Milling head for machining pile head

Abstract

Milling head (1) having an axis of rotation (x) and for machining a pile head (80) of a pile (8) comprising a pile core (81), a pile sleeve (82) and a metal armor (83) interposed therebetween. The milling head comprises: coupling means (13) connectable to a drive shaft (2) of the drive means; and a center mill (11) including a plurality of center chisels (111) mounted on the lower side of the inner ring plate (112). According to the invention, the inner ring plate (112) comprises at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) from the lower side of the inner ring plate (112) to the upper side of the inner ring plate (112), which conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) adjoins, on the lower side, a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) that projects at least partially into the working region of the central chisel (111), and which conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) adjoins, on the upper side, a screw conveyor (113A, 113B).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application 202280012311.2, whose application date is January 13, 2022, and whose name is “Milling head for machining pile heads”. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to a milling head for machining a pile head. Background Art

[0003] WO2008135365A1 discloses a milling head for machining a pile head. The pile comprises a pile core, a pile sleeve and a metal armor arranged between the pile core and the pile sleeve.

[0004] This concrete pile to be machined is typically set on unstable ground for supporting a building object, and is composed of concrete that can withstand pressure and steel bars that can withstand tension. The size of the pile is selected according to the building object and the ground, and can vary over a wide range. Typically, piles with a length of 5m-50m and a diameter of 0.4m-2.5m are used. In order to build the pile, a hole is drilled in the ground and a pipe is inserted into the hole. Armored iron is inserted into the pipe and then concrete is poured. The soil at the bottom of the pipe is generally displaced upward and appears at the top of the pile when the pile is completed, which is why it does not have the required strength. In addition, the pile or pile head generally does not include the required size. The pile head may also lack the connecting elements required for the building object. Therefore, the pile head is generally machined and transformed according to the required size and quality.

[0005] For this purpose, the prefabricated, usually cylindrical pile head is machined by a milling head, typically over a length in the range of 0.5 m to 1.5 m, in order to remove the defective concrete. The concrete must be removed so that the armoring iron, typically in the form of a sleeve, which is typically arranged coaxially with the axis of rotation of the pile, and the sound concrete below the pile head are not damaged. After the defective or excess concrete has been removed and the armoring has been exposed, it is usually extended with supplementary armoring and a formwork corresponding to the size of the new pile head to be built is provided. The formwork is then filled with concrete and removed after the concrete has set.

[0006] Traditionally, when working on the pile head, the pile core is milled out to the edge of the armoring iron. Subsequently, the pile sleeve is milled down to the armoring iron. This process not only generally takes a long time, but also often leads to damage to the armoring. In addition, especially when working on the pile sleeve, the previously sound concrete cracks, which greatly reduces the usable cross-section of the concrete pile, so that the surface pressure transmitted from the concrete pile to the building object increases accordingly. Therefore, the corresponding damage of the concrete pile often causes considerable indirect damage to the object built on the defective pile head. In order to avoid this indirect damage, the defective pile and pile head must be repaired at great cost and effort.

[0007] Therefore, when working on a pile head, not only does the time factor play an important role, but also a high-quality finish of the pile head is particularly important, as the pile head forms a critical part of the foundation of a construction object, such as a building or a bridge.

[0008] Substantial progress has been achieved in terms of machining time and machining quality of pile heads using a milling head mounted on a construction vehicle such as an excavator as disclosed in WO2008135365A1. The milling head comprises a coupling device connectable to a drive shaft, a central milling cutter provided with a plurality of central chisels and an annular milling cutter provided with a plurality of annular chisels, the central milling cutter and the annular milling cutter being fixedly coupled to each other and coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation of the drive shaft. The milling head allows the removal of the pile core and the pile sleeve simultaneously without damaging the pile armouring located between the central milling cutter and the annular milling cutter.

[0009] Although this milling head has made a significant progress in the machining of pile heads, there is still a need to develop a milling head that will allow pile heads to be machined faster and more carefully. However, increasing the working speed of the equipment generally leads to poorer quality work results, which is not allowed for the fundamental importance of the machined object or pile head. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is therefore to create an improved milling head for the machining of pile heads.

[0011] By means of the milling head, the pile head of a concrete pile should be machined simultaneously with reduced forces, with a higher working speed and a higher working quality. The milling head should be able to penetrate more advantageously into the pile head, the pile core and the pile sleeve, so that concrete material can be removed with reduced forces, while by reducing the forces, the risk of damaging the machined pile head is reduced.

[0012] When machining pile heads, the concrete should be treated gently so that the accelerated material removal does not cause cracks and fissures in the pile head. At the same time, the load on the milling tool or chisel should be reduced, resulting in less maintenance work on the milling head.

[0013] By means of the milling head it should be ensured in particular that during the machining of the pile head no cracks occur in the pile sleeve which would lead to a correspondingly high amount of repair work depending on the size.

[0014] The center drill unit and the milling tool should also advantageously be mountable and removable in the desired number, so that in this respect also a low maintenance effort results and the milling head can be configured and adapted to the pile to be machined, which can include a diameter of more than 2 m, without requiring a great deal of effort.

[0015] This object is achieved by a milling head comprising the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the further claims.

[0016] The milling head is used to machine the pile head of the pile. Typically, the concrete pile includes a pile core, a pile sleeve and a metal armor located between the pile core and the pile sleeve.

[0017] A milling head that rotates about its longitudinal or rotational axis during use, comprises a coupling device that can be connected to a drive shaft of a drive device, a center milling cutter comprising a plurality of center chisels mounted on the lower side of an inner ring plate, and an annular milling cutter comprising a plurality of annular chisels mounted on the lower side of an outer ring plate, wherein the center milling cutter and the annular milling cutter are connected to each other in coaxial alignment with the rotational axis, and the outer ring plate surrounds the inner ring plate, and the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate are separated by an intermediate circular ring area.

[0018] According to the invention, the inner ring plate comprises at least one conveying opening leading from the lower side of the inner ring plate to the upper side of the inner ring plate, which conveying opening is adjacent to a conveying shovel at least partially extending into the working area of ​​the central chisel on the lower side, and the conveying opening is adjacent to a screw conveyor on the upper side.

[0019] With the milling head according to the invention it is possible to remove sections of the pile core and the pile sleeve simultaneously without damaging the armouring of the pile in the area of ​​the central annular ring. Machining is performed with high precision, making it possible to remove the concrete even at a small distance of a few centimetres from the armouring. The remaining thin concrete sleeve, in which the armouring is attached, can be quickly removed using other tools, such as pliers.

