An antenna vibrator, an antenna, and a communication device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna element, an antenna, and a communication device. The antenna element includes four radiators and four feed structures. The feed structures are connected to the radiators and are used to feed the radiators. Each radiator includes a first transmission line, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, and a second transmission line connected in sequence, wherein the first and second transmission lines are respectively connected to the feed structures. The four radiators are a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator, and a fourth radiator. The first and second radiators radiate signals along a first polarization direction; the third and fourth radiators radiate signals along a second polarization direction, forming a dual-polarized radiator. The feed structure is a one-to-two feed structure, with two radiators connected in parallel and connected to the same feed structure. This scheme can reduce the antenna aperture and improve the antenna gain. In addition, the radiators have two current distribution modes, resulting in a wider bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna vibrator, an antenna, and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, the signals transmitted by communication systems are becoming increasingly rich, thus placing increasingly complex requirements on base station antennas. A base station antenna typically consists of an antenna element and a feed network, with the feed network used to power the antenna element.

[0003] Base station antennas are becoming increasingly complex in structure, and the integration density of antennas on a single antenna surface is also increasing. In order to improve the integration density of base station antennas, the demand for miniaturization of base station antennas is becoming more and more urgent, especially in terms of antenna aperture size. To improve antenna integration, it is necessary to reduce the antenna aperture. However, reducing the antenna aperture can easily lead to a decrease in antenna gain. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna element, an antenna, and a communication device, wherein the antenna has high gain, small aperture, and wide bandwidth.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides an antenna element. The antenna element includes four radiators and four feed structures. Each feed structure is connected to a radiator and is used to connect to a feed network, thereby feeding the radiators. Each radiator includes a first transmission line, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, and a second transmission line connected sequentially, wherein the first and second transmission lines are respectively connected to the feed structures. Specifically, the four lines of the radiator can form a quadrilateral with an opening located between the first and second transmission lines. The structure of the radiator in this design is relatively simple. For ease of description, the four radiators are considered to be a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator, and a fourth radiator. The first and second radiators radiate signals along a first polarization direction, and the third and fourth radiators radiate signals along a second polarization direction, forming a dual-polarized antenna element. Specifically, the first and second polarization directions intersect.

[0006] The aforementioned feed structure is a 1-to-2 feed structure, specifically including a power divider to form the 1-to-2 feed structure, where one feed structure connects the transmission lines of the two radiators respectively. For ease of description, the aforementioned feed structure is considered to include a first feed structure, a second feed structure, a third feed structure, and a fourth feed structure. Specifically, when connecting the radiators to the feed structures, the first transmission lines of the first and second radiators are connected in parallel and connected to the first feed structure; the second transmission lines of the first and second radiators are connected in parallel and connected to the second feed structure; the first and fourth transmission lines of the third and fourth radiators are connected in parallel and connected to the third feed structure; and the second and fourth transmission lines of the third and fourth radiators are connected in parallel and connected to the fourth feed structure. In this scheme, the antenna element is a dual-polarized antenna element, and the feed structure is relatively simple, using one feed structure to feed two radiators. This is beneficial for further reducing the antenna aperture and improving the antenna gain. Understandably, for the same gain, the antenna aperture is smaller; for the same aperture, the antenna gain in the embodiments provided in this application is larger.

[0007] Furthermore, the radiator in this application is fed from a first transmission line and a second transmission line located at both ends, forming an end-fed dipole. The first and second transmission lines, besides connecting the feeding structure and feeding the radiator, also serve as radiating arms to radiate signals. When the antenna operates in different frequency bands, its corresponding operating states differ, resulting in different current distribution patterns, thus achieving a wider bandwidth.

[0008] When specifically configuring the antenna elements, the four radiators can be arranged in a 2x2 matrix structure, with the first and third radiators in one row and the fourth and second radiators in another row. The first and second radiators are arranged along one diagonal, and the third and fourth radiators are arranged along the other diagonal.

