Cooling air duct structure of energy storage cabinet and temperature control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an energy storage cabinet cooling air duct structure and a temperature control method thereof. The energy storage cabinet cooling air duct structure comprises a box body, and an air duct assembly, an air conditioner and at least one group of air guide battery boxes are arranged in the box body. The air conditioner is installed on the upper portion of the front end of the box body, the air channel assembly is composed of an input channel component installed at the upper end of the box body and an air guide plate component installed at the rear end of the box body, and the air guide plate component comprises a top-layer air guide plate, a middle-layer air guide plate and a bottom-layer air guide plate which correspond to the air guide battery boxes at the uppermost end, the middle and the lowermost end respectively. And the angles between the air guide port surface and the vertical line are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees. An air inlet is formed in the rear end of the air guide battery box, a plurality of air outlets are arranged at the front end of the air guide battery box, a cooling ventilation duct is designed around the battery pack, a temperature sensor is arranged for monitoring temperature, an air return port of an air conditioner is located at the front ends of the air outlets and used for recycling hot air, and in addition, an air cooling door and a control door are arranged at the front end of the box body, so that equipment maintenance and control are facilitated. The invention relates to the field of energy storage cabinet temperature control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of temperature control of energy storage cabinets, and in particular to a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet and a temperature control method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, energy storage systems are being used more and more widely in power systems. Energy storage systems can effectively smooth out fluctuations in renewable energy, improve the stability of the power grid, and provide additional power support during peak hours of power demand. However, the battery packs in the energy storage system will generate a lot of heat during the charging and discharging process. If the heat is not dissipated in a timely and effective manner, the battery temperature will be too high, affecting the battery performance and life, and even causing safety problems.

[0003] In existing energy storage cabinet technology, the cooling design of the battery pack is often not optimized. Usually, the air conditioning system will directly supply air from the upper part of the energy storage battery pack and recover air from the same area. This method will cause the upper part to be colder and the lower part to be hotter. Specifically, the cold air delivered by the air conditioner tends to accumulate in the upper layer of the energy storage cabinet, while the air is recovered from the middle or lower part of the energy storage cabinet. This leads to uneven air supply distribution inside the entire energy storage cabinet, especially the battery pack at the bottom layer may not get enough cooling air volume, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the battery pack. This temperature difference will directly affect the service life of the battery.

[0004] Therefore, it is imperative to redesign the cooling duct structure and temperature control method of the energy storage cabinet. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a cooling duct structure and a temperature control method for an energy storage cabinet, aiming to solve the problems of uneven temperature distribution and low cooling efficiency caused by unreasonable duct design in the energy storage cabinet cooling system in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet, comprising a box body, wherein an air duct assembly, an air conditioner and at least one group of air guide battery boxes are arranged in the box body, wherein the air conditioner is installed at the upper part of the front end of the box body, and the air duct assembly comprises an input channel component and an air guide plate component, wherein the input channel component is installed at the upper end of the box body and is connected to the air supply port of the air conditioner, and the air guide plate component is installed at the rear end of the box body, and the upper end of the air guide plate component is connected to the output end of the input channel component. The air guide plate component comprises: a top-layer air guide plate, which is located at the rear of the air guide battery box at the uppermost end, and the angle between the air guide surface on the top-layer air guide plate and the vertical line is 30°; a plurality of middle-layer air guide plates, which correspond to the rear of each of the air guide battery boxes in the middle part, and the angle between the air guide surface on the middle-layer air guide plate and the vertical line is 45°; a bottom-layer air guide plate, which is located at the rear of the air guide battery box at the lowermost end, and the angle between the air guide surface on the bottom-layer air guide plate and the vertical line is 60°.

