A method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array, which calculates the percentage of amplitude deviation and phase deviation values of all uplink / downlink of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array at one time by using the measured complex radiation pattern / measured complex reception pattern, and determines the amplitude-phase deviation of a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array by using the amplitude-phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays or all one-dimensional conformal arrays. Compared with the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement methods, calibrating the radiation pattern / reception pattern by using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method is a direct calibration method for the radiation pattern / reception pattern. Since the measured radiation pattern / measured reception pattern includes the influence of the mutual coupling effect between antenna elements, the formed radiation pattern / reception pattern has a small deviation from the desired radiation pattern / reception pattern, and the method has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, low measurement cost, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of digital phased array calibration measurement, and in particular to a method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array. Background Art

[0002] The digital phased array uses the digital beamforming (DBF) algorithm to form a transmission pattern by performing complex weighting on the complex digital baseband transmission signal input for each uplink, and forms a reception pattern by performing complex weighting on the complex digital baseband reception signal output for each downlink. Figure 1 Each antenna unit of a digital phased array is connected to an uplink and a downlink through a duplexer. Due to the consistency differences in signal processing of each uplink / downlink, such as the consistency differences in signal transmission line length and various component performance, all digital phased arrays must be calibrated and measured for the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink before leaving the factory. The measured amplitude and phase deviations are used to calibrate the complex digital baseband transmit signal input to each uplink / the complex digital baseband receive signal output by each downlink to obtain a high-precision transmit pattern / receive pattern.

[0003] The main purpose of measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array is to calibrate the transmit / receive pattern. Existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement methods require separate measurements for each uplink / downlink. Due to the large number of antenna elements in a digital phased array, existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement methods require a significant amount of measurement time, resulting in low measurement efficiency and high measurement costs. More importantly, existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement methods determine the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the transmit / receive signal corresponding to each antenna element. Using existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement methods to calibrate the transmit / receive pattern is an indirect calibration method for the transmit / receive pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between antenna elements, the calibrated transmit / receive pattern deviates significantly from the desired transmit / receive pattern. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array, which uses the measured complex transmission pattern / measured complex receiving pattern to measure the amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array. Figure 1 The amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array are calculated one-time. Compared with the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the complex digital baseband transmission signal / complex digital baseband reception signal is calibrated using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method. The transmission pattern / reception pattern formed thereby has a smaller deviation from the expected transmission pattern / reception pattern. The method also has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, and low measurement cost.

[0005] A method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array. The technical solution is as follows: Each antenna unit of the digital phased array is respectively connected to a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer. Each uplink includes a complex digital baseband transmit signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and the antenna unit connected in sequence. Each downlink includes the antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and an analog radio frequency signal converter connected in sequence. The antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation based on the uplink of the digital phased array, set the complex digital baseband transmit signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array and keep it unchanged during a single measurement. Start the transmit system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. The complex digital baseband transmit signal is output as an analog radio frequency signal through the complex digital baseband transmit signal converter. The analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna unit through the power amplifier and the duplexer. Measure the complex transmit pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and then calculate the complex transmit pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array. Use the complex transmit pattern of the array factor to calculate the measured complex digital baseband transmit signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Use the measured complex digital baseband transmit signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and the phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation based on the downlink of the digital phased array, set an analog radio frequency signal transmitter in the far field directly in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog radio frequency signal transmitter emits an analog radio frequency signal and keeps it unchanged during a single measurement. Start the receive system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Measure the complex receive pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and then calculate the complex receive pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array. Use the complex receive pattern of the array factor to calculate the measured complex digital baseband receive signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Use the measured complex digital baseband receive signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and the phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Determine the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays included in the two-dimensional planar array, and determine the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional conformal arrays included in the two-dimensional conformal array. The specific method for measuring the amplitude-phase deviation is as follows:

