Self-anchoring anchor rod with variable anchoring force and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod and a construction method thereof.The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, an expansion part and a pre-tightening part, the anchor rod body is provided with a first end and a second end in the length direction of the anchor rod body, the first end of the anchor rod body is suitable for being arranged in a grouting hole in a penetrating mode, and the expansion part is arranged on the anchor rod body and is adjacent to the first end of the anchor rod body; the pre-tightening piece is arranged on the anchor rod in a penetrating mode and is arranged close to the second end of the anchor rod, the pre-tightening piece is located outside the grouting hole and can move relative to the anchor rod in the length direction of the anchor rod, and therefore after the expansion piece expands, the pre-tightening piece is connected with the pre-tightening piece in a sleeving mode; the pre-tightening piece abuts against the peripheral face of the grouting hole so that the anchor rod can be pre-tightened. The self-anchoring anchor rod with the variable anchoring force has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to construct and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchor rods, and in particular to a self-anchoring anchor rod with variable anchoring force and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Anchor support technology is widely used in coal mine tunnel support due to its fast support speed, significant effect and light support materials. More than 90% of underground coal mine tunnel supports use anchor support. The efficiency, reliability and safety of anchor support directly affect the efficiency and safety of coal mining. According to the different anchoring principles, it can be divided into three categories: mechanical anchoring, bond anchoring and friction anchoring, to target different application scenarios.

[0003] In the related technology, the construction process of anchor support is complicated and tedious, the anchoring force is difficult to adjust, the construction time is long, and the maintenance cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems: In the related technology, during the anchor construction process, construction workers are required to install resin anchors in the boreholes in advance, which not only increases the construction time and complexity, but also places high demands on the technical level of the construction workers. If the resin anchor is not installed properly, it may affect the final anchoring effect of the anchor. In addition, in the anchor support system, the anchoring force between the anchor and the surrounding rock mainly depends on external materials such as resin anchors, so that the size and stability of the anchoring force are affected by the performance of external materials, which increases uncertainty and maintenance costs. Secondly, for surrounding rocks under different geological conditions, it is difficult for the anchor system to flexibly adjust the anchoring force. Usually, it is necessary to replace different types of anchors or adjust construction parameters to adapt to different surrounding rock conditions. The operation is complicated and time-consuming, and it is difficult to respond quickly to changes on site. Finally, the anchor construction process is relatively cumbersome. From drilling, installing resin anchors to inserting and pre-tightening anchors, each step requires precise operation, which increases the difficulty and time cost of construction.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod with a simple structure and high support efficiency.

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention provides an anchor rod construction method with simple construction process and low cost.

[0008] The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: an anchor rod, the anchor rod having a first end and a second end along its length direction, the first end of the anchor rod being suitable for being inserted into a grouting hole; an expansion member, the expansion member being arranged on the anchor rod and adjacent to the first end of the anchor rod, the expansion member being suitable for passing an expansion medium so that the expansion member expands in the grouting hole so that the anchor rod is installed in the grouting hole; a pre-tightening member, the pre-tightening member being inserted into the anchor rod and adjacent to the second end of the anchor rod, the pre-tightening member being located outside the grouting hole and relative to the anchor rod The rod is movable along the length direction of the anchor rod so that after the expansion member expands, the pre-tightening member abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole to pre-tighten the anchor rod; the detection member is arranged in the expansion member and is used to detect the pressure in the expansion member. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, an expansion medium is injected into the expansion member so that when the detection member detects that the pressure of the expansion member is higher than a preset value, the injection of the expansion medium is stopped. In the second working state, the pre-tightening member is tightened to pre-tighten the anchor rod.

[0009] The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with anchor rods, expansion parts and pre-tightening parts. There is no need for personnel to install resin anchors in the drill hole in advance. The expansion parts expand and contact with the surrounding rock, so that the anchor rod is installed in the installation hole. In accordance with different surrounding rock conditions, the pressure in the expansion parts is adjusted to adjust the size of the anchoring force. It can quickly respond to changes on site, and the construction process is convenient, which reduces the construction difficulty and time cost.

