High-branch grafting method for Chinese prickly ash

Abstract

The invention discloses a pepper high-branch grafting method which comprises the following steps: firstly, sawing off the part, 20-60cm away from the ground, of a stock, flattening the cross section, and removing pepper thorns within 10cm around the cross section; then, obliquely cutting a skin layer on one side of the section to reach the xylem; the scion is firstly obliquely cut and then vertically cut from the opposite side to the xylem. Then inserting the scion into the stock, aligning the cambium and slightly exposing the upper end of the scion; on the premise that the scion is not touched, a special film belt for grafting is used for binding the connector from bottom to top, and a bud on one side of the base of the scion is reserved. Besides, the portion, 5-10 cm below the connecting point, of the stock is coated with a layer of dry-wet adjusting material through a film belt special for grafting, the film belt is composed of zeolite with the particle size of 3-4 mm and montmorillonite, and holes with the spacing of 3-5 cm and the diameter of 1-2 mm are formed in the film belt so that the proper humidity of the connecting point can be kept. The method ensures that the interface is moist, improves the grafting survival rate, promotes healthy growth of the Chinese prickly ash tree, realizes variety improvement, and provides technical support for the Chinese prickly ash industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and particularly relates to a high-branch grafting method for pepper. Background Art

[0002] Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important economic tree species, which is widely used in many fields such as food seasoning, medicine and industry. With the continuous development of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting industry, the demand for the improvement of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties is becoming increasingly urgent, in order to improve the yield, quality, stress resistance and other excellent traits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Grafting, as a commonly used asexual reproduction technology, plays a key role in the improvement of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties.

[0003] Grafting is the process of grafting a branch or bud of one plant onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two are combined to form a new plant. Through grafting, some of the excellent characteristics of the rootstock (such as a well-developed root system and strong stress resistance) can be combined with the excellent economic traits of the scion (such as high yield and high quality), so as to quickly improve existing varieties or cultivate new varieties with more advantages.

[0004] Among the grafting techniques of Sichuan pepper, high-branch grafting is a special grafting method, which is performed on the higher branches of adult Sichuan pepper trees. Compared with traditional low-position grafting, high-branch grafting can renew the tree crown in a shorter time, quickly achieve variety improvement, and does not affect the tree structure and root function of the original Sichuan pepper tree. It is of great significance for some Sichuan pepper forests that have entered the fruiting period but need to optimize the variety.

[0005] However, in the early stage after grafting, although the cambium of the stock and scion began to interact, the water conduction channel between them was not yet fully established and unobstructed. In addition, since the high branch grafting position is higher, the air circulation is relatively good, and the water evaporation rate of the high branch is faster than that of the low branch, which makes the interface easy to dry, affecting the division and healing of cells. Moreover, the high branch is more susceptible to wind, causing the interface between the scion and the stock to shake, which is not conducive to the docking and healing of the cambium. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention aims to provide a method for grafting high branches of prickly ash, which can keep suitable humidity at the interface.

[0007] A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in this scheme comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Saw or cut the rootstock at a relatively smooth and straight part 20 to 60 cm above the ground, flatten the cross section, and then remove the prickly ash thorns within 10 cm around the grafting site;

[0009] Step 2: Make an oblique cut from bottom to top on one side of the cross section, cutting the cortex 2 to 3 cm deep into the wood;

[0010] Step 3: First, make an oblique cut from the bud side of the scion, with a cut length of 0.5 to 1 cm, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom from the opposite side, deep into the wood, with a cut length of 2.5 to 3.5 cm;

[0011] Step 4: Insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, so that the cambium of the rootstock and scion are aligned and closely connected, and the upper end of the scion is slightly exposed;

[0012] Step 5: Without touching the scion, use a special film tape for grafting to tie the interface from bottom to top, leaving the bud on one side of the scion base, and cover the cross section with the special film tape for grafting;

[0013] Step 6. Use a special film tape for grafting to cover a layer of dry-wet conditioning material on the rootstock. The dry-wet conditioning material is located 5 to 10 cm below the connection point. The dry-wet conditioning material includes zeolite and montmorillonite with a particle size of 3 to 4 mm. The special film tape for grafting is evenly distributed with holes, the spacing between the holes is 3 to 5 cm, and the hole diameter is 1 to 2 mm.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The high-branch grafting method does not affect the tree structure and root function of the original pepper tree, so that the grafted pepper tree can renew its crown in a relatively short period of time, achieving variety improvement while continuing to use the original root system to absorb water and nutrients, ensuring the normal growth and development of the tree, reducing overall damage to the tree, and is conducive to the long-term and stable production of the pepper tree.

