Fluid heating device and method for liquid rocket engine test

Abstract

The invention provides a fluid heating device and method for a liquid rocket engine test, the fluid heating device for the liquid rocket engine test comprises a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater, the steam generator is used for generating high-temperature steam and adjusting the total power; the heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange and temperature rise on a working medium to be heated and high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator and adjusting the flow of the working medium; and the electric heater is used for adjusting the temperature of the heated working medium. According to the technical scheme, in the liquid rocket engine test process, the high-pressure large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature working medium is heated, accurate temperature regulation and control are conducted, and the liquid rocket engine test device can adapt to large-range flow change and power regulation.

Description

Background Art

[0002] As a power machine with extremely high power density, harsh working conditions but high reliability requirements, liquid rocket engines and their various components need to undergo various forms of testing during the development process to ensure the performance and reliability of the components and reduce the overall development risk of the engine. For example, the thrust chamber and precombustion chamber in the liquid rocket engine need to carry out more than ten harsh liquid flow and combustion tests during the development process, which requires the supply of working fluids at a certain temperature and pressure.

[0003] For the supply of working fluid for the test, the previous engineering plan was to directly squeeze the tank of the test site, which means that the temperature of the working fluid cannot be controlled, resulting in deviations in the experimental results. With the continuous development of the performance of liquid rocket engines, including the improvement of engine working pressure, flow rate and engine circulation mode, the previous method of direct extrusion that cannot control the working fluid temperature has been difficult to meet the current needs, especially for gaseous working fluids. Due to their low density, the current tank volume is difficult to meet the extrusion time under large flow conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to supply by squeezing liquid and heating and gasifying, which may require a megawatt-level heater, but due to the limitation of the power consumption of the test bench, it is impossible to directly use a commonly used electric heater for heating. In the current engine development process, there is an urgent need for a high-power heater that can be used to heat high-pressure, large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature fluids, with low power consumption and accurate temperature regulation. In addition, there are many types of engine tests, and the working fluid flow rate and required range of variation are very large. Limited by test site factors and cost factors, the heating device is best able to meet a wide range of flow and power regulation requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a fluid heating device and method for liquid rocket engine testing, which is used to heat high-pressure and large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluid and perform precise temperature control during the liquid rocket engine test, and can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation.

[0005] In a first aspect, a fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing is provided, comprising: a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater, wherein:

[0006] The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power;

[0007] The heat exchanger is used to heat the working medium to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator and to adjust the flow rate of the working medium;

[0008] The electric heater is used to adjust the temperature of the heated working fluid.

[0009] In the above technical scheme, a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater are arranged. The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; the heat exchanger is used to heat and heat the working fluid to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and adjust the flow rate of the working fluid; the electric heater is used to regulate the temperature of the heated working fluid; during the test of the liquid rocket engine, the low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluid with high pressure and large flow is heated and the temperature is precisely controlled, and it can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator comprises a water-cooled combustion chamber, a steam generator head and a cooling water outlet manifold, wherein:

[0011] The steam generator head is used to inject fuel and oxidant and organize the preliminary mixed combustion of the fuel and oxidant, and the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant is 0.9 times the chemical equivalent ratio;

[0012] The water-cooled combustion chamber is used to organize the further mixed combustion of fuel and oxidant to form high-temperature combustion gas which is mixed with cooling water to generate steam;

[0013] The cooling water outlet collector is used to uniformly spray cooling water around the water-cooled combustion chamber.

[0014] In a specific embodiment, it is characterized in that the steam generator includes a cooling water nozzle, wherein:

[0015] The cooling water nozzle adopts a centrifugal nozzle, which is used to atomize the cooling water under the condition of low injection pressure drop.

[0016] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator comprises a mixing ring, wherein:

[0017] The mixing ring is used to mix the steam to a uniform temperature. The diameter of the mixing ring is D d D is the diameter of the water-cooled combustion chamber c 0.6-0.8 times of.

[0018] In a specific implementation scheme, the heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger, wherein a plurality of coil heat exchangers are connected in parallel to increase the maximum working fluid flow rate, and a mixer is used to evenly mix the multi-path working fluids that complete the heat exchange.