[0010] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod also includes a first positioning member and a second positioning member, the first positioning member and the second positioning member are both arranged on the anchor rod and are spaced relative to each other along the length direction of the anchor rod, and the expansion member is located between the first positioning member and the second positioning member and is connected to the first positioning member and the second positioning member so that the first positioning member and the second positioning member position the expansion member.

[0011] In some embodiments, the expansion member includes an expansion body, a first seal and a second seal. The expansion body is passed through the anchor rod, and the first seal and the second seal are respectively arranged at both ends of the expansion body. The first seal is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body and the outer circumference of the anchor rod, and the second seal is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body and the outer circumference of the anchor rod, so that the first seal and the second seal seal the expansion body.

[0012] In some embodiments, the preload member includes: a tray, which is passed through the anchor rod and is movable relative to the anchor rod along the length direction of the anchor rod, and the tray is suitable for abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole; a fastener, which is passed through the anchor rod and is located on the side of the tray away from the expansion member, the fastener is connected to the anchor rod by threads and the fastener abuts against the tray.

[0013] In some embodiments, the preload member further includes a self-aligning ball pad, which is passed through the anchor rod and is located between the tray and the fastener.

[0014] In some embodiments, the anchor rod has a fluid channel therein, one end of the fluid channel is in communication with the expansion member, and the other end of the fluid channel is suitable for allowing an expansion medium to pass through.

[0015] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod further includes a first check member, the first check member is disposed in the fluid channel, and the first check member is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member from flowing back.

[0016] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod further comprises a pipeline, which is arranged on one side of the anchor rod and communicated with the expansion member so that an expansion medium can be introduced into the expansion member through the pipeline.

[0017] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod further includes a second check member, the second check member is disposed in the pipe, and the second check member is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member from flowing back.

[0018] According to the anchor construction method of the embodiment of the present invention, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor of any one of the above embodiments includes: S1: drilling a tunnel to form a grouting hole, and inserting the anchor into the grouting hole; S2: introducing an expansion medium into the expansion part of the anchor to expand the expansion part, so that the expansion part and the surrounding rock in the grouting hole generate an anchoring force; S3: when the detection part detects that the pressure in the expansion part reaches a preset value, stop introducing the expansion medium; S4: tighten the pre-tightening part on the anchor to pre-tighten the anchor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3It is a schematic structural diagram of a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the expansion of the expansion piece of the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of pre-tightening of a pre-tightening member of a variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor 100; Anchor rod 1; fluid channel 11; first check member 12; pipeline 13; Expansion member 2; expansion body 21; first sealing member 22; second sealing member 23; Preload member 3; tray 31; fastener 32; self-aligning ball pad 33; A first positioning member 4; a second positioning member 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises an anchor rod 1, an expansion member 2, a pre-tightening member 3 and a detection member (not shown in the figure).

[0029] The anchor rod 1 is along its length direction (such as Figure 1 The anchor rod 1 has a first end and a second end (in the left and right directions shown), and the first end of the anchor rod 1 is suitable for being inserted into the grouting hole. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the anchor rod 1 extends in the left-right direction, the first end is the right end of the anchor rod 1 and can be inserted into the grouting hole, and the second end is the left end of the anchor rod 1 and is located outside the grouting hole.

[0030] The expansion member 2 is disposed on the anchor rod 1 and adjacent to the first end of the anchor rod 1. The expansion member 2 is adapted to be introduced with an expansion medium so that the expansion member 2 expands in the grouting hole so that the anchor rod 1 is installed in the grouting hole. Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the expansion member 2 can be made of a material with a certain elasticity (such as rubber, polyurethane, etc.) to ensure that it can still maintain a stable expansion effect under high pressure environment and is passed through the right end of the anchor rod 1. The expansion member 2 is arranged in the grouting hole and is arranged adjacent to the bottom of the grouting hole. The expansion medium (for example: high-pressure gas or liquid) can be passed into the expansion member 2 to make the expansion member 2 expand in the grouting hole, so that the expansion member 2 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the grouting hole, so that the anchor rod 1 is installed in the grouting hole.

