Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a rice seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The rice seedling raising substrate comprises acidified plain soil and a conditioner, and the acidified plain soil is a mixture of an acid regulating agent and soda saline-alkali soil; wherein the acid regulating agent is acidified animal manure; the conditioner is a mixture of a bactericide, a chemical fertilizer and perlite; the pH value of the soda saline-alkali soil is 7.0-8.5; the volume ratio of the acidified animal manure to the soda saline-alkali soil is 1: (1-2). According to the application, the acidified animal manure is used as an acid regulating agent to be matched with the soda saline-alkali soil with the pH value of 7.0-8.5, so that the soil is reduced and the appropriate pH required by the growth of rice seedlings is kept for a long time, and then the perlite is added to improve the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil and improve the water permeability and air permeability of the saline-alkali soil, so that the saline-alkali soil is suitable for rice seedling raising; the method successfully solves the problems of shortage of traditional seedling raising soil sources and damage to ecological environment in saline-alkali soil rice farming areas, and realizes alkaline soil seedling raising and cyclic utilization of alkaline canal soil and a large amount of animal manure resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of rice planting technology, cultivating strong rice seedlings has become a key link in achieving high yields. The selection and preparation of nutrient soil or seedling substrate directly affects the growth and development of rice seedlings. At present, most rice seedling substrates on the market use peat as the main component, which is widely favored due to its excellent air permeability and high organic matter content. However, the non-renewable nature of peat and the restrictions on peat mining in some areas have led to an increasingly tight supply. In addition, the quality of peat on the market is uneven, and the phenomenon of mixing inferior peat with genuine peat occurs from time to time, and the risk of using inferior peat is gradually increasing.

[0003] In addition, the source of traditional seedling soil mainly depends on cultivated soil, riverbed soil or high-yield paddy field topsoil, but long-term large-scale soil extraction has not only caused damage to arable land and the ecological environment, but also caused resource shortages. In black soil and other ecologically sensitive areas, the ban on the extraction of high-quality soil has made it difficult for farmers to obtain soil, prompting them to turn to commercial seedling substrates. However, there are many brands of commercial seedling substrates with uneven quality, and a large number of counterfeit and shoddy products have entered the market, causing great losses to farmers; in order to reduce costs, farmers in saline-alkali rice areas have to use saline-alkali soil as the base soil. Because of its high pH, ​​high salt content, and poor physical and chemical properties, it is not suitable for seedling soil, which further limits the effectiveness of rice seedling cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present application includes providing a rice seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, so as to make saline-alkali soil suitable for rice seedling cultivation, thereby improving the technical problems of shortage of high-quality seedling soil sources and ecological environment damage in saline-alkali rice-growing areas.

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a rice seedling medium, comprising acidified soil and a conditioner, wherein the acidified soil is a mixture of an acidifier and soda saline-alkali soil; wherein the acidifier is acidified animal manure; the conditioner is a mixture of a fungicide, a fertilizer and perlite; the pH value of the soda saline-alkali soil is 7.0-8.5; and the volume ratio of the acidified animal manure to the soda saline-alkali soil is 1:(1-2).

[0006] This application uses acidified animal manure as an acidifier in combination with saline-alkali soil with a pH value of 7.0-8.5, and then adds perlite to improve the physical and chemical properties of soda saline-alkali soil (the main components of soda saline-alkali soil are Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, which are poor-quality soils that are not suitable for seedling cultivation.) to improve its permeability and air permeability, making it suitable for rice seedling cultivation, and turning it from unusable to usable; successfully solving the problems of shortage of high-quality seedling soil sources and ecological environment damage in saline-alkali rice-growing areas. At the same time, fungicides and nutrients are added to the matrix formula, which can effectively reduce soil pathogens and improve soil fertility, thereby providing a good growth environment for seedlings and enabling high-yield and healthy growth of rice.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the acidified animal manure includes acidified cow manure and / or acidified horse manure.

[0008] Both cow dung and horse dung have high crude fiber and organic matter content and can be used as substitutes for peat in rice seedling substrates to improve soil permeability and enhance its ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the particle size of the perlite is 2-6 mm.

[0010] Perlite within this particle size range can provide soil with good aeration, drainage and water retention capabilities while reducing soil compaction, improving matrix stability and facilitating mixing operations.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the fungicide includes metalaxyl, thiram and paclobutrazol.

