Puffed feed raw material based on palm meal and corn formula and manufacturing method of puffed feed raw material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry feeds, and particularly relates to a puffed feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula and a preparation method of the puffed feed raw material. In the prior art, palm meal is subjected to fermentation and other treatments and then is mixed with other materials for use, or the use amount is generally not more than 30wt%. According to the feed raw material provided by the invention, most corn raw materials are replaced by the palm meal with low cost. The feed raw materials comprise 60%-90% of palm meal and 10%-40% of corn, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the palm meal and the corn according to a certain proportion, performing curing treatment at 120-140 DEG C by a bulking machine under 1.5-2 standard atmospheric pressures, and packaging after treatment to obtain the finished feed raw materials. According to the feed raw materials and the manufacturing method thereof, the feed is rich in nutrition, low in cost, safe, environmentally friendly and simple in preparation process, and a good feed choice can be provided for healthy development of animal husbandry in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal husbandry feed, and in particular relates to a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula and subjected to puffing treatment, and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Animal feed is an important source of animal nutrition supply, and its manufacturing process and raw material ratio directly affect the growth, development and health of animals. In beef cattle breeding, the nutritional balance of feed plays a key role in the growth, development and meat quality of beef cattle. At present, animal feed on the market is mostly mixed with a variety of plant or animal raw materials, such as corn, soybeans, fish meal, meat and bone meal, etc. The nutritional composition of these feeds is relatively reasonable and can meet the basic nutritional needs of animals. However, the price of these feed raw materials is relatively high, and for some farms with limited economic conditions, the feed cost burden is heavy. At the same time, some raw materials, such as meat and bone meal, come from animals and may have certain potential health risks. Therefore, finding an animal feed raw material formula and manufacturing process that is both nutritious, relatively low in cost, and more environmentally friendly and safe is of great significance to promoting the healthy development of my country's animal husbandry.

[0003] Palm meal is a byproduct of palm fruit oil extraction. Its shape and color are similar to rapeseed meal, and its smell is slightly chocolatey. After a series of processing techniques, the final palm meal product is brown small particles. Palm meal is rich in nutrition, with a dry matter content 5% higher than soybean meal and corn; crude protein content is 10% higher than corn and 20% lower than soybean meal; crude fat is higher than both soybean meal and corn, and is a natural plant fat with a high absorption rate in the small intestine; cellulose is higher than corn and soybean meal, which is not suitable for monogastric animals, but suitable for ruminants to digest and eat. Corn, as a common grain crop, is rich in nutritional value and is also one of the common raw materials for animal feed. Palm meal and corn are common feed raw materials, but when used alone or mixed with other materials such as soybeans and fish meal, there may be some shortcomings, such as poor palatability of palm meal and lack of certain essential amino acids in corn. Therefore, combining palm meal and corn to prepare a nutritionally balanced feed suitable for digestion and absorption of beef cattle is of great significance to improve the production efficiency of beef cattle.

[0004] In the prior art, there are many reports on using palm meal to replace soybean meal, part of corn and other main materials, but most of them are to mix the palm meal with other materials after fermentation, or the amount of palm meal used is generally not more than 30wt% (mass fraction), which is not enough to reflect the value of palm meal. See for example Chinese patents CN101999548A, CN101940264A, or "Application of Palm Meal in Fattening Cattle Feed" by He Guohong and other references.

[0005] The present application aims to solve: (1) the problem of extremely low proportion of palm meal added to feed due to its poor palatability; (2) solve the problem of high content of non-starch polysaccharides such as fiber and poor absorption through puffing; (3) reduce the contamination of harmful microorganisms such as mold. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is mainly to solve the above existing problems, and to provide a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula that has been puffed. The feed can be used as a basic feed raw material for animals such as beef cattle, and can be used in combination with other energy, protein, trace elements and other components. The feed raw material can replace most of the corn raw materials with low-cost palm meal, and significantly reduce the feed cost while maintaining or improving the feeding effect. The feed raw material is composed of palm meal and corn, and additives such as trace elements can be appropriately added; the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above feed raw material.

