Reactor core operation control and shutdown device and method for supercritical water reactor

Abstract

The invention provides a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device and a method thereof.In the device, a guide pipe penetrates through a reactor core active area in the vertical direction, the guide pipe is fixed to the lower surface of a grillwork, and a control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide pipe; the elastic mechanism is used for connecting the bottom door of the control material container and the top end of the control rod in the guide pipe; the head ends of the first traction cable and the second traction cable are respectively connected with the driving mechanism, the tail end of the first traction cable is connected with the top end of the control rod, the tail end of the second traction cable is connected with a bottom door of the control material container, and the driving mechanism applies upward first traction force to the control rod through the first traction cable; the control rod moves up and down along the guide pipe under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the reactor core, the bottom door of the material container is controlled to keep a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force under the normal operation or planned shutdown working condition, and the bottom door is automatically opened when a power failure accident occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power core design, and in particular to a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Compared with traditional pressurized water reactors, the inlet and outlet coolant temperatures and densities of supercritical water reactors are very different, and the coolant is not evenly distributed in the core, which has a great impact on the neutron characteristics in the reactor and may lead to uneven power distribution and control rod values. The core of the supercritical water reactor currently under study does not contain soluble boron, and mainly relies on control rods and burnable poisons to compensate for the reactivity of the core. The rapid and fine adjustment of reactivity and power mainly relies on control rods. Reference reactor-related regulations require that the reactor be equipped with no less than two sets of shutdown plans based on different principles to enhance safety. It is very meaningful to set up or add reactivity and power distribution control and shutdown plans based on different principles for new supercritical water reactors.

[0003] The current development of artificial intelligence technology has brought more development and improvement directions to various industries. Artificial intelligence technology can be considered as an important means in the technical research and development process of new reactors. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, the first object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device to improve the safety of the reactor.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device, comprising:

[0008] A guide tube, a grid, an elastic mechanism, a control rod and a control material container, wherein the guide tube vertically penetrates the core active area of ​​the supercritical water reactor, the top end of the guide tube is fixed to the lower surface of the grid, the control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide tube, one end of the elastic mechanism is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, and the other end of the elastic mechanism is fixed to the top end of the control rod in the guide tube;

[0009] A driving mechanism, a first traction rope and a second traction rope, wherein the head end of the first traction rope and the head end of the second traction rope are respectively connected to the driving mechanism, the end of the first traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod, and the end of the second traction rope is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, the driving mechanism applies an upward first traction force to the control rod through the first traction rope, and the control rod moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core, and under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the bottom door of the control material container is kept in a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force, and when a power failure occurs, the driving mechanism loses the pulling force on the first traction rope and the second traction rope, and the bottom door of the control material container is automatically opened under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity.

[0010] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the elastic mechanism adopts a spring.

[0011] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the control material container is provided with a through hole, the through hole penetrates the upper surface and the bottom door of the control material container, and the through hole is used to pass the first traction rope and the second traction rope.

[0012] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided in the first aspect of the present invention, there are multiple guide tubes and multiple control material containers, and the multiple control material containers are arranged in the multiple guide tubes in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0013] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided in the first aspect of the present invention, there are multiple elastic mechanisms, and the multiple elastic mechanisms are fixed one-to-one to the bottom doors of the control material containers in the multiple guide tubes.

[0014] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided in the first aspect of the present invention, the driving mechanism is used to obtain reactivity compensation data based on the acquired reactivity data and reactivity prediction model; it is also used to obtain power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the acquired power distribution data and power burnup prediction model of the supercritical water reactor; it is also used to control the retraction and release of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation.

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect of the present invention proposes an operation control and shutdown method of a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device based on the first aspect, comprising:

[0016] Acquiring reactivity data of the core, and obtaining reactivity compensation data based on the reactivity data and a reactivity prediction model;

[0017] Acquiring power distribution data of a supercritical water reactor, and obtaining a power deviation and a burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution data and a power burnup prediction model;

[0018] The retraction and extension of the first traction rope are controlled based on the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation, and the burnup depth deviation.

[0019] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method provided in the second aspect of the present invention, the reactivity compensation data is obtained based on the reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model, including: inputting the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and reactivity data at the current moment and within a previously set time period into the reactivity prediction model to output a predicted value of reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment; and obtaining reactivity compensation data based on the predicted value of reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment and the target value of reactivity data at the corresponding moment.