[0012] Metalaxyl, Thiram and Paclobutrazol fungicides have broad-spectrum disease resistance and can prevent and treat a variety of soil-borne diseases, protect seedling health and increase survival rate. The combination of the three can effectively inhibit the occurrence of diseases.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the fertilizer includes ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate.

[0014] Fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to meet the nutritional needs of rice seedlings at different growth stages and promote root development and seedling growth.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, taking a seedling tray of 30 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 3 cm in height as a reference, each seedling tray includes, by weight: 0.0190-0.0250 parts of metalaxyl, 0.1475-0.1525 parts of thiram, 0.0045-0.0055 parts of paclobutrazol, 6.50-7.80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.1-2.6 parts of urea, 2.3-2.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80-2.07 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 16.5-21.5 parts of perlite.

[0016] The formula of this rice seedling tray provides an ideal growing environment for rice seedlings by comprehensively considering factors such as disease prevention and control, nutrient supply, water retention and soil structure.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the volume of the acidified soil in each seedling tray is 3600-4000 cm 3 .

[0018] The volume of acidified soil in each seedling tray should be limited to 3600-4000cm 3 It not only provides suitable growth space for rice roots, but also optimizes water retention and nutrient supply, reduces competition and disease risks, and facilitates management.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned rice seedling substrate, comprising: preparing acidified animal manure; mixing the prepared acidified animal manure with soda saline-alkali soil in a volume ratio to obtain acidified plain soil; adding a conditioner to the acidified plain soil for mixing, and obtaining a rice seedling substrate after a sealed treatment.

[0020] The preparation method of the rice seedling substrate mixes acidified animal manure with soda saline-alkali soil, and uses acidification treatment to effectively reduce the pH value of the soil, making it suitable for the growth of rice seedlings, thereby solving the problem of strong alkalinity of saline-alkali soil. The organic nutrients in the acidified animal manure are more easily absorbed by plants in an acidic environment. At the same time, the addition of fungicides can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and protect the health of seedlings. The light, soft, and highly porous characteristics of animal manure improve the acidity of the seedling substrate. The closed treatment can reduce the volatilization of sulfuric acid and has a good effect on maintaining the acidity of the substrate. In addition, the loose structure of the acidified soil improves the air permeability and drainage, providing an ideal growth environment for the rice root system, and overall promoting the healthy growth of rice, the utilization of waste resources, and the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation of acidified animal manure includes: mixing decomposed dry animal manure with 1L of dilute sulfuric acid, and treating it in a closed manner for 3-4 hours to obtain acidified animal manure; wherein the mass fraction of the dilute sulfuric acid is 15.0%-16.0%, and the mass volume ratio of decomposed dry animal manure to dilute sulfuric acid is (1-1.5) kg:1L.

[0022] By mixing the decomposed dry animal manure with dilute sulfuric acid, the carrier function of the decomposed dry animal manure can be effectively exerted. The sulfuric acid is fixed in the decomposed dry animal manure by the characteristics of the decomposed dry animal manure being light, soft, fibrous, high in porosity, and strong in buffering capacity, thereby achieving the purpose of long-term acid retention. At the same time, acidification can also promote the release of nutrients and improve the effectiveness of fertilizers. Acidification can also effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and the acidified animal manure is looser and more uniform, and can be evenly mixed with other components (such as saline-alkali soil) to improve the overall quality of the matrix. The ratio of decomposed dry animal manure to dilute sulfuric acid within the above range can effectively adjust the pH value of the rice seedling medium, so that the final product has good acidity without causing damage to the plants.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the pH value of the acidified clay is 3.39-4.25.