[0031] The pre-tightening member 3 is passed through the anchor rod 1 and is disposed adjacent to the second end of the anchor rod 1. The pre-tightening member 3 is located outside the grouting hole and is movable relative to the anchor rod 1 along the length direction of the anchor rod 1, so that after the expansion member 2 expands, the pre-tightening member 3 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole to pre-tighten the anchor rod 1. Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the preload member 3 is arranged at the left end of the anchor rod 1 and outside the grouting hole. The preload member 3 can be connected to the anchor rod 1 by a thread and move on the anchor rod 1 along the left and right directions. After the expansion member 2 expands, the preload member 3 is abutted against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole to apply a preload force to the anchor rod 1, thereby enhancing the anchoring effect of the anchor rod 1.

[0032] The detection member is arranged in the expansion member 2 and is used to detect the pressure in the expansion member 2. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, the expansion medium is injected into the expansion member 2, so that when the detection member detects that the pressure of the expansion member 2 is higher than the preset value, the injection of the expansion medium is stopped. In the second working state, the pre-tightening member 3 is tightened to pre-tighten the anchor rod 1. Specifically, the detection member is a pressure sensor and can be arranged in the expansion member 2, or the detection member is arranged outside the expansion member 2 and located between the expansion member and the grouting hole, so that the pressure of the expansion medium in the expansion member 2 is detected by the pressure sensor. The first working state is the expansion state. When the expansion member 2 is installed in the grouting hole, the expansion medium is injected into the expansion member 2 to expand the expansion member 2. When the detection member detects that the pressure in the expansion member 2 is higher than the preset value, the injection of the expansion medium is stopped. The second working state is the pre-tightening state. The pre-tightening member 3 is tightened to the right so that the pre-tightening member 3 is against the rock layer outside the grouting hole to pre-tighten the anchor rod 1.

[0033] The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an anchor rod 1, an expansion member 2, a pre-tightening member 3 and a detection member. The expansion member 2 expands in the grouting hole, so that the anchor rod 1 can be fixedly installed in the grouting hole, and the pressure in the expansion member 2 is detected in real time by the detection member. When the pressure reaches a preset value, the anchor rod 1 is pre-tightened by the pre-tightening member 3. Compared with the related technology, there is no need for personnel to install resin anchoring agents into the borehole in advance. The direct anchoring force between the anchor rod 1 and the surrounding rock is provided by the expansion member 2 of the anchor rod 1. The expansion pressure of the expansion member 2 is adjusted to adjust the size of the anchoring force to adapt to different rocks. It can quickly respond to changes on site, and the construction process is convenient, reducing the construction difficulty and time cost.

[0034] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 further includes a first positioning member 4 and a second positioning member 5, both of which are arranged on the anchor rod 1 and are spaced and arranged opposite to each other along the length direction of the anchor rod 1, and the expansion member 2 is located between the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5 and is connected to the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5, so that the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5 position the expansion member 2. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5 can both be fasteners 32 and are fixedly installed on the anchor rod 1. The first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5 are arranged relative to each other in the left-right direction, and the expansion member 2 is arranged between the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5. The expansion member 2 is positioned in the left-right direction by the first positioning member 4 and the second positioning member 5, thereby avoiding sliding or displacement of the expansion member 2 in the anchor rod 1, and limiting the dimensional change of the expansion member 2 in the left-right direction, ensuring that the expansion member 2 expands in the inside-out direction, and improving the reliability of the anchoring effect.