[0015] In addition, after grafting, a dry-wet conditioning material containing zeolite and montmorillonite of a specific particle size is coated on the rootstock. It is located 5 to 10 cm below the joint and can effectively adjust the humidity around the interface. When dry, it can release the stored moisture to keep the interface moist; when the humidity is high, it absorbs excess moisture to prevent the interface from rotting. This makes the humidity environment at the interface more stable, which is conducive to cell division and tissue regeneration, and accelerates interface healing. The zeolite and montmorillonite in the dry-wet conditioning material themselves have a certain physical stability, which can reduce the impact of external environmental changes such as temperature fluctuations and wind impact on the interface to a certain extent.

[0016] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the zeolite to the montmorillonite is 2 to 3: 1. Zeolite has a large specific surface area and adsorption performance, and is mainly responsible for adsorbing and releasing moisture to regulate humidity; montmorillonite can assist zeolite to a certain extent and enhance the overall regulation effect. The volume ratio of zeolite to montmorillonite is 2 to 3: 1, which can achieve a good balance in regulating humidity.

[0017] Furthermore, the zeolite and montmorillonite are soaked in an auxin solution for 24 to 48 hours before use, and the auxin solution contains auxin and cytokinin. The zeolite and montmorillonite are soaked in a solution containing auxin and cytokinin before use, so that these plant growth regulators can be slowly released within a period of time after grafting. Since the zeolite and montmorillonite have been dried before use, it does not affect the subsequent adjustment of the humidity of the docking point.

[0018] Furthermore, the auxin is naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indolebutyric acid (IBA). Auxin (naphthaleneacetic acid or indolebutyric acid) can promote rooting of scion and growth of new shoots.

[0019] Furthermore, the cytokinin is kinetin (KT) or 6-benzyladenine (6-BA). Cytokinin (kinetin or 6-benzyladenine) is beneficial to the cell division at the interface and the differentiation of buds.

[0020] Furthermore, the auxin solution also includes methyl thiophanate, which can effectively prevent and treat a variety of fungal diseases, prevent pathogens from invading the interface during the interface healing process, protect the healthy tissues of the scion and the rootstock, and especially effectively avoid the occurrence of gummosis.

[0021] Furthermore, the rootstock is selected from a well-growing, strong, 2-8 year old prickly ash tree. The root system of a 2-8 year old prickly ash tree is relatively developed, which can provide sufficient water and nutrients for the grafted scion. At the same time, the physiological function of the tree is relatively stable, which is conducive to bearing the impact of the grafting operation and improving the healing speed after grafting and the growth quality of the scion.

[0022] Further, the scion is collected before the Zanthoxylum bungeanum buds sprout, and annual branches with full growth, full buds, and no pests and diseases are selected from the upper and middle parts of the outer crown as scions. The scions under this condition generally have rich nutrients and full buds, which are conducive to germination and growth after grafting. Moreover, the scions without pests and diseases can avoid bringing pathogens and pests into the grafting site, reduce the hidden dangers of pests and diseases, and lay the foundation for successful grafting.

[0023] Furthermore, the grafting time is from February to March or from September to October. When grafting in spring, the temperature gradually rises, the prickly ash tree begins to enter the growing season, the physiological activity of the rootstock and scion is enhanced, which is conducive to the healing of the interface and the growth of the scion; when grafting in autumn, the temperature is moderate, avoiding the high temperature in summer and the severe cold in winter. The scion has enough time to heal and adapt to the environment after grafting, reducing the adverse effects of extreme temperature on grafting and improving the success rate of grafting.

[0024] Furthermore, 30 to 40 days after grafting, remove the bandage and dry-wet conditioning material. 30 to 40 days after grafting, the interface between the scion and the rootstock is basically healed, and the scion has begun to grow normally. Removing the bandage can avoid its restraint on the growth of new shoots, allowing the scion to grow freely; at the same time, removing the dry-wet conditioning material can gradually adapt the environment around the interface to the external environment and promote the natural growth regulation of the tree. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0026] Embodiment 1: A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Carry out high-branch grafting of pepper in mid-February, and select a pepper tree (low-yield and low-efficiency pepper forest) with good growth, strong body and 5-year age as the rootstock; saw or cut the rootstock at a relatively smooth and straight position 20 to 60 cm above the ground, flatten the section to make the fracture smooth and not torn, and then remove the pepper thorns within 10 cm around the grafting site; collect the scion before the pepper buds sprout, select one-year-old branches with full growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests from the middle and upper part of the outer crown as the scion, cut off the sparse small thorns, retain the branch segments with 8 to 10 full buds, collect the scion nearby, and use it now;