[0019] In a specific embodiment, the electric heater includes a power regulator and a temperature sensor, wherein:

[0020] The temperature sensor is used to feed back the measured temperature signal to the power regulator;

[0021] The power regulator is used to control the temperature of the working fluid.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator changes the flow rate of the high-temperature fuel gas by changing the mass flow rate of the fuel and the oxidant used for combustion, and adjusts the mass flow rate of the cooling water at the same time, and the mass flow rate of the cooling water is The mass flow rate of fuel The ratio k is 18-22, where

[0023] In a second aspect, a fluid heating method for a liquid rocket engine test is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Use steam generator to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power;

[0025] Using a heat exchanger, the working medium to be heated is heated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and the flow rate of the working medium is adjusted;

[0026] The temperature of the heated working fluid is adjusted by using an electric heater.

[0027] In the above technical scheme, a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater are arranged. The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; the heat exchanger is used to heat and heat the working fluid to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and adjust the flow rate of the working fluid; the electric heater is used to regulate the temperature of the heated working fluid; during the test of the liquid rocket engine, the low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluid with high pressure and large flow is heated and the temperature is precisely controlled, and it can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator adopts a four-stage adjustment mode for heating.

[0029] In a specific implementation scheme, when the power is lower than 50KW, the steam generator is turned off and the electric heater is used as a heating source for heating;

[0030] When the power is 50-200KW, the steam generator uses air as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating, and stops supplying cooling water;

[0031] When the power is 200-1000KW, the steam generator uses gaseous oxygen as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating;

[0032] When the power is 1000-10000KW, the steam generator uses liquid oxygen as an oxidant and kerosene or liquid methane as a fuel for heating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a steam generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial shear nozzle of a steam generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the coil heat exchangers in parallel provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rectifier in a coil heat exchanger parallel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coil heat exchanger with four heat exchange tubes provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 7 A flowchart of a fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Among them, 1. steam generator head; 2. cooling water outlet collector; 3. water-cooled combustion chamber; 4. cooling water inlet collector; 5. coil heat exchanger shell; 6. heat exchange tube; 7. power regulator; 8. temperature sensor; 9. electric heater cylinder; 10. heating tube bundle; 11. igniter; 12. oxidant inlet flange; 13. cooling water nozzle; 14. water-cooled combustion chamber cooling jacket; 15. cooling water inlet flange; 16. steam generator head bottom; 17. oxidant injection head cavity; 18. fuel Inlet flange; 19. Fuel injection head cavity; 20. Coaxial shear nozzle; 21. Oxidant channel; 22. Fuel channel; 23; Nozzle retraction chamber; 24. Flow distributor; 25. Mixer; 26. Rectifier cone; 27. Rectifier first inlet; 28. Rectifier outlet; 29. ​​Rectifier second inlet; 30. Rectifier third inlet; 31. Mixing ring; 32. Electric heater cylinder outlet flange; 33. Electric heater cylinder inlet flange; 34. Working fluid outlet collector; 35. Working fluid inlet collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present application is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the characteristics and advantages of the present application will become clearer and more specific.

[0042] The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise noted.

[0043] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0044] In order to facilitate the understanding of the fluid heating device and method for liquid rocket engine testing provided in the embodiment of the present application, its application scenario is first explained. The fluid heating device and method for liquid rocket engine testing provided in the embodiment of the present application are used to heat high-pressure and large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluids and perform precise temperature control during the liquid rocket engine test, and can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation. As a power machinery with extremely high capacity density, harsh working conditions but high reliability requirements, liquid rocket engines and their various components need to undergo various forms of testing during the development process to ensure the performance and reliability of the components and reduce the overall development risk of the engine. For example, the thrust chamber and precombustion chamber in the liquid rocket engine need to carry out more than ten kinds of harsh liquid flow and combustion tests during the development process, which requires the supply of working fluids at a certain temperature and pressure. For the supply of working fluids for the test, the previous engineering plan was to directly squeeze the tank of the test site, which meant that the temperature of the working fluid could not be controlled, resulting in deviations in the experimental results. With the continuous development of liquid rocket engine performance, including the increase of engine working pressure and flow rate and the improvement of engine circulation mode, the previous method of direct extrusion that cannot control the temperature of the working fluid has been difficult to meet the current needs, especially for gaseous working fluids. Due to their low density, the current tank volume under large flow conditions is difficult to meet the extrusion time. Therefore, it is necessary to supply by extruding liquid and heating and gasifying it, which may require a megawatt-level power heater, but due to the limitation of the power consumption of the test bench, it is impossible to directly use a common electric heater for heating. In the current engine development process, there is an urgent need for a high-power heater that can be used to heat high-pressure, large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature fluids, with low power consumption and accurate temperature regulation. In addition, there are many types of engine tests, and the working fluid flow rate and the required range of variation are very large. Due to the limitations of test site factors and cost factors, the heating device is preferably able to meet a wide range of flow and power regulation requirements. For this reason, the embodiment of the present application provides a fluid heating device and method for liquid rocket engine testing, so as to heat high-pressure, large-flow low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluids and perform accurate temperature regulation during the liquid rocket engine test process, and can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation. The following is a detailed description of the embodiment in conjunction with specific drawings.