[0007] The above purpose is achieved by the following technical solutions: A feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation and subjected to puffing treatment, characterized in that: The feed raw materials include the following ingredients: Palm meal, 60%-90% by weight; Corn, accounting for 10%-40% of the total weight.

[0008] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation after puffing treatment, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sa1: Mix palm meal and corn in a certain proportion; Sa2: The mixed raw materials are subjected to ripening treatment at 120-140°C in an extruder under 1.5-2 standard atmospheric pressure; Sa3: The finished feed raw materials can be obtained by packaging the raw materials after the maturation treatment.

[0009] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation after puffing treatment, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sb1: Mix palm meal and corn in proportion; Sb2: crush the mixture to make it uniform and fine in particle size; Sb3: Continue stirring and mixing to ensure that the feed ingredients are evenly distributed; Sb4: Press the mixed feed particles into suitable particle size; Sb5: Dry the compressed feed pellets to reduce their moisture content to below 10%; Sb6: Package the dried feed to ensure storage safety.

[0010] A feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation and subjected to puffing treatment, characterized in that: The feed raw materials are mainly composed of palm meal and corn, with the weight ratio of palm meal to corn being 2:1.

[0011] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation after puffing treatment, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sc1: Evenly mix palm meal and corn in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a preliminary mixture; Sc2: Put the preliminary mixed material into the crusher for crushing to make the particle size reach 0.5-2mm; Sc3: Put the crushed mixture into the mixer and slowly add water during the mixing process until the water content of the mixture reaches 12%-15%; Sc4: transferring the mixed material with a water content adjusted to 12%-15% to an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain pelletized feed; Sc5: Place the prepared pelleted feed in a drying device and dry it at a temperature of 60-80°C until the moisture content of the feed drops below 10%; Sc6: Pack the dried granular feed into a special packaging bag to obtain the finished feed raw material.

[0012] The feed raw materials are used as basic feed raw materials. In the actual feeding process, other roughages such as grass, bean cake, straw, and concentrated feeds such as cereals, beans, and protein can be further added on this basis, and additives such as vitamins, amino acids, and minerals can be further added.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention include: (1) The raw materials are reasonably proportioned and rich in nutrients. Palm meal is rich in nutrients such as protein and minerals, and corn is also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates and vitamins. The nutrients of the two complement each other and can meet the basic nutritional needs of animals; (2) Low cost. Palm meal, as a byproduct of palm oil production, is relatively cheap, and corn is also a bulk agricultural product with a relatively low price. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of this feed is significantly lower than that of traditional feed; (3) Safe and environmentally friendly. The feed does not contain any chemical additives or animal raw materials. The production process is green and environmentally friendly, and can provide animals with a green and safe source of nutrition; (4) Simple preparation process. The preparation process of this feed is relatively simple, requiring only conventional process steps such as raw material mixing, crushing, extrusion, and drying. The equipment requirements are also relatively low, making it easy for small and medium-sized farms to produce it themselves;

[0014] In summary, the present invention provides a feed raw material with palm meal and corn as main raw materials and a manufacturing method thereof. The feed is rich in nutrition, low in cost, safe and environmentally friendly, and has a simple preparation process, and can provide a good feed choice for the healthy development of my country's animal husbandry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Example 1.

[0016] A feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula that has been puffed. The feed raw material mainly comprises: palm meal, accounting for 60%-90% of the total weight of the feed raw material; corn, accounting for 10%-40% of the total weight of the feed raw material, and the content of impurities and the like is negligible.

[0017] There are many methods for manufacturing the above feed raw materials, all of which can be implemented for cattle farms. However, in this embodiment, according to the inventor's research ideas and design methods, the following three methods for manufacturing the feed raw materials are provided. Compared with the existing traditional processing and manufacturing methods, the manufacturing methods described in this embodiment can achieve and achieve the technical effect of solving technical problems. The specific manufacturing methods are as follows.