[0007] Based on the above, the beneficial effect of a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet is to solve the problems of uneven temperature distribution and low cooling efficiency caused by unreasonable air duct design in the energy storage cabinet cooling system in the prior art; it is mainly reflected in:

[0008] The air duct assembly of the present invention comprises a top-layer air guide plate with an air guide surface at an angle of 30° to the vertical, a middle-layer air guide surface at an angle of 45° to the vertical, and a bottom-layer air guide plate with an air guide surface at an angle of 60° to the vertical, wherein the air guide surface of each air guide plate can effectively guide the cold air to flow evenly to each battery pack in the energy storage cabinet, and the inclination angle of the air guide surface of the top-layer air guide plate is only 30°, which is conducive to accelerating the cold air downward, and the inclination angle of the air guide surface of the bottom-layer air guide plate is 60°, which is conducive to slowing down the flow rate of the cold air at the lower end of the box body. This not only avoids the phenomenon of upper cold and lower hot in traditional cooling systems, but also ensures that each battery pack can obtain sufficient cooling, reduces the temperature difference between battery packs, and speeds up the cooling efficiency of the battery, thereby improving the working efficiency and safety of the battery.

[0009] Furthermore, the input channel component includes a retractable air inlet and a plurality of parallel air ducts connected to the retractable air inlet, each of the air ducts corresponds to a group of the air guide battery boxes, and an angled portion is provided on the top of the output end of the air duct. The retractable air inlet and the angled portion are used to reduce the air flow vortex inside the input channel component, and the air guide plate component and the rear wall of the box form an air guide channel.

[0010] Based on the above, the design of the input channel components, especially the combination of the contracted air inlet and the parallel air duct, and the angled portion of the air duct output end, helps to reduce air flow vortexes, allowing cold air to flow more smoothly and cover every corner of the battery pack, thereby improving the efficiency of the overall cooling system.

[0011] Furthermore, an air inlet is provided at the rear end of the air-guiding battery box, and a plurality of air outlets are provided at the front end. A battery pack is arranged in each of the air-guiding battery boxes, and cooling ventilation ducts are formed between the left, right, top and bottom ends of the battery pack and the corresponding inner walls of the air-guiding battery box respectively.

[0012] Based on the above, the rear end of the air-guiding battery box is equipped with an air inlet and the front end is equipped with multiple air outlets. This layout ensures that cold air can enter from the rear of the battery pack and be discharged from the front. This front-to-back through-airflow path design allows cold air to pass directly through the battery pack, taking away more heat and enhancing the cooling effect; cooling ventilation ducts are left between the left, right, top and bottom ends of the battery pack and the inner wall of the air-guiding battery box. These ventilation ducts not only increase the air circulation path, but also ensure that the cold air can evenly contact all sides of the battery pack, avoiding local overheating and achieving a more uniform heat dissipation effect.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of temperature sensors are regularly arranged on the surface of each battery pack for detecting the temperature inside the battery pack.

[0014] Based on the above, a number of temperature sensors are regularly configured on the surface of each battery pack, which can monitor the temperature changes inside the battery pack in real time. This high-density temperature monitoring network can provide comprehensive and accurate temperature data, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the temperature conditions of the battery pack. Once an abnormality is detected, the system can immediately adjust the speed of the fan to increase the cooling air volume, quickly reduce the temperature, and prevent potential safety risks.

[0015] Furthermore, the return air outlet of the air conditioner is located at the front end of the plurality of air outlets, and is used to recover the hot air passing through the battery pack.

[0016] Furthermore, a cooling door is provided at the front end of the box body, an air exchange port is provided at the upper portion of the cooling door, and the air conditioner is provided at the inner upper portion of the cooling door corresponding to the air exchange port, so as to facilitate regular maintenance of the air conditioner.

[0017] Based on the above, the beneficial effect of the air-cooling door is that the technician can quickly open the air-cooling door and directly clean, inspect and repair the air conditioner, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, a control door is provided on one side of the air cooling door, a controller is provided inside the control door, and the air conditioner, a plurality of air outlet fans, and a plurality of temperature sensors are all connected to the controller via electrical signals.