[0028] Step 2: Make an oblique cut from bottom to top on one side of the cross section, cutting the cortex 2.5 to 3 cm long and reaching the xylem;

[0029] Step 3: First, make an oblique cut from the bud side of the scion, with a cut length of 0.8 to 1 cm, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom from the opposite side, deep into the wood, with a cut length of 2.8 to 3.2 cm;

[0030] Step 4: Insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, aligning the cambium of the rootstock and scion and making them closely connected, with the upper end of the scion slightly exposed, and insert one scion into one rootstock;

[0031] Step 5: Without touching the scion, use a special film tape for grafting to tie the interface from bottom to top, leaving the bud on one side of the scion base, and cover the cross section with the special film tape for grafting;

[0032] Step 6: After the scion is grafted, post-grafting management is carried out, including:

[0033] 1. Remove buds: After grafting, promptly cut off the branches below the interface. Within 15 to 30 days after grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. In the later period, bud removal should also be carried out regularly to prevent the buds from competing with the scion for nutrients and water. The main thing is to protect the buds on the scion and not touch the scion.

[0034] 2. Remove the bandage: Remove the bandage in time 35 days after survival to facilitate the normal growth of the scion. According to the regional climate conditions and wind strength, bamboo poles or wooden sticks can be used to set up brackets for fixing and binding to prevent the scion branches from being broken by excessive wind.

[0035] 3. Pest and disease control: Take the measures of "prevention first, integrated control", give priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and combine chemical control technology. The selection and use of pesticides shall comply with the provisions of NY / T 393.

[0036] 3.1 Agricultural prevention and control: Use scientific fertilization, irrigation and other measures to create a good environment for the growth and development of pepper trees, promote the growth of strong trees, and improve the ability to resist diseases and insect pests. Select disease-free rootstocks and scions.

[0037] 3.2 Physical control: Use physical methods such as insect-attracting color plates (yellow plates), sticky insect tapes, and LED insecticidal lamps to lure and kill pests.

[0038] 3.3 Biological control: protect natural enemies of pests, artificially release natural enemies such as trichogrammatids, scleroderma, ladybugs, etc., and use biological pesticides.

[0039] 3.4 Chemical control: Based on the biological characteristics and hazard features of the control targets, the use of mineral-based pesticides and low-toxic organic synthetic pesticides is allowed. The use of pesticides that are expressly prohibited by the state and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides are prohibited.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum comprises the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Carry out high-branch grafting of pepper in mid-February, and select a pepper tree (low-yield and low-efficiency pepper forest) with good growth, strong body and 5-year age as the rootstock; saw or cut the rootstock at a relatively smooth and straight position 20 to 60 cm above the ground, flatten the section to make the fracture smooth and not torn, and then remove the pepper thorns within 10 cm around the grafting site; collect the scion before the pepper buds sprout, select one-year-old branches with full growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests from the middle and upper part of the outer crown as the scion, cut off the sparse small thorns, retain the branch segments with 8 to 10 full buds, collect the scion nearby, and use it now;

[0043] Step 2: Make an oblique cut from bottom to top on one side of the cross section, cutting the cortex 2.5 to 3 cm long and reaching the xylem;

[0044] Step 3: First, make an oblique cut from the bud side of the scion, with a cut length of 0.8 to 1 cm, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom from the opposite side, deep into the wood, with a cut length of 2.8 to 3.2 cm;

[0045] Step 4: Insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, aligning the cambium of the rootstock and scion and making them closely connected, with the upper end of the scion slightly exposed, and insert one scion into one rootstock;

[0046] Step 5: Without touching the scion, use a special film tape for grafting to tie the interface from bottom to top, leaving the bud on one side of the scion base, and cover the cross section with the special film tape for grafting;

[0047] Step 6: Use a grafting film tape to cover a layer of dry-wet conditioning material on the rootstock, and the dry-wet conditioning material is located 6 to 8 cm below the connection point; the dry-wet conditioning material includes zeolite and montmorillonite with a particle size of 3 to 4 mm, and the volume ratio of zeolite to montmorillonite is 2:1; holes are evenly distributed on the grafting film tape, and the spacing between the holes is 3 to 5 cm, and the hole diameter is 1 to 2 mm; zeolite and montmorillonite are soaked in an auxin solution for 36 hours before use, and then fished out until no water drips, and the auxin solution contains naphthylacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, and methylthiophanate, and the dosage of naphthylacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, and methylthiophanate is operated according to the instruction manual;

[0048] Step 7: After the scion is grafted, post-grafting management is carried out, including:

[0049] 1. Remove buds: After grafting, promptly cut off the branches below the interface. Within 15 to 30 days after grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. In the later period, bud removal should also be carried out regularly to prevent the buds from competing with the scion for nutrients and water. The main thing is to protect the buds on the scion and not touch the scion.