[0018] Manufacturing method (I):

[0019] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula after puffing treatment, the method comprising the following steps: Sa1: Mix palm meal and corn in a certain proportion; the specific mixing proportion shall be implemented in accordance with the above standards: palm meal, accounting for 60%-90% of the total weight of feed raw materials; corn, accounting for 10%-40% of the total weight of feed raw materials; the ratio of palm meal and corn depends on factors such as the growth stage cycle of cattle, and is not limited here to allow free adjustment; Sa2: The mixed raw materials are subjected to 1.5-2 standard atmospheric pressure and ripened in an extruder at 120-140℃; the extrusion and ripening treatment can be carried out by special equipment. According to the scale of the beef cattle breeding farm, the feed raw material processing capacity of the special equipment should be 0.5-8t / h or more to meet the feeding requirements; Sa3: The finished feed raw materials can be obtained by packaging the raw materials after the maturation treatment.

[0020] The above manufacturing method mainly changes the palatability of palm meal through puffing and ripening treatment. The temperature of the feed raw material for ripening and / or puffing treatment is 120-140°C, preferably 120°C; the puffing machine is processed under the pressure condition of 1.5-2 standard atmospheres, preferably 2 standard atmospheres. Under the above conditions, as the basic raw materials in the actual feeding feed, palm meal and corn will undergo Maillard reaction, reorganize the intake components of the two components, change the palatability of the feed, solve the problem of high content of non-starch polysaccharides such as fiber in the raw materials and poor absorption through puffing, and further reduce the pollution of feed by harmful microorganisms such as molds, so that the material of palm meal can be fully and effectively utilized, greatly improving and solving the problems of low adaptability and use of palm meal in the feed industry and the need for fermentation operation. The feed raw material components described in this embodiment do not require a fermentation process, and only the raw materials that occupy the main proportion of the components need to be ripened and puffed before they can be used for feeding.

[0021] Manufacturing method (II):

[0022] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula after puffing treatment, the method comprising the following steps: Sb1: Mix palm meal and corn in proportion; Sb2: crush the mixture to make it uniform and fine in particle size; Sb3: Continue stirring and mixing to ensure that the feed ingredients are evenly distributed; Sb4: Press the mixed feed particles into suitable particle size; Sb5: Dry the compressed feed pellets to reduce their moisture content to below 10%; Sb6: Package the dried feed to ensure storage safety.

[0023] Manufacturing method (three):

[0024] A method for producing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula after puffing treatment, the method comprising the following steps: Sc1: Evenly mix palm meal and corn in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a preliminary mixture; Sc2: Put the preliminary mixed material into the crusher for crushing to make the particle size reach 0.5-2mm; Sc3: Put the crushed mixture into the mixer and slowly add water during the mixing process until the water content of the mixture reaches 12%-15%; Sc4: transferring the mixed material with a water content adjusted to 12%-15% to an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain pelletized feed; Sc5: Place the prepared pelleted feed in a drying device and dry it at a temperature of 60-80°C until the moisture content of the feed drops below 10%; Sc6: Pack the dried granular feed into a special packaging bag to obtain the finished feed raw material.

[0025] In the above-mentioned manufacturing methods (ii) and (iii), step Sa2 in manufacturing method (i) can also replace steps Sb4 and Sc4 respectively, that is, manufacturing methods (ii) and (iii) also perform puffing and maturation treatments on the feed raw materials to achieve the corresponding technical effects.

[0026] In the specific implementation process, the proportion of palm meal and corn can be appropriately adjusted according to the actual situation of different farms and the growth and development degree and cycle of cattle and other animals. For example, for animals with faster growth and development, the amount of corn can be appropriately increased to increase the energy supply of the feed; and for adult animals with higher product yields, the amount of palm meal can be appropriately increased to increase the protein content of the feed.

[0027] The present embodiment provides a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formula that has been puffed and a method for manufacturing the same. The ratio of palm meal to corn is 2:1. The manufacturing method includes the steps of raw material mixing, crushing, water adjustment, extrusion molding, drying, and the like.

