A substrate cultivation method for blueberries

Abstract

This invention provides a method for substrate cultivation of blueberries. Tissue culture seedlings are planted in a container filled with a cultivation substrate, which includes a ring-shaped porous substrate and a formulated substrate. The ring-shaped porous substrate and the formulated substrate are placed in the container, with the ring-shaped porous substrate embedded in the formulated substrate. The tissue culture seedlings are then planted within the formulated substrate within the ring-shaped cylinder of the porous substrate. The ring-shaped porous substrate, in conjunction with the formulated substrate, rapidly absorbs and diffuses the nutrient solution, resulting in a more even distribution of the nutrient solution throughout the cultivation substrate. The ring-shaped porous substrate also has a water storage function, storing nutrient solution. When the water content of the surrounding formulated substrate decreases, it can diffuse the stored nutrient solution to the surrounding formulated substrate, acting as a buffer. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the ring-shaped porous substrate promotes amino acid degradation, which helps the plant absorb nitrogen from organic matter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for substrate cultivation of blueberries. Background Technology

[0002] Blueberries are a delicious and nutritious fruit. In recent years, they have gradually gained acceptance and recognition from consumers, and the planting area is gradually expanding. Currently, the main planting methods are open-field and substrate cultivation, with the latter becoming increasingly mainstream. Substrate cultivation allows for the regulation and control of the root environment throughout the entire growth period of blueberries, avoiding many problems associated with soil cultivation. Generally, substrate cultivation uses a fertigation system, but because blueberries are shallow-rooted and require less fertilizer, they are particularly sensitive to water and fertilizer, neither too waterlogged nor too dry, and have poor tolerance to high concentrations of fertilizer. Furthermore, blueberries are very sensitive to pH, with the optimal pH range being between 4.2 and 5.5. This places high demands on the cultivation substrate and drip irrigation system. However, in current technology, when irrigating and fertilizing blueberry plants with nutrient solutions, drip irrigation equipment is typically used above the containers where the blueberry plants are planted. Due to insufficient substrate penetration, this easily leads to uneven nutrient distribution across the root system, with some nutrient solution being excessive and others failing to reach the root zone. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a substrate cultivation method for blueberries.

[0004] The technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for substrate cultivation of blueberries, wherein tissue culture seedlings are planted in a container filled with a cultivation substrate, wherein the cultivation substrate includes a ring-shaped cylindrical porous substrate and a formulated substrate.

[0006] The annular cylindrical porous substrate and the formulation substrate are placed into a container. The annular cylindrical porous substrate is buried in the formulation substrate, and tissue culture seedlings are planted in the formulation substrate inside the annular cylindrical porous substrate.

[0007] The aforementioned cultivation substrate formula is composed of acidic peat moss: desalinated coconut husk: pine bark: perlite in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2; mix thoroughly.

[0008] The aforementioned annular cylindrical porous matrix uses acidic peat moss as the matrix, with 20% ZSM-5 molecular sieve by mass, and uses polyether polyurethane as a binder to prepare the porous matrix. The total porosity is 80%, and the density is 0.25 g / cm³. 3 .

[0009] The tissue culture seedlings are 15cm tall, and the root mass of the seedlings reaches 70% of the mass of the seedling substrate.

[0010] The container is a 25-30 L basin or bag made of antioxidant PE material, with ventilation holes evenly distributed at the bottom.

[0011] The container is equipped with a drainage collection base for daily monitoring of EC and pH.

[0012] In the substrate cultivation method described above, the cultivation substrate is soaked in nutrient solution 2 to 3 times 2 to 3 days before transplanting until the EC, pH and irrigation solution of the drained solution are the same.

[0013] The porous substrate cultivation method described above uses an integrated water and fertilizer system for irrigation; watering is carried out 3 to 5 times a day, each time for 10 to 15 minutes; irrigation and fertilization are carried out simultaneously.

[0014] The substrate cultivation method involves applying 400 g / L of fish protein diluted 2000 times before dormancy.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] The annular cylindrical porous substrate, combined with the formulated substrate, rapidly absorbs and diffuses the nutrient solution, resulting in a more even distribution of the nutrient solution throughout the cultivation substrate. The annular cylindrical porous substrate also has a water storage function, storing nutrient solution or water. When the water content of the surrounding formulated substrate decreases, it can diffuse the stored nutrient solution to the surrounding substrate, acting as a buffer. The ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the annular cylindrical porous substrate promotes amino acid degradation, which helps plants absorb nitrogen from organic matter. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a physical image of a toroidal cylindrical porous matrix (left part is a three-dimensional view and right part is a side view).

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of drip irrigation for a cultivation substrate composed of porous substrate and formulated substrate.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a picture of blueberry tissue culture seedlings grown in a cultivation substrate composed of porous substrate and formulated substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] A method for substrate cultivation of blueberries,

[0022] 1) Prepare the substrate formula: acidic peat moss: desalinated coconut shell: pine bark: perlite = 4:2:2:2 (mass ratio) and mix.

[0023] 2) Preparation of a ring-shaped cylindrical porous matrix using acidic peat moss as the matrix, accompanied by 20% (by mass) ZSM-5 molecular sieve, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown.

