A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, belonging to the technical field of lithium battery crushing. Its technical key points include a chassis, on which a feeding hopper is provided. Inside the chassis below the discharging end of the feeding hopper, a crushing assembly is provided. Inside the chassis, a spraying assembly for spraying water towards the crushing assembly is provided. Below the crushing assembly, an aggregate hopper is provided, and the discharging end at the bottom of the aggregate hopper is connected with a guiding pipe. Inside the chassis at the discharging end of the guiding pipe, a centrifugal drum assembly is inclinedly arranged, and at the discharging end of the centrifugal drum assembly, an elastic discharging assembly is provided. Below the centrifugal drum assembly, a discharging assembly for discharging solid materials is provided. At the bottom inside the chassis, a liquid collecting tank is provided, and inside the liquid collecting tank, a water suction pipe connecting to an external recycling device is provided. The present invention aims to provide a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device with a compact structure and adopting centrifugal separation, which is used for lithium battery crushing and recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lithium battery crushing and recycling device, and more specifically, particularly to a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries are a type of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. With the wide application of lithium batteries, the resource utilization problem of waste lithium batteries has also become a research hotspot in recent years. Most of the resources of waste lithium batteries can still be collected and recycled, and there are also some substances harmful to the environment such as electrolytes, and direct discharge will cause environmental pollution.

[0003] In the technology of lithium battery recycling, crushing waste lithium batteries is a basic and important step. During the crushing process, in order to reduce the volatilization of harmful gases generated by the electrolyte and avoid the combustion of lithium batteries during the crushing process, spray nozzles are usually arranged beside the crushing device to spray during the crushing process. After crushing, it is necessary to separate the electrolyte and solid materials. In the existing recycling technology, the method of combining a filter screen and a vibration component is usually used to shake off the liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials for separation. This method is difficult to completely screen and collect the liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials, with low overall crushing efficiency and long time consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device with a compact structure and using centrifugal separation in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device includes a chassis, a feeding hopper is provided on the chassis, a crushing component is provided in the chassis below the discharging end of the feeding hopper, and a spraying component for spraying water towards the crushing component is provided in the chassis.

[0006] A collecting hopper is provided below the crushing component, and the discharging end at the bottom of the collecting hopper is connected with a guiding pipe; a centrifugal drum component is inclinedly arranged in the chassis at the discharging end of the guiding pipe, and an elastic discharging component is provided at the discharging end of the centrifugal drum component; a discharging component for guiding out solid materials is provided below the centrifugal drum component; a liquid collecting tank is provided at the bottom inside the chassis, and a water suction pipe connecting an external recycling device is provided in the liquid collecting tank.

[0007] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the crushing component includes a crushing roll group arranged in the chassis, the crushing roll group includes two relatively rotating crushing rolls, and temporary storage grooves are provided on both sides of the crushing roll group.

[0008] The temporary storage tank includes a temporary storage part located above the crushing roller. An arc part adapted to the crushing roller is provided at the lower end of the temporary storage part. The distance between the arc part and the crushing roller is 1-2 cm. A number of extrusion sieve holes are evenly distributed on the arc part.

[0009] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the extrusion sieve holes are all vertically arranged. The extrusion sieve holes include a vertical extrusion section located inside the temporary storage tank. An outlet section in the shape of a flared opening is formed at the lower end of the vertical extrusion section. The angle α between the two sides of the cross-section of the outlet section is 110-140°.

[0010] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the centrifugal drum assembly is arranged on the mounting bracket inside the machine case. A ring-shaped frame is connected to the mounting bracket through bearings. A driving gear ring adapted to the rotary driving device is provided on the outer wall of the middle part of the ring-shaped frame.

[0011] A filter cylinder is arranged inside the ring-shaped frame. The filter cylinder is connected to the ring-shaped frame through a first spring. The diameter of the filter cylinder is larger than the diameter of the guide pipe, and the outlet end of the guide pipe is located inside the inlet end of the filter cylinder. A leak-proof flanging with a diameter larger than the diameter of the filter cylinder is provided near the end of the outlet end of the guide pipe. An arc-shaped waterproof cover is provided above the ring-shaped frame.