[0009] In one possible technical solution, the lengths of the first transmission lines of the first radiator and the second radiator are unequal, as are the lengths of the first transmission lines of the third and fourth radiators. The different lengths of the two parallel transmission lines connected to the same feed structure allow the radiator to introduce a preset phase, deflecting the beam towards the longer transmission line to adapt to beam deflection requirements in harsh reflector environments. This solution allows the length of the radiator's transmission lines to be designed according to beam deflection requirements, with a relatively simple adjustment method, and provides superior horizontal beam deflection advantages in asymmetrical environments. Compared to a single dipole, the technical solution of this application has a more significant preset phase effect.

[0010] The first polarization direction and the second polarization direction mentioned above can be perpendicular to each other. That is to say, the two polarization directions of the antenna are perpendicular to each other. For example, the two polarization directions can be +45° and -45° respectively.

[0011] The shape formed by the four lines of the radiator is not limited. For example, in one possible technical solution, the radiator is rectangular. Specifically, the first transmission line of the radiator is perpendicular to the first radiating arm, the first radiating arm is perpendicular to the second radiating arm, and the second radiating arm is perpendicular to the second transmission line. This radiator structure is simple and facilitates the formation of precise radiation and polarization directions. The relatively regular structure of the radiator helps reduce the space occupied by the radiator and thus the antenna aperture. In other technical solutions, the radiator can also be rhomboid, trapezoidal, or an irregular quadrilateral shape.

[0012] The aforementioned power supply structure specifically includes a feeder line, which can be connected to a 1-to-2 power divider, allowing one feeder line to connect two transmission lines with opposite current directions. The radiator's first transmission line includes a first connection and a second connection, the second connection being connected to the feeder line. The cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection is different from that of the feeder line to which it is connected. The radiator's second transmission line includes a third connection and a fourth connection, the fourth connection being connected to the feeder line. The cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection is different from that of the feeder line to which it is connected. In this design, the first and second transmission lines are each part of the power supply path, resulting in variations in transmission line thickness within the path. This allows for impedance matching and improves bandwidth. Furthermore, the thicker transmission lines connected to the feeder line (the second and fourth connections) increase inductance, shifting the radiator's resonant point towards higher frequencies.

[0013] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connection can be different from that of the first connection, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connection can be different from that of the third connection. Similarly, the first and second connections of the first transmission line can also be considered as part of the feeding path, and the third and fourth connections of the second transmission line can also be considered as part of the feeding path. This is equivalent to the transmission lines in the feeding path having varying thicknesses, and these variations are numerous and diverse, which is beneficial for impedance matching and improving bandwidth.

[0014] When forming the radiator, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiating arm is different from that of the second radiating arm. The different radiating arms of the radiator have varying thicknesses, which also facilitates impedance matching and improves bandwidth.

[0015] To improve the integration of communication equipment, the antenna can be a multi-frequency antenna. To reduce the impact of the low-frequency antenna on the high-frequency antenna, the low-frequency antenna needs to have a high-frequency decoupling effect. In the technical solution of this application, the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line of the radiator are each connected with a stub. Specifically, the stubs of the first and second radiators are arranged symmetrically about the first polarization direction, and the stubs of the third and fourth radiators are arranged symmetrically about the second polarization direction, which helps to keep the polarization direction of the radiators stable and accurate. Setting the above-mentioned stubs can reduce the influence of this antenna element on the antenna element in the higher frequency band, which is conducive to realizing multi-band cooperative operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna.

[0016] In a specific technical solution, the shape of the aforementioned branches may include at least one of L-shaped branches, cross-shaped branches, or T-shaped branches, depending on the specific requirements.

[0017] Alternatively, additional stubs can be incorporated within the radiator, but these stubs are not directly connected to the radiator. Specifically, when configuring these additional stubs, the additional stubs of the first and second radiators are symmetrical about a first direction, and the additional stubs of the third and fourth radiators are symmetrical about a second direction. This configuration helps maintain the stable and accurate polarization direction of the radiators. Adding these additional stubs can also reduce the influence of this antenna element on higher frequency band antenna elements, facilitating multi-band coordinated operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna.

[0018] The shape of this additional stub can be symmetrical, or in other words, it is a symmetrical stub. This makes the polarization direction of the antenna element more stable and accurate.