[0050] 2. Remove the bandage: 35 days after the scion is established, remove the bandage and dry-wet conditioning material in time to facilitate the normal growth of the scion. According to the regional climate conditions and wind strength, bamboo poles or wooden sticks can be used to set up brackets for fixing and binding to prevent the scion branches from being broken by excessive wind.

[0051] 3. Pest and disease control: Take the measures of "prevention first, integrated control", give priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and combine chemical control technology. The selection and use of pesticides shall comply with the provisions of NY / T 393.

[0052] 3.1 Agricultural prevention and control: Use scientific fertilization, irrigation and other measures to create a good environment for the growth and development of pepper trees, promote the growth of strong trees, and improve the ability to resist diseases and insect pests. Select disease-free rootstocks and scions.

[0053] 3.2 Physical control: Use physical methods such as insect-attracting color plates (yellow plates), sticky insect tapes, and LED insecticidal lamps to lure and kill pests.

[0054] 3.3 Biological control: protect natural enemies of pests, artificially release natural enemies such as trichogrammatids, scleroderma, ladybugs, etc., and use biological pesticides.

[0055] 3.4 Chemical control: Based on the biological characteristics and hazard features of the control targets, the use of mineral-based pesticides and low-toxic organic synthetic pesticides is allowed. The use of pesticides that are expressly prohibited by the state and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides are prohibited.

[0056] Embodiment 3:

[0057] A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum comprises the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Carry out high-branch grafting of pepper in mid-February, and select a pepper tree (low-yield and low-efficiency pepper forest) with good growth, strong body and 5-year age as the rootstock; saw or cut the rootstock at a relatively smooth and straight position 20 to 60 cm above the ground, flatten the section to make the fracture smooth and not torn, and then remove the pepper thorns within 10 cm around the grafting site; collect the scion before the pepper buds sprout, select one-year-old branches with full growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests from the middle and upper part of the outer crown as the scion, cut off the sparse small thorns, retain the branch segments with 8 to 10 full buds, collect the scion nearby, and use it now;

[0059] Step 2: Make an oblique cut from bottom to top on one side of the cross section, cutting the cortex 2.5 to 3 cm long and reaching the xylem;

[0060] Step 3: First, make an oblique cut from the bud side of the scion, with a cut length of 0.8 to 1 cm, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom from the opposite side, deep into the wood, with a cut length of 2.8 to 3.2 cm;

[0061] Step 4: Insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, aligning the cambium of the rootstock and scion and making them closely connected, with the upper end of the scion slightly exposed, and insert one scion into one rootstock;

[0062] Step 5: Without touching the scion, use a special film tape for grafting to tie the interface from bottom to top, leaving the bud on one side of the scion base, and cover the cross section with the special film tape for grafting;

[0063] Step 6: Use a grafting film tape to cover a layer of dry-wet conditioning material on the rootstock, and the dry-wet conditioning material is located 6 to 8 cm below the joint; the dry-wet conditioning material includes zeolite and montmorillonite with a particle size of 3 to 4 mm, and the volume ratio of zeolite to montmorillonite is 2:1; the grafting film tape is evenly distributed with holes, the spacing between the holes is 3 to 5 cm, and the hole diameter is 1 to 2 mm;

[0064] Step 7: After the scion is grafted, post-grafting management is carried out, including:

[0065] 1. Remove buds: After grafting, promptly cut off the branches below the interface. Within 15 to 30 days after grafting, promptly remove the buds on the rootstock. In the later period, bud removal should also be carried out regularly to prevent the buds from competing with the scion for nutrients and water. The main thing is to protect the buds on the scion and not touch the scion.

[0066] 2. Remove the bandage: 35 days after the scion is established, remove the bandage and dry-wet conditioning material in time to facilitate the normal growth of the scion. According to the regional climate conditions and wind strength, bamboo poles or wooden sticks can be used to set up brackets for fixing and binding to prevent the scion branches from being broken by excessive wind.