[0045] refer to Figures 1 to 7 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a steam generator provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial shear nozzle of a steam generator provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the coil heat exchangers in parallel provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rectifier in a coil heat exchanger parallel structure provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coil heat exchanger with four heat exchange tubes provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A flowchart of a fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present application, a fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing is provided, comprising: a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater, wherein:

[0047] The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power;

[0048] The heat exchanger is used to heat the working medium to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator and to adjust the flow rate of the working medium;

[0049] The electric heater is used to adjust the temperature of the heated working fluid.

[0050] In the above technical scheme, a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater are arranged. The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; the heat exchanger is used to heat and heat the working fluid to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and adjust the flow rate of the working fluid; the electric heater is used to regulate the temperature of the heated working fluid; during the test of the liquid rocket engine, the low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluid with high pressure and large flow is heated and the temperature is precisely controlled, and it can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator comprises a water-cooled combustion chamber, a steam generator head and a cooling water outlet manifold, wherein:

[0052] The steam generator head is used to inject fuel and oxidant and organize the preliminary mixed combustion of the fuel and oxidant, and the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant is 0.9 times the chemical equivalent ratio;

[0053] The water-cooled combustion chamber is used to organize the further mixed combustion of fuel and oxidant to form high-temperature combustion gas which is mixed with cooling water to generate steam;

[0054] The cooling water outlet collector is used to uniformly spray cooling water around the water-cooled combustion chamber.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, it is characterized in that the steam generator includes a cooling water nozzle, wherein:

[0056] The cooling water nozzle adopts a centrifugal nozzle, which is used to atomize the cooling water under the condition of low injection pressure drop.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator comprises a mixing ring, wherein:

[0058] The mixing ring is used to mix the steam to a uniform temperature. The diameter of the mixing ring is D d D is the diameter of the water-cooled combustion chamber c 0.6-0.8 times of.

[0059] In a specific implementation scheme, the heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger, wherein a plurality of coil heat exchangers are connected in parallel to increase the maximum working fluid flow rate, and a mixer is used to evenly mix the multi-path working fluids that complete the heat exchange.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the electric heater includes a power regulator and a temperature sensor, wherein:

[0061] The temperature sensor is used to feed back the measured temperature signal to the power regulator;

[0062] The power regulator is used to control the temperature of the working fluid.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator changes the flow rate of the high-temperature fuel gas by changing the mass flow rate of the fuel and the oxidant used for combustion, and adjusts the mass flow rate of the cooling water at the same time, and the mass flow rate of the cooling water is The mass flow rate of fuel The ratio k is 18-22, where

[0064] Specifically, the fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing includes a steam generator, a coil heat exchanger, an electric heater, and connecting pipes, cables, and regulating elements. The steam generator generates high-temperature steam of about 1000K, which enters the downstream coil heat exchanger to heat the heat exchange tubes inside the coil heat exchanger. The working fluid to be heated is passed from the supply device into the heat exchange tubes installed inside the coil heat exchanger and is heat exchanged by the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator. After being heated to a temperature slightly lower than the target temperature, it is passed into the electric heater for precise temperature adjustment. After the working fluid is heated to the target temperature, a working fluid that meets the test requirements can be obtained. Specifically:

[0065] The power supply of the liquid rocket engine test site is limited, and it is difficult to directly use electric heating to heat the working fluid to the target temperature. To solve this problem, a steam generator is used as the heating source and provides the main heating power. The steam generator includes a steam generator head, an igniter, a water-cooled combustion chamber, a cooling water inlet collector, a cooling water outlet collector, a mixing ring and other components.