[0020] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method provided in the second aspect of the present invention, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation are obtained based on the power distribution data and the power burnup prediction model, including: inputting the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and power data at the current moment and within a previously set time period into the power burnup prediction model to output the power distribution prediction value and the burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment; and obtaining the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution prediction value and the burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment, as well as the power distribution target value and the burnup depth distribution target value at the corresponding moment.

[0021] The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method provided in the second aspect of the present invention also includes: when a power outage occurs, the driving mechanism loses power traction, the bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity to achieve shutdown.

[0022] The invention provides a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device and method thereof. The operation control and shutdown device comprises a guide tube, a grid, an elastic mechanism, a control rod and a control material container. The guide tube passes through the core active area of ​​the supercritical water reactor in a vertical direction. The top end of the guide tube is fixed to the lower surface of the grid. The control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide tube. One end of the elastic mechanism is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, and the other end of the elastic mechanism is fixed to the top end of the control rod in the guide tube. A driving mechanism, a first traction rope and a second traction rope are provided. The head end of the first traction rope and the head end of the second traction rope are respectively connected to the driving mechanism. The end of the first traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod. The end of the second traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod. The end of the traction rope is connected to the bottom door of the control material container. The driving mechanism applies a first upward traction force to the control rod through the first traction rope. The control rod moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core. Under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the bottom door of the control material container remains in a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force. When a power outage occurs, the driving mechanism loses the pulling force on the first traction rope and the second traction rope, and the bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity. In this case, a control material container is provided, and the bottom door of the control material container is connected to an elastic mechanism. After a power failure or other accidents occur, the first traction rope connected to the control rod automatically loses the power to lift upward, and the control rod is quickly inserted into the core under the elastic force of the downwardly pressed elastic mechanism and its own gravity. The bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the control material and the bottom door's own gravity. Under the joint action of the control rod and the control material particles in the control material container, the function of safe shutdown is achieved, thereby improving the safety of the reactor. In addition, in the method of the present invention, the reactivity prediction model, the power burnup prediction model and the acquired reactivity data and power distribution data are used to obtain the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation to control the retraction and extension of the first traction rope. Compared with the existing method that only considers the real-time reactivity data and power distribution data, it can better achieve fine control of the reactor reactivity and power distribution.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the core operation control and shutdown device of a supercritical water reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A top view of a control material box provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A flow chart of a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] Guide tube 1, spring 2, driving mechanism 3, two groups of steel wire ropes 4, first steel wire rope 41, second steel wire rope 42, distribution mechanism 5, grid 6, control material box 7, through hole 71, core active region 10 of supercritical water reactor core, control rod 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the embodiments of the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0031] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present invention refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] At present, various new reactor concepts are emerging in an endless stream. The characteristics of various reactor types are different, and the requirements for their reactivity control are also different. In addition, nuclear safety regulations require at least two shutdown methods with different principles. There are more new solutions for the control of reactors, especially to meet the needs of safe shutdown. The present invention proposes an operation control and shutdown device and method for supercritical water reactors based on the neutron physics characteristics of supercritical water reactors and the application of artificial intelligence technology, which takes into account the regulation of core reactivity, power and fuel consumption depth size and distribution, and adds shutdown schemes with different principles in addition to conventional control rod shutdown. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device and method proposed by the present invention can improve the safety of the reactor. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device in the present invention can be referred to as an operation control and shutdown device.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device includes a guide tube, a grid, an elastic mechanism, a control rod, a control material container, a driving mechanism, a first traction rope and a second traction rope. The guide tube passes through the core active area of ​​the supercritical water reactor in a vertical direction, the top end of the guide tube is fixed on the lower surface of the grid, the control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide tube, one end of the elastic mechanism is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, and the other end of the elastic mechanism is fixed to the top of the control rod in the guide tube; the head end of the first traction cable and the head end of the second traction cable are respectively connected to the driving mechanism, the end of the first traction cable is connected to the top of the control rod, and the end of the second traction cable is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, the driving mechanism applies an upward first traction force to the control rod through the first traction cable, the control rod moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force, so as to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core, under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the bottom door of the control material container is kept in a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force, when a power failure occurs, the driving mechanism loses the pulling force on the first traction cable and the second traction cable, the bottom door of the control material container is automatically opened under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity.