[0019] Based on the above, the controller is connected to the air conditioner, fan and temperature sensor through electrical signals, and can collect and process data such as battery temperature and fan duty cycle in real time. Through these data, the controller can monitor the temperature distribution and cooling effect inside the energy storage cabinet in real time, and automatically adjust the operating parameters of the air conditioner and fan as needed to ensure that the system is always in the best working condition.

[0020] The present invention also provides a temperature control method for a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Monitor the temperature imbalance between all battery packs and the temperature imbalance within each battery pack through a temperature sensor;

[0022] Step 2: Adjust the duty cycle of the fan according to the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs, so that the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized within ±2°C;

[0023] Step 3: When the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized between ±2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan according to the temperature imbalance in the battery pack to stabilize the temperature imbalance in the battery pack between 0°C and 2°C.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 1, the temperature value of each temperature sensor on each battery pack is read, and the average temperature of a single battery pack is calculated. The average temperature in a single battery pack is TM. There are N evenly distributed temperature sensors in each battery pack. The temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is T1. Similarly, the temperature measured by the Nth temperature sensor is TN. Assuming that the total number of battery packs is Q, the average temperature in the first battery pack is TM1. Similarly, the average temperature in the Qth battery pack is TMQ. The highest temperature detected by the temperature sensor in the battery pack is Tmax, and the lowest temperature is Tmin. Then:

[0025] Calculate the average temperature of each battery pack TM=Average(T1, ..., TN);

[0026] Calculate the average temperature of the total battery pack TQ = Average (TM1, ..., TMQ);

[0027] Calculate the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs ▲T = TM-TQ;

[0028] Calculate the temperature imbalance in the battery pack ▲T'=Tmax-Tmin.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 2:

[0030] When TQ≤30℃:

[0031] If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the speed of the fan to 0 to reduce the air volume and increase the temperature;

[0032] If -2℃≤▲T≤2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 50%, i.e. 2500 rpm, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0033] If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 75%, i.e. 3500 rpm, increase the air volume and lower the temperature;

[0034] When 30℃<TQ≤40℃:

[0035] If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 50%, that is, 2500 rpm, reduce the air volume and increase the temperature;

[0036] If -2℃≤▲T≤2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 75%, i.e. 3500 rpm, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0037] If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 100%, that is, 4500 rpm, increase the air volume and reduce the temperature;

[0038] When TQ>40℃:

[0039] Adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 100%, that is, 4500 rpm, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent overheating;

[0040] Until the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized within ±2°C;

[0041] On this basis, proceed to step three:

[0042] When TQ≤30℃:

[0043] If 0℃≤▲T'≤2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 50%, i.e. 2500 rpm, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0044] If ▲T'>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 0%, that is, the speed is 0, reduce the air volume, and make the temperature evenly distributed;

[0045] When 30℃<TQ≤40℃:

[0046] If 0℃≤▲T'≤2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 75%, i.e. 3500 rpm, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0047] If ▲T'>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 50%, i.e. 2500 rpm, reduce the air volume and make the temperature evenly distributed;

[0048] When TQ>40℃:

[0049] Adjust the duty cycle of the fan to 100%, that is, 4500 rpm, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent overheating;

[0050] Until the temperature imbalance ▲T' in the battery pack stabilizes between 0℃ and 2℃.

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the above features of the present invention and its intended objectives, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A;

[0055] Figure 4 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part B;

[0056] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the air duct of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a schematic flow chart of the temperature control method of the present invention.

[0058] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1-box, 11-air cooling door, 111-air exchange outlet, 12-control door, 2-air duct assembly, 21-input channel component, 211-contraction air inlet, 212-air duct, 2121-angled part, 22-air guide plate component, 221-top air guide plate, 222-middle air guide plate, 223-bottom air guide plate, 3-air conditioner, 31-air supply outlet, 32-return air outlet, 4-air guide battery box, 41-air inlet, 42-air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. The following examples are intended to explain the present invention but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0060] Example

[0061] See also Figures 1 to 6 .