[0020] It is particularly advantageous that sections of the pile core and the pile sleeve can be removed by a linear descent of the milling head. Complex movements of the tool, which are difficult to perform and can lead to damage to the pile head, are no longer necessary. The pile head can thus be machined in a short time without causing damage.

[0021] Due to the linear displacement of the milling head and the correspondingly calculable force effects on the tool, the load and wear on the milling head are also reduced, which is why maintenance is only necessary at longer intervals.

[0022] At least one conveying scoop extending into the working area of ​​the chisel allows the milled material removed from the concrete core to be collected and fed through an associated conveying opening to an associated screw conveyor. By removing the milled material, a major obstacle is removed from the working area of ​​the chisel, allowing the milling head to rotate with reduced resistance and the central chisel to penetrate the pile core with reduced resistance. On the one hand, the efficiency of the milling tools is increased and, on the other hand, their load is reduced.

[0023] By means of the milling head of the invention, a systematic material flow is achieved, which eases the milling process and allows efficient removal of the pile core and pile sleeve. Due to the systematic material flow through the at least one transfer opening, the inner ring plate can have a large surface area for the assembly of the center chisels. Thus, the large mounting surface of the inner ring plate does not affect the material flow. Thus, the desired number of center chisels can be mounted on the underside of the inner ring plate.

[0024] The milled material can be removed particularly effectively if the inner ring plate is provided with two transfer openings, a transfer shovel at least partially protruding into the working area of ​​the central chisel adjoining each transfer opening on the lower side and a screw conveyor adjoining each transfer opening on the upper side. In order to allow the milled material to flow into the screw conveyor with minimal resistance, each transfer opening is preferably adjoined by a connecting surface on the upper side of the inner ring plate, which ensures a laminar or barrier-free transition from the transfer shovel to the associated screw conveyor.

[0025] Preferably, the transfer opening and the transfer shovel and the center chisel are arranged in pairs diametrically opposite to one another and at equal distances from the axis of rotation. The transfer shovel, the center chisel and the annular chisel are preferably also arranged in pairs at the same height. This ensures that diametrically opposite tools or chisels always act on the pile head in the same way and avoids interfering moments or forces caused by asymmetries, which would stress the milling head and interfere with its guidance. As a result, the milling head can be optimally guided and operated with minimal forces. Forces acting laterally on the milling head, which are disadvantageous for installed tools, such as chisels and the preferably provided center drilling unit, are avoided.

[0026] Preferably, the inner ring plate is connected to the lower side of the shaft and the outer ring plate is connected to the lower side of the mounting cylinder, whereby the shaft and the mounting cylinder are aligned coaxially with the axis of rotation and are connected on the upper side to a coupling plate on which the coupling device is arranged. The mounting cylinder preferably comprises at least one outlet window through which the conveyed milled material can be discharged and at least one mounting window which allows manual access to, for example, the coupling device.

[0027] In another preferred embodiment, at least one screw conveyor or two screw conveyors, preferably rotated 180° relative to each other, are provided with side walls in the lower section, which is preferably selected according to the height of the pile head to be machined. The side walls ensure that the milled material of the lower section does not escape from the screw conveyor and can be conveyed out of the remaining area of ​​the pile head including the armoring. Only after the milled material has been conveyed out of this area can it leave laterally in the upper section of the screw conveyor without the side wall and be guided away from the milling head via at least one outlet window. Thus, the side walls of the screw conveyor ensure that the material is conveyed from the inner ring plate to the area of ​​the screw conveyor, in which the milled material is guided away laterally. The side walls can be integrally formed or welded to the screw conveyor, for example made of metal sheet.

[0028] On the underside of the inner ring plate, there is preferably a center drill unit coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation, which extends beyond the center chisel and the ring chisel in the milling direction and therefore penetrates the pile head or the pile core first, thereby performing a guiding function or a guiding function and ensuring that the center chisel and the ring chisel can follow a circular working path.

[0029] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one radial shovel is arranged on the underside of the inner ring plate, which is connected to the center drill unit and is preferably aligned at least approximately radially with respect to the axis of rotation. Preferably, at least one radial shovel extends from the center drill unit to at least one transfer opening. Preferably, a radial shovel is therefore associated with each transfer opening. The at least one radial shovel, for example a straight or curved plate, ensures that the milled material released from the center drill unit and the radially inner center chisel is directed outwards towards the associated transfer opening. The course of the lower edge or the front edge of the radial shovel, and of the lower edge or the front edge of the transfer shovel, is selected so that contact with the pile core is always avoided. The radial shovel is therefore overlapped by adjacent center chisels in the transfer direction.

[0030] According to the principle of the invention, the inner ring plate can advantageously perform multiple functions. On the underside of the inner ring plate, mounting holes can be provided for receiving the center chisel and / or radial spade, and / or receiving apertures can be provided for receiving a mounting portion or a drill chuck for releasably holding the center drill unit. For example, the drill chuck comprises a locking portion, by means of which the center drill unit can be fixed in the drill chuck and, if necessary, can be released again.

[0031] On the upper side of the inner ring plate, receiving apertures may be provided to receive a shaft connecting the inner ring plate to the coupling device.

[0032] The connection of the mounting part or drill chuck and the shaft to the inner ring plate can be realized by known mechanical connection techniques, for example by press fit and / or by threading. For mounting the center chisel, a holder inserted into the mounting hole is preferably provided. Thus, the center chisel and the center drill unit can be advantageously connected to the inner ring plate, which is why maintenance work can be advantageously performed. In the event of defects or maintenance, no welding work needs to be performed. Instead, the center chisel and the center drill unit can be easily disassembled and replaced.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment the centre chisels are radially spaced from each other on the circular line or working circle with equal or unequal chisel spacings, whereby the uniform chisel spacing or different chisel spacings between working circles are preferably in the range of 20 mm - 40 mm.

[0034] During the operation or rotation of the milling head about the axis of rotation, the center chisels preferably operate in pairs and diametrically opposite to each other in the same working circle, which working circles are spaced apart from each other. A particularly effective removal of material from the pile core is achieved by radially spacing the center chisels or working circles in the range of 20 mm-40 mm. If the distance is greater than 40 mm, too little material is removed, and if the distance is less than 20 mm, the center chisel can only penetrate with a considerably increased force, which is preferably avoided in order to prevent damage to the pile head and the milling head. Ideally, the chisel spacing is in the range of 25 mm-35 mm.