[0036] In this embodiment, there are multiple guide tubes and multiple control material containers, and the multiple control material containers are arranged in the multiple guide tubes in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0037] In this embodiment, there are multiple elastic mechanisms, and the multiple elastic mechanisms are fixed one by one to the bottom doors of the control material containers in the multiple guide tubes. The elastic mechanism can be a spring.

[0038] In this embodiment, the control material container is provided with a through hole, which passes through the upper surface and the bottom door of the control material container, and is used to pass the first traction rope and the second traction rope. Both the first traction rope and the second traction rope can be steel wire ropes.

[0039] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism is used to obtain reactivity compensation data based on the acquired reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model; it is also used to obtain power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the acquired power distribution data and the power burnup prediction model of the supercritical water reactor; it is also used to control the retraction and release of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, power deviation and burnup depth deviation.

[0040] Specifically, taking the example that the elastic mechanism adopts a spring, the control material container adopts a control material box, and the first traction rope and the second traction rope both adopt steel wire ropes, Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of the connection between the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device includes a plurality of guide tubes 1, a plurality of springs 2, a driving mechanism 3, two groups of steel wire ropes 4, a distribution mechanism 5, a grid 6, a plurality of control material boxes 7, and a plurality of control rods 20. The two groups of steel wire ropes 4 include a first steel wire rope 41 and a second steel wire rope 42.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, each guide tube 1 vertically penetrates the core active area 10 of the supercritical water reactor. The guide tube 1 is arranged according to the position of the control rod 20 designed for the supercritical water reactor. A spring 2, a control material box 7 and a control rod 20 are arranged in each guide tube 1. The guide tube is designed as a circular ring structure.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, spring 2 is used to connect control rod 20 and the bottom door of control material box 7. Spring 2 has two functions: one is to control the bottom door of material box, and the other is to connect control rod to exert force on it, so as to accelerate the insertion of control rod when the shutdown signal is received. Spring 2 is set to be in a free state without force when the bottom of control rod 20 reaches the bottom of core active area.

[0043] The driving mechanism 3 is an electric driving mechanism for the steel wire rope, which includes two groups. One group of steel wire ropes is connected to the bottom door of the control material box 7, and remains stationary under normal operation and planned shutdown conditions, and is automatically released when a power outage or abnormal shutdown signal is encountered; the other group of steel wire ropes is connected to each bundle of control rods, and the motor is adjusted by a frequency converter to achieve smooth operation and precise control of the steel wire ropes. The head ends of the two groups of steel wire ropes 4 are connected to the driving mechanism 3, and the driving mechanism 3 applies an upward first traction force to the control rod 20 through the first steel wire rope 41. The control rod 20 moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force, so as to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core. When a power outage occurs, the driving mechanism 3 loses the pulling force on the first steel wire rope, and the control rod 20 is quickly inserted into the core downward under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity.

[0044] One set of the two sets of steel wire ropes 4 is connected to each control rod 20, and the other set of steel wire ropes is connected to the bottom door of the control material box 7. Figure 1 As shown, the steel wire rope group connecting the control rod 20 includes a plurality of first steel wire ropes 41, each of which is connected to a control rod 20 in a guide tube 1, and the steel wire rope group connecting the bottom door of the control material box 7 includes a plurality of second steel wire ropes 42, each of which is connected to a bottom door of the control material box 7 in the guide tube 1.

[0045] The distribution mechanism 5 of the steel wire rope can make the steel wire ropes not interfere with each other when running. The lower surface of the grid 6 is used to fix the top end of each guide tube 1.