[0024] 2.1) The annular cylindrical porous matrix described herein utilizes acidic peat moss as the matrix, with 20% (by mass) ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and uses polyether polyurethane as the adhesive to create a porous matrix. The total porosity is 80%, and the density is 0.25 g / cm³. 3 .

[0025] 2.2) The annular cylindrical porous matrix has the characteristics of rapid liquid diffusion and water storage:

[0026] (a) Due to the dense micropores of the annular cylinder (micropores caused by polyether polyurethane; and the highly absorbent nanopores inherent in the molecular sieve itself), it can rapidly absorb and diffuse the nutrient solution.

[0027] (b) The diffusion rate of the nutrient solution within the annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​significantly faster than the diffusion rate between the annular cylindrical porous matrix and the formulated matrix. When the annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​saturated with nutrient solution, it is equivalent to a large-area water column, which can rapidly and uniformly deliver the nutrient solution to the surrounding matrix in contact with it. Experiments show that this device significantly delays the drainage time and significantly increases the water content of the matrix before drainage begins (Table 1).

[0028] (c) This annular cylindrical porous matrix also has a water storage function. It can store nutrient solution, and when the water content of the surrounding matrix decreases, it can diffuse the stored nutrient solution to the surrounding matrix, thus acting as a buffer.

[0029]

[0030] d) ZSM-5 molecular sieve promotes amino acid degradation: ZSM-5 molecular sieve is acidic, and the surface acidity of the sieve can catalyze the decomposition of amino acids or peptides. The molecular sieve has many channels and cavities of uniform pore size, a structure that provides a large number of active sites in catalytic reactions. Under acidic conditions (pH 4.0–5.5) in the nutrient solution of blueberry substrate cultivation, amino acid degradation was promoted. Table 2 clearly shows that substrate pots filled with porous substrate ring cylinders significantly promoted amino acid decomposition.

[0031]

[0032] 3) Fill a container with a porous matrix annular cylinder and the formulated matrix. Bury the porous matrix annular cylinder within the formulated matrix, and then plant tissue culture seedlings within the formulated matrix inside the porous matrix annular cylinder. Figure 2 , Figure 3 ).

[0033] 4) Select tissue culture seedlings that are 15cm tall and have roots that account for 70% of their total weight.

[0034] 5) Use 25-30 L antioxidant PE material pots or bags with evenly distributed ventilation holes at the bottom to ensure good drainage and aeration of the cultivation substrate; the pots or bags are equipped with drainage collection bases for daily monitoring of EC and pH.

[0035] 6) Two to three days before transplanting, the cultivation substrate will be soaked in nutrient solution two to three times until the EC, pH and irrigation solution of the drained solution are the same.

[0036] 7) Before transplanting, break open the root ball of the tissue culture seedling, shake off the original soil, place the tissue culture seedling into the prepared porous substrate ring cylinder, spread out the roots in the substrate, and gently shake the seedling to make the roots in close contact with the substrate; the depth should be 1 cm.

[0037] 8) Irrigation

[0038] Irrigation is carried out using an integrated water and fertilizer system. Watering is done 3-5 times daily, for 10-15 minutes each time. Irrigation and fertilization are performed simultaneously, with different nutrient solutions applied at different growth stages. The basic principle is to promote growth early and control it later, adjusting according to plant growth. Fish protein diluted approximately 2000 times is applied before dormancy. ZSM-5 molecular sieves are used to promote amino acid degradation under acidic conditions, facilitating plant absorption.

[0039] The embodiments described above can be further combined or replaced, and these embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limitations on the concept and scope of the present invention. Various changes and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is given by the appended claims and any equivalent technical solutions.

Claims

1. A substrate cultivation method of blueberries, characterized in that, a tissue culture seedling is planted in a container filled with a cultivation substrate, the cultivation substrate comprising a ring-shaped cylindrical porous substrate and a formula substrate; the ring-shaped cylindrical porous substrate and the formula substrate are loaded into the container, the ring-shaped cylindrical porous substrate is buried in the formula substrate, and the tissue culture seedling is planted in the formula substrate in the ring-shaped cylindrical porous substrate; the formula cultivation substrate is composed of acid grass carbon, desalted coconut shell, pine bark and perlite in a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2, and is mixed; The annular cylindrical porous matrix is made of acid peat, with 20% ZSM-5 molecular sieve by mass, and polyether polyurethane as adhesive, total porosity: 80%, density: 0.25 g / cm 2 ; the tissue culture seedling is 15 cm high, and the root amount of the seedling reaches 70% of the amount of the seedling base; the container is a 25 L-30 L anti-oxidation PE material pot or bag with evenly distributed air holes at the bottom; the container is equipped with a drainage collection base for daily monitoring of EC and pH; 2-3 days before planting, the cultivation substrate is soaked with nutrient solution for 2-3 times until the EC, pH and irrigation liquid of the drainage liquid are the same; an irrigation and fertilization integrated system is used for irrigation; water is irrigated 3-5 times a day, each time for 10-15 min; irrigation and fertilization are carried out simultaneously; 400 g / L fish protein is diluted 2000 times before dormancy and applied.

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