[0006] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array uses a one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmit pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and the measurement rounds are represented by i = 1, 2... I; during the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmit signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set as where n represents the serial numbers of the uplink and antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe direction of the transmit pattern set during the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmit signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmit signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and S i (u) represents the complex transmit pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex transmit pattern of the one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex transmit pattern of the antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array; F i (u) and its translation function F i (u - 2π) added together to obtain the function is represented by , and the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0007] The measured complex digital baseband transmit signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement is calculated through the following algorithm:

[0008]

[0009] where is 's sampling sequence, and m represents the discrete independent variable;

[0010] The amplitude deviation percentage Δa u (n), n = 0, 1... N - 1 and the phase deviation value are calculated through the following algorithm:

[0011]

[0012] where | | represents the modulus of a complex number, represents 's phase, and the unit of is in radians.

[0013] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, with i = 1, 2... I representing the measurement rounds; during the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as where n represents the uplink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional conformal array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe direction of the set radiation pattern during the i-th measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, Δd ni is the distance difference between the n-th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n-th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ i direction, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmission signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, and S i (u) represents the complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex radiation pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array; F i (u) and its translation function F i (u - 2π) added together to obtain the function is represented by , and the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0014] The measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement is calculated through the following algorithm:

[0015]

[0016] The amplitude deviation percentage of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array and the phase deviation value are calculated through the following algorithm:

[0017]

[0018] where represents the phase of The unit is radian.

[0019] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction when viewed horizontally; when L≤N, measure the complex radiation patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction respectively, and use Equation (1) to calculate the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (2) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array; when L>N, measure the complex radiation patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction respectively, and use Equation (1) to calculate the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (2) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, where l = 0, 1…L-1, n = 0, 1…N-1.

[0020] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, construct a virtual two-dimensional planar array based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional planar array is composed of L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction when viewed horizontally; when L≤N, measure the complex radiation patterns of the L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction respectively, and use Equation (3) to calculate the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array, and use Equation (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array; when L>N, measure the complex radiation patterns of the N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction respectively, and use Equation (3) to calculate the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array, and use Equation (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array, where l = 0, 1…L-1, n = 0, 1…N-1.

[0021] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, perform I measurements on the complex reception pattern of the one-dimensional linear array, and use i = 1, 2…I to represent the measurement rounds; use R i (u) to represent the complex reception pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, Let λ be the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal transmitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, and θ be the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array. The value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then the complex receiving direction pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex receiving direction pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array; G i (u) and its translation function G i (u - 2π) added together to obtain a function denoted by . Limiting the value range of u to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0022] The measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement is calculated by the following algorithm:

[0023]

[0024] where is 's sampling sequence, m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, and n represents the downlink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional linear array;

[0025] The amplitude deviation percentage Δa d (n) of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array, n = 0, 1…N - 1 and the phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm:

[0026]

[0027] where represents 's phase, is in radians.

[0028] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array uses a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving direction pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, with i = 1, 2…I representing the measurement rounds; using R i (u) to represent the complex receiving direction pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal transmitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then the complex receiving direction pattern of the array factor of the virtual one-dimensional linear array where \(E(u)\) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna element; \(G\) i (u) and its translation function \(G\) i (u - 2\pi)\) added together to obtain the function is denoted by denoted, and the value range of \(u\) is limited to the interval \([0, 2\pi)\), then

[0029] the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the \(n\)th downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array at the \(i\)th measurement is calculated by the following algorithm:

[0030]

[0031] where \(\Delta d\) n is the distance difference between the \(n\)th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the \(n\)th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the \(\theta\) direction, \(N\) is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional conformal array, and \(n\) represents the downlink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional conformal array;

[0032] The amplitude deviation percentage of the \(n\)th downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and the phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm:

[0033]

[0034] where represents the phase of, and the unit of is radians.