[0024] By mixing acidified animal manure (such as acidified cow manure and horse manure) with soda saline-alkali soil, the addition of acidifiers can effectively reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the strong alkalinity problem of soda saline-alkali soil, and make it more suitable for the growth needs of rice. The pH value of this substrate ranges from 3.39 to 4.25, which is suitable for rice growth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 The acidified cow dung of the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 The acidified clay of the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A diagram showing the growth of rice seedlings using the rice seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the growth of the roots of the rice seedlings using the rice seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In response to the call to "grasp the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land", Jilin Province will develop saline-alkali land and other arable land reserve resources to achieve an additional 3.65 million mu of arable land by 2035. By then, the area of ​​saline-alkali paddy fields in Jilin Province will reach more than 7 million mu. To grow 1 mu of Honda seedlings, 166.7 kg of soil is needed, and 7 million mu of soil needs to be collected annually. 1.167 million tons of soil are needed to prepare nutrient soil with mature soil or river soil, high-yield paddy field topsoil, etc., which is bound to cause damage to the arable layer and the ecological environment. At present, due to the protection of black soil and ecological environment, high-quality mature soils such as garden soil and riverbed soil have been banned from use. Farmers have nowhere to get soil and can only purchase commercial seedling substrates. Due to the shortage of plain soil (original soil without seedling-strengthening agents or conditioners), there is a large market for commercial seedling substrates, resulting in a wide variety of seedling substrate brands with uneven quality. In addition, a large number of counterfeit and shoddy products have entered the market, causing great losses to farmers. In order to reduce costs, farmers in saline-alkali rice areas have to use saline-alkali soil as plain soil, which is not suitable for seedling soil because of its high pH, ​​high salt content, and poor physical and chemical properties. In the saline-alkali rice-growing areas in western Jilin Province in the 1980s, 20%-30% of decomposed peat, horse manure, or kohlrabi fertilizer was often added to the alkaline plain soil. After mixing, it was passed through a sieve with a pore size of 1 cm, or mixed and piled up and fermented in proportion in autumn, and used as seedling soil in the spring of the following year.

[0031] Acidifiers are essential ingredients of seedling strengthening agents or conditioners. They can reduce the pH value of the bed soil, create a slightly acidic soil condition for the growth of seedlings, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens in the soil, and promote the activation of certain elements in the soil, which is conducive to the development of the root system. At present, the commonly used acidifiers in production are sulfuric acid, sulfur, furfural slag, ferrous sulfate, phosphogypsum, nitrohumic acid, physiological acid fertilizers, etc. Among them, sulfur is insoluble in water, so it needs to be applied 30 days in advance and oxidized into sulfuric acid by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria to play an acidification role; nitrohumic acid cannot achieve the acid reduction effect under alkaline and buffering soil conditions with a small amount, and a large amount inhibits the growth of seedling roots; the amount of furfural slag and ferrous sulfate is too large, the transportation is inconvenient, and the cost of ferrous sulfate is relatively high; the heavy metals and harmful elements such as fluorine contained in phosphogypsum exceed the standard; physiological acid fertilizers can only play an auxiliary role in acidification and cannot completely replace other main acidifiers. At present, the mainstream acidifier used in rice seedling strengthening agent products is still sulfuric acid. The use of sulfuric acid for acidification has the advantages of low cost, good acidification effect, rapid pH drop, and small EC increase. Farmers in the saline-alkali rice area in western Jilin Province usually pour sulfuric acid into the saline-alkali soil in a certain proportion to adjust the acid, or directly use saline-alkali soil to simply adjust the acid and prepare some peat before direct application. Without the addition of acid-holding agents, this nutrient soil has poor buffering and weak acid retention. The soil pH value often rises to above 7.0 after sowing. In the saline-alkali rice-growing area, the number of seedling problems caused by soil sources or inferior seedling strengthening agents is as high as more than 25%.

[0032] During the rice seedling raising period, due to the frequent occurrence of low temperature, cold damage, low light, high humidity and other adverse environments, the immunity of the seedlings is reduced, and it is easy to be infected with various seedling diseases such as bacterial wilt and damping-off. At present, the fungicides commonly added to rice seedling strengthening agents (conditioners) in production are mainly chemical fungicides, mainly single or compound preparations such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, thiram, metalaxyl, carbendazim, wood vinegar, etc., and some live microbial preparations are also used. However, due to the difficulty in controlling the dosage, or insufficient or excessive, or unreasonable single or compound ratio, many problems such as short duration, phytotoxicity, and poor disease prevention effect are caused.