[0019] In the specific fabrication of the aforementioned antenna element, the feed structure and the antenna element can be formed on the same dielectric substrate. Specifically, two radiators in one polarization direction can be located on one layer of the dielectric substrate, while two radiators in the other polarization direction can be located on another layer. This approach helps reduce the antenna's size and improve its integration density.

[0020] Secondly, this application also provides an antenna, which includes a feeding network and a plurality of antenna elements provided in the first aspect, wherein the feeding structure of the antenna elements is connected to the feeding network. This antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, and it has a high gain, a small aperture, and a wide bandwidth.

[0021] Thirdly, this application also provides a communication device, which includes the antenna provided in the first aspect, as well as a mounting bracket and a radio frequency device. The antenna is mounted on the mounting bracket, and the antenna's feeding structure is electrically connected to the radio frequency device. The antenna in this solution has a high gain, a small aperture, and a wide bandwidth. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applicable to the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station in one embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of one type of antenna in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the antenna vibrator in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of current flow in the first and second radiators of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of current flow in the first and second radiators of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna vibrator in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one type of feeding of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another power supply for the antenna vibrator in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] 1-Antenna; 11-Radar radome;

[0034] 12-Antenna element; 121-Radiator;

[0035] 1211-First transmission line; 12111-First connecting part;

[0036] 12112 - Second connecting part; 1212 - First radiating arm;

[0037] 1213 - Second radiating arm; 1214 - Second transmission line;

[0038] 12141 - Third connecting part; 12142 - Fourth connecting part;

[0039] 122 - Branch; 123 - Additional branch;

[0040] 13-Feeding network; 131-Feeding structure;

[0041] 1311 - Feeder cable; 14 - Dielectric board;

[0042] 141 - Conductive via; 15 - Balun;

[0043] 2-Mounting bracket; 3-Antenna adjustment bracket;

[0044] 4-RF processing unit; 5-Baseband processing unit;

[0045] 6 - Cable; X - First polarization direction;

[0046] Y-second polarization direction. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the antenna vibrator, antenna, and communication system provided in the embodiments of this application, their application scenarios are described below. Figure 1 An exemplary schematic diagram of a communication system architecture applicable to embodiments of this application is shown, such as... Figure 1As shown, the communication system can be a base station antenna system. This application scenario can include base stations and terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BSS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of radio signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an Evolutionary Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station may be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0048] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a possible structure of a base station according to an embodiment of this application. A base station typically includes structures such as an antenna 1, a mounting frame 2, and an antenna adjustment bracket 3. The antenna 1 can be mounted on the mounting frame 2 via the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals from the antenna 1. Of course, Figure 2 The embodiments shown are merely one optional implementation. In actual implementation, the antenna and base station in the embodiments of this application may differ from... Figure 2 The embodiments shown are different, and this application does not limit them.

[0049] The base station antenna 1 may also include an radome 11. The radome 11 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the influence of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thereby protecting the antenna 1 from the influence of the external environment. The antenna 1 can be mounted on a pole 2 or a tower via an antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals from the antenna 1.

[0050] Additionally, the base station may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 4 and a baseband processing unit 5. For example, the RF processing unit 4 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 1, and convert it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal for transmission to the baseband processing unit 5. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 4 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal from the baseband processing unit 5 and transmit it as an electromagnetic wave through the antenna 1. The baseband processing unit 5 can be connected to the feed network 13 of the antenna 1 via the RF processing unit 4. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 4 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), or it may be an RF module in an active antenna unit (AAU), and the baseband processing unit 5 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0051] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 4 can be integrated with the antenna 1, and the baseband processing unit 5 is located at the far end of the antenna 1. In some other embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can also be located at the far end of the antenna 1 simultaneously. The radio frequency processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can be connected via a cable 6.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a possible antenna configuration in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the antenna 1 includes multiple antenna elements 12 and a feed network 13. The antenna elements 12, also referred to as radiating elements or vibrators, effectively transmit or receive antenna signals. In the antenna 1, the frequencies of different antenna elements 12 can be the same or different. The antenna elements 12 are connected to the feed network 13, which powers the antenna elements 12. Specifically, the feed network 13 is typically composed of controlled impedance transmission lines. The feed network 13 can feed signals to the antenna elements 12 with a certain amplitude and phase, or transmit signals received by the antenna elements 12 to the baseband processing unit 5 of the base station with a certain amplitude and phase. Specifically, in some embodiments, the feed network 13 can be used to achieve different radiation beam directions, or connected to a calibration network to obtain the calibration signals required by the system. The feed network 13 may also include modules for performance enhancement, such as combiners, which can combine signals of different frequencies into one for transmission through the antenna element 12; or, in reverse, can be used to split the signals received by the antenna element 12 into multiple paths according to different frequencies for transmission to the baseband processing unit for processing; or filters, for example, to filter out interference signals. In specific embodiments, multiple antenna elements 12 can form an antenna element array and operate in array form.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna element in one embodiment of this application. The antenna in this embodiment includes multiple elements such as... Figure 4 The antenna element 12 shown includes four radiators 121 and four feed structures 131. Each radiator 121 includes a first transmission line 1211, a first radiating arm 1212, a second radiating arm 1213, and a second transmission line 1214 connected sequentially. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiators 121 are respectively connected to the feed network 13, feeding power to the first radiating arm 1212 and the second radiating arm 1213. In a specific embodiment, the first transmission line 1211, the first radiating arm 1212, the second radiating arm 1213, and the second transmission line 1214 can be integrally formed linear structures.