[0035] In some embodiments, the expansion member 2 includes an expansion body 21, a first seal 22 and a second seal 23. The expansion body 21 is inserted into the anchor rod 1. The first seal 22 and the second seal 23 are respectively arranged at both ends of the expansion body 21. The first seal 22 is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body 21 and the outer circumference of the anchor rod 1. The second seal 23 is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body 21 and the outer circumference of the anchor rod 1, so that the first seal 22 and the second seal 23 seal the expansion body 21. Specifically, as Figure 2 As shown, the expansion body 21 is made of a material with a certain elasticity (such as rubber, polyurethane, etc.) and can expand evenly when subjected to force. The first seal 22 is arranged at the right end of the expansion body 21 and the first seal 22 is penetrated on the anchor rod 1. The inner and outer sides of the first seal 22 are respectively connected to the expansion body 21 and the anchor rod 1. The second seal 23 is arranged at the left end of the expansion body 21 and the second seal 23 is penetrated on the anchor rod 1. The inner and outer sides of the second seal 23 are respectively connected to the expansion body 21 and the anchor rod 1, so that the expansion body 21 is sealed by the first seal 22 and the second seal 23, so that the inner circumferential surface of the expansion body 21 and the outer circumferential surface of the anchor rod 1 define an expansion cavity, and the expansion medium can pass into the expansion cavity.

[0036] In some embodiments, the pre-tightening member 3 includes a tray 31 and a fastener 32 .

[0037] The tray 31 is inserted into the anchor rod 1 and is movable relative to the anchor rod 1 along the length direction of the anchor rod 1. The tray 31 is suitable for abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole. Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the tray 31 is arranged on the left side of the anchor rod 1 and can be moved on the anchor rod 1 along the left and right directions. The tray 31 is located outside the grouting hole and the right side surface of the tray 31 can be against the rock layer on the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole.

[0038] The fastener 32 is passed through the anchor rod 1 and is located on the side of the tray 31 away from the expansion member 2. The fastener 32 is connected to the anchor rod 1 through a thread and the fastener 32 abuts against the tray 31. Specifically, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the fastener 32 can be a nut and is inserted into the anchor rod 1. The fastener 32 is located on the left side of the tray 31. The tray 31 is driven to move rightward by the fastener 32, so that the tray 31 is against the surrounding rock on the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole, thereby pre-tightening the anchor rod 1 and improving the anchoring effect of the anchor rod 1.

[0039] In some embodiments, the preload member 3 further includes a self-aligning ball pad 33, which is inserted into the anchor rod 1 and located between the tray 31 and the fastener 32. Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the self-aligning ball pad 33 is passed through the anchor rod 1 and is located between the tray 31 and the fastener 32. During the process of applying the preload force, the self-aligning ball pad 33 can ensure that the preload force is evenly transmitted between the anchor rod 1 and the surrounding rock, avoiding uneven preload force caused by deflection, thereby improving the preload effect. In addition, the presence of the self-aligning ball pad 33 makes the preload process more stable, reduces the preload force loss caused by poor alignment, and ensures a tight connection between the anchor rod 1 and the surrounding rock.

[0040] In some embodiments, the anchor rod 1 has a fluid channel 11, one end of the fluid channel 11 is connected to the expansion member 2, and the other end of the fluid channel 11 is suitable for passing the expansion medium. Figure 2 As shown, a fluid channel 11 extending from the left end surface of the anchor rod 1 to the right is provided in the anchor rod 1, and the right end of the fluid channel 11 is connected to the expansion member 2. The expansion medium can be injected into the expansion member 2 through the fluid channel 11 to make the expansion member 2 expand.

[0041] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 further includes a first check member 12, which is disposed in the fluid channel 11 and is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member 2 from flowing back. Figure 2 As shown, the first check member 12 is a one-way valve or a non-return valve and is arranged in the fluid channel 11, so as to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member 2 from flowing back, thereby ensuring the expansion efficiency of the expansion member 2.

[0042] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 further includes a pipe 13, which is disposed on one side of the anchor rod 1 and communicates with the expansion member 2, so that an expansion medium can be introduced into the expansion member 2 through the pipe 13. Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the expansion medium can be injected into the expansion member 2 through the pipeline 13, so that the expansion member 2 expands.

[0043] In some embodiments, the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 further includes a second check member (not shown in the figure), which is disposed in the pipe 13 and is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member 2 from flowing back. Specifically, the second check member is a one-way valve or a non-return valve and is disposed in the pipe 13, thereby preventing the expansion medium in the expansion member 2 from flowing back and ensuring the expansion efficiency of the expansion member 2.