[0066] The working mode of the steam generator is as follows: the fuel and oxidant are sprayed out through the nozzle of the steam generator head, and ignited by the igniter in the center of the steam generator head to form high-temperature combustion gas. The high-temperature combustion gas is mixed with the cooling water that has cooled the wall of the water-cooled combustion chamber and sprayed from the vicinity of the steam generator head to form high-temperature water vapor, which is mixed by the mixing ring and then passed into the coil heat exchanger. The advantage of using cooling water is that the cooling water plays a role in cooling the wall and preventing ablation in the process of flowing from the bottom of the water-cooled combustion chamber to the upstream; the cooling water heats up along the way, and the temperature is higher before spraying, making it easier to atomize and mix; after spraying, it mixes with the high-temperature combustion gas to form steam, which increases the flow of the heat exchange medium, reduces the temperature of the heat exchange medium and avoids the downstream structure being ablated by the high-temperature combustion gas.

[0067] The function of the cooling water outlet collector is to ensure uniform injection of cooling water within the circumference of the water-cooled combustion chamber. The cooling water nozzle adopts a centrifugal nozzle, the purpose of which is to efficiently atomize the cooling water under low injection pressure drop to reduce the power demand of the cooling water supply pump. The purpose of using a mixing ring is to further mix the steam to a uniform temperature to avoid ablation of downstream structures caused by excessively high local temperatures and reduced efficiency of the coil heat exchanger caused by excessively low local temperatures.

[0068] The steam generator not only provides the main heating power, but also has the function of regulating the heating power. The steam generator changes the flow rate of high-temperature gas by changing the mass flow rate of the fuel and oxidant used for combustion, and also needs to adjust the mass flow rate of the cooling water supplied at the same time. The ratio of the mass flow rate of the oxidant to the fuel is called the mixing ratio r cc , r ccThe purpose of being slightly lower than the chemical equivalence ratio is to prevent the combustion temperature from being too high and burning the steam generator head, and to prevent the oxygen-rich environment from oxidizing and corroding the equipment. Since the fuel and oxidant need to be ejected from the nozzle at a certain speed, the power variation range of the steam generator is too large, which will cause the nozzle outlet speed under low working conditions to be lower than the working range. In order to improve this problem, the steam generator described in this application adopts a four-stage adjustment mode, shutting down the steam generator at extremely low power, using gaseous fuel and air for combustion at low power, using gaseous fuel and gaseous oxidant for combustion at medium power, and using liquid fuel and liquid oxidant for combustion at high power. By adjusting the flow rate of fuel and oxidant, the steam generator can generate a power in the range of 50KW-10000KW, which is sufficient to meet the requirements of most test tasks.

[0069] According to the test requirements of liquid rocket engines, the heat exchanger needs to meet higher pressure and flow requirements, and a coil heat exchanger is used for heat exchange. The coil heat exchanger includes heat exchange tubes, working fluid inlet collectors, working fluid outlet collectors and other components. The main heat exchange structure of the coil heat exchanger is composed of multiple heat exchange tubes, and a single heat exchange tube can meet the requirements of 25MPa pressure and 0.2-0.5Kg / s flow. The coil heat exchanger is connected to the water-cooled combustion chamber of the upstream steam generator through the steam inlet flange. After the steam generated by the steam generator enters the coil heat exchanger, it acts as a heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the working fluid in the heat exchange tube, and is directly discharged from the outlet of the coil heat exchanger to the outside. The working fluid to be heated enters the working fluid inlet collector and flows into multiple heat exchange tubes. After heat exchange, it flows into the working fluid outlet collector and passes into the electric heater. The number of heat exchange tubes is n. In order to meet the maximum flow demand of the coil heat exchanger and consider the structural limitations of the coil heat exchanger, n is generally 2-4, and the corresponding maximum flow rate of the working fluid of the coil heat exchanger is 1-2Kg / s.