[0028] Taking 66.7% palm meal and 33.3% corn as an example, a beef cattle feed based on palm meal and corn is prepared by the above preparation method, and is actually applied in a beef cattle farm. After experimental verification, the growth rate of beef cattle is increased by feeding the feed described in this embodiment, and the meat quality is significantly improved, achieving a good breeding effect. The beef cattle feed based on palm meal and corn is suitable for beef cattle breeding, has the advantages of balanced nutrition, easy absorption, low cost, etc., and is expected to be widely used in the field of beef cattle breeding.

[0029] The feed raw materials are used as the basic feed raw materials. In the actual feeding process, other roughages such as grass, bean cake, straw, etc., as well as concentrated feeds such as cereals, beans, proteins, etc., can be further added on this basis, and additives such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals, etc. are further added. Beef cattle feed is generally divided into roughage, concentrated feed (or concentrated feed), additives, etc., as follows: (i) Roughage: refers to feed with high cellulose content, such as grass, wheat straw, corn stalks, bean straw, etc. They contain a lot of fiber, which can stimulate gastrointestinal motility, help digestion and absorption, and maintain gastrointestinal health. The price of roughage is relatively low, and local crop straw can be directly used to reduce feed costs. However, the energy and protein content of roughage is relatively low, and it needs to be used in combination with other feeds, otherwise it will affect the growth rate of beef cattle; (ii) Concentrated feed: refers to feed with higher energy and protein, such as soybean meal, fish meal, protein powder, etc. They contain more nutrients than roughage, and can improve the growth rate and meat quality of beef cattle. However, compared with roughage, concentrated feed is more expensive, and it is necessary to balance feed cost and breeding benefits; (III) Additives: refers to some auxiliary feeds, such as vitamins, trace elements, acidifiers, etc. They can supplement the nutritional needs of beef cattle, promote healthy growth, and prevent the occurrence of certain diseases. However, the use of additives needs to be done within one's ability and should not be excessive, so as to avoid negative effects.

[0030] In general, the classification of beef cattle feed can be divided according to nutritional components and functions. Roughage and concentrated feed form the basis of beef cattle feed, while additives ensure the growth and health of beef cattle. When using feed, it is necessary to select appropriate feed and formula according to factors such as the breed, growth stage, and feeding conditions of beef cattle to achieve the best breeding benefits.

[0031] Example 2.

[0032] A new type of feed raw material was used to replace corn in equal amounts in an experiment to increase the weight of fattening cattle, so as to explore the effect of feed formula on the production performance of beef cattle.

[0033] In animal husbandry production, the design of feed formula is crucial to improving the production performance of beef cattle. This example aims to study the effect of feed raw materials with palm meal and corn as main raw materials on the growth performance of beef cattle.

[0034] 1. Experimental design This experiment selected 40 healthy beef cattle as research subjects and randomly divided them into two experimental groups, with 20 cattle in each group. The feed formulas of the two groups are as follows: Experimental group 1 (new raw material group): the feed raw materials consisted of palm meal and corn, and the weight ratio of palm meal to corn was 2:1; Experimental group 2 (corn control group): The feed raw material used was the farm's conventional feed formula, that is, all corn.

[0035] In the feeds fed to the two experimental groups, except for the different composition and proportion of the basic raw materials, the other roughage, concentrate feed, additives and other ingredients added were exactly the same, and the proportion of other ingredients except the basic raw materials did not exceed 30wt% of the total feed. For the basic raw materials, experimental group 1 used feed raw materials composed of palm meal and corn, which were processed by the above-mentioned manufacturing method (I), and experimental group 2 used all corn (processed according to traditional feeding methods, such as crushing, etc.).

[0036] Both experimental groups were fed for 4 months, with an average daily feed amount of 5 kg / head. During the experiment, the two groups of cattle received the same feeding and management conditions, including the pen environment, drinking water and feed supply. The growth indicators of the two groups of cattle, such as daily weight gain, feed intake, feed-to-meat ratio, etc., were tracked and observed and data recorded for 4 months (120 days). The weight gain data of cattle after feeding with the feed are shown in the following table.