[0044] The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes an anchor rod 1, a self-aligning ball pad 33, a tray 31, a fastener 32, an expansion member 2, a first positioning member 4, a second positioning member 5, a first sealing member 22, a second sealing member 23, a fluid channel 11, a first check member 12, and a detection member.

[0045] A tray 31 and a self-aligning ball pad 33 are sleeved on the anchor rod 1. The anchor rod 1 is connected to the fastener 32 by threads. An expansion piece 2 is arranged at one end of the anchor rod 1 away from the threads. Both ends of the expansion piece 2 are fixed to the anchor rod 1 by a first positioning piece 4 and a second positioning piece 5. The first positioning piece 4 and the second positioning piece 5 limit the change of the size of the expansion piece 2 along the direction of the anchor rod 1. After the expansion medium is filled into the expansion piece 2, under the action of the first check piece 12, the volume of the expansion piece 2 expands. After expansion, the friction force with the hole wall of the grouting hole begins to increase, producing an anchoring effect. The anchoring force between the expansion piece 2 and the surrounding rock is generated by the friction between the expansion piece 2 and the surrounding rock. The anchoring force is positively correlated with the pressure in the expansion piece 2. A first sealing piece 22 and a second sealing piece 23 are respectively arranged at both ends of the expansion piece 2, so as to prevent the leakage of high-pressure fluid entering the expansion piece 2 through the first sealing piece 22 and the second sealing piece 23, thereby affecting the anchoring effect. The fluid channel 11 can be arranged in the anchor rod 1 or outside the anchor rod 1.

[0046] The construction method of the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 is as follows: according to the relevant requirements of the tunnel support design, the anchoring force F that the anchor rod 1 should reach is determined. Before the anchor rod 1 is installed, the expansion member 2 is in a contracted state. After the drilling rig drills the hole, the external device inserts the anchor rod 1 into the borehole to the bottom of the hole. According to the set anchoring force, the maximum pressure P of the expansion member 2 is determined, and the expansion medium is pumped into the expansion member 2. The expansion medium enters the expansion member 2 through the fluid channel 11. Under the action of the first seal 22 and the second seal 23, the expansion medium gathers in the expansion member 2, so that the expansion member 2 expands and deforms after being compressed, and generates pressure on the hole wall of the grouting hole, so that the anchor rod 1 is gradually fixed in the surrounding rock to form an anchoring effect. When the expansion medium pressure in the expansion member 2 reaches the maximum pressure P, the pumping of the expansion medium is stopped; then the external construction equipment drives the fastener 32 in one direction, so that the fastener 32 moves in the direction close to the surrounding rock, and presses the tray 31 against the surrounding rock to complete the pre-tightening.

[0047] According to the present invention, before installing the anchor rod 1, there is no need for personnel to install resin anchoring agent in the borehole in advance, and the direct anchoring force between the anchor rod 1 and the surrounding rock is provided by the anchor rod 1 itself; in addition, according to different surrounding rock conditions, different sizes of anchoring forces can be adjusted by adjusting the volume and pressure of the fluid in the expansion member 2, and the construction process is convenient.

[0048] The anchor rod 1 construction method according to the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 of any one of the above embodiments, and includes steps S1 to S4.

[0049] S1: Drill holes in the tunnel to form grouting holes, and insert the anchor rod 1 into the grouting holes. Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel is drilled using an anchor rod 1 drill to form a grouting hole, and the variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod 100 is inserted into the grouting hole.

[0050] S2: introducing an expansion medium into the expansion member 2 of the anchor rod 1 to expand the expansion member 2 so that the expansion member 2 generates an anchoring force with the surrounding rock in the grouting hole. Figure 5 As shown, an expansion medium is injected into the expansion member 2 through a pump, so that the expansion member 2 expands and generates pressure on the borehole wall, so that the anchor rod 1 is gradually fixed in the surrounding rock to form an anchoring effect.