[0054] In specific embodiments of this application, the description of the radiators may mean that each radiator of the antenna element satisfies the description, or at least one radiator of the antenna element satisfies the description. The different radiators of the antenna element may have the same, similar, or different structures. For example, each radiator 121 may include a first transmission line 1211, a first radiating arm 1212, a second radiating arm 1213, and a second transmission line 1214 connected in sequence. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 are respectively connected to the feed network 13, feeding the first radiating arm 1212 and the second radiating arm 1213. Similarly, in specific embodiments of this application, the description of the feed structure may mean that each feed structure of the antenna element satisfies the description, or at least one feed structure of the antenna element satisfies the description.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna element 12 in this embodiment includes four radiators 121. For ease of description, these four radiators 121 are considered to be a first radiator 121(a), a second radiator 121(b), a third radiator 121(c), and a fourth radiator 121(d). The first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) radiate signals along a first polarization direction. The third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) radiate signals along a second polarization direction, forming a dual-polarized antenna element 12. The first polarization direction X and the second polarization direction Y intersect.

[0056] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4In this embodiment, the antenna feed structure 131 is connected to the feed network 13 and to the radiator 121, and is used to feed the radiator 121. For one antenna element 12, the corresponding feed structure 131 includes a first feed structure 131(o), a second feed structure 131(p), a third feed structure 131(q), and a fourth feed structure 131(r). The feed structure 131 includes a power divider, making it a 1-to-2 feed structure, and one feed structure 131 can connect two radiators 121. The currents of the two transmission lines connected to the same 1-to-2 feed structure are parallel and in phase. Specifically, the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are connected in parallel and connected to the first feed structure 131(o). Therefore, the current directions of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are opposite. Similarly, the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are connected in parallel and connected to the second feed structure 131(p). The current directions of the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are opposite. Conversely, the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected in parallel and to the third feed structure 131(q), with the current directions of the first transmission lines 1211(c) and 1211(d) of the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) being opposite; the second transmission lines 1214(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and 1214(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected in parallel and to the fourth feed structure 131(r), with the current directions of the second transmission lines 1214(c) and 1214(d) of the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) being opposite. In this scheme, the structure of the feed structure 131 is relatively simple, which is beneficial for further reducing the antenna aperture and improving the antenna gain. It is understandable that, under the same gain, the antenna aperture in the embodiments provided in this application is smaller; under the same aperture, the antenna gain in the embodiments provided in this application is larger.

[0057] Unless otherwise specified, the term "connection" in the embodiments of this application may refer to a direct physical connection, in which the two are in contact; or it may refer to a connection through coupling, in which the two are not in contact.