[0046] The control material box 7 is filled with control material particles such as boron carbide with high reactivity value. The bottom door of the control material box 7 can be opened downward. Each control material box 7 is fixedly arranged in each guide tube, for example, it can be arranged at the connection between the guide tube 1 and the lower surface of the grid 6 (see Figure 1 A circular hole is provided in the center of the control material box 7 for the first steel wire rope connected to the control rod 20 to pass through. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a top view of a control material box provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, the control material box 7 is provided with a through hole 71, which is a circular hole. The through hole 71 penetrates the upper surface and the bottom door of the control material box 7, and the through hole 71 is used to pass the first steel wire rope 41 and the second steel wire rope 42. The bottom door of the control material box 7 can be opened and closed, and the second steel wire rope 42 that pulls upward is connected to the top of the bottom door, and the spring 2 is connected to the bottom of the bottom door. Under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the upward pulling force of the steel wire (i.e., the second traction force) and the elastic force of the lower spring can ensure that the bottom door is closed. In the case of power failure or abnormal accident (such as receiving a set abnormal accident signal), the second steel wire rope connected to the bottom door loses the power to lift upward and is automatically released. The spring 2 converts the pressure on the bottom door into a pulling force as the control rod 20 falls, and then the gravity of the control material in the control material box 7 and the gravity of the bottom door itself are superimposed, and the bottom door automatically opens, releasing the control material particles into the gap between the guide tube 10 of the control rod and the control rod 20, thereby increasing the safety of the accident shutdown.

[0047] The control rod 20 is slightly longer than the core active area 10. When the bottom of the control rod 20 reaches the bottom of the guide tube 10, the top of the control rod (i.e., the top of the control rod) is flush with the core active area axially. The lower part of the control rod 20 is of normal size. A spring 2 and a first steel wire rope 41 are connected to the top of each bundle of control rods 20. The other end of the spring 2 is fixed to the bottom door of the control material box 7. After the first steel wire rope 41 passes through the through hole 71 of the control material box 7, the other end of the first steel wire rope 41 is connected to a steel wire rope loop that can be driven by electricity. The first steel wire rope 41 is controlled by a motor with a frequency converter for retraction and extension speed, which can achieve smooth operation and precise control of the first steel wire rope 41.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism 3 adopts the control logic of fine control of reactivity, power distribution and burnup depth distribution by combining the core reactivity and power distribution monitoring data with the core reactivity, power and burnup depth distribution data predicted by artificial intelligence technologies such as deep reinforcement learning algorithms.

[0049] Specifically, the driving mechanism 3 obtains reactivity compensation data based on the acquired reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model; is also used to obtain power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the acquired power distribution data of the supercritical water reactor and the power burnup prediction model; and is also used to control the retraction and release of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, power deviation and burnup depth deviation.

[0050] Among them, the obtained reactivity prediction model and power burnup prediction model are pre-trained. Both the reactivity prediction model and the power burnup prediction model are constructed using artificial intelligence algorithms (for example, models based on neural networks can learn the complex relationship between various factors and power distribution, thereby achieving high-precision prediction). The input data of the reactivity prediction model are the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and reactivity data within the target time and the previous set time, and the output is the predicted value of the reactivity data at the next moment of the target time. The input data of the power burnup prediction model are the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and power data within the target time and the previous set time, and the output is the predicted value of the power distribution and the predicted value of the burnup depth distribution at the next moment of the target time. Based on the real-time monitoring of the reactivity and power distribution of the reactor through the core neutron detector signal, a large amount of core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and other multi-factor data are collected to obtain a data set for training. The reactivity prediction model and power burnup prediction model can quickly and accurately predict the reactivity, power distribution and burnup depth distribution in the core under different operating conditions, providing important reference for the design, operation and safety assessment of the core.

[0051] Regarding the reactivity of the reactor: the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and reactivity data at the current moment and the previously set time are input into the reactivity prediction model to obtain the predicted value of the reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment, and then the reactivity compensation data is obtained based on the difference between the predicted value of the reactivity data at the next moment and the target value of the reactivity data at the corresponding moment. In this way, the reactivity data of the core is predicted according to the signal of the core reactivity feedback, and the required reactivity compensation data is obtained by combining artificial intelligence technology.

[0052] For the power distribution and burnup depth distribution of the reactor: the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and power data at the current moment and the previously set time are input into the power burnup prediction model to output the power distribution prediction value and burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment; based on the power distribution prediction value and burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment, as well as the power distribution target value and burnup depth distribution target value at the corresponding moment, the power deviation and burnup depth deviation are obtained. In this way, the power distribution prediction data and burnup distribution prediction data predicted by the artificial intelligence technology are realized on the basis of real-time monitoring of the power distribution of the reactor through the core neutron detector signal.

