water change time is 5-7 days after the second disinfection; B121) In item B12), the powdered feed in the first stage is cooked soybean milk and cooked egg yolk, the feeding amount of the cooked soybean milk is 400-600 ml / mu each time; the feeding amount of the cooked egg yolk is 100-200 g / mu each time; B122) In item B12), the powdered feed in the first stage is fed 2-3 times per day; B123) In item B12), the feeding time of the powdered feed in the first stage is from 9-10 a.m. to 16-17 p.m. every day; B124) In item B12), the second-stage powdered feed is a powdered feed for frogs; B125) In item B12), the feeding time of the second stage powdered feed is from 8-9 a.m. to 15-17 p.m. every day; B126) In item B12), the powdered feed in the second stage is fed 2-3 times per day; B127) In item B12), the feeding amount of the powdered feed in the second stage is 1-4% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles from the 7th day to the 26th stage after the tadpoles hatch, emerge from the membrane and swim, and is preferably 2-3% / day; from the 27th stage to the 39th stage after the tadpoles hatch, emerge from the membrane and swim, it is 5-17% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles, and is preferably 7-15% / day; from the 40th stage to the 41st stage after the tadpoles hatch, emerge from the membrane and swim, it is 2-7% / day of the total body weight of the tadpoles, and is preferably 3-5% / day; and feeding is stopped at the 42nd stage after the tadpoles hatch, emerge from the membrane and swim.

6. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) includes any one or more of the following conditions: C1) the live insect bait is placed in a feeding tray, and the feeding tray is set in a dry place on the bank of the culture pond; C2) the live insect bait is a live insect conventionally used to feed young toads; preferably, the live insect bait is mealworm larvae; C3) In the live insect bait, the length of the live insect is 3-5 mm; the diameter of the live insect is ≤1 mm; C4) The feeding amount of the live insect bait is: the initial feeding amount is 1125-1375 g / mu; the feeding amount is increased by 15-25wt% every 3 days; C5) The feeding time of the live insect bait is from 4 to 6 a.m. to 16 to 18 p.m. every day; C6) The live insect bait is fed 1 to 3 times per day.

7. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) includes any one or more of the following conditions: D1) feeding during the acclimatization period is carried out on a feeding table, and the live insect bait and pellet feed are kept vibrating during the acclimatization period; The feeding time of D2) is from 4 to 6 am to 4 to 6 pm every day; D3) the feeding frequency of the feeding is 2-3 times / day; D4) The time period of the acclimatization period is 10-20 days; D5) When the total amount of live insect bait and pellet feed is determined as 100wt%, on the first day of the acclimation period, the live insect bait and pellet feed are mixed in a ratio of 9:1; from the second day to the 9th to 19th day of the acclimation period, the amount of pellet feed is increased by 10wt% / 1-2 days, and the live insect bait and pellet feed are mixed in a ratio of 1:9; on the 10th to 20th day of the acclimation period, the pellet feed is used alone; D6) the live insect bait is a live insect conventionally used to feed young toads; preferably, the live insect bait is mealworm larvae; D7) The pellet feed is a conventional commercially available extruded compound pellet feed for frogs; D8) The particle size of the pellet feed is 0.7-0.9 mm.

8. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3) or 4), the culture pond is disinfected once every 1-2 weeks; preferably, the disinfection agent is glutaraldehyde, and the amount of glutaraldehyde used is 100-200 μg / mL.

9. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5) includes any one or more of the following conditions: E1) the pellet feed is a conventional commercially available extruded compound pellet feed for frogs; E2) the particle size of the pellet feed is 0.7-4.6 mm; E3) the daily feeding amount during the culture period is 2-4wt% of the total weight of the tamed young toads, and the feed is mixed with water accounting for 20-30% of the weight of the granular feed; E4) During the culture period, the ditch is drained from 4 to 6 a.m. to 18 to 19 p.m. every day, and then water is stored to 1 / 2 of the ditch depth; E5) The feeding time of the feeding is from 4 to 6 am to 5 to 7 pm every day; E6) the feeding frequency is 2-3 times / day; E7) During the feeding, when the highest temperature of the culture pond on that day is ≥35°C, the feeding amount is halved or stopped; E8) the mature toad has a body weight of 50-60 g; E9) When the toads become mature, stop feeding; E10) The culture pond is disinfected once every 1-3 weeks.

10. The method for breeding Bufo bufo gargarizans according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes any one or more of the following conditions: E31) In item E3), when the weight of the tamed young toad is >1g and <5g, the particle size of the pellet feed is 0.7-0.9mm; when the weight of the tamed young toad is ≥5g and <20g, the particle size of the pellet feed is 1.5-2.2mm; when the weight of the tamed young toad is ≥20g and <35g, the particle size of the pellet feed is 2.9-3.1mm; when the weight of the tamed young toad is ≥35g, the particle size of the pellet feed is 4.4-4.6mm; E101) In item E10), the disinfection reagent is glutaraldehyde, and the amount of glutaraldehyde used is 100-200 μg / mL.

Images