Fertilizer granulating device
By using abutment crushing method in the fertilizer granulation device, the bonding materials in the semicircular groove of the granulation roller are cleaned by cleaning the cleaning roller and elastic material cleaning parts, the problem of low granulation quality in the prior art is solved, and the Efficient and stable fertilizer granulation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411466175.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing wheel-rut fertilizer granulation devices are prone to bonding materials during the granulation process, resulting in a decrease in granulation quality.
A fertilizer granulation device is designed, and the bonded materials in the semicircular groove on the granulation roller are cleaned by cleaning rollers and elastic material cleaning parts.
The bonding materials in the semicircular groove on the granulation roller were effectively cleaned, the granulation quality of fertilizer was improved, and the efficiency and stability of each granulation were ensured.
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Figure CN119455799A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, and in particular to a fertilizer granulation device. Background Art
[0002] The main purpose of fertilizer granulation is to improve the fluidity, applicability and storage stability of fertilizers, reduce dust and waste, and facilitate transportation and application. Granulation methods are mainly divided into physical granulation, chemical granulation and wet granulation. Among them, physical granulation includes roller granulation and wheel rolling granulation, and different methods are suitable for different types of fertilizer production.
[0003] The existing wheel-rolling granulation is to directly form a semicircular groove shape on the roller surface. During granulation, the relevant staff transports the material (fertilizer or fertilizer and adhesive) into the box, and the motor drives the two granulation rollers to rotate. The corresponding semicircular grooves on the two granulation rollers abut against each other, and the material is squeezed into the semicircular groove, thereby extruding fertilizer particles at one time. However, after the material is extruded, part of the material will be bonded in the semicircular groove (for example, the humidity of the material itself will cause bonding or the roughness of the semicircular groove will cause bonding, etc.), so that the remaining material will affect the granulation quality of the fertilizer during the next extrusion. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.
[0005] To this end, the purpose of the present application is to provide a fertilizer granulation device, which adopts an abutment crushing method to clean the adhesive material in the semicircular groove on the granulation roller, thereby improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first embodiment of the present application proposes a fertilizer granulation device, comprising a box body, a driving assembly, two granulation rollers, two cleaning assemblies, two linkage belts and a conveyor, wherein a feed port is provided on the box body; the driving assembly is arranged on the box body and is respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers; the two granulation rollers are respectively rotatably arranged in the box body, and a plurality of semicircular grooves are respectively provided on the two granulation rollers, and the semicircular grooves on the two granulation rollers are respectively arranged correspondingly; the two cleaning assemblies are respectively rotatably arranged in the box body and are respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers; the cleaning assembly comprises a cleaning roller and a plurality of elastic cleaning parts, wherein the cleaning roller is located below the granulation roller and is rotatably arranged in the box body; a plurality of elastic cleaning parts are respectively arranged on the cleaning roller, and the plurality of elastic cleaning parts are respectively plugged into the corresponding semicircular grooves; one end of the two linkage belts is respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers, and the other end of the two linkage belts is respectively connected to the corresponding cleaning rollers; the conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the box body.
[0007] According to a fertilizer granulation device of an embodiment of the present application, an abutment crushing method is adopted to clean the adhesive material in the semicircular groove on the granulation roller, thereby improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0008] In addition, the fertilizer granulation device proposed in the present application may also have the following additional technical features:
[0009] In one embodiment of the present application, a plurality of mounting grooves are provided on the cleaning roller, and two control slide grooves are provided at each mounting groove, and the mounting grooves are connected to the control slide grooves; a plurality of elastic cleaning parts are respectively located in the corresponding mounting grooves, and the two ends of the elastic cleaning parts are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding control slide grooves.
[0010] In one embodiment of the present application, the elastic cleaning component includes a cleaning head, a fixed rod, a spring and two sliding blocks, wherein the cleaning head is rotatably abutted against the semicircular groove, and a plurality of friction protrusions are arranged on the cleaning head; one end of the fixed rod is connected to the cleaning head, and the other end of the fixed rod extends into the mounting groove; the two sliding blocks are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixed rod, and the two sliding blocks are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding control sliding grooves; the spring is arranged in the mounting groove, one end of the spring is abutted against the fixed rod, and the other end of the spring is abutted against the bottom of the mounting groove.