[0058] In this embodiment, the radiator 121 is fed from a first transmission line 1211 and a second transmission line 1214 located at both ends, forming an end-fed dipole. The first and second transmission lines 1211 and 1214, besides connecting to the feeding structure 131 and feeding the radiator 121, also serve as radiating arms to radiate signals. The antenna operates in different states depending on the frequency band it operates in. For example, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of current flow in the first and second radiators of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application. The dashed lines in the diagram indicate the direction of current flow. Figure 5 As shown, when operating in the first operating frequency band, the antenna operates in the first operating state. In this first operating state, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are used to achieve signal radiation in one polarization direction of the antenna element 12. For the first radiator 121(a), the current direction of the first transmission line 1211(a) is opposite to the current direction of the first radiating arm 1212(a), and a current zero point is formed at the intersection of the first transmission line 1211(a) and the first radiating arm 1212(a); the current direction of the first radiating arm 1212(a) is the same as the current direction of the second radiating arm 1213(a); the current direction of the second transmission line 1214(a) is opposite to the current direction of the second radiating arm 1213(a), and a current zero point is formed at the intersection of the second transmission line 1214(a) and the second radiating arm 1213(a); the current direction of the first transmission line 1211(a) is the same as the current direction of the second transmission line 1214(a). The first radiating arm 1212(a) and the second radiating arm 1213(a) of the first radiator 121(a) work together to form a single-element array, and the first transmission line 1211(a) and the second transmission line 1214(a) work together to form a single-element array. Similarly, the first radiating arm 1212(b) and the second radiating arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b) work together to form a single-element array, and the first transmission line 1211(a) and the second transmission line 1214(a) work together to form a single-element array, thus forming a four-element array in one polarization direction of the antenna element 12. Correspondingly, the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) can also form a four-element array, meaning that the other polarization direction of the antenna element 12 can also form a four-element array. The antenna in this design can achieve good gain with a relatively small aperture.

[0059] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of current flow in the first and second radiators of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, when operating in the second operating frequency band, the antenna operates in a second operating state. In this second operating state, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are used to achieve signal radiation in one polarization direction of the antenna element 12. The currents generated by the first transmission line 1211, the first radiating arm 1212, the second radiating arm 1213, and the second transmission line 1214 are in the same direction. This causes the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) to form loop currents, and the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) to also form loop currents.

[0060] In the technical solution of this application, the antenna can work in different operating frequency bands, which can improve the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the first operating frequency band can be higher than the second operating frequency band. For example, the first operating frequency band can be 700MHz to 900MHz; the second operating frequency band can be 600MHz to 700MHz, so the bandwidth of the antenna can be 600MHz to 900MHz, which is a relatively wide bandwidth.

[0062] In this application's technical solution, the radiator 121 is sequentially connected to a first transmission line 1211, a first radiating arm 1212, a second radiating arm 1213, and a second transmission line 1214, forming a quadrilateral. In a specific embodiment, adjacent lines of the first transmission line 1211, first radiating arm 1212, second radiating arm 1213, and second transmission line 1214 are perpendicular. Specifically, the first transmission line 1211 is perpendicular to the first radiating arm 1212, the first radiating arm 1212 is perpendicular to the second radiating arm 1213, and the second radiating arm 1213 is perpendicular to the second transmission line 1214, thus making the radiator 121 approximately rectangular or square. In practice, the transition between adjacent lines can be an arc rather than an absolute right angle. In other embodiments, the first transmission line 1211, first radiating arm 1212, second radiating arm 1213, and second transmission line 1214 form a rhombus or similar shape.

[0063] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 4In one specific embodiment, the first polarization direction X and the second polarization direction Y are perpendicular. Specifically, the first polarization direction X can be at a 45° angle, and the second polarization direction Y can be at a -45° angle. In this embodiment, four radiators 121 can be arranged in an array, with the first radiator 121(a) and the third radiator 121(c) arranged in one row, the fourth radiator 121(d) and the second radiator 121(b) arranged in another row, the first radiator 121(a) and the fourth radiator 121(d) arranged in one column, and the third radiator 121(c) and the second radiator 121(b) arranged in another column. Further, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are arranged diagonally, and the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are arranged diagonally on the other side.

