Efficient open stoping subsequent filling mining method without bottom structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to an efficient open stoping subsequent filling mining method without a bottom structure. The method can effectively improve the resource recovery rate, and has the characteristics of small mining and cutting work amount, high ore removal efficiency, ore removal by using an automatic carry-scraper, high labor productivity and the like. Meanwhile, compared with a traditional mining method with an ore block bottom structure reserved, after the bottom structure is omitted, the mining and cutting engineering amount of an underground stope is reduced, and the production efficiency of the stope is improved. The area of the originally-arranged bottom structure is exploded and recycled along with ores in the ore blocks, the resource recycling rate of the ore blocks is increased, and the comprehensive recovery rate of the chambers can be increased to about 97% from traditional about 90%. In addition, retaining wall erection during mining preparation construction, supporting, maintenance and filling operation of an area where the ore removal access road is originally arranged does not need to be considered, production efficiency is improved, and mining operation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] Most domestic underground mining methods use the backfill mining method. Large mines mostly use the open-pit and backfill mining method, and trackless equipment is used to mine. This mining method requires a bottom structure, and trackless equipment such as scrapers must operate in the mine access route to safely transport the ore. The amount of ore in this bottom structure accounts for about 14% of the total ore volume of the ore block, and the recovery rate of the bottom structure is about 60%. Considering some of the ore that remains in the mining site and cannot be cleared, a total of about 10% of the ore cannot be recovered. In addition, the bottom structure accounts for a large proportion of the mining and cutting engineering volume of this mining method, which reduces the comprehensive production efficiency of the ore block.

[0003] In order to ensure the safety of underground mining operations, a flat-bottom or trench-type bottom structure is set up under the mine room, and the bottom structure is recovered to a limited extent in the later stage.

[0004] Regardless of the form of the bottom structure, its existence will increase the amount of mining and cutting in the underground stope and reduce the production efficiency of the stope. In order to ensure the safety of the operation, the bottom structure cannot be effectively recycled, and there are some ores in the stope that cannot be shoveled, resulting in a low resource recovery rate.

[0005] The bottom structure is the weak link in the mining area. Its overall stability is affected by mining blasting operations and ore flow during mining. Its support and maintenance costs will also increase mining costs.

[0006] During the later filling operation, there are many blocking points in the mining area and the workload is large, which affects the production efficiency and operating cost of the underground mining area.

[0007] With the improvement of mechanization and automation in my country's mining industry, it is urgent to study a safe, efficient and low-cost open-pit subsequent filling mining method that is suitable for it. This mining method is the development trend of underground open-pit subsequent filling mining in the future.

[0008] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention aims to provide a high-efficiency bottom-structure-free open-pit subsequent filling mining method to solve the problem that ore at the bottom structure of the mine room cannot be effectively recovered, so as to improve resource recovery rate and production efficiency and reduce operating costs.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] An efficient bottom structure-free open-pit subsequent filling mining method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S100, dividing the to-be-mined body into a plurality of segmented ore blocks along the vertical direction, the height of each segmented ore block being the stope height;

[0013] S200, alternately dividing each segmented ore block into a one-step mining block and a two-step mining block without leaving any intermediate pillars;

[0014] S300, constructing a rock drilling tunnel above the first mined segmented ore block and constructing a mine exit tunnel below;

[0015] S400, the drilling trolley operates in the drilling tunnel and drills fan-shaped blast holes in the drilling tunnel;

[0016] S500, charging and blasting operations are performed on blastholes in the rock drilling tunnel at the upper part of the segmented ore block to be mined in accordance with the mining sequence; after the blasting is completed, mining and ore extraction operations are performed in the mining tunnel at the lower part of the segmented ore block;

[0017] S600, after the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the end of the mining tunnel at the bottom of the segmented ore block, and the mining void is filled with glued tailings or full tailings filling materials;

[0018] S700, after all the first mined segmented ore blocks are mined and filled, the rock drilling tunnel of the first mined segmented ore blocks is used as the lower mining tunnel for the corresponding segmented ore blocks in the next stage, and steps S300 to S600 are repeated to mine the segmented ore blocks in the next stage.

[0019] Preferably, in step S200:

[0020] The length of the segmented ore blocks is between 60-207m, and the height of the segmented ore blocks is 50m; the width of the first-step mining block is 18m, and the width of the second-step mining block is 22m.

[0021] Preferably, in step S300:

[0022] The rock drilling tunnel is connected with the rock drilling tunnel connecting road; the mine exit tunnel is connected with the approach connecting road through the out-vein mine tunnel.

[0023] Preferably, in step S500:

[0024] The mining sequence is to first mine the first-step mining block and then mine the second-step mining block. The second-step mining block can be mined only after the mining and filling of the adjacent first-step mining blocks on both sides are completed.