[0012] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, a number of first hanging ears are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner walls at both ends of the ring-shaped frame. Second hanging ears corresponding to the first hanging ears one by one are provided on the outer wall of the filter cylinder.

[0013] C-shaped blocks respectively cooperating with the first hanging ears and the second hanging ears are provided at both ends of the first spring. The openings of the C-shaped blocks at both ends are arranged in opposite directions. When the filter cylinder is hung inside the ring-shaped frame, the C-shaped block cooperating with the first hanging ear is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped block cooperating with the second hanging ear is located at the inclined lower end.

[0014] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, a first cross beam is arranged inside the machine case. Both ends of the aggregate hopper are installed on the first cross beam through second springs. A number of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the outlet end of the guide pipe.

[0015] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the elastic discharge assembly includes a baffle door plate hinged to the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly. A second cross beam is arranged inside the machine case on one side of the lower end of the baffle door plate. A third spring cooperating with the lower end of the baffle door plate is provided on the second cross beam.

[0016] In the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, the discharge assembly includes a discharge port arranged near the end of the lower end of the machine case. A secondary filter screen passing through the discharge port is inclined inside the machine case. Fourth springs connecting to the machine case are provided below both ends of the secondary filter screen.

[0017] After the present invention adopts the above structure, the waste battery materials crushed by the crushing assembly are collected by the aggregate hopper and conveyed through the material guide pipe to the centrifugal drum assembly for centrifugal dehydration. The liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials can be effectively separated by centrifugal force. The overall dehydration efficiency is high and the time consumed is less.

[0018] An elastic discharging assembly is provided at the discharging end of the centrifugal drum assembly. The solid materials will push open the elastic discharging assembly to discharge only when a certain amount is reached, which can prevent the solid materials from directly discharging from the discharging end after entering the centrifugal drum assembly and ensure that the solid materials can be fully centrifugally dehydrated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments in the drawings, but it does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the temporary storage tank of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic partial structural view at A of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic internal structural view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the centrifugal drum assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the centrifugal drum assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic partial structural view at B of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1, chassis; 2, feed hopper; 3, crushing assembly; 3a, crushing roller set; 3b, temporary storage tank; 3c, temporary storage part; 3d, arc part; 4, spraying assembly; 5, aggregate hopper; 6, material guide pipe; 7, centrifugal drum assembly; 7a, mounting bracket; 7b, bearing; 7c, annular frame; 7d, driving gear ring; 7e, filter cartridge; 7f, first spring; 7g, anti-leakage flange; 7h, arc-shaped waterproof cover; 8, elastic discharge assembly; 8a, baffle door plate; 8b, second cross beam; 8c, third spring; 9, discharge assembly; 9a, discharge port; 9b, secondary filter screen; 9c, fourth spring; 10, liquid collection tank; 11, water suction pipe; 12, extrusion sieve holes; 12a, vertical extrusion section; 12b, discharge section; 13, first hanging ear; 14, second hanging ear; 15, C-shaped clamping block; 16, first cross beam; 17, second spring. Detailed implementation manner

[0029] Refer to Figure 1-8 As shown in the figure, a solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device of the present invention includes a chassis 1, a feed hopper 2 is provided on the chassis 1, a crushing assembly 3 is provided in the chassis below the discharge end of the feed hopper 2, and a spraying assembly 4 for spraying water towards the crushing assembly 3 is provided in the chassis 1. The spraying assembly includes a water delivery pipe connected to an external water source and several spraying nozzles. Its specific structure and connection method are common knowledge for those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here. By continuously spraying water at the crushing assembly through the spraying nozzles, it can prevent some batteries with insufficient discharge from burning during crushing.

[0030] An aggregate hopper 5 is provided below the crushing assembly 3, and the discharge end at the bottom of the aggregate hopper 5 is connected to a material guide pipe 6; a centrifugal drum assembly 7 is inclinedly arranged in the chassis 1 at the discharge end of the material guide pipe 6, and an elastic discharge assembly 8 is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly 7; a discharge assembly 9 for discharging solid materials is provided below the centrifugal drum assembly 7; a liquid collection tank 10 is provided at the bottom inside the chassis 1, and a water suction pipe 11 connected to an external recycling device is provided in the liquid collection tank 10. The waste battery materials crushed by the crushing assembly are collected by the aggregate hopper and transported through the material guide pipe to the centrifugal drum assembly for centrifugal dehydration, separating the liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials through centrifugal force. An elastic discharge assembly is provided at the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly. When the solid materials reach a certain quantity, they will push open the elastic discharge assembly to discharge, which can prevent the solid materials from directly discharging from the discharge end after entering the centrifugal drum assembly and ensure that the solid materials can be fully centrifugally dehydrated.