[0035] The inner ring plate is preferably offset forward relative to the outer ring plate in the milling direction, so that the central chisel is also offset forward relative to the annular chisel. For example, there is an axial displacement of 10mm-25mm.

[0036] Alternatively or additionally, the installation height of the center chisel in the milling direction preferably varies from working circle to working circle with a height difference which is in the range of 5 mm-25 mm and increases in the direction of the axis of rotation.

[0037] Thus, during operation of the milling head, the center drill unit first penetrates the pile core. Then, the center chisels penetrate the pile core in pairs, sequentially and in stages, so that the pile core is machined from the inside out. Thus, the surface tension of the pile core is gradually broken by the graded arrangement of the center chisels. Rather than breaking the surface of the pile core in one step, the surface tension is broken stepwise and thus with reduced force. Thus, the milling head of the invention can be operated efficiently with reduced force or reduced drive torque.

[0038] In another preferred embodiment, the installation height of the annular chisel in the milling direction is also selected differently. Preferably, the installation height in the milling direction increases radially outward from annular chisel to annular chisel or from the working circle of annular chisel to the working circle of annular chisel with a height difference, and the height difference is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm.

[0039] Since the annular chisel at the outermost edge of the outer ring plate is displaced the farthest downward against the pile head in the milling direction, the outermost edge of the pile sleeve is milled away first. Therefore, the pile sleeve is milled from the outside to the inside, avoiding cracking. Therefore, the surface tension of the pile sleeve is broken at the outer edge, after which the pile sleeve is gradually removed inward.

[0040] The central chisels and the annular chisels are preferably mounted in at least two spiral rows on the underside of the inner and outer ring plates, respectively. As described, the chisel height of the central chisels preferably increases linearly or nonlinearly from central chisel to central chisel radially inwardly in the direction of the axis of rotation or in the direction of the central drilling unit. On the other hand, as described, the chisel height of the annular chisels preferably increases linearly or nonlinearly from annular chisel to annular chisel radially outwardly to the edge of the outer ring plate.

[0041] The center drill unit and the center chisel at different installation heights and the annular chisel at different installation heights form a waveform extending concentrically with the axis of rotation in their engagement area or together with the corresponding working circle, which has a maximum in the area of ​​the axis of rotation in the milling direction, a minimum in the area of ​​the center annular surface, and rises again towards the outer edge of the outer ring plate in the milling direction. The waveform ensures the best engagement of the milling head in the pile head, so that the pile head can be effectively but gently machined. The surface tension in the pile core and the pile sleeve is advantageously destroyed, which is to remove materials quickly with the energy demand reduced, and to avoid the reason of damaging (for example, the splitting of the pile sleeve) at the same time. Therefore, the present invention combines these three basic advantages that are usually mutually exclusive. With the energy input reduced, faster and softer material removal occurs. It should be noted that the milling process is advantageous on the one hand by the creative processing of the milling material, and on the other hand by the advantageous arrangement of the center chisel and / or the annular chisel.

[0042] At least one conveying shovel has a front edge extending from an inner edge closer to the axis of rotation to an outer edge farther from the axis of rotation. One or more conveying shovels are arranged and aligned so that contact with the pile head is avoided and the loose milled material is firmly grasped and efficiently conveyed to the associated screw conveyor. The milled material conveyed radially outward from the radial shovel to the conveying opening is collected by the conveying shovel and conveyed upward to the screw conveyor. On the other hand, the milled material loosened by the outer center chisel is first collected by the conveying shovel on the outside and conveyed into the material flow flowing inward and upward to the screw conveyor. This prevents the milled material from gathering around the inner ring plate and hindering the milling process or the rotation of the milling head. The conveying shovel preferably includes an outer shovel wall so that the material collected by the conveying shovel is not thrown outward by centrifugal force.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, at least one cleaning tool, such as a chisel, is therefore additionally provided, which grabs the material at the periphery of the inner ring plate and deflects it inwardly. The cleaning tool or cleaning chisel preferably protrudes radially outwardly and exceeds the inner ring plate with a gap width, which is preferably in the range of 5 mm to 40 mm.

[0044] Preferably, the front edge of the conveying shovel is horizontally inclined at a horizontal inclination angle relative to the diameter of the inner ring plate, so that when the milling head rotates in the working direction, the outer edge of the corresponding conveying shovel is in front and the inner edge follows behind. The horizontal inclination angle, preferably in the range of 5°-25°, ensures that the milled material is caught at the periphery and guided to the center of the conveying shovel.

[0045] Preferably, the front edge of the delivery shovel is vertically inclined relative to the diameter of the inner ring plate at a vertical inclination angle, so that, depending on the mounting height of the center chisel, the inner edge is preferably higher than the outer edge. Preferably, the vertical inclination angle is selected depending on the height of the center chisel, so that between the tip of the center chisel and the front edge of the delivery shovel, there is a shovel spacing or distance in the range of 5 mm-40 mm from the tip of the chisel and thus from the surface of the pile core.

[0046] The transport shovel is also inclined relative to the rotation axis at a vertical inclination angle of the shovel, the front edge of the transport shovel being at the front during operation of the milling head, and the vertical inclination angle of the shovel is preferably in the range between 5° and 85°.

[0047] The at least one radial shovel and / or the at least one conveying shovel are preferably located at least partially in a form-fitting manner in a recess or mounting hole provided in the inner ring plate. In this way, the radial shovel and the conveying shovel can be easily installed and removed. On the other hand, the at least one radial shovel and / or the at least one conveying shovel can also be completely or partially welded to the inner ring plate, whereby the radial shovel and the conveying shovel preferably lie at least partially on the supporting surface of the inner ring plate.

[0048] The central chisel arranged on the central milling cutter and the annular chisel arranged on the annular milling cutter preferably comprise a weldable or form-fitting mounting and a chisel element which can be inserted therein and which can be replaced regularly. Preferably, the holder is connected to a corresponding holder or mounting element of the ring plate by a form-fitting connection, such as a dovetail connection. The annular chisel is preferably slightly larger than the central chisel. Furthermore, one of the annular chisels can be connected to the inner ring plate as a cleaning chisel.