[0025] Preferably, in step S600:

[0026] The first-step mining blocks are filled with high-ratio filling materials, and the second-step mining blocks are filled with low-ratio filling materials or full tailings.

[0027] Preferably, in step S300:

[0028] There is only one mining tunnel located at the bottom of the segmented ore block.

[0029] Preferably, in step S500:

[0030] During the mining operation in the mining tunnel at the bottom of the segmented ore block, a scraper and a remote-controlled scraper are used to jointly mine the ore; or a remote-controlled scraper is used throughout the entire mining process.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an efficient bottom structure-free empty field and subsequent filling mining method. After the bottom structure is eliminated, the mining and cutting work volume of the underground stope is reduced, and the production efficiency of the stope is improved. The area of ​​the original bottom structure is blasted and recovered together with the ore in the ore block, which improves the resource recovery rate of the ore block, and the comprehensive recovery rate of the mine room can be increased from the traditional 90% to about 97%. At the same time, there is no need to consider the area of ​​the original mine access road for mining, construction, support, maintenance, and the erection of retaining walls during filling operations, which improves production efficiency and reduces mining operation costs.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a body to be mined in a high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty-field subsequent filling mining method proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA section structure.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the BB cross-section structure.

[0037] The diagram is as follows:

[0038] 1. Transportation tunnel in the lower wall stage; 2. Transportation tunnel in the upper wall stage; 3. Lower wall chute; 4. Upper wall chute; 5. Chute connecting road; 6. Lower wall ventilation skylight; 7. Upper wall ventilation skylight; 8. Ventilation skylight connecting road; 9. Lower wall access connecting road; 10. Upper wall access connecting road; 11. Mine exit tunnel; 12. Mining tunnel outside the vein; 13. Lower wall rock drilling tunnel connecting road; 14. Upper wall rock drilling tunnel connecting road; 15. Rock drilling tunnel; 16. Cutting skylight; 17. Mining body to be mined; 18. Blast hole; 19. One-step mining block; 20. Two-step mining block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the ore body 17 to be mined in the present invention includes the following structures: a lower wall stage transport tunnel 1, an upper wall stage transport tunnel 2, a lower wall chute 3, an upper wall chute 4, a chute connecting road 5, a lower wall ventilation skylight 6, an upper wall ventilation skylight 7, a ventilation skylight connecting road 8, a lower wall access connecting road 9, an upper wall access connecting road 10, a mine exit tunnel 11, an out-vein mine exit tunnel 12, a lower wall rock drilling tunnel connecting road 13, an upper wall rock drilling tunnel connecting road 14, a rock drilling tunnel 15, a cutting skylight 16, a blast hole 18, a first-step mining block 19, and a second-step mining block 20.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present invention, a highly efficient bottom structure-free empty field and subsequent filling mining method is adopted for the mining body 17 to be mined, and the steps specifically include:

[0042] 1) Middle section division: as shown in the attached Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the to-be-mined body 17 is divided into a number of segmented ore blocks in the vertical direction, and the height of the segmented ore blocks is the height of the medium-deep hole (deep hole) mining field; the height of the segmented ore blocks is determined according to the drilling depth of the selected medium-deep hole rock drilling equipment, the inclination of the ore body and the stability of the ore rock; when the drilling depth of the medium-deep hole rock drilling equipment is large, the inclination of the ore body is large, and the ore rock is relatively stable, the height of the segmented ore blocks should be large, otherwise it should be small; in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the segmented ore blocks is 50m.

[0043] 2) Mining block division: The ore body in the same mining stage is divided into several blocks according to certain structural parameters based on the occurrence, thickness and equipment level of the ore body;

[0044] As attached Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the body to be mined 17 is divided into one-step mining blocks 19 (mine rooms) and two-step mining blocks 20 (mine pillars) along the strike direction of the ore body, and the one-step mining blocks 19 and the two-step mining blocks 20 are arranged alternately without leaving pillars; both the one-step mining blocks 19 and the two-step mining blocks 20 are mined upward by the downward medium-deep hole drilling and subsequent filling mining method, and the mining area is arranged perpendicular to the strike direction of the ore body; in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the one-step mining block 19 is 18m wide, the two-step mining block 20 is 22m wide, the block length is between 60m and 207m, and the block height is 50m.

[0045] 3) Block mining preparation operation: construct a rock drilling tunnel 15 (chamber) in the upper part of the first mined segmented block, and construct a mine exit tunnel 11 in the lower part. Both the rock drilling tunnel 15 and the mine exit tunnel 11 are located in the middle of the first mining block; the rock drilling tunnel 15 is connected with the lower plate rock drilling tunnel connecting tunnel 13 and the upper plate rock drilling tunnel connecting tunnel 14 respectively; the mine exit tunnel 11 is connected with the lower plate access connecting tunnel 9 and the upper plate access connecting tunnel 10 through the out-vein mine tunnel 12.