[0053] The driving mechanism 3 controls the retraction and extension of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, power deviation or burnup depth deviation. Specifically, if only the reactivity is considered, based on the corresponding relationship table between the reactivity compensation data and the retracted length of the first steel wire rope (corresponding to the adjustment direction and adjustment length of the control rod), the reactivity change caused by the core burnup and state change is compensated by releasing or recovering the first steel wire rope through the motor. The motor is equipped with a frequency converter, and the steel wire rope can be adjusted to achieve the fine insertion or lifting operation of the control rod, and it is no longer necessary to make the insertion or lifting action according to a fixed step length, which is conducive to the precise control of reactivity.

[0054] If only the power deviation or the burnup depth deviation is considered, and if the power deviation or the burnup depth deviation is non-zero, the control rods are adjusted under the condition of meeting the safety limit. Specifically, the power distribution needs to meet the safety limit such as the local power does not exceed the power peak factor, and on the other hand, it should be optimized to the target power distribution and burnup depth distribution under the condition of meeting the safety limit. The burnup depth should ensure that the local burnup depth does not exceed the safety limit of the maximum burnup depth, and on the other hand, the subsequent power distribution should be pre-adjusted with the help of the control rods so that the burnup depth distribution is optimized to the target of increasing the average unloading burnup depth. In short, under the condition of meeting the safety limit of the power distribution and the burnup depth distribution, the predicted power distribution and the burnup depth distribution should be used, and the corresponding relationship table between the power deviation or the burnup depth deviation and the first wire rope retraction length (corresponding to the adjustment direction and adjustment length of the control rod) should be used to adjust the control rods in advance to optimize the power distribution and the burnup depth distribution, so as to achieve the goal of the core approaching the ideal state of the power distribution and the burnup depth distribution.

[0055] If the reactivity compensation data, power deviation, and burnup depth deviation are considered simultaneously, a correspondence table of the power deviation, burnup depth deviation, reactivity compensation data, and the adjustment method of the control rods (the adjustment method includes the adjustment direction and the adjustment length) is set, and the adjustment method of the control rods is determined based on the table to adjust each control rod.

[0056] For example, when the local relative power deviates from the set limit, the control rods in this part are inserted or lifted to reduce or increase the local power distribution (for example, when the local relative power exceeds the set upper limit of the deviation, the local corresponding control rods are inserted to reduce its relative power; when the local relative power exceeds the set lower limit of the deviation, the local corresponding control rods are lifted to increase its relative power), and the control rods in the remaining positions are appropriately reversed to avoid excessive interference with reactivity. And precise local core burnup regulation can be achieved through fine control of power distribution, thereby increasing the average fuel discharge burnup depth and improving fuel economy. The combined use of artificial intelligence technology prediction results to guide the pre-control of control rods can make the core and burnup depth distribution closer to the ideal state.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned operation control, it also includes rapid shutdown control of the reactor. Specifically: when a shutdown signal is received or an accident such as a power outage occurs, the first wire rope automatically loses power traction control, and the control rod is quickly inserted into the core under the action of spring pressure and its own gravity, thereby realizing the function of rapid shutdown. The control material box is equipped with particles of reactive control materials such as boron carbide. During normal operation or planned shutdown, the bottom door of the control material box remains closed due to the pressure of the spring and the tension of the second steel wire rope connected to the bottom door of the control material box. After power failure or receiving an abnormal shutdown signal, when the control rod loses the upward tension of the first steel wire rope to exceed the lower limit of normal operation insertion, the spring is over-stretched, and the upward pressure on the bottom door of the control material box is converted into a downward tension. The steel wire connected to the bottom door of the control material box is automatically released and loses the upward tension. The gravity of the control material and the gravity of the bottom door itself are superimposed, and the bottom door of the control material box is opened, so that the control material particles inside the control material box fall into the gap between the control rod guide tube and the control rod, thereby increasing the shutdown scheme, ensuring the shutdown function under abnormal conditions through the joint action of the control rod and the control material box, and realizing the function of safe and rapid shutdown.

[0058] The following is an embodiment of the method of the present invention. For details not disclosed in the embodiment of the method of the present invention, please refer to the embodiment of the device of the present invention. The method embodiment of the present invention proposes a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method utilizes the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device of the above-mentioned system embodiment. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method of the present invention can be referred to as an operation control and shutdown method.

[0059] Figure 3 The present invention provides a flowchart of a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method includes:

[0061] Step S101, obtaining the reactivity data of the core, and obtaining the reactivity compensation data based on the reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model;

[0062] Step S102, obtaining power distribution data of the supercritical water reactor, and obtaining power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution data and the power burnup prediction model;

[0063] Step S103, controlling the retraction and extension of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation.