[0049] The inner and outer diameters of the inner and outer ring plates are preferably precisely adapted to the size of the pile and the position of the armouring in the pile, so that maximum removal of concrete is ensured without damaging the armouring. Therefore, a milling head is provided according to the size of the pile head to be machined, which may include an outer diameter of more than 2 m.

[0050] Preferably, center cutters and annular cutters of any size can be combined or connected to each other via a coupling plate. Furthermore, outer ring plates of different sizes and / or equipped with different tools can preferably be releasably connected to the mounting cylinder. Furthermore, inner ring plates of different sizes and / or equipped with different tools can preferably be releasably connected to the shaft. In this way, the milling head can be flexibly adapted to the pile head to be machined.

[0051] The milling head is made of a wear-resistant material, in particular of iron and steel. The tool parts that come into contact with the concrete pile are preferably made of hard metal. Typically, the milling tool comprises a receiving aperture into which the carbide element is inserted for machining the concrete. For example, plastic parts can be used if they have the desired strength and a certain elasticity should be given to the milling head or its parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Below, the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is shown thereby:

[0053] Figure 1a A cross-sectional view of a milling head 1 for machining a pile head 80 according to the present invention is shown, the milling head 1 comprising a coupling device 13, an annular milling cutter 12 and a center milling cutter 11, the annular milling cutter 12 comprising a plurality of annular chisels 12 mounted on the lower side of an outer ring plate 122, the center milling cutter 11 comprising an inner ring plate 112, a plurality of center chisels 111 being arranged on the lower side of the inner ring plate 112, two conveying shovels 119A, 119B being mounted adjacent to conveying openings 1120A, 1120B, through which loose milling material can be conveyed from the working area of ​​the center chisel 111 to the screw conveyors 113A, 113B;

[0054] Figure 1b Shows Figure 1a The milling head 1 during machining of the pile head 80, the pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82 of the pile head 80 have been removed by a height h2, and the intact iron armor 83 between the pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82 is retained in a relatively thin concrete sleeve 88;

[0055] Figure 2 Shown from below Figure 1a a milling head 1, wherein an inner ring plate 112 equipped with a central chisel 111 and an outer ring plate 122 equipped with an annular chisel 121 are shown, wherein the central chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 cover a central annular region kr1 corresponding to the pile core 81 and an outer annular region kr3 corresponding to the pile sleeve 82 according to the geometry of the machined pile 8, and define an intermediate annular region kr2, into which the remaining concrete sleeve 88 with the iron armor 83 can enter after machining the pile head 80;

[0056] Figure 3a Shows Figure 2an inner ring plate 112 equipped with two series 111A, 111B of spirally arranged center chisels 111, a center drilling unit 114, and provided with two transfer openings 1120A, 1120B, each of which is laterally adjacent to a radial shovel 118A, 118B and in the direction of rearward rotation to a transfer shovel 119A, 119B, and a cleaning chisel 1119A, 1119B is provided at the front of each transfer shovel;

[0057] Figure 3b Shows Figure 3a an inner ring plate 112 with a marked working circle ml of the center chisels 111 of the two series 111A, 111B, wherein the two center chisels 111 diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the rotation axis x of the center drilling unit 114 and the milling head 1 are guided along a common working circle ml;

[0058] Figure 4 A part of a center milling cutter 11 is shown with an inner ring plate 112 , a center drilling unit 114 , only three mounted center chisels 1112A, 1115B, 1118A and a transfer opening 1120B adjacent to which an associated radial shovel 118B and an associated transfer shovel 119B projecting into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111 are attached;

[0059] Figure 5a Shows Figure 3a The inner ring plate 112 is fully equipped with a center chisel 111, radial shovels 118A, 118B, transport shovels 119A, 119B, cleaning tools 1119A, 1119B and a center drilling unit 114;

[0060] Figure 5b Shows Figure 5a The inner ring plate 112 after the center chisel 111 and the delivery shovel 119B are removed and the center drill unit 114 and the drill chuck 1143 are removed from the recess 1129 of the inner ring plate 112;

[0061] Figure 6a Shown from above Figure 5a an inner ring plate 112, wherein screw conveyors 113A, 113B adjoin the upper side of the inner ring plate 112, the screw conveyors being rotated 180° relative to one another about the axis 115 of the center milling cutter 11, and each screw conveyor being provided with a screw wall 1130 in this section, and showing in a front view a conveying opening 1120B which adjoins on the lower side a conveying shovel 119B projecting into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111, and on the upper side adjoins the screw conveyor 113B;

[0062] Figure 6b Shows Figure 6aThe inner ring plate 112 has the conveying openings 1120A, 1120B, but does not have the screw conveyors 113A, 113B, the shaft 115 and the conveying shovel 119B;

[0063] Figure 7a A center chisel 111 is shown, including a holder 111F and a chisel element 111M inserted therein; and

[0064] Figure 7b An annular chisel 121 is shown, comprising a holder 121F and a chisel element 121M inserted therein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Figure 1a A cross-sectional view of a milling head 1 of the present invention is shown. Figure 1b As shown, the milling head 1 is designed for machining a pile head 80 of a concrete pile 8 .

[0066] The milling head 1 comprises a central milling cutter 11 and an annular milling cutter 12, which are connected to each other at their upper side by a coupling plate 133 and a counterplate 134 and to a coupling device 13. The coupling device 13 comprises a coupling sleeve 131, into which a drive shaft 2 of a drive device (not shown) can be inserted and locked, for example, by means of a bolt 132. The drive shaft 2 is held, for example, by a construction vehicle, which is able to rotate and axially displace the drive shaft 2 about the rotation axis x or about the longitudinal axis of the milling head 1. Thus, the milling head 1 can be rotationally coaxially lowered onto the pile head 80 to machine it, as Figure 1b In all embodiments, the milling head 1 rotates clockwise when viewed from above.

[0067] The annular milling cutter 12 comprises an outer ring plate 122, on the lower side of which the annular chisel 121 is mounted, aligned in the direction of rotation or tilted relative thereto. The upper side of the outer ring plate 122 is preferably releasably connected, for example by a flange element and a screw or a threaded element, to the lower side of a mounting cylinder 123, which is preferably releasably connected, for example by a flange element and a screw or a threaded element, to a coupling plate 133. The mounting cylinder 123 is shown as a quarter section with a view exposing the center milling cutter 11. On the lower side, the mounting cylinder 123 comprises an outlet window 1231, through which loose milling material can be guided away to the outside. On the upper side, the mounting cylinder 123 comprises a mounting window 1232, which allows engagement in the milling head 1, for example to release the center milling cutter 11.