[0031] The included angle between the drum axis of the centrifugal drum assembly and the horizontal plane is 30-40°. During the experiment, it was found that when the included angle is too small, the materials in the drum move downward slowly, which is likely to cause accumulation in the drum and affect the overall efficiency. When the included angle is too large, the materials in the drum move downward too fast, and the liquid on the surface of the materials reaches the discharge end and is discharged before being completely separated, resulting in poor dehydration effect. Through multiple experiments, it is concluded that when the included angle between the drum axis and the horizontal plane is 30-40°, it can ensure sufficient centrifugal dehydration of the materials without excessive accumulation of materials.

[0032] In this embodiment, preferably, the crushing assembly 3 includes a crushing roller group 3a arranged in the chassis 1. The crushing roller group 3a includes two relatively rotating crushing rollers, and temporary storage grooves 3b are arranged on both sides of the crushing roller group 3a. By setting the temporary storage grooves, it is avoided that too many waste batteries are added during feeding, resulting in the direct dropping of waste batteries without being crushed. The upper ends on both sides of the temporary storage grooves are inclined or bent inward to prevent the waste batteries from being pushed out of the temporary storage grooves from both sides.

[0033] The temporary storage groove 3b includes a temporary storage part 3c located above the crushing roller. An arc part 3d adapted to the crushing roller is arranged at the lower end of the temporary storage part 3c. The distance between the arc part 3d and the crushing roller is 1-2 cm; a plurality of extrusion sieve holes 12 are evenly distributed on the arc part 3d. After the waste batteries fall into the arc part, they are extruded by the crushing roller and enter the extrusion sieve holes for auxiliary crushing, improving the crushing efficiency of the waste batteries.

[0034] Further preferably, the extrusion sieve holes 12 are all vertically arranged. The extrusion sieve holes 12 include a vertical extrusion section 12a located inside the temporary storage groove 3b. A flared discharge section 12b is formed at the lower end of the vertical extrusion section 12a. The angle α between the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section 12b is 110-140°. When the angle between the two sides of the cross section of the discharge section is small, the solid materials with water on the surface are likely to adhere to the inner wall of the discharge section after extrusion. When the angle α is 110-140°, the materials can fall more easily after passing through the vertical extrusion section, avoiding blocking the extrusion sieve holes.

[0035] In this embodiment, the centrifugal drum assembly 7 is arranged on the mounting bracket 7a in the chassis 1. A ring frame 7c is connected to the mounting bracket 7a through a bearing 7b. A drive gear ring 7d adapted to the rotary drive device is arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the ring frame 7c. The rotary drive device includes a gear, a drive motor, a transmission shaft, etc. that cooperate with the drive gear ring. Its specific structure and connection method are common knowledge in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0036] A filter cartridge 7e is provided inside the annular frame 7c. The filter cartridge 7e is connected to the annular frame 7c through a first spring 7f. The diameter of the filter cartridge 7e is larger than that of the material guiding pipe 6, and the discharging end of the material guiding pipe 6 is located inside the feeding end of the filter cartridge 7e. A leakage-proof flanging 7g with a diameter larger than that of the filter cartridge 7e is provided near the end of the discharging end of the material guiding pipe 6. An arc-shaped waterproof cover 7h is provided above the annular frame 7c. The filter cartridge is connected to the annular frame through the first spring. When the filter cartridge rotates with the annular frame, the filter cartridge will shake, which can vibrate the materials inside the filter cartridge, improve the dehydration efficiency, and avoid solid materials sticking to the inner wall of the filter cartridge or the filter through holes of the filter cartridge.