[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, two first material baffles are arranged in the box body, one end of the two first material baffles is respectively arranged on the box body, and the other end of the two first material baffles is respectively located above the corresponding granulation roller.
[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, two second material baffles are arranged in the box body, one end of the two second material baffles is respectively arranged on the box body, the other end of the two second material baffles is respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers, and the second material baffles respectively surround the corresponding cleaning rollers.
[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, a material shifting rod is provided on the second material baffle plate, one end of the material shifting rod is rotatably connected to the second material baffle plate, and the other end of the material shifting rod extends to the bottom of the semicircular groove.
[0014] In one embodiment of the present application, the driving assembly includes a motor, a transmission belt, a first gear and a second gear, wherein the motor is arranged on a housing; one end of the transmission belt is rotationally connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the transmission belt is rotationally connected to the first gear; the first gear and the second gear are respectively rotationally arranged on the housing, and the first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers; the first gear and the second gear are meshingly connected.
[0015] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a box and a drive assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a granulating roller, a linkage belt and a cleaning roller according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fertilizer granulation device according to one embodiment of the present application;
[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic cleaning component according to one embodiment of the present application;
[0021] Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of a cleaning roller according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;
[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a control slide according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0024] As shown in the figure: 1. Box body; 10. Feed inlet; 11. First material baffle plate; 12. Second material baffle plate; 120. Material pusher rod; 2. Driving assembly; 20. Motor; 21. Transmission belt; 22. First gear; 23. Second gear; 3. Granulating roller; 30. Semicircular groove; 4. Cleaning assembly; 40. Cleaning roller; 400. Mounting groove; 401. Control slide; 41. Elastic cleaning part; 410. Cleaning head; 4100. Friction bump; 411. Fixed rod; 412. Slide control block; 413. Spring; 5. Linkage belt; 6. Conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limitations on the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all changes, modifications and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.
[0026] The fertilizer granulating device according to the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0027] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the fertilizer granulation device of the embodiment of the present application may include a box body 1, a driving assembly 2, two granulation rollers 3, two cleaning assemblies 4, two linkage belts 5 and a conveyor 6.
[0028] Among them, a feed port 10 is opened on the box body 1, the driving component 2 is arranged on the box body 1 and is respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers 3, the two granulation rollers 3 are respectively rotatably arranged in the box body 1, and the two granulation rollers 3 are respectively opened with multiple semicircular grooves 30, and the semicircular grooves 30 on the two granulation rollers 3 are respectively arranged correspondingly.
[0029] It can be understood that the semicircular groove 30 on one granulation roller 3 is arranged corresponding to the semicircular groove 30 on the other granulation roller 3, and the two semicircular grooves 30 abut to form the round particle shape of the fertilizer, so that the loose material (the material in this article refers to fertilizer or fertilizer and adhesive) entering the feed inlet 10 is squeezed by the two semicircular grooves 30 to form round particle-shaped fertilizer.
[0030] It should be noted that the driving assembly 2 described in this embodiment drives two granulation rollers 3, wherein one granulation roller 3 rotates clockwise and the other granulation roller 3 rotates counterclockwise, so that the loose material at the feed inlet 10 can be concentrated between the two granulation rollers 3, and the granulation rollers 3 can granulate the loose material.
[0031] The two cleaning assemblies 4 are rotatably disposed in the box body 1 and are respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers 3 .
[0032] In the embodiment of the present application, the cleaning component 4 is used to squeeze and crush the materials adhered in the semicircular groove 30, so as to ensure the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0033] The cleaning assembly 4 may include a cleaning roller 40 and a plurality of elastic cleaning pieces 41, wherein the cleaning roller 40 is located below the granulating roller 3 and is rotatably arranged in the box body 1, the plurality of elastic cleaning pieces 41 are respectively arranged on the cleaning roller 40, and the plurality of elastic cleaning pieces 41 are respectively plugged into the corresponding semicircular grooves 30.