[0070] The coil heat exchanger can adjust the flow rate and heat exchange power of the working fluid at the same time. For a coil heat exchanger with four heat exchange tubes, by blocking some of the heat exchange tubes, the flow adjustment range of a single coil heat exchanger can be expanded to 0.2-2Kg / s. If the output power of the steam generator remains unchanged, the effective heat exchange power of the heat exchanger will change in the same proportion. For heat exchangers with larger flow rates, three coil heat exchangers can be connected in parallel to increase the maximum working fluid flow rate to 6Kg / s. If multiple coil heat exchangers are connected in parallel, the working fluid flowing out of each coil heat exchanger needs to enter the mixer for mixing. The purpose of using the mixer is to make the working fluid temperature entering the electric heater uniform and reduce the power loss of the electric heater.

[0071] Liquid rocket engine tests require a certain temperature of the working fluid. Temperature deviation will lead to errors in the test results. However, the temperature regulation accuracy of the coil heat exchanger is very poor, so an electric heater is used for precise temperature regulation. The electric heater includes components such as a power regulator, an electric heater barrel, an electric heating tube bundle, and an outlet temperature sensor. The working fluid flowing out of the working fluid outlet collector of the coil heat exchanger enters the electric heater barrel through the inlet flange of the electric heater barrel. The electric heating tube bundle goes deep into the electric heater barrel to heat the working fluid. The heated working fluid is output through the outlet flange of the electric heater barrel. There is a temperature sensor for measuring temperature downstream of the outlet flange of the electric heater barrel. The temperature sensor feeds back the measured temperature signal to the power regulator to achieve precise temperature control. The temperature control error is about ±1K. For very small power heating requirements, stopping the steam generator and making the electric heater the only heating source can achieve heating power requirements within 50KW.

[0072] refer to Figures 1 to 6 The fuel and oxidant enter the fuel injection head cavity 19 and the oxidant injection head cavity 17 inside the steam generator head 1 from the fuel inlet flange 18 and the oxidant inlet flange 12 of the steam generator head 1, respectively. The two head cavities are separated by the middle bottom 16 of the steam generator head, and are respectively ejected through the fuel channel 22 and the oxidant channel 21 of the coaxial shear nozzle 20 to the nozzle retract chamber 23 for pre-mixing, and then enter the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 for secondary mixing and combustion to form high-temperature combustion gas. During the startup of the steam generator, the igniter 11 at the center of the steam generator head 1 is used for ignition. The igniter 11 can be a spark plug igniter or a torch igniter according to the required ignition energy.

[0073] The side wall of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 is a double-layer structure with a hollow interlayer, forming a water-cooled combustion chamber cooling jacket 14. There is a hollow cavity at the top of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 as a cooling water outlet collector 2, and a cooling water nozzle 13 is installed on the inner wall of the top periphery of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3. The cooling water enters the cooling water inlet collector 4 from the cooling water inlet flange 15 at the bottom of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3, and flows upward along the water-cooled combustion chamber cooling jacket 14 on the side wall of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 to prevent the wall from being burned. The cooling water finally enters the cooling water outlet collector 2 at the top of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 and is sprayed out through the cooling water nozzle 13. The sprayed cooling water is atomized by the water-cooled combustion chamber nozzle 13 and mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the steam generator head 1 to form steam with a lower temperature. The steam is mixed by the mixing ring 31 and then passes into the coil heat exchanger shell 5 and heats the heat exchange tube 6. The diameter of the mixing ring 31 is D d The diameter D of the water-cooled combustion chamber 3 c The purpose is to ensure the quality of steam mixing and prevent excessive pressure loss.

[0074] Cooling water mass flow The mass flow rate of fuel The ratio k is 18-22, where The purpose is to ensure that the generated steam temperature is close to 1000K, which not only achieves higher heat transfer efficiency but also prevents erosion of downstream steam devices. Total power of steam generated Wherein, T1 is the steam temperature output by the steam generator, which is about 1000K; T2 is the steam temperature discharged after the heat exchange is completed, and T2>350K to prevent frost and ice in the heat exchanger and prevent the heat exchange efficiency from being too low; C p is the specific heat of water / water vapor at constant pressure; q w is the latent heat of vaporization of water, but when T2>375.15K, q w =0.