[0033] The technology of transplanting rice seedlings with soil has been promoted in my country for more than 30 years. Due to the continuous large-scale soil extraction for many years, many ecological vegetation such as high-quality farmland, riverbed and beach have been seriously damaged. Therefore, in recent years, the market has begun to use seedling substrates to replace traditional seedling soil, solving the problem of soil extraction for rice seedlings damaging farmland and the difficulty of soil extraction. Although the seedling substrate (tray) is a technological innovation in the history of rice seedling cultivation, there are also some problems in the production and application process. First of all, there is the problem of collecting and transporting raw materials. As the saying goes, "You can't transport grass for ten miles." If the distance exceeds a certain point, the cost will inevitably increase, which is not worth the cost. Secondly, if biomass such as straw is used as raw material, there will be problems with composting and fermentation. The winter in cold areas is long, and the time suitable for open-air fermentation of waste such as straw is short throughout the year. If you want to produce normally in winter, you must do it indoors with heating facilities. The construction cost and heating cost of the plant used for fermentation are high, which to some extent limits large-scale production. The third is whether the added microbial agent can withstand high osmotic pressure and whether the biomass matrix can provide the microorganisms with suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and other living conditions, so that their life activities are vigorous, more metabolites are produced, and their disease resistance and growth-promoting functions are fully exerted. Finally, the product itself is larger in size and heavier in weight than traditional seedling-strengthening agents, and the cost of long-distance transportation is high. If you want to use it in many places, you need to build factories in many places, which will undoubtedly increase the cost investment. The above problems need to be continuously improved and solved.

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0035] A rice seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof according to an embodiment of the present application are described in detail below.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application provides a rice seedling medium, comprising acidified soil and a conditioner, wherein the acidified soil is a mixture of an acidifier and soda saline-alkali soil; wherein the acidifier is acidified animal manure; the conditioner is a mixture of a fungicide, a fertilizer and perlite; the pH value of the soda saline-alkali soil is 7.0-8.5; and the volume ratio of the acidified animal manure to the soda saline-alkali soil is 1:(1-2).

[0037] This application uses acidified animal manure as an acidifier in combination with soda saline-alkali soil with a pH value of 7.0-8.5, and then adds perlite to improve the physical and chemical properties of soda saline-alkali soil, thereby improving its water permeability and air permeability; in addition, acidified animal manure has good acid retention and a small pH fluctuation; therefore, the rice seedling substrate provided by this application can make saline-alkali soil suitable for rice seedling cultivation, making it usable from unusable; and the application of acidified animal manure not only solves the manure pollution problem caused by large-scale beef cattle breeding in Jilin Province, strengthens the effective utilization of aquaculture waste, but also reduces the excavation and waste of rare peat resources; successfully solves the problems of shortage of traditional seedling soil sources and ecological environmental damage. At the same time, fungicides and nutrients are added to the matrix formula, which can effectively reduce soil pathogens and improve soil fertility, thereby providing a good growth environment for seedlings and making rice high-yield and healthy growth.

[0038] As an example, the volume ratio of acidified livestock manure to soda saline-alkali soil includes but is not limited to 1:1.0, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, 1:1.5, 1:1.6, 1:1.7, 1:1.8, 1:1.9, and 1:2.0.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the acidified animal manure includes acidified cow manure and / or acidified horse manure.

[0040] Cow dung and horse dung have high crude fiber and organic matter content, and can be used as a substitute for peat in rice seedling substrates to improve soil permeability and improve water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, due to their high porosity and buffering capacity, they can maintain soil acidity for a long time. In the rice seedling substrate provided by the present application, acidified cow dung and / or acidified horse dung are used as acidifiers, that is, air-dried cow dung and / or horse dung are fermented and acidified and then added to the plain soil instead of peat (peat). The plain soil used in the present application is saline-alkali soil.