[0046] 4) Block drilling operation: The drilling trolley operates in the drilling tunnel 15, and drills downward fan-shaped (medium) deep hole blast holes 18 in the drilling tunnel 15. The number, depth and layout of the blast holes 18 are set according to the parameters of the block to be blasted to meet the blasting needs of the block.

[0047] 5) Block mining operation: Block mining is a multi-cycle operation. In each cycle, the blastholes 18 are charged and blasted in the rock drilling tunnel 15 at the upper part of the segmented block to be mined in accordance with the mining sequence; after the blasting is completed, the mining operation is carried out in the mining tunnel 11 at the lower part of the segmented block.

[0048] 6) Block filling industry: After mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the end of the mining tunnel 11 at the lower part of the segmented block, and the mining void is filled with filling materials such as cemented tailings or full tailings; the first-step mining block 19 is filled with high-ratio filling materials, and the second-step mining block 20 is filled with low-ratio filling materials or full tailings.

[0049] 7) In each stage, the first-stage mining block 19 is mined first, and then the second-stage mining block 20 is mined. The second-stage mining block 20 can be mined only after the first-stage mining blocks 19 on both sides of the adjacent blocks are mined and filled. After the mining of this stage is completed, the constructed rock drilling tunnel 15 is used as the lower mining tunnel 11 of the corresponding mining block of the next stage; repeat steps 3) to 6) to mine the next stage of the ore block.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a high-efficiency bottom structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method which can effectively improve the resource recovery rate, has the characteristics of small mining and cutting workload, high mining efficiency, utilization of automatic shovel loaders for mining, and high labor productivity.

[0051] Compared with the traditional mining method of leaving the bottom structure of the ore block, the removal of the bottom structure reduces the amount of mining and cutting in the underground stope and improves the production efficiency of the stope. The area of ​​the original bottom structure is blasted and recovered together with the ore in the ore block, which improves the resource recovery rate of the ore block, and the comprehensive recovery rate of the mine room can be increased from the traditional 90% to about 97%. In addition, there is no need to consider the construction, support, maintenance and erection of retaining walls during the filling operation of the area where the original mine access was set, which improves production efficiency and reduces mining operation costs.

[0052] The mining tunnel at the bottom of the segmented ore block is used for mining operations by shovel loaders. After the blast holes are charged and blasted in the rock drilling tunnel at the top of the segmented ore block, the collapsed ore falls to the end of the mining tunnel, and the shovel loaders are used to transport the collapsed ore to the lower chute and upper chute nearby, and the cycle continues until the mining of the ore block is completed.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

Claims

1. An efficient bottom structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method, characterized in that: The steps include: S100, dividing the to-be-mined body into a plurality of segmented ore blocks along the vertical direction, the height of each segmented ore block being the stope height; S200, alternately dividing each segmented ore block into a one-step mining block and a two-step mining block without leaving any intermediate pillars; S300, constructing a rock drilling tunnel above the first mined segmented ore block and constructing a mine exit tunnel below; S400, the drilling trolley operates in the drilling tunnel and drills fan-shaped blast holes in the drilling tunnel; S500, charging and blasting operations are performed on blastholes in the rock drilling tunnel at the upper part of the segmented ore block to be mined in accordance with the mining sequence; after the blasting is completed, mining and ore extraction operations are performed in the mining tunnel at the lower part of the segmented ore block; S600, after the mining is completed, a filling retaining wall is built at the end of the mining tunnel at the bottom of the segmented ore block, and the mining void is filled with glued tailings or full tailings filling materials; S700, after all the first mined segmented ore blocks are mined and filled, the rock drilling tunnel of the first mined segmented ore blocks is used as the lower mining tunnel for the corresponding segmented ore blocks in the next stage, and steps S300 to S600 are repeated to mine the segmented ore blocks in the next stage.

2. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S200: The length of the segmented ore blocks is between 60-207m, and the height of the segmented ore blocks is 50m; the width of the first-step mining block is 18m, and the width of the second-step mining block is 22m.

3. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S300: The rock drilling tunnel is connected with the rock drilling tunnel connecting road; the mine exit tunnel is connected with the approach connecting road through the out-vein mine tunnel.

4. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S500: The mining sequence is to first mine the first-step mining block and then mine the second-step mining block. The second-step mining block can be mined only after the mining and filling of the adjacent first-step mining blocks on both sides are completed.

5. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S600: The first-step mining blocks are filled with high-ratio filling materials, and the second-step mining blocks are filled with low-ratio filling materials or full tailings.

6. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S300: There is only one mining tunnel located at the bottom of the segmented ore block.

7. The high-efficiency bottom-structure-free empty field subsequent filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S500: During the mining operation in the mining tunnel at the bottom of the segmented ore block, a scraper and a remote-controlled scraper are used to jointly mine the ore; or a remote-controlled scraper is used throughout the entire process.

Images