[0068] The center milling cutter 11 comprises an inner ring plate 112, on the lower side of which the center chisel 111 is mounted, aligned in the rotation direction or tilted relative thereto. A center drill unit 114 coaxially aligned with the rotation axis x is arranged on the lower side of the inner ring plate 112, which protrudes downwardly in the milling direction beyond the center chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121. The inner ring plate 112 also comprises two transfer openings 1020A, 1020B (see Figure 3a ), the two transfer openings are diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the axis of rotation x, and a radial shovel 118A, 118B and a conveying shovel 119A, 119B are assigned to each transfer opening.

[0069] On the upper side, screw conveyors 113A, 113B are adjacent to each conveying opening 1020A, 1020B. The screw conveyors 113A, 113B that surround the shaft 115 upwards are preferably formed by solid metal sheets. The lower side of the shaft 115 is connected to the inner ring plate 112, and is preferably releasably retained on the upper side by the connecting device 14. The shaft 115 is connected to the coupling device 13 in a force-locking and / or shape-locking manner by the connecting device 14. The connecting device 14 preferably includes a clamping device distributed along the circumference of the shaft 115, which allows the shaft 115 to be clamped to the counter plate 134. Therefore, the connecting device 14 allows the shaft 115 and the center milling cutter 11 to be removed from the milling head 1. Therefore, the center milling cutter 11 can be disassembled, repaired and reinserted, or replaced by the center milling cutter 11 including other features.

[0070] Figure 1b The pile head 80 of the pile 8 is shown in FIG. Figure 1a The milling head 1 of FIG. 1 shows a pile 8 cut away, the pile 8 comprising a height h1 and a diameter d. The pile core 81 and the pile sleeve 82 (between which the intact iron armor 83 is held in a relatively thin concrete sleeve 88) have removed a height difference h2 from top to bottom. The loose milled material is collected by the conveying shovels 119A, 119B and fed to the screw conveyors 113A, 113B through the conveying openings 1220A, 1220B and lifted and carried away by these screw conveyors on the pile head 80 and the remaining concrete sleeve 88, respectively. Inside the pile head 80, the milled material is laterally retained by the spiral wall 1130, which is formed or welded to the screw conveyors 113A, 113B at the periphery. Thus, the milled material is lifted above the pile head 80 and only thereafter, under the action of the centrifugal force, is discharged outwardly to the outlet opening 1231 of the mounting cylinder 123.

[0071] Figure 1bIt is also shown that the central chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 are at different heights, so as to engage the pile head 80 at different depths. At least the central chisel 111 close to the central drilling unit 114 is lower than the annular chisel 121 in the milling direction. Similarly, on the inner ring plate 112 and the outer ring plate 122, the central chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121 are installed at different heights in the milling direction. The installation height of the central chisel 111 increases radially in the direction of the rotation axis x, preferably gradually from the central chisel 111 to the central chisel 111. The installation height of the annular chisel 121 preferably increases radially outwardly from the annular chisel 121 to the annular chisel 121. A linear increase or a nonlinear increase can be provided. The central drilling unit 114, which assumes a guiding or guiding function, itself protrudes downward beyond the central chisel 111.

[0072] Figure 1b A cross section through a pile head 8 with a symmetrical course of milling lines d1 is shown, which corresponds to the arrangement of the center drill unit 114, the center chisel 111 and the annular chisel 121, includes a maximum in the region of the axis of rotation, and is interrupted in the region of the concrete sleeve 88 or in the region of the center annular region kr2, and includes a minimum and then rises again toward the outside in the milling direction. When the pile head 8 is machined, a corresponding waveform concentric with the axis of rotation x is generated on its surface. This waveform ensures that the center milling cutter 11 and the annular milling cutter 12 are optimally engaged in the pile head 80 and remove the pile core 81 from the inside to the outside, and remove the pile sleeve 82 from the outside to the inside. This gradual machining of the pile head 80 allows the surface tension in the pile core 81 and the surface tension in the pile sleeve 82 to be advantageously released, while avoiding damage to the pile head 80.

[0073] After finishing the machining of the pile head 80, the milling head 1 is lifted again. The remaining concrete sleeve 88, which still surrounds and protects the iron armor 83, is then removed effortlessly by using other tools (e.g. milling and clamping).

[0074] Figure 2 The milling head 1 is shown from below, showing an inner ring plate 112 equipped with a central chisel 111 and an outer ring plate 122 equipped with annular chisels 121, which cover a central annular region kr1 corresponding to the pile core 81 and an outer annular region kr3 corresponding to the pile sleeve 82 according to the geometry of the machined pile 8 and delimit an intermediate annular region kr2 into which the remaining concrete sleeve 88 with the iron armor 83 can enter after machining the pile head 80. A portion of the intermediate annular region kr2 is indicated by hatching.

[0075] The outer ring plate 122 has an outer diameter d122o and an inner diameter d122i. The inner ring plate 112 has an outer diameter d112.

[0076] On the outer ring plate 122, three series 121A, 121B, 121C of twelve spirally arranged annular chisels 121 or 1211, 1212, ..., 12112 are arranged with an offset of 120 ° respectively. Each of the three annular chisels 121 is along the same working circle ml (only one working circle ml is shown). The installation height of the annular chisel 121 increases radially from the inside to the outside from the first annular chisel 1211 to the last annular chisel 12112 or from one working circle ml to the next working circle ml, preferably continuously, which is why the outermost annular chisel 12112 is located at the highest point in the milling direction and therefore first grasps the outer edge of the pile sleeve 82. In this way, the pile sleeve 82 is machined from the outside to the inside, which is why harmful splitting is avoided. The increase in the installation height of the annular chisel 121 is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm. For example, the increase in the installation height of the first annular chisel 1211, 1212, ... is close to 5 mm, and the increase in the installation height of the last annular chisel ..., 12111, 12112 is close to 25 mm.

[0077] exist Figure 3a On the inner ring plate 112 shown in enlarged form in FIG. 1 , eight spirally arranged central chisels 111 and two series 111A, 111B of 1111 , 1112 , . . . , 1118 are each arranged offset by 180°.