[0067] 3. Pest and disease control: Take the measures of "prevention first, integrated control", give priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and combine chemical control technology. The selection and use of pesticides shall comply with the provisions of NY / T 393.

[0068] 3.1 Agricultural prevention and control: Use scientific fertilization, irrigation and other measures to create a good environment for the growth and development of pepper trees, promote the growth of strong trees, and improve the ability to resist diseases and insect pests. Select disease-free rootstocks and scions.

[0069] 3.2 Physical control: Use physical methods such as insect-attracting color plates (yellow plates), sticky insect tapes, and LED insecticidal lamps to lure and kill pests.

[0070] 3.3 Biological control: protect natural enemies of pests, artificially release natural enemies such as trichogrammatids, scleroderma, ladybugs, etc., and use biological pesticides.

[0071] 3.4 Chemical control: Based on the biological characteristics and hazard features of the control targets, the use of mineral-based pesticides and low-toxic organic synthetic pesticides is allowed. The use of pesticides that are expressly prohibited by the state and the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides are prohibited.

[0072] In mid-February 2024, a high-branch grafting test of pepper was conducted in Wenquan Village, Dansha Street, Wuchuan County. The scion variety was selected as Zunyi red pepper numbered ZBM6. According to the grafting methods of Examples 1 to 3, 100 plants were grafted. The growth conditions of the rootstocks were similar. One month after grafting, the survival rate, gummosis incidence, germination time, and junction humidity range of pepper grafting were counted; the humidity detection site was the humidity 4 to 5 cm below the junction of the rootstock. The humidity was detected from the second day after grafting, and then every 2 days, for 5 consecutive times; the survival rate, gummosis incidence, germination time, and humidity range values ​​were all average values. The specific data are shown in the following table:

[0073] Group Grafting survival rate (%) Incidence of gum disease (%) Germination time (d) Humidity range (%) Example 1 98 0 15 92～95 Example 2 85 1 19 85～90 Example 3 76 3 20 80～90

[0074] From the above table, it can be seen that the wet-dry conditioning material of Example 1 has a high humidity in the early stage (about the first 10 days) after soaking, which ensures a higher humidity range at the grafting site of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. As the wet-dry conditioning material is bound to the stock for a longer time, the wet-dry conditioning material gradually dries, and its regulating effect on the wet-dryness of the stock becomes more obvious.

[0075] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Saw or cut the rootstock at a relatively smooth and straight part 20 to 60 cm above the ground, flatten the cross section, and then remove the prickly ash thorns within 10 cm around the grafting site; Step 2: Make an oblique cut from bottom to top on one side of the cross section, cutting the cortex 2 to 3 cm deep into the wood; Step 3: First, make an oblique cut from the bud side of the scion, with a cut length of 0.5 to 1 cm, and then make a vertical cut from top to bottom from the opposite side, deep into the wood, with a cut length of 2.5 to 3.5 cm; Step 4: Insert the scion between the cortex and xylem of the rootstock, so that the cambium of the rootstock and scion are aligned and closely connected, and the upper end of the scion is slightly exposed; Step 5: Without touching the scion, use a special film tape for grafting to tie the interface from bottom to top, leaving the bud on one side of the scion base, and cover the cross section with the special film tape for grafting; Step 6. Use a special film tape for grafting to cover a layer of dry-wet conditioning material on the rootstock. The dry-wet conditioning material is located 5 to 10 cm below the connection point. The dry-wet conditioning material includes zeolite and montmorillonite with a particle size of 3 to 4 mm. The special film tape for grafting is evenly distributed with holes, the spacing between the holes is 3 to 5 cm, and the hole diameter is 1 to 2 mm.

2. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the zeolite to the montmorillonite is 2-3:

1.

3. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The zeolite and montmorillonite are both soaked in an auxin solution for 24 to 48 hours before use, and the auxin solution contains auxin and cytokinin.

4. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxin is naphthylacetic acid or indolebutyric acid.

5. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cytokinin is kinetin or 6-benzyladenine.

6. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxin solution also includes thiophanate-methyl.

7. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rootstock is a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree which has good growth, a strong tree body and a tree age of 2 to 8 years.

8. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 7, characterized in that: The scion is collected before the buds of the pepper sprout, and one-year-old branches with full growth, full buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected from the middle and upper part of the outer crown of the tree as the scion.

9. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 8, characterized in that: The grafting time is from February to March or from September to October.

10. A method for high-branch grafting of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 9, characterized in that: 30 to 40 days after grafting, remove the bandage and dry-wet conditioning material.