High-activity organic fertilizer and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid humification of river sediment. The invention provides a high-activity organic fertilizer. The high-activity organic fertilizer comprises a sediment mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate and iron powder in a mass ratio of 1000: 187.5-200: 4-6: 4-6: 4-6: 4-6. The bottom mud mixture comprises a nano-carrier and river bottom mud in a mass ratio of (150-200): (200-250); the nano-carrier is prepared from biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of (1-3): 1: 1. The operation of preparing the organic fertilizer is simple, the slow release performance of the fertilizer can be enhanced, continuous nutrition supply is provided, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased, and meanwhile, the soil structure and the soil water retention capacity are improved. The oxidation process can eliminate the odor of the bottom mud and reduce the moisture in the bottom mud, and the main product humic acid / fulvic acid not only can improve the soil structure and increase the soil fertility, but also can improve the stress resistance of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of riverbed mud humification. Background Art

[0002] As a potential renewable resource, riverbed mud contains rich organic matter, which makes it an ideal raw material for preparing organic fertilizers. However, since most of the organic matter in the mud exists in the form of macromolecules, it is difficult for plants to directly absorb and utilize it. Therefore, it needs to be converted into small molecular organic matter or a form that is easier to absorb through specific processing techniques. Traditionally, people have used composting methods to treat riverbed mud, that is, to decompose organic matter into humus through the action of microorganisms. However, this method has many shortcomings, including low treatment efficiency, long time consumption, and the possibility of strong odor during the treatment process, which affects the quality of the surrounding environment.

[0003] In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods, researchers have begun to explore new treatment technologies in recent years, such as hydrothermal and chemical catalytic technology. The hydrothermal method uses water as a medium under high temperature and high pressure conditions to induce chemical changes in organic matter in the sediment, accelerate its decomposition process, and thus improve the efficiency of humification. Although this method can effectively improve the treatment effect, its high energy consumption has become an obstacle to its promotion and application. In contrast, chemical catalytic technology has received increasing attention due to its advantages such as efficient catalytic performance and shorter reaction cycle. How to choose a suitable catalyst to achieve effective decomposition of macromolecular organic matter in the sediment under relatively mild conditions while reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution has not been solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a rapid decomposition method for treating riverbed mud, so that the riverbed mud is quickly converted into a highly active organic fertilizer rich in humic acid / fulvic acid, and a honeycomb type slow-release organic fertilizer is prepared by adding xanthan gum and attapulgite.

[0005] The invention provides a high-activity organic fertilizer, comprising: a sediment mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and iron powder in a mass ratio of 1000:187.5-200:4-6:4-6:4-6:4-6; the sediment mixture comprises a nanocarrier and riverbed sediment in a mass ratio of 150-200:200-250; the nanocarrier is biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:1:1.

[0006] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is 1000:200:4:4:4:4.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is: 1000:187.5:5:5:5:5.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is 1000:200:6:6:6:6.

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nanocarrier to the riverbed mud is 200:200.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nanocarrier to the riverbed mud is 182:218.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the nanocarrier to the riverbed mud is 150:250.

[0012] Furthermore, the nanocarrier is biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0013] Furthermore, the nanocarrier is biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: xanthan gum and attapulgite; the mass ratio of the high-activity organic fertilizer, xanthan gum and attapulgite is: 100-200:0.6-1.2:20-40. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the three-dimensional fluorescent image of the riverbed mud in Example 2.

[0016] Figure 2 It is the three-dimensional fluorescence image of organic fertilizer A in Example 2.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a germination comparison chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Example 1

[0019] The collected riverbed mud enriched with fish and shrimp feces is screened to remove larger debris and inorganic particles to increase the uniformity of the mud.

[0020] Biochar (80 mesh): wheat straw powder (40 mesh): corn straw powder (40 mesh) were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a nanocarrier.

[0021] 150 g of the nanocarriers and 1250 g of riverbed mud with a water content of 80% were evenly mixed and the water was removed, leaving 250 g of the riverbed mud, and 1000 g of a mud mixture with a water content of 60% was obtained.

[0022] Urea peroxide (200 g), copper sulfate (4 g), zinc sulfate (4 g), ferric sulfate (4 g) and iron powder (4 g) were added to the sludge (1000 g) in sequence, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a high-activity organic fertilizer A rich in humic acid / fulvic acid.