[0041] As an example, air-dried cow dung contains 13.7% crude protein, 1.7% crude fat, 43.6% crude fiber, 22.9% nitrogen-free extract, 1.4% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus. Therefore, it has high nutrients. Air-dried cow dung can be fermented into high-quality organic fertilizer products. It can loosen the soil, improve the compaction of the soil, chelate trace elements in the soil, and improve soil fertility. According to relevant data, a dairy cow produces more than 7 tons of dung per year, and a yellow cattle produces between 5-6 tons of dung. Jilin Province has implemented the "Ten Million Beef Cattle Construction Project". With the increase in the number of beef cattle raised, the amount of cow dung is also growing. The pressure of cow dung on environmental pollution is increasing. In some places, the pollution of cow dung to the environment has exceeded the total amount of industrial pollution, and some are even more than twice as high. Since cow dung has a high content of crude fiber and organic matter, it can be used as a substitute for peat in rice seedling substrates to improve soil permeability and its ability to retain water and fertilizer. At the same time, due to its high porosity and buffering capacity, it can maintain soil acidity for a long time. The application of acidified cow dung not only solves the manure problem caused by large-scale beef cattle breeding in Jilin Province, strengthens the effective utilization of breeding waste, but also reduces the excavation and waste of rare peat resources. In addition, it can be used locally as a zero or low-cost acid medium, which greatly reduces the production costs of farmers compared with acid retainers such as citric acid and humic acid.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, the particle size of the perlite is 2-6 mm.

[0043] Perlite in this particle size range has many pores and strong water absorption and retention capabilities. It can absorb excess water in the nutrient soil and store it for future use. It also helps air flow in the matrix, promotes root respiration and nutrient absorption, and can effectively promote water discharge. Due to the large gaps between particles, the soil can be kept loose and prevented from being compacted.

[0044] When saline-alkali soil is used as the base soil for preparing rice seedling substrate (nutrient soil), due to the poor soil structure of saline-alkali soil, the soil becomes more compact and has poor air permeability after watering, which is not conducive to the emergence of uniform seedlings. Perlite is a relatively ideal auxiliary material. Through its unique physical and chemical properties, it provides a more superior growth environment for rice. Adding perlite to the seedling nutrient soil can enhance the air permeability and water permeability of the soil due to its porous characteristics, prevent soil compaction, improve the dense structure of saline-alkali soil, loosen the internal structure of the matrix, prevent soil compaction, maintain the normal exchange of water, air and fertilizer, and ensure the growth of seeds and seedlings. In addition, adding perlite to the nutrient soil can also increase the stability of pH, improve the absorption rate of nutrients by rice, and help improve the quality of rice seedlings.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the fungicide includes metalaxyl, thiram and paclobutrazol. Based on a seedling tray of 30 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 3 cm in height, each seedling tray contains, by weight: 0.0190-0.0250 parts of metalaxyl, 0.1475-0.1525 parts of thiram and 0.0045-0.0055 parts of paclobutrazol.

[0046] Among fungicides, the effect of compounding thiram with metalaxyl in preventing and controlling rice seedling diseases is better than using metalaxyl alone. Metalaxyl and thiram are both commonly used fungicides, and they have good control effects on rice damping-off. Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide that can be absorbed by plants and conducted in the body, and has a good control effect on diseases caused by oomycetes. Thiram is a protective fungicide that can prevent diseases caused by a variety of fungi. When the two are used in combination, they can play a synergistic role and improve the control effect. Combined with appropriate seedling management and environmental regulation, they can significantly improve the control effect and ensure the healthy, stable and safe growth of rice.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, the fertilizer includes ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, a seedling tray with a length of 30 cm, a width of 60 cm and a height of 3 cm is used as a reference. In each seedling tray, by weight, the following ingredients are included: 6.50-7.80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.1-2.6 parts of urea, 2.3-2.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80-2.07 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 16.5-21.5 parts of perlite. In each seedling tray, the volume of acidified soil is 3600-4000 cm 3 Taking the seedling tray of 30cm in length, 60cm in width and 3cm in height as the benchmark, the acidified soil needs to be spread to a height of about 2cm in the seedling tray.

[0049] The preparation method of the above-mentioned rice seedling raising substrate is described below.

[0050] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step S1: Preparation of acidified animal manure

[0052] After drying the fermented and decomposed animal manure, crush it and sieve it with a 3-4mm aperture sieve for later use to prevent moisture. Fermented animal manure usually contains a high amount of moisture. After being naturally air-dried for 7-10 days, it is close to dried animal manure, which is decomposed dry animal manure.

[0053] Use an acid-resistant spray bottle or other utensil to slowly pour 15.0-16.0% dilute sulfuric acid into the decomposed dry animal manure at a ratio of 1-1.5kg of sieved decomposed dry animal manure into 1L of dilute sulfuric acid. Stir while pouring, mix repeatedly, and then sieve until it forms a ball that can be held in the hand and falls apart with light pressure. Then, let it sit for 3-4 hours to make acidified animal manure.