[0064] In step S101, reactivity compensation data is obtained based on reactivity data and a reactivity prediction model, including: inputting core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and reactivity data at the current moment and within a previously set time period into the reactivity prediction model to output a predicted value of reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment; and obtaining reactivity compensation data based on the predicted value of reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment and a target value of reactivity data at the corresponding moment.

[0065] In step S102, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation are obtained based on the power distribution data and the power burnup prediction model, including: inputting the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and power data at the current moment and within a previously set time period into the power burnup prediction model to output the power distribution prediction value and the burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment; and obtaining the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution prediction value and the burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment, as well as the power distribution target value and the burnup depth distribution target value at the corresponding moment.

[0066] In some embodiments, the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method also includes: when a power outage occurs and the drive mechanism loses power traction, the bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity to achieve shutdown.

[0067] It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation of the embodiment of the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device is also applicable to the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method of this embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0068] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0069] In the supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device and method thereof in the embodiment of the present invention, the operation control and shutdown device includes a guide tube, a grid, an elastic mechanism, a control rod and a control material container, the guide tube vertically penetrates the core active area of ​​the supercritical water reactor, the top end of the guide tube is fixed to the lower surface of the grid, the control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide tube, one end of the elastic mechanism is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, and the other end of the elastic mechanism is fixed to the top end of the control rod in the guide tube; a driving mechanism, a first traction rope and a second traction rope, the head end of the first traction rope and the head end of the second traction rope are respectively connected to the driving mechanism, the end of the first traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod, and the end of the first traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod. The ends of the two traction ropes are connected to the bottom door of the control material container. The driving mechanism applies an upward first traction force to the control rod through the first traction rope. The control rod moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core. Under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the bottom door of the control material container remains in a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force. When a power outage occurs, the driving mechanism loses the pulling force on the first traction rope and the second traction rope, and the bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity. In this case, a control material container is provided, and the bottom door of the control material container is connected to an elastic mechanism. After a power failure or other accidents occur, the first traction rope connected to the control rod automatically loses the power to lift upward, and the control rod is quickly inserted into the core under the elastic force of the downwardly pressed elastic mechanism and its own gravity. The bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the control material and the bottom door's own gravity. Under the joint action of the control rod and the control material particles in the control material container, the function of safe shutdown is achieved, thereby improving the safety of the reactor. In addition, in the method of the present invention, the reactivity prediction model, the power burnup prediction model and the acquired reactivity data and power distribution data are used to obtain the reactivity compensation data, power deviation and burnup depth deviation to control the retraction and extension of the first traction rope. Compared with the existing method that only considers the real-time reactivity data and power distribution data, it can better achieve fine control of the reactor reactivity and power distribution.

[0070] The method and device of the present invention are applied to new reactors, mainly for supercritical water reactors. The control rod is mainly driven by the tension and spring pressure generated by the electric drive and the gravity of the control rod itself. The reactivity, power distribution and shutdown signal of the core monitoring are combined with the reactivity, power and burnup depth distribution of the supercritical water reactor core predicted by artificial intelligence technology as the driving logic. In addition to realizing the basic reactivity control of the reactor, the core power distribution is finely controlled. In addition, a control material box with a downward opening door is arranged at the position where the guide tube is provided on the grid of the driving mechanism. The lower part of the control material box is connected to a spring. After an accident such as a power outage occurs, the drive line automatically loses the upward pulling force, and is quickly inserted into the core under the downward spring pressure and its own gravity, and the control material box containing materials such as boron carbide with greater reactivity is pulled open to realize the function of safe shutdown.

[0071] The beneficial effects of the method and device of the present invention include: 1) When the supercritical water reactor does not contain soluble boron, the control rod can achieve continuous and tiny movement, and the supercritical water reactor can achieve fine control and compensation of reactivity, which is beneficial to improving the stability of reactor operation. 2) Based on the core reactivity and power distribution monitoring signals, artificial intelligence technology is jointly used to predict the core reactivity, power and burnup depth, and the supercritical water reactor can achieve fine control and pre-adjustment of power distribution, which is beneficial to avoid safety hazards such as local overheating of the core, and can achieve accurate core burnup adjustment through fine control of power distribution, thereby improving the fuel burnup depth and fuel economy under the premise of avoiding the safety hazard of excessive local burnup depth. 3) In the case of power failure or abnormal accident, the control rod is quickly inserted into the core under the action of the spring. In addition, a control material box is provided, which provides a conventional control rod solution for the supercritical water reactor, and an additional new type of safe shutdown solution with different principles is added, which is beneficial to meet the requirements related to reactor safety and improve the safety of the reactor.