[0037] ; Note: Experimental time: February 20, 2023 - June 21, 2023; Unit: Kg.

[0038] 2. Results Analysis After 4 months of feeding experiments, data analysis results showed: The daily weight gain of experimental group 1 was significantly higher than that of the control group, reaching an average of 1.49 kg / day, while the control group was 1.43 kg / day, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the slaughter rate, meat quality and other indicators between the two groups of cattle. The statistical data are shown in the following table.

[0039] ; Note: In the above table, the initial weight and final weight used for calculating weight gain per head are the average of 20 heads in each group of cattle in the above table; the average daily feeding amount is the feeding amount of the above feed raw materials supplied to each cattle every day. Other roughage, concentrate feed, additives and other ingredients and usage amounts are exactly the same, so they are not included in the statistics; the unit price of raw materials and the average daily raw material cost are the unit cost price per kg of feed; the cost data are estimated; unit: kg.

[0040] 3. Conclusion and discussion The results of this experiment show that the feed raw material formula with palm meal and corn as the main raw materials, after characteristic puffing and maturation treatment, mixed with other ingredients for feeding beef cattle, has the same or even better weight gain effect as the conventional full corn feed raw materials. While ensuring the growth performance of beef cattle, it also has certain economic advantages. This feed formula can not only increase the daily weight gain of beef cattle and reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, but also help to reduce feed costs. In the future, the feed formula can be further optimized, the optimal ratio of palm meal and corn can be explored, and the scale of the experiment can be expanded to provide beef cattle farms with reliable feed formula solutions. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the impact of feed on the quality of beef cattle products to ensure that the products meet market demand.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed raw material based on palm meal and corn after puffing, characterized in that: The feed ingredients include the following: Palm meal, 60%-90% by weight; Corn, accounting for 10%-40% of the total weight.

2. A method for manufacturing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn formulation and subjected to puffing treatment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sa1: Mix palm meal and corn in a certain proportion; Sa2: The uniformly mixed raw materials are subjected to ripening treatment at 120-140°C in an extruder under 1.5-2 standard atmospheric pressure; Sa3: The finished feed raw materials can be obtained by packaging the raw materials after the maturation treatment.

3. A method for manufacturing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn puffing treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sb1: Mix palm meal and corn in proportion; Sb2: crush the mixture to make its particle size uniform and fine; Sb3: Continue stirring and mixing to ensure that the feed ingredients are evenly distributed; Sb4: Press the mixed feed particles into suitable particle size; Sb5: Dry the compressed feed pellets to reduce their moisture content to below 10%; Sb6: Package the dried feed to ensure storage safety.

4. The feed raw material based on palm meal and corn after puffing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed raw materials are mainly composed of palm meal and corn, with the weight ratio of palm meal to corn being 2:

1.

5. A method for manufacturing a feed raw material based on a palm meal and corn puffing treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: Sc1: Evenly mix palm meal and corn in a mass ratio of 2:1 to obtain a preliminary mixture; Sc2: Put the preliminary mixed material into the crusher for crushing to make the particle size reach 0.5-2mm; Sc3: Put the crushed mixture into the mixer and slowly add water during the mixing process until the water content of the mixture reaches 12%-15%; Sc4: The mixed material with the water content adjusted to 12%-15% is transferred to an extruder for extrusion molding to obtain pelletized feed; Sc5: Place the prepared pelleted feed in a drying device and dry it at a temperature of 60-80°C until the moisture content of the feed drops below 10%; Sc6: Pack the dried granular feed into a special packaging bag to obtain the finished feed raw material.

6. A feed raw material based on palm meal and corn after puffing according to any one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that: The feed raw materials are used as basic feed raw materials, and in the actual feeding process, roughage and / or concentrated feed and / or additives can be further added thereto.

7. The feed raw material based on palm meal and corn after puffing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The amount of roughage and / or concentrated feed and / or additives added does not exceed 30wt% of the total amount of feed.