[0035] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array consists of \(L\) transverse one-dimensional linear arrays when viewed horizontally and \(N\) longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays when viewed vertically; when \(L\leq N\), the complex receiving patterns of the \(L\) transverse one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the amplitude deviation percentage of the downlink corresponding to the antenna element at the \(l\)th row and \(n\)th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (5), and the phase deviation value of the downlink corresponding to the antenna element at the \(l\)th row and \(n\)th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (6); when \(L > N\), the complex receiving patterns of the \(N\) longitudinal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the amplitude deviation percentage of the downlink corresponding to the antenna element at the \(n\)th column and \(l\)th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (5), and the phase deviation value of the downlink corresponding to the antenna element at the \(n\)th column and \(l\)th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (6), where \(l = 0, 1,\cdots,L - 1\) and \(n = 0, 1,\cdots,N - 1\).

[0036] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional planar array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional planar array consists of L transverse virtual one-dimensional linear arrays when viewed horizontally and N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays when viewed vertically; when L≤N, measure the complex receiving pattern of the L transverse virtual one-dimensional linear arrays respectively, and use Equation (7) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array, and use Equation (8) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array; when L>N, measure the complex receiving pattern of the N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays respectively, and use Equation (7) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (8) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array, where l = 0, 1…L - 1, n = 0, 1…N - 1.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array:

[0038] 1. Existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement methods need to measure each uplink / each downlink separately, resulting in long measurement time, low measurement efficiency, and high measurement cost; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method can calculate the percentage of amplitude deviation and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array at one time by using the measured complex transmission pattern / measured complex receiving pattern, and has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, and low measurement cost.

[0039] 2. As described in the background technology, using the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmission pattern / receiving pattern is an indirect calibration method of the transmission pattern / receiving pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between antenna elements, the calibrated transmission pattern / receiving pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmission pattern / receiving pattern; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method directly calculates the amplitude-phase deviation of each uplink / each downlink by using the measured transmission pattern / measured receiving pattern. Using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmission pattern / receiving pattern is a direct calibration method of the transmission pattern / receiving pattern. Since the measured transmission pattern / measured receiving pattern contains the influence of the mutual coupling effect between antenna elements, the calibrated transmission pattern / receiving pattern deviates less from the expected transmission pattern / receiving pattern. Description of the Drawings

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. The drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0041] Figure 1 Digital phased array and its signal processing flowchart;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of a one-dimensional linear array;

[0043] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional planar array. Specific implementation manners

[0044] The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. The following only describes some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] A method for measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array, referring to Figure 1, each antenna element of the digital phased array is respectively connected to a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer. Each uplink includes a complex digital baseband transmit signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and the antenna element connected in sequence. The complex digital baseband transmit signal converter converts the complex digital baseband transmit signal into an analog radio frequency signal. Refer to the "complex digital baseband transmit signal converter" described in Patent Application No. 2024114624466. Each downlink includes an antenna element, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, and an analog radio frequency signal converter connected in sequence. The analog radio frequency signal converter converts the analog radio frequency signal output by the LNA into a complex digital baseband receive signal. Refer to the "analog radio frequency signal converter" described in Patent Application No. 2024114624466; the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is implemented based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array;When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, set the complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array and keep it unchanged during a single measurement. Start the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array and turn off the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array. (When the antenna array uses a two-dimensional planar array or two-dimensional conformal array, first turn off all the transmission systems and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or two-dimensional conformal array, and then start the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array to be measured.) The complex digital baseband transmission signal is output as an analog RF signal through a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter. The analog RF signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna element through a power amplifier and a duplexer. Use existing technologies to measure the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array. For example, in a microwave anechoic chamber, set an analog RF signal receiver in the far field directly in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog RF signal receiver converts the received analog RF signal into a first complex digital baseband signal. The analog RF signal receiver refers to the "analog RF signal converter" described in Patent Application No. 2024114624466. Rotate the antenna array so that the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array scans from -90° to 90° successively. Measure the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array by recording the first complex digital baseband signal received by the analog RF signal receiver at each rotation angle. Then calculate the complex radiation pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array. Use the complex radiation pattern of the array factor to calculate the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array. Use the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array;When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the complex receiving pattern of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array is measured using the existing technology. For example, in a microwave anechoic chamber, an analog RF signal transmitter is set in the far field directly in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog RF signal transmitter emits an analog RF signal and keeps it unchanged during a single measurement. The receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array is a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, first turn off all the transmitting and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array, and then start the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured). The analog RF signal received by each antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array outputs a complex digital baseband received signal through the downlink. All the complex digital baseband received signals are added to obtain the second complex digital baseband signal received by the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. The antenna array is rotated so that the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array scans from -90° to 90° successively. The complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the second complex digital baseband signal received at each rotation angle. Then, the complex receiving pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated. The measured complex digital baseband received signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is calculated using the complex receiving pattern of the array factor. The amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the measured complex digital baseband received signal. The amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays included in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional conformal arrays included in the two-dimensional conformal array. The specific method for measuring the amplitude-phase deviation is as follows:;