[0054] Step S2: Preparation of acidified soil

[0055] The soda saline-alkali soil is crushed and sieved, and the diameter of the sieve hole is 5-7 mm; the acidified animal manure prepared in step S1 is mixed with the crushed and sieved soda saline-alkali soil according to a volume ratio to prepare acidified plain soil.

[0056] Using soda saline-alkali soil as the source of raw soil, V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:(1-2), pH value is 3.39-4.25.

[0057] As an example, after the cow dung is acidified, the acid retention effect is good, and it is sealed and stored for more than 1 month. 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:(1-2), pH value is 4.33-5.78, pH only rises 0.94-1.53. The application of acidified cow dung not only solves the manure pollution problem caused by large-scale beef cattle breeding in Jilin Province, strengthens the effective utilization of breeding waste, but also reduces the excavation and waste of rare peat resources.

[0058] In saline-alkali rice-growing areas, irrigation canal soil is used as seedling soil. Although the irrigation canal soil is saline-alkali with a pH between 7.0 and 8.5, it can meet the growth and development needs of rice seedlings after being mixed with acidified cow dung. This not only effectively utilizes the silt removed from the irrigation canal every year, but also avoids damaging farmland and avoiding the cost increase caused by long-distance transportation of seedling substrates.

[0059] Step S3: Preparing rice seedling medium

[0060] A homemade conditioner (seedling strengthening agent) is added to the acidified soil prepared in step S2. The seedling tray with a length of 30 cm, a width of 60 cm and a height of 3 cm is used as a reference. In each seedling tray, the following weight parts are included: 0.0190-0.0250 parts of metalaxyl, 0.1475-0.1525 parts of thiram, 0.0045-0.0055 parts of paclobutrazol, 6.50-7.80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.1-2.6 parts of urea, 2.3-2.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80-2.07 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 16.5-21.5 parts of perlite. The perlite is selected to have a clean surface, no pollution and excessive defects, and a particle size of 2-6 mm. After mixing evenly, it is piled up and stuffy for more than half a day to form a rice seedling medium.

[0061] As an example, taking a seedling tray of 30 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 3 cm in height as a reference, each seedling tray includes: 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, 0.3 g of zinc sulfate and 16.5 g of perlite. According to the above ratio, the physical and chemical indicators of the prepared rice seedling medium are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1

[0063] <![CDATA[V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:1]]> <![CDATA[V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:2]]> Total nitrogen (g / kg) 2.07 1.59 Total phosphorus (g / kg) 0.73 0.66 Total potassium (g / kg) 33.59 33.65 Hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg / kg) 246.00 192.81 Available phosphorus (mg / kg) 146.0 113.0 Available potassium (mg / kg) 1040 650 Salt content (ms / cm2) 3.48 3.07 Organic matter (g / kg) 48.48 37.52 <![CDATA[Water-soluble Na + (cmol / kg)]]> 0.718 2.75 <![CDATA[SO4 2- (cmol / kg)]]> 24.4 24.9

[0064] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0065] Figure 1 The acidified cow dung of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 The acidified clay of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A diagram showing the growth of rice seedlings using the rice seedling raising substrate of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the growth of the root system of the rice seedlings using the rice seedling substrate of the present application embodiment; please refer to Figure 1-Figure 4 .

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The present embodiment provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, soda saline-alkali soil (pH 8.5), 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, 0.3 g of zinc sulfate, and 16.5 g of perlite; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and saline-alkali soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:1.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] The present embodiment provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, soda saline-alkali soil (pH 8.5), 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, 0.3 g of zinc sulfate, and 16.5 g of perlite; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and saline-alkali soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:2.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that black soil is used as the seedling raising soil.

[0072] The comparative example provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, black soil, 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, 0.3 g of zinc sulfate, and 16.5 g of perlite; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and the black soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 黑土 =1:1.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that black soil is used as the seedling raising soil.

[0075] The comparative example provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, black soil, 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, 0.3 g of zinc sulfate, and 16.5 g of perlite; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and the black soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 黑土 =1:2.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:3.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that: V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:4.

[0080] Comparative Example 5

[0081] This comparative example is substantially the same as Example 1, except that no perlite is added.