[0034] It can be understood that by setting multiple elastic cleaning parts 41 on the cleaning roller 40, the material in each semicircular groove 30 on the granulation roller 3 can be squeezed and crushed, and the squeezed and crushed material falls during the rotation of the granulation roller 3, thereby achieving the cleaning of the adhesive material in the semicircular groove 30 and improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0035] It should be noted that a hair dryer can be installed on the box body 1 described in this embodiment, and the hair dryer is connected to a blow pipe. The two ends of the blow pipe are respectively arranged on both sides of the two granulation rollers 3, so that the elastic cleaning member 41 squeezes and crushes the material adhered to the semicircular groove 30, and then the crushed material is blown by the hair dryer to quickly clear out the crushed material in the semicircular groove 30, thereby ensuring that there is no residual material in the semicircular groove 30 (the extrusion and combination of the residual material and the new material will reduce the bonding strength of the fertilizer, so that the residual material in the semicircular groove 30 needs to be cleaned), further improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0036] One end of the two linkage belts 5 is connected to the corresponding granulation roller 3 , and the other end of the two linkage belts 5 is connected to the corresponding cleaning roller 40 .
[0037] It can be understood that, by setting the linkage belt 5, the granulating roller 3 rotates while driving the cleaning roller 40 to rotate, thereby reducing the use of related driving components and reducing the use cost of the device.
[0038] It should be noted that the end of the granulating roller 3 described in this embodiment protrudes from the outside of the box body 1 and is provided with a rotation groove, and the end of the cleaning roller 40 protrudes from the outside of the box body 1 and is provided with a rotation groove, thereby facilitating the rotation connection of the linkage belt 5.
[0039] The conveyor 6 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1 .
[0040] It can be understood that, by providing the conveyor 6, the granulated fertilizer can be automatically unloaded, thereby improving the working efficiency of the device.
[0041] Specifically, in the actual operation process, the relevant staff transports the material from the feed port 10 into the box body 1 and starts the device. The controller (not shown in the figure) controls the drive component 2 to do work. The drive component 2 drives the two granulation rollers 3 to rotate. The semicircular grooves 30 on the granulation rollers 3 clamp the material, and the two corresponding semicircular grooves 30 gradually abut with the rotation of the two granulation rollers 3. After the abutment, the material is formed into round granular fertilizer, thereby completing the granulation of the fertilizer.
[0042] The rotation of the two granulating rollers 3 drives the corresponding linkage belts 5 to rotate, and the linkage belts 5 drives the corresponding cleaning rollers 40 to rotate, so that the elastic cleaning pieces 41 on the cleaning rollers 40 are rotated and plugged into the corresponding semicircular grooves 30, and in the process of rotation, the semicircular grooves 30 press the elastic cleaning pieces 41, and the elastic cleaning pieces 41 squeeze and break the bonding materials in the semicircular grooves 30, so that the bonding materials in the semicircular grooves 30 fall out when they are separated from the elastic cleaning pieces 41 after the granulating rollers 3 continue to rotate, thereby realizing the cleaning of the materials in the semicircular grooves 30 and improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0043] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 4-Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of mounting grooves 400 are provided on the cleaning roller 40, and two control slide grooves 401 are respectively provided at each mounting groove 400, the mounting groove 400 is connected with the control slide groove 401, a plurality of elastic cleaning parts 41 are respectively located in the corresponding mounting grooves 400, and the two ends of the elastic cleaning parts 41 are respectively slidably connected with the corresponding control slide grooves 401.
[0044] It should be noted that the control chute 401 described in this embodiment is set to be inclined, the elastic cleaning piece 41 is rotatably plugged into the semicircular groove 30, and the semicircular groove 30 presses the elastic cleaning piece 41, so that when the elastic cleaning piece 41 slides in the control chute 401, it is in a rotating downward movement state, thereby controlling the elastic cleaning piece 41 to rotate and abut against the semicircular groove 30, and further squeezing and crushing the material in the semicircular groove 30, thereby further improving the cleaning effect of the material in the semicircular groove 30.
[0045] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 4-Figure 7 As shown, the elastic cleaning member 41 may include a cleaning head 410 , a fixing rod 411 , a spring 413 and two sliding blocks 412 .