[0023] The highest decomposition temperature can reach 70°C; the degree of decomposition of organic fertilizer A is judged by using the germination index of cucumber seeds under dark conditions for 48 hours. The experimental results show that the germination index is 80%, and organic fertilizer A is completely decomposed.

[0024] Table 1. One-hour decomposition temperature change table of organic fertilizer A

[0025] Time (min) Temperature(℃) 0 22.3 2 40.7 5 56.3 8 69.5 10 70.3 20 45.8 30 39.7 60 22.6

[0026]

[0027] Table 2. Cucumber seed germination index

[0028] Organic fertilizer A (100 g) was fully stirred with xanthan gum (0.6 g) and attapulgite (20 g) for 3 minutes, and a honeycomb-type controlled-release organic fertilizer B with a diameter of 5 cm was prepared by a honeycomb briquette machine.

[0029] A honeycomb controlled-release fertilizer B and deionized water (500 mL) were placed in a beaker (2000 mL) to study the effects of temperature (25 °C), coexisting ions (0.01 mol / L, Cl - 、CO3 2- 、SO4 2- ), the effect of pH (5-9) on the release rate of humic acid / fulvic acid. The maximum release rates of humic acid and fulvic acid can reach 78% and 80% respectively in 48 hours;

[0030] Table 3. Release rate of humic acid and fulvic acid from honeycomb controlled-release fertilizer B in deionized water

[0031] Time (hours) Fulvic acid release rate (%) Humic acid release rate (%) 5 30 28 10 50 42 15 65 58 20 73 70 30 80 74 40 80 78 48 80 78

[0032] The honeycomb organic fertilizer B was evenly placed on the soil surface at 50 kg / mu. After 30 days, the yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly, the weight of each plant increased by 0.5g, the yield increased by 30%, the yellow leaf rate of Chinese cabbage decreased by 20%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 15SPAD; the release rate of the honeycomb organic fertilizer reached 60%.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The collected riverbed mud enriched with fish and shrimp feces is screened to remove larger debris and inorganic particles to increase the uniformity of the mud.

[0035] Biochar (100 mesh): wheat straw powder (100 mesh): corn straw powder (100 mesh) were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 to obtain a nanocarrier.

[0036] After 182 g of the nanocarrier and 1090 g of riverbed mud with a water content of 80% were evenly mixed and the water was removed, the riverbed mud was 218 g. The water content of the riverbed mud was adjusted to 60%, and 1000 g of the mud mixture was obtained.

[0037] Urea peroxide (187.5 g), copper sulfate (5 g), zinc sulfate (5 g), ferric sulfate (5 g), and iron powder (5 g) were added to the sludge (1000 g) in sequence, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a high-activity organic fertilizer A rich in humic acid / fulvic acid.

[0038] The highest decomposition temperature can reach 75℃; the degree of decomposition of organic fertilizer A is judged by using the germination index of cucumber seeds under dark conditions for 48 hours. The experimental results show that the germination index is 85%, and organic fertilizer A is fully decomposed;

[0039] Table 4. One-hour decomposition temperature change table of organic fertilizer A

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Table 5. Cucumber seed germination index

[0043]

[0044] Organic fertilizer A (150 g) was fully stirred with xanthan gum (0.9 g) and attapulgite (30 g) for 3 minutes, and a honeycomb-type controlled-release organic fertilizer B with a diameter of 5 cm was prepared by a honeycomb briquette machine.

[0045] Two honeycomb controlled-release fertilizers B and deionized water (750 mL) were placed in a beaker (2000 mL) to study the effects of temperature (30 °C), coexisting ions (0.02 mol / L, Cl - 、CO3 2- 、SO4 2- ), the effect of pH (5-9) on the release rate of humic acid / fulvic acid. The maximum release rates of humic acid and fulvic acid can reach 84% and 85% respectively within 48 hours.

[0046] Table 6. Release rate of humic acid / fulvic acid of honeycomb controlled-release fertilizer B in deionized water

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] The honeycomb organic fertilizer B was evenly placed on the soil surface at 75 kg / mu. After 30 days, the yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly, the weight of each plant increased by 0.6g, the yield increased by 40%, the yellow leaf rate of Chinese cabbage decreased by 25%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 25SPAD; the humic acid / fulvic acid release rate of the honeycomb organic fertilizer reached 70%.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] The collected riverbed mud enriched with fish and shrimp feces is screened to remove larger debris and inorganic particles to increase the uniformity of the mud.

[0052] Biochar (200 mesh): wheat straw powder (200 mesh): corn straw powder (200 mesh) were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a nanocarrier.