[0064] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 4-6 In a specific implementation of the above embodiments, the power supply structure 131 can include a power supply line 1311, with each power supply line connecting the transmission lines of two radiators 121, thus splitting the power supply structure 131 into two and connecting the radiators 121 connected to the same power supply line 1311 in parallel. The first transmission line 1211 and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 are respectively connected to the power supply line 1311. The first transmission line 1211 includes a first connecting portion 12111 and a second connecting portion 12112 connected to each other. The second connecting portion 12112 is connected to the power supply line 1311, and the first connecting portion 12111 is connected to the first radiating arm 1212. Similarly, the second transmission line 1214 includes a third connecting portion 12141 and a fourth connecting portion 12142 connected to each other. The fourth connecting portion 12142 is connected to the power supply line 1311, and the third connecting portion 12141 is connected to the second radiating arm 1213.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the feed line 1311 can be a coaxial inner and outer conductor structure. The feed line 1311 can be connected between two radiators 121, or in other words, the two radiators 121 connected to the same feed line 1311 are symmetrically arranged about the connection point between the feed line 1311 and the radiator 121, so that the antenna element 12 is formed as a center-fed dipole.

[0066] Please continue to refer to this. Figures 4-6In one implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder wire 1311. Specifically, the second connecting portion 12112 can be thicker and the feeder wire 1311 thinner; or, the second connecting portion 12112 can be thicker and the feeder wire 1311 thinner. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the second connecting portion 12112 and the feeder wire 1311 is the same, so the width of the second connecting portion 12112 can be different from the width of the feeder wire 1311. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feeder wire 1311. Specifically, the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be thicker and the feeder wire 1311 thinner; or, the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be thinner and the feeder wire 1311 thicker. In a specific embodiment, the fourth connecting portion 12142 has the same thickness as the feed line 1311. Alternatively, the width of the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be different from the width of the feed line 1311. In this scheme, the transmission lines in the feed path have varying thicknesses, allowing for impedance matching and increased bandwidth. Furthermore, the thicker transmission lines connected to the feed line 1311 (the second connecting portion and the fourth connecting portion) increase inductance, causing the resonant point of the radiator 121 to shift towards higher frequencies.

[0067] In another possible implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting portion 12112 is different from that of the first connecting portion 12111. Specifically, the second connecting portion 12112 can be thicker and the first connecting portion 12111 thinner; or, the second connecting portion 12112 can be thinner and the first connecting portion 12111 thicker. In a specific embodiment, the second connecting portion 12112 and the first connecting portion 12111 have the same thickness, and the width of the second connecting portion 12112 can be different from the width of the first connecting portion 12111. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting portion 12142 is different from that of the third connecting portion 12141. Specifically, the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be thicker and the third connecting portion 12141 thinner; or, the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be thinner and the third connecting portion 12141 thicker. In a specific embodiment, the fourth connecting portion 12142 has the same thickness as the third connecting portion 12141. Alternatively, the width of the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be different from the width of the third connecting portion 12141. Similarly, the first connecting portion 12111 and the second connecting portion 12112 of the first transmission line 1211 can be considered part of the feed path, and the third connecting portion 12141 and the fourth connecting portion 12142 of the second transmission line 1214 can also be considered part of the feed path. This is equivalent to the transmission lines in the feed path having varying thicknesses, allowing for impedance matching and increased bandwidth.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed line 1311, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting portion 12112 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the first connecting portion 12111. For example, the second connecting portion 12112 can be made thicker relative to both sides. Similarly, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the feed line 1311, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting portion 12142 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the third connecting portion 12141. For example, the fourth connecting portion 12142 can be made thicker relative to both sides. In this scheme, the transmission line thickness varies considerably in the feed path, which is beneficial for improving impedance matching and increasing bandwidth.

[0069] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In a specific embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiating arm 1212 is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the second radiating arm 1213. For example... Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the second radiating arm 1213 is thicker than the first radiating arm 1212. This variation in the thickness of the different radiating arms of the radiator facilitates impedance matching and improves bandwidth.

[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, in one possible embodiment, the antenna element 12 may also be provided with branches 122. Specifically, the first radiating arm 1212, the second radiating arm 1213, the first transmission line 1211, and the second transmission line 1214 of the radiator 121 may be connected to branches 122 respectively. This can achieve high-frequency decoupling, especially when the antenna includes antenna elements 12 with multiple frequency bands. By simultaneously providing the branches 122, the influence of this antenna element on higher frequency band antenna elements can be reduced, which is beneficial for realizing multi-band collaborative operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna. The branches 122 of the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are symmetrically arranged about the first direction X, and the branches 122 of the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are symmetrically arranged about the second direction Y. This can reduce the influence of the branches on the direction of the radiated signal of the antenna element 12.