[0046] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array is a one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmitting pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i = 1, 2...I represents the measurement rounds; Refer to Figure 2 , at the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmitting signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set as where n represents the uplink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional linear array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe direction of the transmitting pattern set at the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmitting signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmitting signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and Si (u) represents the complex emission direction pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kd sinθ is the spatial stepped phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then, the array factor complex emission direction pattern of the one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex emission direction pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array; F i (u) and its translation function F i (u - 2π) added together to obtain a function represented by It is stipulated that the value range of u is in the interval [0, 2π). Then

[0047] Using to represent the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement. Then The calculation formula of is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Performing discretization processing to obtain the following relationship:

[0050]

[0051] where DFT represents the discrete Fourier transform, is the sampling sequence of, and m represents the discrete independent variable;

[0052] According to the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the calculation formula of is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Using to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array u (n), n = 0, 1…N - 1 and the phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] where | | represents the modulus of a complex number, represents the phase of, The unit of is in radians;

[0057] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I = 1 measurement is performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set the θ in i is θ1 = 0°, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated respectively using Equations (1) and (2);

[0058] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I = 3 measurements are performed. The complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set the θ in i are θ1 = -30°, θ2 = 0°, and θ3 = 30° respectively. The amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated respectively using Equations (1) and (2).

[0059] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array uses a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and I measurements are performed on the complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array. Let i = 1, 2...I represent the measurement rounds; during the ith measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as where n represents the uplink and antenna element serial number of the one-dimensional conformal array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe direction of the radiation pattern set during the ith measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, Δd ni is the distance difference between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ i direction, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmission signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter. Let S i (u) represent the complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained during the ith measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial progressive phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then the array factor complex radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex radiation pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array; F i (u) and its translation function F i (u - 2π) added together to obtain the function is represented by , and the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π). Then

[0060] Use Denote the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array at the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula of

[0061]

[0062] For Discretization processing is performed to obtain the following relationship:

[0063]

[0064] According to the IDFT, the calculation formula of is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Using calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and the phase deviation value of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Where represents phase of, The unit of is radians;

[0069] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I = 1 measurement is performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set in which θ i is θ1 = 0°, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively;

[0070] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I = 3 measurements are performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set in which θ i are θ1 = -30°, θ2 = 0°, and θ3 = 30° respectively, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively.

[0071] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array uses a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3, when viewed horizontally, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontally one-dimensional linear arrays, and when viewed vertically, it is composed of N vertically one-dimensional linear arrays; when L ≤ N, the complex radiation patterns of the L horizontally one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (2); when L > N, the complex radiation patterns of the N vertically one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (2), where l = 0, 1…L - 1, n = 0, 1…N - 1.

[0072] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional planar array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. When viewed horizontally, the virtual two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontally virtual one-dimensional linear arrays, and when viewed vertically, it is composed of N vertically virtual one-dimensional linear arrays; when L ≤ N, the complex radiation patterns of the L horizontally virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (4); when L > N, the complex radiation patterns of the N vertically virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (4), where l = 0, 1…L - 1, n = 0, 1…N - 1.