[0062] The present embodiment discloses a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet, including a box body 1, wherein an air duct assembly 2, an air conditioner 3, and at least one group of air guide battery boxes 4 are arranged in the box body 1, wherein the air conditioner 3 is installed at the upper part of the front end of the box body 1, and the air duct assembly 2 includes an input channel component 21 and an air guide plate component 22, wherein the input channel component 21 is installed at the upper end of the box body 1 and is connected to the air supply port 31 of the air conditioner 3, and the air guide plate component 22 is installed at the rear end of the box body 1, and the upper end of the air guide plate component 22 is connected to the inner side of the output end of the input channel component 21 , and forms an air guide channel with the inner wall of the box body 1, the air guide plate component 22 includes: a top-level air guide plate 221, located behind the uppermost air guide battery box 4, and the angle between the air guide surface on the top-level air guide plate 221 and the vertical line is 30°; a plurality of middle-level air guide plates 222, corresponding one by one to the rear of each of the air guide battery boxes 4 in the middle, and the angle between the air guide surface on the middle-level air guide plate 222 and the vertical line is 45°; a bottom-level air guide plate 223, located behind the lowermost air guide battery box 4, and the angle between the air guide surface on the bottom-level air guide plate 223 and the vertical line is 60°.

[0063] In this embodiment, the input channel component 21 includes a retractable air inlet 211 and two parallel symmetrical air ducts 212 connected to the retractable air inlet 211, each of the air ducts 212 corresponds to a group of the air guide battery boxes 4, and an angled portion 2121 is provided at the top of the output end of the air duct 212. The retractable air inlet 211 and the angled portion 2121 are used to reduce the air flow vortex inside the input channel component 21, and the air guide plate component 22 and the rear wall of the box body 1 form an air guide channel.

[0064] In this embodiment, an air inlet 41 is provided at the rear end of the air-guiding battery box 4, and a plurality of air outlets 42 are provided at the front end. A battery pack is arranged in each of the air-guiding battery boxes 4, and cooling ventilation ducts are formed between the left, right, top and bottom ends of the battery pack and the corresponding inner walls in the air-guiding battery box 4 respectively.

[0065] In this embodiment, a plurality of temperature sensors are regularly arranged on the surface of each battery pack for detecting the temperature inside the battery pack.

[0066] In this embodiment, the return air outlet 32 ​​of the air conditioner 3 is located at the front end of the plurality of air outlets 42, and is used to recover the hot air passing through the battery pack.

[0067] In this embodiment, a cooling door 11 is provided at the front end of the housing 1, an air exchange port 111 is provided on the upper portion of the cooling door 11, and the air conditioner 3 is provided on the inner upper portion of the cooling door 11 corresponding to the air exchange port 111, so as to facilitate regular maintenance of the air conditioner 3.

[0068] In this embodiment, a control door 12 is provided on one side of the air cooling door 11, a controller is provided in the control door 12, and the air conditioner 3, a plurality of air outlet fans 42, and a plurality of temperature sensors are all connected to the controller via electrical signals.

[0069] The present invention also discloses a temperature control method for a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet, the method comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Monitor the temperature imbalance between all battery packs and the temperature imbalance within each battery pack through a temperature sensor;

[0071] Step 2: adjusting the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 according to the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs, so that the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized between ±2°C;

[0072] Step 3: When the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized between ±2°C, the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 is adjusted according to the temperature imbalance in the battery pack to stabilize the temperature imbalance in the battery pack between 0°C and 2°C.