[0051] S3: When the detection element detects that the pressure in the expansion element 2 reaches a preset value, the expansion medium is stopped from being introduced. Figure 5 As shown, when the expansion medium of the expansion member 2 reaches the maximum pressure P, pumping of the expansion medium is stopped.

[0052] S4: Tighten the pre-tightening member 3 on the anchor rod 1 to pre-tighten the anchor rod 1. Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the pre-tightening member 3 is tightened to drive the pre-tightening member 3 to move to the right, and the tray 31 is pressed against the surrounding rock to complete the pre-tightening.

[0053] The anchor rod 1 construction method of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of simple steps and high construction efficiency.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0055] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0058] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod, characterized in that: include: An anchor rod, wherein the anchor rod has a first end and a second end along its length direction, and the first end of the anchor rod is suitable for being inserted into the grouting hole; An expansion member, the expansion member is arranged on the anchor rod and adjacent to the first end of the anchor rod, the expansion member is suitable for introducing an expansion medium so that the expansion member expands in the grouting hole so that the anchor rod is installed in the grouting hole; A pre-tightening member, the pre-tightening member is passed through the anchor rod and is arranged adjacent to the second end of the anchor rod, the pre-tightening member is located outside the grouting hole and is movable relative to the anchor rod along the length direction of the anchor rod, so that after the expansion member expands, the pre-tightening member abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole to pre-tighten the anchor rod; A detection member is arranged in the expansion member and is used to detect the pressure in the expansion member. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod has a first working state and a second working state. In the first working state, an expansion medium is injected into the expansion member so that when the detection member detects that the pressure of the expansion member is higher than a preset value, the injection of the expansion medium is stopped. In the second working state, the pre-tightening member is tightened to pre-tighten the anchor rod.

2. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first positioning member and a second positioning member, which are both arranged on the anchor rod and are spaced relative to each other along the length direction of the anchor rod. The expansion member is located between the first positioning member and the second positioning member and is connected to the first positioning member and the second positioning member so that the first positioning member and the second positioning member can position the expansion member.

3. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion member includes an expansion body, a first seal and a second seal. The expansion body is passed through the anchor rod. The first seal and the second seal are respectively arranged at two ends of the expansion body. The first seal is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body and the outer circumference of the anchor rod. The second seal is located between the inner circumference of the expansion body and the outer circumference of the anchor rod, so that the first seal and the second seal seal the expansion body.

4. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preload member comprises: A tray, the tray is inserted into the anchor rod and is movable relative to the anchor rod along the length direction of the anchor rod, and the tray is suitable for abutting against the outer peripheral surface of the grouting hole; A fastener is passed through the anchor rod and is located at a side of the tray away from the expansion member. The fastener is connected to the anchor rod through threads and abuts against the tray.

5. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pre-tightening member further comprises a self-aligning ball pad, which is penetrated on the anchor rod and is located between the tray and the fastener.

6. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod has a fluid channel therein, one end of the fluid channel is communicated with the expansion member, and the other end of the fluid channel is suitable for allowing expansion medium to pass through.

7. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 6, characterized in that: The device further comprises a first check member, which is arranged in the fluid channel and is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member from flowing back.

8. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pipeline, which is arranged on one side of the anchor rod and communicated with the expansion member, so that an expansion medium can be introduced into the expansion member through the pipeline.

9. The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a second check member, which is arranged in the pipeline and is used to prevent the expansion medium in the expansion member from flowing back.

10. An anchor bolt construction method, characterized in that: The variable anchoring force self-anchoring anchor rod according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: S1: drilling a tunnel to form a grouting hole, and inserting an anchor rod into the grouting hole; S2: introducing an expansion medium into the expansion member of the anchor rod to expand the expansion member so that the expansion member generates an anchoring force with the surrounding rock in the grouting hole; S3: When the detection member detects that the pressure in the expansion member reaches a preset value, the introduction of the expansion medium is stopped; S4: Tighten the pre-tightening member on the anchor rod to pre-tighten the anchor rod.

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