[0078] like Figure 3b As shown, two diametrically opposed center chisels 111 are along the same working circle ml. The installation height of the center chisels 111 increases radially from the outside to the inside from the first center chisel 1111 to the last center chisel 1108, preferably continuously, which is why the center chisel 1108 closest to the rotation axis x is located highest in the milling direction and therefore penetrates the center of the pile core 81 first after the center drill unit 114. In this way, the pile core 81 is machined from the inside to the outside, which allows the pile core 81 to be machined faster.

[0079] For example, the increase in the installation height of the first annular chisels 1111, 1112, ... is close to 5 mm, and the increase in the installation height of the last annular chisels ..., 1107, 1108 is close to 25 mm.

[0080] The central chisels 111 are radially offset from one another in pairs with equal or unequal chisel distances ma and define a working circle ml during rotation. The difference in radius of the working circle ml corresponds to the respective chisel spacings. The uniform chisel spacing ma or the different chisel distances ma are preferably in the range of 20 mm-40 mm. With this arrangement of the central chisels 111, material is optimally removed. Therefore, the working circles ml are radially and also vertically offset from one another.

[0081] The inner ring plate 112 also includes two conveying openings 1120A, 1120B, which are diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the rotation axis x, through which loose milled material can be guided away. In order to remove the milled material, a conveying shovel 119A, 119B is arranged adjacent to the rear edge of each conveying opening 1120A, 1120B, which on the one hand partially extends into the area of ​​the corresponding conveying opening 1120A, 1120B and on the other hand partially extends into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111. At the front, the conveying shovel 119A, 119B includes a front edge 1193, which extends from the inner edge of the conveying shovel 119A, 119B to the outer edge. Therefore, the front edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119A, 119B first engages with the exposed milled material so as to guide it upwards away through the conveying shovel 119A, 119B.

[0082] Figure 3a It is shown that the front edge 1193 is horizontally inclined relative to the diameter d112 of the inner ring plate 112 by a horizontal inclination angle a1, so that when the milling head 1 rotates in the working direction, the outer edge 1192 of the corresponding conveying shovel 119A, 119B is in front, and the inner edge 1191 follows behind. As a result, the milled material is first collected on the outside of the front edge 1193 and displaced inwardly against the corresponding conveying opening 1120A, 1120B. The displacement of the milled material leads to a favorable material flow, which relieves the load on the conveying shovel 119A, 119B. The horizontal inclination angle or advancement angle a1 is preferably in the range of 0°-25°.

[0083] Each transfer opening 1120A, 1120B is also associated with a radial shovel 118A, 118B, which conveys the milled material exposed by the center drill unit 114 and the inner center chisel 111 outwardly to the transfer opening 1120A, 1120B. The radial shovel 118A, 118B can be a simple plate, which is preferably held by the inner ring plate 112 in a form-fitting manner and is preferably radially toward the associated transfer opening 1120A, 1120B or inclined toward the associated transfer opening 1120A, 1120B.

[0084] Figure 3bIt is also shown that a cleaning chisel 1119A, 1119B is mounted on the front edge of each conveying opening 1120A, 1120B, which projects outwardly beyond the inner ring plate 112 with a gap width b, which is preferably in the range of 5 mm-40 mm. The cleaning chisels 1119A, 1119B pick up concrete particles that have not yet become loose and could damage the conveying shovels 119A, 119B, as well as milled material located on the outside, and convey them radially inward so that they can be picked up by the conveying shovels 119A, 119B. The cleaning chisels 1119A, 1119B are preferably identical to the annular chisel 121, which is preferably larger than the central chisel 111.

[0085] In order to ensure that the milled material can be well gripped at the periphery, the conveying shovels 119A, 119B can also protrude radially outwards beyond the inner ring plate 112 by 35 mm.

[0086] Figure 3b It is also shown that the inner ring plate 112 has a mounting hole 1128 on the lower side, into which the center chisel 111 or a holder for the center chisel 111 is inserted.

[0087] Figure 4 A portion of a center milling cutter 11 is shown, with an inner ring plate 112, a center drill unit 114, only three mounted center chisels 1112A, 1115B, 1118A, and a transfer opening 1120B, adjacent to which are associated radial scoops 118B and associated transfer scoops 119B extending into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111. For each tool, the penetration depth is shown; t0 for the center drill unit 114, t1, t2, t3 for the center chisels 1112A, 1115B, 1118A, t1181, t1182 for the inner edge 1181 and the outer edge 1182 of the radial scoop 118B, and t1191, 1192 for the inner edge 1191 and the outer edge 1192 of the transfer scoop 119B.

[0088] The front edge 1183 of the radial shovel 118B extends from the inner edge 1181 to the outer edge 1182, or from the penetration depth t1181 to the penetration depth t1182, with a slope that decreases outward. The front edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119B extends from the inner edge 1191 to the outer edge 1192, or from the penetration depth t1191 to the penetration depth t1182, with a slope that decreases outward.

[0089] The front edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119B is vertically inclined relative to the diameter d112 of the inner ring plate 112, preferably inclined at a vertical inclination angle a2, so that the inner edge 1191 is preferably higher than the outer edge 1192 in the conveying direction according to the installation height of the center chisel 111. Therefore, the conveying shovel 119B does not contact the surface of the pile head 80 or the pile core 81.

[0090] Preferably, a shovel spacing a3 is provided between the front edge 1193 of the conveying shovel 119 and the working circle ml of the center chisel 111 or the tip of the center chisel 111, which shovel spacing is preferably in the range of 5mm-40mm.

[0091] Figure 4 Also shown is a center drill unit 114 comprising a milling or drilling tool 1141 and a tool shaft 1142 , the center drill unit 114 being held in a mounting portion or drill chuck 1143 and fixed by a locking portion 11431 , for example by bolts.

[0092] Figure 5a Shows Figure 3a 1, a spatial representation of the inner ring plate 112 of FIG. 1, which is fully equipped with center chisels 111; radial shovels 118A, 118B; conveying shovels 119A, 119B; cleaning tools 1119A, 1119B; and center drilling unit 114. The series of center chisels 111 are marked with corresponding serial numbers 1111, 1112, ..., 1108. In addition, a view from above the conveying shovel 119B through the conveying opening 1120B is shown on the right.

[0093] Figure 5b The diagram shows the center chisel 111 and the delivery shovel 119B removed and the center drill unit 114 and the drill chuck 1143 removed from the recess 1129 of the inner ring plate 112. Figure 5a Inner ring plate 112. In addition, recesses 1123 can be seen on the underside of inner ring plate 112, which are used to accommodate radial shovels 118A, 118B. The housing 121F of the cleaning chisel 1119B is still installed.