[0075] The overall output power of the steam generator is adjusted by adjusting the flow of fuel and oxidant supplied to the steam generator head. According to the different output powers, the types and characteristics of fuel and oxidant are adjusted in four levels. The scheme is as follows: 1) When the power is lower than 50KW, the steam generator is directly shut down and the electric heater is used as the only heating source. 2) 50-200KW low-power operation, air is used as the oxidant, and natural gas and other gaseous combustibles are used as fuel. At this time, the cooling water supply is stopped; 3) 200-1000KW medium-power operation, gaseous oxygen is used as the oxidant, and natural gas and other gaseous combustibles are used as fuel; 4) 1000-10000KW high-power operation, liquid oxygen is used as the oxidant, and kerosene or liquid methane is used as fuel. The reason for using gaseous fuel and oxidant at low power and medium power is that the density of the gas is low, and the oxidant and fuel can ensure the volume flow rate and injection speed within a reasonable range when the mass flow rate is small; the purpose of using air as an oxidant at low power is to reduce the temperature and heat release power of the combustion gas generated; the reason for using liquid oxygen and kerosene or liquid methane at high power is to obtain higher energy density, and liquid oxygen and kerosene or liquid methane are very easy to supply at the test site.

[0076] The coil heat exchanger contains four heat exchange tubes 6. According to the actual required flow rate, each heat exchange tube 6 can be blocked separately to reduce the total flow rate of the coil heat exchanger, so that the flow rate variation range of the coil heat exchanger is expanded to 0.2-2Kg / s. The working fluid flow entering each heat exchange tube is distributed through the working fluid inlet collector 35, and the working fluid heated from each heat exchange tube flows into the working fluid outlet collector 34 and then output to the electric heater.

[0077] When the working medium flow exceeds 2Kg / s, the flow requirement can be met by connecting multiple coil heat exchangers in parallel. The working medium first enters the flow distributor 24 to evenly distribute the flow to each coil heat exchanger before entering the working medium inlet collector 35 of the coil heat exchanger. The working medium that has completed heat exchange in each coil heat exchanger is passed into the blender 25, mixed by the rectifying cone 26 inside the blender 25, and then passed into the electric heater from the rectifier outlet 28.

[0078] The working medium heated by the coil heat exchanger is passed into the inlet flange 33 of the electric heater cylinder, and is discharged from the outlet flange 32 of the electric heater cylinder after being heated by the heating tube bundle 10 in the electric heater cylinder 9 and reaching the required temperature, thus completing the complete heating process. A temperature sensor 8 is installed downstream of the outlet flange 32 of the electric heater cylinder, and transmits the signal to the power regulator 7, thereby changing the power of the heating tube bundle 10 and realizing feedback regulation, so that the final temperature of the working medium is automatically adjusted near the target temperature.

[0079] In the above technical solution, the working fluid flow is large, the power is high but the power supply requirement is low, a wide range of power and flow regulation can be performed, the heating temperature can be accurately controlled, and the applicability is wide; specifically:

[0080] 1. High power and large flow rate: A large amount of high-temperature combustion gas generated by the steam generator is used for heat exchange with the coil heat exchanger. The maximum allowable heat exchange power is high and the maximum flow rate of the heated working fluid is large, which can meet the power and flow requirements of most tests of liquid rocket engines.

[0081] 2. It can easily and accurately control the temperature: After the working fluid is heated by the heat exchanger, it is heated by a smaller power electric heater and the power of the electric heater is adjusted through feedback to accurately control the temperature. Compared with the coil heat exchanger to adjust the combustion power, its temperature control is more accurate, quick and simple.

[0082] 3. Wide range of flow and power variations: By flexibly adjusting the heat exchanger structure, such as connecting multiple heat exchangers in parallel, it can adapt to a wide range of flow requirements, and through multi-stage power adjustment, it can adapt to a wide range of power requirements.

[0083] 4. Strong applicability: Since the coil heat exchanger and the electric heater are both highly applicable and can withstand higher working pressures, the present invention is applicable to most low-temperature and normal-temperature fluid working media under high and low pressures, including liquids and gases.

[0084] 5. Low requirements for the test site: Since the coil heat exchanger bears most of the power output and the electric heater only performs the final temperature control, the electricity demand is relatively small. Since the flow rate and power variation range of the present invention is large, there is no need to establish additional heating devices of other power levels, which will not bring additional burden to the test site.

[0085] exist Figure 7 In the embodiment of the present application, a fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0086] Use steam generator to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power;

[0087] Using a heat exchanger, the working medium to be heated is heated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and the flow rate of the working medium is adjusted;

[0088] The temperature of the heated working fluid is adjusted by using an electric heater.