[0071] In a specific implementation, the aforementioned branch 122 can be an L-shaped branch, a cross-shaped branch, or a T-shaped branch; this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0072] In addition, please continue to refer to Figure 7Additional stubs 123 may also be provided within the radiator 121. These additional stubs 123 are located only within the radiator 121 and are not electrically connected to any radiating arm or transmission line. The additional stubs 123 of the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) are symmetrical about the first direction X, and the additional stubs 123 of the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are symmetrical about the second direction Y. Similarly, this scheme can achieve high-frequency decoupling, especially when the antenna includes antenna elements 12 with multiple frequency bands. By simultaneously providing the aforementioned stubs 122, the influence of the antenna element 12 on higher frequency antenna elements 12 can be reduced, which is beneficial for achieving multi-band coordinated operation of the antenna and reducing the aperture occupied by the antenna.

[0073] The aforementioned additional branches can be symmetrical branches, thereby making the polarization direction of the antenna vibrator more stable and accurate.

[0074] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the antenna vibrator in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, in another possible embodiment, the lengths of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are unequal, as are the lengths of the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d). In this embodiment, the different lengths of the two parallel transmission lines connected to the same feed network allow the radiator 121 to introduce a preset phase, deflecting the beam of the radiator towards the side of the longer transmission line to adapt to the beam deflection requirements in harsh reflector environments. Compared to a single dipole, the radiator of this application has a more significant preset phase effect. This scheme allows the length of the transmission line of the radiator 121 to be designed according to the beam deflection requirements, with a relatively simple adjustment method, and can have a better beam horizontal deflection advantage in asymmetrical environments.

[0075] In a further embodiment, the lengths of the second transmission line 1214(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second transmission line 1214(b) of the second radiator 121(b) may be unequal, as may the lengths of the second transmission line 1214(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the second transmission line 1214(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d).

[0076] like Figure 8In the illustrated embodiment, the first radiating arm 1212(a) of the first radiator 121(a), the second radiating arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b), the first radiating arm 1212(c) of the third radiator 121(c), and the second radiating arm 1213(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d) are parallel. The lengths of the first radiating arm 1212(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiating arm 1213(b) of the second radiator 121(b) are unequal, as are the lengths of the first radiating arm 1212(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the second radiating arm 1213(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d). In this design, each radiator 121 is approximately rectangular.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, there is a first length difference between the length of the first transmission line 1211(a) of the first radiator 121(a) and the length of the first transmission line 1211(b) of the second radiator 121(b), and a second length difference between the length of the first transmission line 1211(c) of the third radiator 121(c) and the length of the first transmission line 1211(d) of the fourth radiator 121(d). The first and second length differences can be equal, making the structure of the entire antenna element 12 more regular, which helps to reduce the space occupied by the antenna element 12 and reduce the aperture of the antenna. Furthermore, it can also make the radiated signals of the antenna in the two polarization directions the same or similar.

[0078] The first and second length differences mentioned above can be designed and selected according to actual beam deflection requirements. In one specific embodiment, the first length difference can be 7mm, and the second length difference can also be 7mm.

[0079] In the specific fabrication of the antenna described above, the feed structure 131 and the antenna element 12 can be formed on the same dielectric substrate 14. Specifically, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) can be disposed on the same layer of the dielectric substrate 14, for example, the first layer, while the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) can be disposed on another layer of the dielectric substrate 14, for example, the second layer. For example, the first radiator 121(a) and the second radiator 121(b) can be disposed on one side surface of the dielectric substrate 14, while the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) can be disposed on the other side surface of the dielectric substrate 14. In this scheme, the antenna element 12 is formed as a planar structure and is relatively easy to manufacture. Furthermore, in this scheme, the radiators 121 of the two polarization directions are staggered in height and are located on different layers of the dielectric substrate 14, thereby insulating the radiators 121 of the two polarization directions to achieve dual polarization. Furthermore, the radiators 121 with different polarization directions are close to each other, which can form coupling, thus which is beneficial to realizing the broadband characteristics of the antenna element 12.