[0073] In step 1 of this embodiment, the temperature value of each temperature sensor on each battery pack is read, and the average temperature of a single battery pack is calculated. The average temperature in a single battery pack is TM. Each battery pack has N evenly distributed temperature sensors. The temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is T1. Similarly, the temperature measured by the Nth temperature sensor is TN. Assuming that the total number of battery packs is Q, the average temperature in the first battery pack is TM1. Similarly, the average temperature in the Qth battery pack is TMQ. The highest temperature detected by the temperature sensors in the battery pack is Tmax, and the lowest temperature is Tmin. Then:

[0074] Calculate the average temperature of each battery pack TM=Average(T1, ..., TN);

[0075] Calculate the average temperature of the total battery pack TQ = Average (TM1, ..., TMQ);

[0076] Calculate the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs ▲T = TM-TQ;

[0077] Calculate the temperature imbalance in the battery pack ▲T'=Tmax-Tmin.

[0078] In step 2 of this embodiment:

[0079] When TQ≤30℃:

[0080] If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the speed of the air outlet fan 42 to 0 to reduce the air volume and increase the temperature;

[0081] If -2°C≤▲T≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0082] If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, increase the air volume and lower the temperature;

[0083] When 30℃<TQ≤40℃:

[0084] If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 50%, that is, 2500 revolutions, reduce the air volume, and increase the temperature;

[0085] If -2°C≤▲T≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0086] If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 100%, that is, 4500 revolutions, increase the air volume and reduce the temperature;

[0087] When TQ>40℃:

[0088] Adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 100%, that is, 4500 revolutions, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent overheating;

[0089] Until the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized within ±2°C;

[0090] On this basis, proceed to step three:

[0091] When TQ≤30℃:

[0092] If 0°C≤▲T'≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0093] If ▲T'>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 0%, that is, the speed is 0, reduce the air volume, and make the temperature evenly distributed;

[0094] When 30℃<TQ≤40℃:

[0095] If 0°C≤▲T'≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle);

[0096] If ▲T'>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, reduce the air volume, and make the temperature evenly distributed;

[0097] When TQ>40℃:

[0098] Adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan 42 to 100%, that is, 4500 revolutions, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent overheating;

[0099] Until the temperature imbalance ▲T' in the battery pack stabilizes between 0℃ and 2℃.

[0100] The above description is only the optimal solution embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications or substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the present invention without departing from the essence and protection scope of the present invention should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet, comprising a box body (1), characterized in that: The box (1) is provided with an air duct assembly (2), an air conditioner (3) and at least one set of air guide battery boxes (4); the air conditioner (3) is installed at the upper part of the front end of the box (1); the air duct assembly (2) comprises an input channel component (21) and an air guide plate component (22); wherein the input channel component (21) is installed at the upper end of the box (1) and is connected to the air supply port (31) of the air conditioner (3); the air guide plate component (22) is installed at the rear end of the box (1); the upper end of the air guide plate component (22) is connected to the inner side of the output end of the input channel component (21) and forms an air guide channel with the inner wall of the box (1); the air guide plate component (22) comprises: A top-layer wind guide plate (221) is located behind the wind guide battery box (4) at the uppermost end, and the angle between the wind guide surface on the top-layer wind guide plate (221) and the vertical line is 30°; A plurality of middle-level wind guide plates (222), corresponding one by one to the rear of each of the wind guide battery boxes (4) in the middle, wherein the angle between the wind guide surface on the middle-level wind guide plate (222) and the vertical line is 45°; The bottom wind guide plate (223) is located behind the wind guide battery box (4) at the lowest end, and the angle between the wind guide port surface on the bottom wind guide plate (223) and the vertical line is 60°.

2. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The input channel component (21) comprises a retractable air inlet (211) and a plurality of parallel air ducts (212) connected to the retractable air inlet (211); each of the air ducts (212) corresponds to a group of the air guide battery boxes (4); an angled portion (2121) is provided at the top of the output end of the air duct (212); the retractable air inlet (211) and the angled portion (2121) are used to reduce air flow vortices inside the input channel component (21); and the air guide plate component (22) and the rear wall of the box body (1) form an air guide channel.

3. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rear end of the air-guiding battery box (4) is provided with an air inlet (41), and the front end is provided with a plurality of air outlets (42). Each of the air-guiding battery boxes (4) is provided with a battery pack, and the left, right, upper and lower ends of the battery pack and the corresponding inner walls of the air-guiding battery box (4) are respectively provided with cooling ventilation ducts.

4. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A plurality of temperature sensors are regularly arranged on the surface of each battery pack for detecting the temperature inside the battery pack.

5. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The return air outlet (32) of the air conditioner (3) is located at the front end of the plurality of air outlet fans (42) and is used to recover hot air passing through the battery pack.

6. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The front end of the housing (1) is provided with an air cooling door (11), the upper portion of the air cooling door (11) is provided with an air exchange port (111), and the air conditioner (3) is arranged at the upper inner portion of the air cooling door (11) corresponding to the air exchange port (111), so as to facilitate regular maintenance of the air conditioner (3).

7. The cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A control door (12) is provided on one side of the air cooling door (11), a controller is provided inside the control door (12), and the air conditioner (3), a plurality of air outlet fans (42), and a plurality of temperature sensors are all connected to the controller via electrical signals.

8. A temperature control method for the cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Monitor the temperature imbalance between all battery packs and the temperature imbalance within each battery pack through a temperature sensor; Step 2: adjusting the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) according to the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs, so that the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized within ±2°C; Step 3: When the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized between ±2°C, the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) is adjusted according to the temperature imbalance in the battery pack to stabilize the temperature imbalance in the battery pack between 0°C and 2°C.

9. The temperature control method of the cooling air duct structure of the energy storage cabinet according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 1, read the temperature value of each temperature sensor on each battery pack, and calculate the average temperature of a single battery pack. The average temperature in a single battery pack is TM. There are N evenly distributed temperature sensors in each battery pack. The temperature measured by the first temperature sensor is T1. Similarly, the temperature measured by the Nth temperature sensor is TN. Suppose the total number of battery packs is Q. The average temperature in the first battery pack is TM1. Similarly, the average temperature in the Qth battery pack is TMQ. The highest temperature detected by the temperature sensor in the battery pack is Tmax, and the lowest temperature is Tmin. Then: Calculate the average temperature of each battery pack TM=Average(T1, ..., TN); Calculate the average temperature of the total battery pack TQ = Average (TM1, ..., TMQ); Calculate the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs ▲T = TM-TQ; Calculate the temperature imbalance in the battery pack ▲T'=Tmax-Tmin.

10. A temperature control method for a cooling air duct structure of an energy storage cabinet according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 2: When TQ≤30℃: If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the speed of the air outlet fan (42) to 0 to reduce the air volume and increase the temperature; If -2°C≤▲T≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle); If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, increase the air volume and lower the temperature; When 30℃<TQ≤40℃: If ▲T<-2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, reduce the air volume and increase the temperature; If -2°C≤▲T≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle); If ▲T>2℃, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 100%, i.e. 4500 revolutions, increase the air volume and lower the temperature; When TQ>40℃: The duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) is adjusted to 100%, i.e. 4500 revolutions, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent the temperature from being too high; Until the temperature imbalance between the total battery packs is stabilized within ±2°C; On this basis, proceed to step three: When TQ≤30℃: If 0°C≤▲T'≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle); If ▲T'>2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 0%, that is, the speed is 0, reduce the air volume, and make the temperature evenly distributed; When 30℃<TQ≤40℃: If 0°C≤▲T'≤2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 75%, i.e. 3500 revolutions, and maintain the current state (standard duty cycle); If ▲T'>2°C, adjust the duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) to 50%, i.e. 2500 revolutions, reduce the air volume, and make the temperature evenly distributed; When TQ>40℃: The duty cycle of the air outlet fan (42) is adjusted to 100%, i.e. 4500 revolutions, to dissipate heat with maximum air volume to prevent the temperature from being too high; Until the temperature imbalance ▲T' in the battery pack stabilizes between 0℃ and 2℃.

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