[0046] Among them, the cleaning head 410 is rotatably abutted against the semicircular groove 30, and a plurality of friction protrusions 4100 are arranged on the cleaning head 410, one end of the fixed rod 411 is connected to the cleaning head 410, and the other end of the fixed rod 411 extends into the mounting groove 400, two sliding control blocks 412 are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixed rod 411, and the two sliding control blocks 412 are respectively slidably connected with the corresponding control sliding groove 401, and the spring 413 is arranged in the mounting groove 400, one end of the spring 413 is abutted against the fixed rod 411, and the other end of the spring 413 is abutted against the bottom of the mounting groove 400.
[0047] It can be understood that, by providing the friction protrusions 4100 , the crushing effect of the adhesive material in the semicircular groove 30 can be further improved.
[0048] It is understandable that, through the setting of the spring 413, the fixing rod 411 and the cleaning head 410 can be retracted into the installation groove 400, and the abutment effect between the semicircular groove 30 and the cleaning head 410 is ensured, and the initial state can be quickly restored to facilitate the next abutment and crushing.
[0049] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, two first material baffles 11 are arranged in the box body 1 , one end of the two first material baffles 11 is respectively arranged on the box body 1 , and the other end of the two first material baffles 11 is respectively located above the corresponding granulation rollers 3 .
[0050] It can be understood that, by providing the first material baffle plate 11 , the material can be concentrated between the two granulation rollers 3 , thereby preventing the material from falling directly onto the conveyor 6 , thereby ensuring the granulation effect of the material.
[0051] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, two second material baffles 12 are arranged in the box body 1, one end of the two second material baffles 12 is respectively arranged on the box body 1, and the other end of the two second material baffles 12 is respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers 3, and the second material baffles 12 respectively surround the corresponding cleaning rollers 40.
[0052] It can be understood that by setting the second material baffle plate 12, the cleaning roller 40 can be enclosed, so that the material cleaned by the cleaning roller 40 falls on the second material baffle plate 12, and is discharged from the discharge port (not shown in the figure) opened by the box body 1 at the second material baffle plate 12, thereby preventing the material from falling onto the conveyor 6 and avoiding affecting the subsequent screening efficiency.
[0053] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, a material shifting rod 120 is disposed on the second material shifting plate 12 , one end of the material shifting rod 120 is rotatably connected to the second material shifting plate 12 , and the other end of the material shifting rod 120 extends to the bottom of the semicircular groove 30 .
[0054] It should be noted that the material ejecting rod 120 described in this embodiment is provided with a torsion spring (not shown in the figure), one end of the torsion spring is connected to the material ejecting rod 120, and the other end of the torsion spring is connected to the second material baffle plate 12. The setting of the material ejecting rod 120 can assist the falling of the material in the semicircular groove 30.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the driving assembly 2 may include a motor 20 , a transmission belt 21 , a first gear 22 and a second gear 23 .
[0056] Among them, the motor 20 is set on the box body 1, one end of the transmission belt 21 is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the motor 20, and the other end of the transmission belt 21 is rotatably connected to the first gear 22. The first gear 22 and the second gear 23 are respectively rotatably set on the box body 1, and the first gear 22 and the second gear 23 are respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers 3, and the first gear 22 and the second gear 23 are meshingly connected.
[0057] It can be understood that, through the meshing of the first gear 22 and the second gear 23, the motor 20 drives the first gear 22 to rotate, thereby driving the second gear 23 to rotate, thereby reducing the use of related driving components and reducing the use cost of the device.
[0058] Specifically, in the actual operation process, the relevant staff transports the material from the feed port 10 into the box body 1 and starts the device. The controller (not shown in the figure) controls the motor 20 to rotate, and the motor 20 drives the transmission belt 21 to rotate, and drives the first gear 22 and a granulation roller 3 to rotate, and the first gear 22 engages to drive the second gear 23 to rotate, and drives the other granulation roller 3 to rotate, so that the semicircular grooves 30 on the two granulation rollers 3 clamp the material, and the two corresponding semicircular grooves 30 gradually abut with the rotation of the two granulation rollers 3. After the abutment, the material in the semicircular grooves 30 forms round granular fertilizer, thereby completing the granulation of the fertilizer.