[0037] By providing the arc-shaped waterproof cover, the liquid thrown out from above the filter cartridge can be prevented from being thrown onto the inner wall of the chassis and the crushing components above under the centrifugal force, and at the same time, the liquid can be guided to both sides and fall into the lower liquid collecting tank below, reducing the possibility of the liquid contacting the solid materials again, and improving the collection efficiency of the liquid.

[0038] Preferably, a plurality of first hanging ears 13 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the inner walls at both ends of the annular frame 7c, and second hanging ears 14 corresponding to the first hanging ears 13 one by one are provided on the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7e.

[0039] C-shaped blocks 15 that are respectively matched with the first hanging ears 13 and the second hanging ears 14 are provided at both ends of the first spring 7f. The openings of the C-shaped blocks 15 at both ends are arranged in opposite directions. When the filter cartridge 7e is hung inside the annular frame 7c, the C-shaped block 15 matched with the first hanging ear 13 is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped block 15 matched with the second hanging ear 14 is located at the inclined lower end. During use, the two C-shaped blocks can closely adhere to the outer walls of the corresponding hanging ears under the action of gravity to hang the filter cartridge. When it is necessary to disassemble, only need to push the filter cartridge towards the inclined upper end to take it out, which is convenient for disassembling and assembling the filter cartridge.

[0040] Further preferably, a first cross beam 16 is provided inside the chassis 1. Both ends of the aggregate hopper 5 are installed on the first cross beam 16 through second springs 17. A plurality of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the discharging end of the material guiding pipe 6. After adopting this structure, when the crushed solid materials fall into the aggregate hopper, impacts are generated to vibrate the aggregate hopper, and the impact blocks impact the filter cartridge, further strengthening the vibration of the filter cartridge.

[0041] In this embodiment, the elastic discharging assembly 8 includes a baffle door plate 8a hinged to the discharging end of the centrifugal drum assembly 7. Inside the chassis 1 on one side at the lower end of the baffle door plate 8a, there is a second cross beam 8b, and a third spring 8c cooperating with the lower end of the baffle door plate 8a is provided on the second cross beam 8b. In this embodiment, the baffle door plate is hinged to the mounting bracket and closely adheres to the mounting bracket and the surface of the filter cartridge discharging end under the action of the third spring. When the solid materials in the centrifugal drum assembly reach a certain quantity, the lower end of the baffle door plate is pushed open for discharging. After discharging a certain amount of solid materials, the baffle door plate resets and closes under the action of the third spring, ensuring that the solid materials can be fully centrifugally dehydrated without affecting the discharging of the filter cartridge.

[0042] In this embodiment, the discharging assembly 9 includes a discharging port 9a provided at the near end of the lower end of the chassis 1. Inside the chassis 1, a secondary filter screen 9b passing through the discharging port 9a is inclined, and fourth springs 9c connected to the chassis 1 are provided below both ends of the secondary filter screen 9b. The solid materials after centrifugal dehydration fall on the secondary filter screen and cause vibration through the fourth springs. The solid materials are output and collected towards the outside of the chassis while vibrating, further ensuring the separation of the liquid contaminated on the surface of the solid materials.

[0043] During operation, the waste batteries to be crushed are input through the feed hopper to the temporary storage tank and the crushing roller group for crushing. The crushed solid materials and liquid are collected through the collecting hopper and conveyed through the guide pipe to the filter cartridge to rotate with the annular frame for centrifugal dehydration, separating the liquid attached to the surface of the solid materials by centrifugal force. After a period of centrifugal separation, the solid materials push open the baffle door plate and fall on the secondary filter screen and are output and collected towards the outside of the chassis. The liquid is discharged from the through holes on the filter cartridge to the liquid collecting tank below, collected and then pumped out through the liquid extraction pipe for external recycling.