[0080] Specifically, when forming the feeding structure 131, the overall feeding structure 131 can be located on the same layer as the radiator 121 in one polarization direction, and the radiator 121 in the other polarization direction can be connected to the feeding structure 131 through a conductive via 141. For example, Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the feed structure 131, the first radiator 121(a), and the second radiator 121(b) are disposed on the first layer of the dielectric substrate 14, and the third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are disposed on the second layer of the dielectric substrate 14. The third radiator 121(c) and the fourth radiator 121(d) are connected to the feed structure 131 through a conductive via 141. In other embodiments, radiators and feed structures on different layers can also be connected by coupling.

[0081] The antenna in this embodiment can support different types of feeding methods, including direct coaxial feeding and balun feeding, depending on the specific design and selection requirements. When the antenna is fed through a balun, the balun can be either a linear balun or a cross-shaped balun. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one type of feeding method for the antenna element in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna element in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 and Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the power supply for the 15-pin baron is shown. Among them, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a straight balun as a power supply structure. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a slanted balun as a feeding structure. A single antenna can include both straight and slanted baluns; through the flexible configuration of straight and slanted baluns, the array spacing can be effectively increased in a compact space.

[0082] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope and intent of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna vibrator, characterized in that, It includes four radiators and four feeding structures, the feeding structures being connected to the radiators and used to feed the radiators; The radiator includes a first transmission line, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, and a second transmission line connected in sequence, with the first transmission line and the second transmission line respectively connected to the feeding structure; The four radiators are designated as a first radiator, a second radiator, a third radiator, and a fourth radiator. The first radiator and the second radiator radiate signals along a first polarization direction; the third radiator and the fourth radiator radiate signals along a second polarization direction; the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction intersect. The power supply structure is a one-to-two power supply structure, which includes a first power supply structure, a second power supply structure, a third power supply structure, and a fourth power supply structure. The first transmission line of the first radiator and the first transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the first power supply structure. The second transmission line of the first radiator and the second transmission line of the second radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the second power supply structure. The first transmission line of the third radiator and the first transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the third power supply structure. The second transmission line of the third radiator and the second transmission line of the fourth radiator are connected in parallel and connected to the fourth power supply structure.

2. The antenna vibrator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the first transmission lines of the first radiator and the second radiator are not equal, and the lengths of the first transmission lines of the third radiator and the fourth radiator are not equal.

3. The antenna vibrator as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.

4. The antenna vibrator as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first transmission line of the radiator is perpendicular to the first radiating arm, the first radiating arm is perpendicular to the second radiating arm, and the second radiating arm is perpendicular to the second transmission line.

5. The antenna vibrator as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The power supply structure includes a power supply line. The first transmission line includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part connected to each other. The second connecting part is connected to the power supply line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting part is different from that of the power supply line. The second transmission line includes a third connecting part and a fourth connecting part connected to each other. The fourth connecting part is connected to the power supply line, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting part is different from that of the power supply line.

6. The antenna vibrator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the second connecting part is different from that of the first connecting part, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the fourth connecting part is different from that of the third connecting part.

7. The antenna vibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the first radiating arm is different from that of the second radiating arm.

8. The antenna vibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the first transmission line, and the second transmission line of the radiator are each connected to a branch.

9. The antenna vibrator as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The branches include at least one of L-shaped branches, cross-shaped branches, or T-shaped branches.

10. The antenna vibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The radiator has additional branches inside, and the additional branches of the first radiator and the second radiator are symmetrical about the first direction, while the additional branches of the third radiator and the fourth radiator are symmetrical about the second direction.

11. The antenna vibrator as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The additional branches are symmetrical branches.

12. The antenna vibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The feeding structure and the antenna vibrator are formed on the same dielectric substrate.

13. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes a feeding network and a plurality of antenna elements as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the feeding structure is connected to the feeding network.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, The antenna as described in claim 13 further includes a mounting bracket and a radio frequency device, the antenna being mounted on the mounting bracket, and the antenna's feed network being electrically connected to the radio frequency device.

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