[0082] The comparative example provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, soda saline-alkali soil (pH 8.5), 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, and 0.3 g of zinc sulfate; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and the soda saline-alkali soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:1.

[0083] Comparative Example 6

[0084] This comparative example is substantially the same as Example 1, except that no perlite is added.

[0085] The comparative example provides a rice seedling tray containing a rice seedling substrate, the length of the rice seedling tray is 30 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the height is 3 cm. The rice seedling substrate is prepared in the rice seedling tray according to the following ratio; the rice seedling tray includes: acidified cow dung, soda saline-alkali soil (pH 8.5), 0.0190 g of metalaxyl, 0.1475 g of thiram, 0.0045 g of paclobutrazol, 6.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.1 g of urea, 2.3 g of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80 g of potassium sulfate, and 0.3 g of zinc sulfate; wherein, in each rice seedling tray, the total volume of the acidified cow dung and the soda saline-alkali soil is 3600 cm 3 , V 酸化畜粪 :V 盐碱土 =1:2.

[0086] The key parameters of the above-mentioned Example 1 and Example 2, and Comparative Examples 1-6 are detailed in Table 2.

[0087] Table 2

[0088]

[0089] Test Example 1

[0090] The rice seedling trays containing the rice seedling substrate provided in the above-mentioned Examples 1 and 2, as well as Comparative Examples 1-6, were used for rice sowing. The same variety of seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 75 g of dry seeds per tray, and were sown into the trays without germination. Conventional management was performed, and the quality of the seedlings was measured for each treatment after 35 days. The measurement results are detailed in Table 3.

[0091] Table 3

[0092]

[0093] Strong seedlings are the basis for high rice yields. Generally speaking, different regions, different cultivation systems, different seedling raising methods, and varieties with different maturity periods should have different standards for strong seedlings. From the appearance, strong seedlings must have a good root system, sufficient roots at the same extension node, many fibrous roots and root hairs, correct root color, many white roots, and no black and gray roots; the aboveground pseudostems are thick and flat, the middle stem is short, and the stem base is wide and thick; the seedling leaves are upright and strong, of moderate length, not bent or drooping; the leaf sheath is of moderate height, and the distance between the ear is small and symmetrical; the leaf color is pure green, not dark or light; the seedlings are of the same height, uniform and neat; the same extension tillers are early, the potential tillering teeth are well developed, the dry weight is high, the fullness is good, and the greening is fast and tillering is early after transplanting; there are no diseases, no galls, eggs or larvae, and no weeds.

[0094] This application uses the plain soil (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) mixed with acidified cow dung and black soil as the high-quality plain soil control. After comparison, Examples 1 and 2 are close to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in the key indicators of seedling quality, indicating that the seedlings grown in Examples 1 and 2 with the plain soil mixed with acidified cow dung and saline-alkali soil can achieve similar effects as the seedlings grown in high-quality plain soil.

[0095] Among them, in Comparative Example 1, the proportion of acidified cow dung is relatively high, because the pH value of black soil is neutral, and the acidity of the prepared plain soil is slightly stronger. Studies have shown that an overly acidic environment is not conducive to the growth of seedlings. Therefore, the number of roots, root length, stem base width, and the aboveground dry weight of 100 plants, the root dry weight of 100 plants, and other indicators of Comparative Example 1 are slightly lower than those of Comparative Example 2, and the overall quality of its seedlings is slightly worse than that of Comparative Example 2. Although the number of roots, root length, stem base width, and the aboveground dry weight of 100 plants, the root dry weight of 100 plants, and other indicators of Example 1 are not as good as those of Comparative Example 2, they are better than those of Comparative Example 1. This is because the pH value of saline-alkali soil is higher than that of black soil, and the acidification effect of acidified cow dung on saline-alkali soil is not as good as that on black soil. And Example 1 is better than Example 2 because Example 1 adds a larger proportion of acidified cow dung than Example 2.