[0059] The rotation of the two granulating rollers 3 drives the corresponding linkage belts 5 to rotate, and the linkage belts 5 respectively drive the corresponding cleaning rollers 40 to rotate, so that the elastic cleaning piece 41 on the cleaning roller 40 is rotated and plugged with the corresponding semicircular groove 30, and in the process of rotation, the semicircular groove 30 casting presses the cleaning head 410, so that the cleaning head 410 and the fixing rod 411 shrink into the mounting groove 400, preventing the elastic cleaning rod from clamping the granulating roller 3. In addition, the fixing rod 411 moves downward to drive the sliding control block 412 to slide downward in the control sliding groove 401, and drives the sliding control block 412, the fixing rod 411 and the cleaning head 410 to rotate, so that the cleaning head 410 rotates in the semicircular groove 30 to extrude and crush the bonded materials, thereby realizing the cleaning of the materials in the semicircular groove 30. After the granulating roller 3 continues to rotate, the bonded, extruded and crushed materials in the semicircular groove 30 fall out when they are separated from the elastic cleaning piece 41, thereby realizing the cleaning of the materials in the semicircular groove 30 and improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0060] In summary, the fertilizer granulation device of the embodiment of the present application adopts an abutment crushing method to clean the adhesive material in the semicircular groove on the granulation roller, thereby improving the granulation quality of the fertilizer.
[0061] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0062] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0063] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and deform the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A fertilizer granulation device, characterized in that: It includes a box, a driving assembly, two granulating rollers, two cleaning assemblies, two linkage belts and a conveyor, among which: The box body is provided with a feed inlet; The driving components are arranged on the box body and are respectively connected to the corresponding granulating rollers; The two granulating rollers are rotatably arranged in the box body, and a plurality of semicircular grooves are respectively opened on the two granulating rollers, and the semicircular grooves on the two granulating rollers are respectively arranged correspondingly; The two cleaning assemblies are rotatably disposed in the box body and are respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers; The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning roller and a plurality of elastic cleaning members, wherein: The cleaning roller is located below the granulating roller and is rotatably arranged in the box; A plurality of the elastic cleaning pieces are respectively arranged on the cleaning roller, and the plurality of the elastic cleaning pieces are respectively plugged into the corresponding semicircular grooves; One end of the two linkage belts is connected to the corresponding granulation rollers, and the other end of the two linkage belts is connected to the corresponding cleaning rollers; The conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the box.
2. The fertilizer granulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning roller is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves, and each mounting groove is provided with two control slide grooves, and the mounting grooves are connected with the control slide grooves; The plurality of elastic cleaning members are respectively located in the corresponding installation grooves, and two ends of the elastic cleaning members are respectively slidably connected to the corresponding control sliding grooves.
3. The fertilizer granulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic cleaning member includes a cleaning head, a fixing rod, a spring and two sliding control blocks, wherein: The cleaning head is rotatably abutted against the semicircular groove, and a plurality of friction protrusions are arranged on the cleaning head; One end of the fixing rod is connected to the cleaning head, and the other end of the fixing rod extends into the mounting groove; The two sliding control blocks are respectively arranged on both sides of the fixing rod, and the two sliding control blocks are respectively slidably connected with the corresponding control sliding grooves; The spring is arranged in the installation groove, one end of the spring abuts against the fixing rod, and the other end of the spring abuts against the bottom of the installation groove.
4. The fertilizer granulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two first material baffles are arranged in the box body, one end of the two first material baffles is respectively arranged on the box body, and the other end of the two first material baffles is respectively located above the corresponding granulation rollers.
5. The fertilizer granulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two second material baffles are arranged in the box body, one end of the two second material baffles is respectively arranged on the box body, the other end of the two second material baffles is respectively located below the corresponding granulation rollers, and the second material baffles respectively surround the corresponding cleaning rollers.
6. The fertilizer granulating device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second material baffle plate is provided with a material shifting rod, one end of which is rotatably connected to the second material baffle plate, and the other end of which extends to below the semicircular groove.
7. The fertilizer granulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a motor, a transmission belt, a first gear and a second gear, wherein: The motor is arranged on the box body; One end of the transmission belt is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the transmission belt is rotatably connected to the first gear; The first gear and the second gear are rotatably disposed on the box body, and the first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the corresponding granulation rollers; The first gear and the second gear are meshingly connected.