[0053] The nanocarrier (200 g) and riverbed mud (1000 g) with a water content of 80% were evenly mixed and dewatered, leaving 200 g of the riverbed mud. The water content of the riverbed mud was adjusted to 60%, and 1000 g of the mud mixture was obtained.

[0054] Urea peroxide (200 g), copper sulfate (6 g), zinc sulfate (6 g), ferric sulfate (6 g) and iron powder (6 g) were sequentially added to the conditioned sludge (1000 g) in (1), stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, and allowed to stand for 1 hour to obtain a high-activity organic fertilizer A rich in humic acid / fulvic acid.

[0055] The highest maturity temperature can reach 80℃; the maturity of organic fertilizer A can be judged by using the germination index of cucumber seeds under dark conditions for 48h, such as Figure 3 As shown, a is a germination experiment with deionized water; b is a germination experiment with an extract of organic fertilizer A; and c is a germination experiment with an extract of organic fertilizer A diluted ten times. The experimental results show that the germination index is 90%, and organic fertilizer A is fully decomposed;

[0056] Table 7. Composting temperature variation of organic fertilizer A

[0057] Time (min) Temperature(℃) 0 22.3 2 43.6 5 56.8 8 72.9 10 80.4 20 48.9 30 40.2 60 24.2

[0058] Table 8. Cucumber seed germination index

[0059]

[0060] Organic fertilizer A (200 g) was fully stirred with xanthan gum (1.2 g) and attapulgite (40 g) for 3 minutes, and a honeycomb-type controlled-release organic fertilizer B with a diameter of 5 cm was prepared by a honeycomb briquette machine.

[0061] Three honeycomb controlled-release fertilizers B and deionized water (1000 mL) were placed in a beaker (2000 mL) to study the effects of temperature (45 °C), coexisting ions (0.03 mol / L, Cl - 、CO3 2- 、SO4 2- ), the effect of pH (5-9) on the release rate of humic acid / fulvic acid. The maximum release rate of humic acid and fulvic acid can reach 90% in 48 hours.

[0062] Table 9. Release rate of humic acid / fulvic acid of honeycomb controlled release fertilizer B in deionized water

[0063] Time (hours) Fulvic acid release rate (%) Humic acid release rate (%) 5 40 38 10 63 60 15 77 74 20 85 80 30 90 85 40 90 90 48 90 90

[0064] The honeycomb organic fertilizer B was evenly placed on the soil surface at 100 kg / mu. After 30 days, the yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly, the weight of each plant increased by 0.75g, the yield increased by 50%, the yellow leaf rate of Chinese cabbage decreased by 30%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 30SPAD; the humic acid / fulvic acid release rate of the honeycomb organic fertilizer reached 80%.

[0065] The invention adopts a rapid humification technology to convert riverbed mud into organic fertilizer rich in humic acid / fulvic acid in 1 hour. The method is simple to operate, can enhance the slow-release performance of fertilizer, provide continuous nutrient supply, improve fertilizer utilization, and improve soil structure and soil water retention capacity. The oxidation process can eliminate the odor of the mud and reduce the moisture in the mud. The main product humic acid / fulvic acid can not only improve the soil structure and increase soil fertility, but also improve the stress resistance of crops.

Claims

1. Highly active organic fertilizer, characterized by: include: A mixture of sludge, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder in a mass ratio of 1000:187.5-200:4-6:4-6:4-6:4-6; The sediment mixture comprises nano-carriers and river sediment in a mass ratio of 150-200:200-250; The nano-carrier is biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of 1-3:1:

1.

2. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is 1000:200:4:4:4:

4.

3. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is 1000:187.5:5:5:5:

5.

4. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the riverbed mud mixture, urea peroxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, iron sulfate and iron powder is 1000:200:6:6:6:

6.

5. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the nano-carrier to the riverbed mud is 200:

200.

6. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the nano-carrier to the riverbed mud is 182:

218.

7. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that, The mass ratio of the nano-carrier to the riverbed mud is 150:

250.

8. According to the highly active organic fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: The nano-carrier is biochar, wheat straw powder and corn straw powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

9. According to any one of claims 1 to 8, the highly active organic fertilizer is characterized in that: include: Xanthan gum, attapulgite; The mass ratio of the high-activity organic fertilizer, raw rubber and attapulgite described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is: 100-200:0.6-1.2:20-40.

10. Use of the highly active organic fertilizer according to claim 9 in preparing chicken feather vegetable fertilizer.

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