[0094] In order to achieve the assembly height or mutual vertical displacement of the center chisel 111, the lower side of the inner ring plate 112 is provided with annular steps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, which preferably correspond to the working circle ml.

[0095] Figure 6a Shown from above Figure 5aThe inner ring plate 112 of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a screw conveyor 113A, 113B adjoining the upper side of the inner ring plate 112 and rotated 180° relative to each other, the screw conveyors 113A, 113B surrounding the axis 115 of the center milling cutter 11 and in this section, each screw conveyor 113A, 113B is provided with a screw wall 1130. A conveying opening 1120B is shown, to which a conveying bucket 119B extending into the working area of ​​the center chisel 111 adjoins on the lower side and the screw conveyor 113B adjoins on the upper side. The inner ring plate 112 has a conveying surface 1125A, 1125B for each conveying opening 1020A, 1020B, via which the milled material is conveyed from the conveying bucket 119A, 119B to the associated screw conveyor 113A, 113B. The conveying surface 1125A, 1125B can be completely covered by the conveying shovel 119A, 119B. For example, the conveying shovel 119A, 119B can thus be welded at the front to the lower end of the conveying surface 1125A, 1125B, or it can be attached to the associated conveying surface 1125A, 1125B, or it can be screwed on.

[0096] The conveying shovel 119B, which is adjacent to the lower side of the conveying opening 1120B or further extended, is inclined at the shovel's inclination angle a4 relative to the rotation axis x and forms an inclined plane. The conveying shovel 119B is inclined at the shovel's inclination angle a4, and the front edge 1193 is forward below the conveying opening 1120B, wherein the shovel's inclination angle a4 is preferably in the range of 5°-85°. Preferably, a vertical orientation of the conveying shovel 119B is avoided, in which case the milled material is pushed forward and hardly displaced upward. The shovel's inclination angle a4 (approximately 45° in the embodiment shown) is therefore selected so that the milled material can pass over the conveying shovel 119B to the conveying opening 1020B and onto the screw conveyor 113B. In order to prevent the conveyed milled material from escaping to the outside, the conveying shovel 119B includes an outer wall 1195.

[0097] The conveying surface 1125B is preferably shaped so as to produce an unobstructed, preferably laminar transition between the conveying blades 119B at the inlet of the screw conveyor 113B.

[0098] Figure 6b Shows Figure 6aThe inner ring plate 112 is provided without the screw conveyors 113A, 113B, the shaft 115 and the conveying shovel 119B. After the conveying shovel 119B is removed, a connection space with a connection surface 1127 is exposed on the lower edge of the conveying surface 1125B or on the lower side of the conveying opening 1120B, in which the conveying shovel 119B can be fastened, for example, screwed and / or welded. Also exposed are connection surfaces 1126A, 1126B for the screw conveyors 113A, 113B, which extend to an edge or stop 11261, which is flush with the upper edge of the associated screw conveyors 113A, 113B, so that the milled material can enter the screw conveyors 113A, 113B unhindered.

[0099] Figure 7a A central chisel 111 is shown comprising a holder 111F and a chisel element 111M inserted therein.

[0100] Figure 7b Shown is an annular chisel 121, which includes a holder 121F and a chisel element 121M inserted therein. In this embodiment, the annular chisel 121 is also used as a cleaning chisel. Figure 6b shown.

[0101] List of reference numerals:

[0102] 1 Milling head

[0103] 11 Center milling cutter

[0104] 111, 1111, ..., 1118 center chisel

[0105] 111A, 111B center chisel set

[0106] 111F Chisel Holder

[0107] 111M Chisel or tool

[0108] 1119A, 1119B cleaning tools, cleaning chisels

[0109] 112 inner ring plate

[0110] 1120A, 1120B transmission opening

[0111] 1123 Mounting holes for radial shovel

[0112] 1124 receiving opening for shaft 115

[0113] 1125A, 1125B Conveying surface of conveying opening

[0114] 1126A, 1126B are used for the connection surface of screw conveyors

[0115] 1127 Connection surface for conveyor shovel

[0116] 1128Mounting hole for center chisel 111

[0117] 1129 receiving opening for mounting portion 1143

[0118] 113A, 113B screw conveyor

[0119] 1130 Spiral Wall

[0120] 114 Center Drill Unit

[0121] 1141 Milling tools, hard metal cutting edges

[0122] 1142 tool shaft

[0123] 1143 mounting part, drill chuck

[0124] 11431 Locking part

[0125] 115 Axis

[0126] 118A, 118B radial shovel

[0127] 1181 Inner edge of radial shovel

[0128] 1182 Outer edge of radial shovel

[0129] 1183 Front edge of radial shovel

[0130] 119A, 119B conveyor shovel

[0131] 1191 Inner edge of conveyor shovel

[0132] 1192 Outer edge of the conveyor shovel

[0133] 1193 Front edge of the conveyor shovel

[0134] 1195 Outer wall of conveyor shovel

[0135] 12 Annular milling cutter

[0136] 121; 1211, ..., 12112 ring chisel

[0137] 121A, ..., 121C Annular chisel set

[0138] 121F Chisel Holder

[0139] 121M Chisel or tool

[0140] 122 outer ring plate

[0141] 123 Install the cylinder

[0142] 1231 Exit Window

[0143] 1232 Mounting window for access

[0144] 13. Connecting device

[0145] 131 Connecting sleeve

[0146] 132Connection means, connection bolts

[0147] 133 Connecting plate

[0148] 134 Pair of panels

[0149] 14 Connecting device

[0150] 2 Drive shaft

[0151] 8 piles

[0152] 81 Pile Core

[0153] 82 Pile sleeve

[0154] 83 Metal Armor

[0155] 88 Concrete Sleeve

[0156] a1 Horizontal inclination angle of the front edge

[0157] a2 Vertical inclination angle of the front edge

[0158] a3 Spacing of shovels

[0159] a4 Shovel tilt angle

[0160] b Gap width

[0161] d Pile diameter

[0162] d112 Outer diameter of inner ring plate

[0163] d122i Inner diameter of outer ring plate

[0164] d122o Outer diameter of outer ring plate

[0165] d1 Milling line along the pile diameter

[0166] h1 pile height

[0167] h2 pile head height

[0168] kr1 Central ring area

[0169] kr2 middle ring area

[0170] kr3 outer ring area

[0171] ma Chisel spacing

[0172] ml chisel line, working circle

[0173] Steps S1, ..., S5 at the inner ring plate 112

[0174] t0Penetration depth of center drill unit

[0175] t1 Penetration depth of center chisel 1118A

[0176] Penetration depth of t2 center chisel 1115B

[0177] t3 Penetration depth of center chisel 1112A

[0178] t1181 Radial shovel inner edge penetration depth

[0179] t1182 Radial shovel outer edge penetration depth

[0180] t1191 Depth of penetration of inner edge of conveyor shovel

[0181] t1192 Depth of penetration of outer edge of conveyor shovel

Claims

1. A milling head (1) having a rotation axis (x) for machining a pile head (80) of a pile (8), the pile comprising a pile core (81), a pile sleeve (82) and a metal armor (83) inserted therebetween, the milling head (1) comprising: a coupling device (13) connectable to a drive shaft (2) of a drive device, and The center milling cutter (11) comprises a plurality of center chisels (111) mounted on the lower side of the inner ring plate (112), characterized in that: The inner ring plate (112) includes at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) leading from the lower side of the inner ring plate (112) to the upper side of the inner ring plate (112), and the at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) is adjacent to a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) at least partially extending into the working area of ​​the center chisel (111) on the lower side, and the at least one conveying opening (1120A, 1120B) is adjacent to a screw conveyor (113A, 113B) on the upper side.

2. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that There is also an annular milling cutter (12), which includes a plurality of annular chisels (121) mounted on the underside of an outer ring plate (122). The central milling cutter (11) and the annular milling cutter (12) are connected to each other in coaxial alignment with the rotation axis (x), and The outer ring plate (122) surrounds the inner ring plate (112), and the inner ring plate (112) and the outer ring plate (122) are separated by a middle annular region (kr2).

3. The milling head (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inner ring plate (112) comprises two conveying openings (1120A, 1120B), each of which is adjacent on the lower side to a conveying shovel (119A, 119B) extending at least partially into the working area of ​​the central chisel (111), and each of which is adjacent on the upper side to a screw conveyor (113A, 113B).

4. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that The transfer openings (1120A, 1120B) and the conveying shovels (119A, 119B) and the central chisel (111) are arranged in pairs diametrically opposite to each other with respect to the rotation axis (x) and at equal distances from the rotation axis (x).

5. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The inner ring plate (112) is connected to the lower side of the shaft (115), the outer ring plate (122) is connected to the lower side of the mounting cylinder (123), and the shaft (115) and the mounting cylinder (123) are coaxially aligned with the rotation axis (x) and are connected to a connecting plate (133) at their upper sides, and the connecting device (13) is arranged on the connecting plate (133).

6. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The at least one screw conveyor (113A, 113B) or two screw conveyors (113A, 113B) preferably rotated 180° relative to each other are provided with side walls (1130) in a lower section, which is preferably selected according to the height of the pile head (80) to be machined.

7. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that A center drill unit (114) is arranged on the lower side of the inner ring plate (112), the center drill unit (114) is coaxially aligned with the rotation axis (x) and protrudes beyond the center chisel (111) and the annular chisel (121) in the milling direction, and at least one radial shovel (118A, 118B) is provided on the lower side of the inner ring plate (112), the shovel (118A, 118B) is adjacent to the center drill unit (114) and is preferably radially aligned relative to the rotation axis (x).

8. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The center drill unit (114) is releasably retained in a mounting portion or drill chuck which is inserted into a receiving aperture (1129) located on the underside of the inner ring plate (112).

9. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The center chisels (111) are radially offset from each other with equal or unequal chisel spacings (ma) and define a working circle (ml) during rotation, wherein the uniform chisel spacing (ma) or different chisel spacings (ma) or radial spacings of the working circle (ml) of the center chisels (111) are preferably in the range of 20 mm-40 mm.

10. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The center chisels (111) are radially spaced apart at equal or unequal chisel distances (ma) on the working circle (ml), wherein the installation height of the center chisels (111) in the milling direction changes from one working circle (ml) to the next working circle (ml) with a height difference, and the height difference is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm and increases in the direction of the rotation axis (x).

11. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The annular chisels (121) are radially offset from each other with equal or unequal chisel spacings and define a working circle (ml) during rotation, wherein the installation height of the annular chisels (121) increases radially outward from one working circle (ml) to the next working circle (ml) in the milling direction with a height difference, and the height difference is preferably in the range of 5mm-25mm.

12. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The center drill unit (114) and the center chisel (111) and the ring chisel (121) located at different installation heights form a waveform extending concentrically with the rotation axis (x) in their joint area or with their working circle (ml), and the waveform has a maximum value in the area of ​​the rotation axis (x) in the milling direction, a minimum value in the area of ​​the center ring area (kr2), and rises again in the milling direction toward the outer edge of the outer ring plate (122).

13. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193), which extends from an inner edge (1191) closer to the rotation axis (x) to an outer edge (1192) farther away from the rotation axis (x), and the front edge (1193) is horizontally inclined at a horizontal inclination angle (a1) relative to the diameter (d112) of the inner ring plate (112), so that during the rotation of the milling head (1) along the working direction, the outer edge (1192) is in front and the inner edge (1191) follows behind.

14. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that At least one of the conveying shovels (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193), which extends from an inner edge (1191) closer to the rotation axis (x) to an outer edge (1192) farther away from the rotation axis (x), and the front edge (1193) is vertically inclined at a vertical inclination angle (a2) relative to the diameter (d112) of the inner ring plate (112), so that according to the installation height of the center chisel (111), the inner edge (1191) is preferably higher than the outer edge (1192).

15. The milling head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that At least one of the conveying shovels (119A, 119B) includes a front edge (1193), which extends from an inner edge (1191) closer to the rotation axis (x) to an outer edge (1192) farther away from the rotation axis (x), and the front edge (1193) is set back by a shovel spacing (a3) ​​along the entire length in the milling direction relative to the working circle (ml) of the center chisel (111), and the shovel spacing (a3) ​​is preferably in the range of 5mm-40mm.

16. The milling head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one conveying shovel (119A, 119B) is inclined relative to the rotation axis (x) at a vertical inclination angle (a4) of the shovel, wherein the front edge (1193) of the conveying shovel (119A, 119B) is at the front and the inclination angle (a4) of the shovel is preferably in the range of 5°-85°.

Images