[0044] The above - mentioned embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are only used to conveniently illustrate the present invention and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field, without departing from the technical features of the present invention, using the technical content disclosed by the present invention to make local changes or modified equivalent embodiments, and without departing from the technical feature content of the present invention, still fall within the scope of the technical features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device, comprising a chassis (1), characterized in that, A feed hopper (2) is provided on the chassis (1). Inside the chassis below the discharge end of the feed hopper (2), a crushing assembly (3) is provided. Inside the chassis (1), a spraying assembly (4) for spraying water towards the crushing assembly (3) is provided; Below the crushing assembly (3), an aggregate hopper (5) is provided. The bottom discharge end of the aggregate hopper (5) is connected to a guide pipe (6). Inside the chassis (1) at the discharge end of the guide pipe (6), a centrifugal drum assembly (7) is inclined. At the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly (7), an elastic discharge assembly (8) is provided. Below the centrifugal drum assembly (7), a discharge assembly (9) for discharging solid materials is provided. At the bottom inside the chassis (1), a liquid collecting tank (10) is provided. Inside the liquid collecting tank (10), a water suction pipe (11) connected to an external recycling device is provided; The centrifugal drum assembly (7) is arranged on a mounting bracket (7a) inside the chassis (1). On the mounting bracket (7a), an annular frame (7c) is connected through a bearing (7b). On the outer wall of the middle part of the annular frame (7c), a driving gear ring (7d) cooperating with a rotary driving device is provided; Inside the annular frame (7c), a filter cylinder (7e) is provided. The filter cylinder (7e) is connected to the annular frame (7c) through a first spring (7f). The diameter of the filter cylinder (7e) is larger than the diameter of the guide pipe (6), and the discharge end of the guide pipe (6) is located inside the feed end of the filter cylinder (7e). At the near end of the discharge end of the guide pipe (6), a leak-proof flanging (7g) with a diameter larger than the diameter of the filter cylinder (7e) is provided. Above the annular frame (7c), an arc-shaped waterproof cover (7h) is provided; On the inner walls at both ends of the annular frame (7c), a plurality of first hanging ears (13) are evenly distributed circumferentially. On the outer wall of the filter cylinder (7e), second hanging ears (14) corresponding to the first hanging ears (13) one by one are provided; At both ends of the first spring (7f), C-shaped blocks (15) respectively cooperating with the first hanging ears (13) and the second hanging ears (14) are provided. The openings of the C-shaped blocks (15) at both ends are arranged in opposite directions. When the filter cylinder (7e) is hung inside the annular frame (7c), the C-shaped block (15) cooperating with the first hanging ear (13) is located at the inclined upper end, and the C-shaped block (15) cooperating with the second hanging ear (14) is located at the inclined lower end.

2. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 1, wherein, The crushing assembly (3) includes a crushing roll group (3a) arranged inside the chassis (1). The crushing roll group (3a) includes two relatively rotating crushing rolls. On both sides of the crushing roll group (3a), temporary storage grooves (3b) are provided; The temporary storage groove (3b) includes a temporary storage part (3c) located above the crushing roll. At the lower end of the temporary storage part (3c), an arc-shaped part (3d) adapted to the crushing roll is provided. The distance between the arc-shaped part (3d) and the crushing roll is 1 - 2 centimeters. A plurality of extrusion sieve holes (12) are evenly distributed on the arc-shaped part (3d).

3. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extrusion sieve holes (12) are all vertically arranged. The extrusion sieve holes (12) include a vertical extrusion section (12a) located inside the temporary storage groove (3b). At the lower end of the vertical extrusion section (12a), a discharge section (12b) in the shape of a flared opening is formed. The angle α between the two sides of the cross-section of the discharge section (12b) is 110 - 140°.

4. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first cross beam (16) is provided inside the chassis (1), and both ends of the aggregate hopper (5) are mounted on the first cross beam (16) through second springs (17); a plurality of hemispherical impact blocks are evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of the discharge end of the material guiding pipe (6).

5. A solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic discharge assembly (8) includes a baffle door plate (8a) hinged to the discharge end of the centrifugal drum assembly (7). A second cross beam (8b) is provided inside the chassis (1) on one side of the lower end of the baffle door plate (8a), and a third spring (8c) cooperating with the lower end of the baffle door plate (8a) is provided on the second cross beam (8b).

6. The solid-liquid separation type lithium battery crushing and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge assembly (9) includes a discharge port (9a) provided at the near end of the lower end of the chassis (1). A secondary filter screen (9b) passing through the discharge port (9a) is inclinedly provided inside the chassis (1), and fourth springs (9c) connected to the chassis (1) are provided below both ends of the secondary filter screen (9b).

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