[0073] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i = 1, 2…I represents the measurement rounds; referring to Figure 2 , using R i (u) to represent the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal transmitted by the analog radio frequency signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array where \(E(u)\) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna element; \(G\) i (u) and its translation function \(G\) i (u - 2\pi)\) added together to obtain a function denoted by If the range of \(u\) is limited to the interval \([0, 2\pi)\), then

[0074] Denoted by represents the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the \(n\)th downlink of the one-dimensional linear array at the \(i\)th measurement. Then The calculation formula of is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] where \(N\) is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, and \(n\) represents the downlink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional linear array;

[0077] Performing discretization processing on results in the following relationship:

[0078]

[0079] where is 's sampling sequence, and \(m\) represents the discrete independent variable;

[0080] According to IDFT, the calculation formula of is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Using calculate the amplitude deviation percentage \(\Delta a\) of the \(n\)th downlink of the one-dimensional linear array d (n), \(n = 0, 1, \cdots, N - 1\) and the phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] where represents 's phase, and 's unit is radians.

[0086] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured \(I\) times. Use \(i = 1, 2, \cdots, I\) to represent the measurement rounds; use \(R\) i(u) represents the complex receiving direction diagram of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kd sinθ is the spatial stepped phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal transmitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then, the array factor complex receiving direction diagram of the virtual one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex receiving direction diagram of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna element; G i (u) and its translation function G i (u - 2π) added together to obtain the function is represented by It is stipulated that the value range of u is in the interval [0, 2π). Then

[0087] is represented by the measured complex digital baseband receiving signal of the n-th downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement. Then The calculation formula of is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] where Δd n is the distance difference in the θ direction between the n-th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n-th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional conformal array, and n represents the downlink and antenna element serial numbers of the one-dimensional conformal array;

[0090] Performing discretization processing on results in the following relationship:

[0091]

[0092] According to IDFT, the calculation formula of is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Using to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and the phase deviation value of the n-th downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] where represents the phase of, and the unit of is radian.

[0097] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3 , when viewed horizontally, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction, and when viewed vertically, it is composed of N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L ≤ N, measure the complex receiving patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction respectively, and use Equation (5) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (6) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array; when L > N, measure the complex receiving patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction respectively, and use Equation (5) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (6) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, where l = 0, 1... L-1, n = 0, 1... N-1.

[0098] When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, construct a virtual two-dimensional planar array based on the two-dimensional conformal array. When viewed horizontally, the virtual two-dimensional planar array is composed of L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction, and when viewed vertically, it is composed of N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L ≤ N, measure the complex receiving patterns of the L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction respectively, and use Equation (7) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array, and use Equation (8) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array; when L > N, measure the complex receiving patterns of the N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction respectively, and use Equation (7) to calculate the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array, and use Equation (8) to calculate the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array, where l = 0, 1... L-1, n = 0, 1... N-1.

[0099] The above embodiments have specifically described the content of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent deformations or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these equivalent deformations or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array, characterized in that, Each antenna element of the digital phased array is respectively connected to a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer. Each uplink includes a complex digital baseband transmit signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and the antenna element connected in sequence. Each downlink includes the antenna element, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, and an analog radio frequency signal converter connected in sequence. The antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation based on the uplink of the digital phased array, set the complex digital baseband transmit signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array and keep it unchanged during a single measurement. Start the transmit system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. The complex digital baseband transmit signal outputs an analog radio frequency signal through the complex digital baseband transmit signal converter. The analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna element through the power amplifier and the duplexer. Measure the complex transmit pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and then calculate the complex transmit pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array. Use the complex transmit pattern of the array factor to calculate the measured complex digital baseband transmit signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Use the measured complex digital baseband transmit signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation based on the downlink of the digital phased array, set an analog radio frequency signal transmitter in the far field directly in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog radio frequency signal transmitter emits an analog radio frequency signal and keeps it unchanged during a single measurement. Start the receive system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Measure the complex receive pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and then calculate the complex receive pattern of the array factor of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array. Use the complex receive pattern of the array factor to calculate the measured complex digital baseband receive signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Use the measured complex digital baseband receive signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Determine the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays included in the two-dimensional planar array, and determine the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array by measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays included in the two-dimensional conformal array.

2. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array. A virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, with i = 1, 2... I representing the measurement rounds. In the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmit signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set as or the complex digital baseband transmit signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set as where n represents the serial numbers of the uplinks and antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe direction of the radiation pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, A represents the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmit signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmit signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, Δd ni is the distance difference between the n-th antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the n-th antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ i direction. Let S i (u) represent the complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°). Then the array factor complex radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex radiation pattern of the antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array; The function obtained by adding F i (u) and its translation function F i (u - 2π) is represented by . It is specified that the value range of u is in the interval [0, 2π). Then The measured complex digital baseband transmitted signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the ith measurement Is calculated by the following algorithm: Or the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement Is calculated by the following algorithm: Among them is the sampling sequence, where m represents the discrete independent variable; Percentage Δa of the amplitude deviation of the n-th uplink in the one-dimensional linear array u (n), where n = 0, 1…N-1 and the phase deviation value is calculated by the following algorithm: where \(|\cdot|\) represents the modulus of a complex number, represents the phase of which is in radians; Percentage of amplitude deviation of the n-th uplink of a one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm: wherein represents phase, and the unit of is radian.

3. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array according to claim 2, characterized in that When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array is composed of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction. When L ≤ N, the complex radiation patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using Equation (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using Equation (2). When L > N, the complex radiation patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using Equation (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by using Equation (2), where l = 0, 1... L - 1 and n = 0, 1... N - 1.

4. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array according to claim 2, wherein When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array. A virtual two-dimensional planar array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional planar array is composed of L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays in the vertical direction. When L ≤ N, the complex radiation patterns of the L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using Equation (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using Equation (4). When L > N, the complex radiation patterns of the N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using Equation (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using Equation (4), where l = 0, 1... L - 1 and n = 0, 1... N - 1.

5. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array. A virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, with i = 1, 2... I representing the measurement rounds; using R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained during the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog radio frequency signal transmitted by the analog radio frequency signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is in the interval [-90°, 90°), then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the antenna element of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array; G i (u) and its translation function G i (u - 2π) added together to obtain the function is represented by It is stipulated that the value range of u is in the interval [0, 2π), then The measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array during the ith measurement Calculated by the following algorithm: Or the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the ith measurement It is calculated by the following algorithm: Among them is the sampling sequence, m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and the antenna element serial number of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, and Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction; The percentage of amplitude deviation Δa of the nth downlink in the one-dimensional linear array d (n), where n = 0, 1…N - 1 and the phase deviation value is calculated by the following algorithm: wherein represents phase, with the unit of radian; The percentage of the amplitude deviation of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and the phase deviation value are calculated by the following algorithm: wherein represents phase, with the unit of radian.

6. The method for measuring amplitude-phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that, When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array consists of L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction. When L ≤ N, the complex receiving patterns of the L one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (6). When L > N, the complex receiving patterns of the N one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using Equation (6), where l = 0, 1…L - 1 and n = 0, 1…N - 1.

7. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that When measuring the amplitude-phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array. A virtual two-dimensional planar array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional planar array consists of L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays in the vertical direction. When L ≤ N, the complex receiving patterns of the L virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (7), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (8). When L > N, the complex receiving patterns of the N virtual one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction are measured respectively, and the percentage of the downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (7), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna element at the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using Equation (8), where l = 0, 1…L - 1 and n = 0, 1…N - 1.

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