[0089] In the above technical scheme, a steam generator, a heat exchanger and an electric heater are arranged. The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; the heat exchanger is used to heat and heat the working fluid to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and adjust the flow rate of the working fluid; the electric heater is used to regulate the temperature of the heated working fluid; during the test of the liquid rocket engine, the low-temperature / normal-temperature working fluid with high pressure and large flow is heated and the temperature is precisely controlled, and it can adapt to a wide range of flow changes and power regulation.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the steam generator adopts a four-stage adjustment mode for heating.

[0091] In a specific implementation scheme, when the power is lower than 50KW, the steam generator is turned off and the electric heater is used as a heating source for heating;

[0092] When the power is 50-200KW, the steam generator uses air as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating, and stops supplying cooling water;

[0093] When the power is 200-1000KW, the steam generator uses gaseous oxygen as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating;

[0094] When the power is 1000-10000KW, the steam generator uses liquid oxygen as an oxidant and kerosene or liquid methane as a fuel for heating.

[0095] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application may be implemented as a system, method or computer program product.

[0096] Therefore, the present disclosure may be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: it may be completely hardware, it may be completely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or it may be a combination of hardware and software, generally referred to herein as a "circuit", "module" or "system". In addition, in some embodiments, the present application may also be implemented in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, and the computer-readable medium may contain computer-readable program code.

[0097] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media can be used. Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example, but not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices or devices, or any combination of the above. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above. In this document, computer-readable storage media can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program, which can be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or device.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. A person of ordinary skill in the art can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application. On this basis, a variety of replacements and improvements can be made to the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing, characterized in that: include: Steam generator, heat exchanger and electric heater, wherein: The steam generator is used to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; The heat exchanger is used to heat the working medium to be heated with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator and to adjust the flow rate of the working medium; The electric heater is used to adjust the temperature of the heated working fluid.

2. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam generator comprises a water-cooled combustion chamber, a steam generator head and a cooling water outlet manifold, wherein: The steam generator head is used to inject fuel and oxidant and organize the preliminary mixed combustion of the fuel and oxidant, and the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidant is 0.9 times the chemical equivalent ratio; The water-cooled combustion chamber is used to organize the further mixed combustion of fuel and oxidant to form high-temperature combustion gas which is mixed with cooling water to generate steam; The cooling water outlet collector is used to uniformly spray cooling water around the water-cooled combustion chamber.

3. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steam generator includes a cooling water nozzle, wherein The cooling water nozzle adopts a centrifugal nozzle, which is used to atomize the cooling water under the condition of low injection pressure drop.

4. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steam generator comprises a mixing ring, wherein: The mixing ring is used to mix the steam to a uniform temperature. The diameter of the mixing ring is D d D is the diameter of the water-cooled combustion chamber c 0.6-0.8 times of.

5. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchanger is a coil heat exchanger, wherein a plurality of coil heat exchangers are connected in parallel to increase the maximum working fluid flow rate, and a mixer is used to evenly mix the multi-path working fluids that complete the heat exchange.

6. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electric heater includes a power regulator and a temperature sensor, wherein: The temperature sensor is used to feed back the measured temperature signal to the power regulator; The power regulator is used to control the temperature of the working fluid.

7. The fluid heating device for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steam generator changes the flow rate of high-temperature fuel gas by changing the mass flow rate of fuel and oxidant used for combustion, and adjusts the mass flow rate of cooling water at the same time. The mass flow rate of fuel The ratio k is 18-22, where 8. A fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Use steam generator to generate high-temperature steam and adjust the total power; Using a heat exchanger, the working medium to be heated is heated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature steam generated by the steam generator, and the flow rate of the working medium is adjusted; The temperature of the heated working fluid is adjusted by using an electric heater.

9. The fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steam generator adopts a four-stage adjustment mode for heating.

10. The fluid heating method for liquid rocket engine testing according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the power is lower than 50KW, the steam generator is turned off and the electric heater is used as a heating source for heating; When the power is 50-200KW, the steam generator uses air as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating, and stops supplying cooling water; When the power is 200-1000KW, the steam generator uses gaseous oxygen as an oxidant and gaseous combustibles as fuel for heating; When the power is 1000-10000KW, the steam generator uses liquid oxygen as an oxidant and kerosene or liquid methane as a fuel for heating.

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