[0072] The accompanying drawings show schematic diagrams of structures according to embodiments disclosed in the present invention. These figures are not drawn to scale, and some details are magnified and some details may be omitted for the purpose of clear expression. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween are only exemplary, and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art may additionally design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.

[0073] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0074] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0075] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0076] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0077] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention can be achieved, and the present invention is not limited here.

[0078] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device, characterized in that: include: A guide tube, a grid, an elastic mechanism, a control rod and a control material container, wherein the guide tube vertically penetrates the core active area of ​​the supercritical water reactor, the top end of the guide tube is fixed to the lower surface of the grid, the control material container is fixedly arranged in the guide tube, one end of the elastic mechanism is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, and the other end of the elastic mechanism is fixed to the top end of the control rod in the guide tube; A driving mechanism, a first traction rope and a second traction rope, wherein the head end of the first traction rope and the head end of the second traction rope are respectively connected to the driving mechanism, the end of the first traction rope is connected to the top end of the control rod, and the end of the second traction rope is connected to the bottom door of the control material container, the driving mechanism applies an upward first traction force to the control rod through the first traction rope, and the control rod moves up and down along the guide tube under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the first traction force to drive the control rod to extend into or out of the core, and under normal operation or planned shutdown conditions, the bottom door of the control material container is kept in a closed state under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and the second traction force, and when a power failure occurs, the driving mechanism loses the pulling force on the first traction rope and the second traction rope, and the bottom door of the control material container is automatically opened under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity, and the control rod is inserted downward into the core under the action of the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and its own gravity.

2. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic mechanism adopts a spring.

3. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control material container is provided with a through hole, and the through hole penetrates the upper surface and the bottom door of the control material container, and the through hole is used for passing the first traction rope and the second traction rope.

4. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple guide tubes and multiple control material containers, and the multiple control material containers are arranged in the multiple guide tubes in a one-to-one correspondence.

5. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are multiple elastic mechanisms, and the multiple elastic mechanisms are fixed one-to-one to the bottom doors of the control material containers in the multiple guide tubes.

6. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is used to obtain reactivity compensation data based on the acquired reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model; it is also used to obtain power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the acquired power distribution data of the supercritical water reactor and the power burnup prediction model; it is also used to control the retraction and release of the first traction rope based on the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation and the burnup depth deviation.

7. An operation control and shutdown method for a supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Acquiring reactivity data of the core, and obtaining reactivity compensation data based on the reactivity data and a reactivity prediction model; Acquiring power distribution data of a supercritical water reactor, and obtaining a power deviation and a burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution data and a power burnup prediction model; The retraction and extension of the first traction rope are controlled based on the reactivity compensation data, the power deviation, and the burnup depth deviation.

8. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the reactivity compensation data based on the reactivity data and the reactivity prediction model comprises: Input the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and reactivity data at the current moment and within the previously set time period into the reactivity prediction model to output the reactivity data prediction value at the next moment of the current moment; Based on the predicted value of the reactivity data at the next moment of the current moment and the target value of the reactivity data at the corresponding moment, the reactivity compensation data is obtained.

9. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The obtaining of power deviation and burnup depth deviation based on the power distribution data and the power burnup prediction model comprises: Input the core operation data, fuel assembly information, control rod position and power data at the current moment and within the previously set time period into the power burnup prediction model to output the power distribution prediction value and burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment of the current moment; A power deviation and a burnup depth deviation are obtained based on the power distribution prediction value and the burnup depth distribution prediction value at the next moment after the current moment, and the power distribution target value and the burnup depth distribution target value at the corresponding moment.

10. The supercritical water reactor core operation control and shutdown method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: When a power outage occurs, the drive mechanism loses power traction, and the bottom door of the control material container automatically opens under the action of the control material and the bottom door's own gravity. The control rods are inserted downward into the core under the elastic force of the elastic mechanism and their own gravity, thereby shutting down the reactor.

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