[0096] In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, as the proportion of acidified cow dung decreased and the proportion of saline-alkali soil increased, the quality of the seedlings showed a weakening trend, and the number of roots, root length, stem base width, aboveground dry weight per 100 plants, and root dry weight per 100 plants were all inferior to those in Example 1 and Example 2. Among them, the number of roots, root length, stem base width, aboveground dry weight, and root dry weight of Comparative Example 3 were reduced by 0.98, 0.95 cm, 0.05 cm, 1.4 g, and 0.6 g, respectively, compared with Example 1; the number of roots, root length, stem base width, aboveground dry weight, and root dry weight of Comparative Example 4 were reduced by 1.90, 1.16 cm, 0.08 cm, 1.9 g, and 0.8 g, respectively, compared with Example 1. The number of roots, root length, stem base width, aboveground dry weight and root dry weight of Comparative Example 3 were reduced by 0.90, 0.87 cm, 0.03 cm, 0.2 g and 0.2 g respectively than those of Example 2; the number of roots, root length, stem base width, aboveground dry weight and root dry weight of Comparative Example 4 were reduced by 1.82, 1.08 cm, 0.06 cm, 0.7 g and 0.4 g respectively than those of Example 2.

[0097] The difference between Comparative Examples 5 and 6 and Examples 1 and 2 is that perlite is not added. From the data in the table, the overall quality of the seedlings in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 is better than that in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. This is because there is more acidified cow dung in the plain soil, and the pH value and physical and chemical properties of the plain soil are better than those in Comparative Examples 3 and 4. However, compared with Examples 1 and 2, the quality of the seedlings is relatively weak, which shows that perlite plays an important role in the matrix.

[0098] Test Example 2

[0099] The rice seedling trays containing the rice seedling substrate provided in the above-mentioned Examples 1 and 2, as well as Comparative Examples 1-6, were used for rice sowing. The same variety of seeds were prepared at a sowing rate of 75 g of dry seeds per tray. After germination, the seeds were sown into the trays and managed in a conventional manner. After 35 days, the quality of the seedlings was measured for each treatment at the same time. The measurement results are detailed in Table 4.

[0100] Table 4

[0101]

[0102] Test Example 2 has a similar trend to Test Example 1, because accelerated germination and sowing are conducive to uniform seedling emergence, and the quality of the seedlings in Test Example 2 is better than that in Test Example 1. It can be seen from the data in Table 3 and Table 4 that the matrix component composition of Example 1 and Example 2 has a good effect on both dry seed sowing and sprout seed sowing, and the addition of perlite can significantly improve the physical properties of the soil and promote the growth of seedlings.

[0103] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising substrate, characterized in that: It comprises acidified clay and a conditioner, wherein the acidified clay is a mixture of the acid conditioner and soda saline-alkali soil; Wherein, the acidifier is acidified animal manure; the conditioner is a mixture of fungicide, fertilizer and perlite; the pH value of the soda saline-alkali soil is 7.0-8.5; The volume ratio of the acidified animal manure to the soda saline-alkali soil is 1:(1-2).

2. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidified animal manure includes acidified cow manure and / or acidified horse manure.

3. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the perlite is 2-6 mm.

4. The rice seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fungicides include metalaxyl, thiram and paclobutrazol.

5. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilizers include ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate.

6. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: Taking a seedling raising tray of 30 cm in length, 60 cm in width and 3 cm in height as a reference, each of the seedling raising trays includes, by weight: 0.0190-0.0250 parts of metalaxyl, 0.1475-0.1525 parts of thiram, 0.0045-0.0055 parts of paclobutrazol, 6.50-7.80 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2.1-2.6 parts of urea, 2.3-2.9 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1.80-2.07 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 16.5-21.5 parts of perlite.

7. The rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: In each of the seedling trays, the volume of the acidified soil is 3600-4000cm 3 .

8. A method for preparing a rice seedling culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: preparing the acidified animal manure; The prepared acidified animal manure is mixed with the soda saline-alkali soil according to a volume ratio to obtain the acidified plain soil; The conditioner is added into the acidified soil, mixed, and sealed to obtain the rice seedling medium.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation of the acidified animal manure comprises: Mixing the decomposed dry animal manure with dilute sulfuric acid and subjecting the mixture to a closed treatment for 3-4 hours to obtain the acidified animal manure; The mass fraction of the dilute sulfuric acid is 15.0%-16.0%, and the mass volume ratio of the decomposed dry animal manure to the dilute sulfuric acid is (1-1.5) kg:1L.

10. The preparation method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The pH value of the acidified soil is 3.39-4.25.

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