An eye dilator with multiple switching functions and its usage method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of reamers, and particularly relates to a reamer with a multiple-switching function and a using method thereof, which includes a cutter wing cylinder body and a switch cylinder body connected up and down. A central tube is fixedly installed inside the cutter wing cylinder body, and a sliding sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the central tube up and down. The sliding sleeve is used to drive the outside of the cutter wing to extend and retract along the cutter wing chute; a trajectory upper sleeve and a trajectory valve sleeve are sequentially arranged up and down inside the switch cylinder body. The trajectory upper sleeve is used to drive the sliding sleeve to move up and down. A downward pressing through component is arranged inside the trajectory upper sleeve. The downward pressing through component drives the trajectory upper sleeve to move downward under the action of a sphere, and allows the sphere to pass through after moving downward; a reset component is arranged on the outer wall of the trajectory valve sleeve. The reset component is used to drive the trajectory upper sleeve to move upward and reset after the sphere passes through; a height control component is arranged at the connection of the trajectory upper sleeve and the trajectory valve sleeve. The height control component is used to control the trajectory upper sleeve to be at different heights after moving upward and resetting twice adjacent to each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hole expanders, and particularly to a hole expander with a multi - switch function and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the hydraulic hole expanders used in the market all achieve the opening and closing of the drilling hole - expanding cutter wings by means of ball dropping. When the activation ball is dropped, the ball falls into the hydraulic hole expander, drives the relevant components to move downward, the mud enters the blade pushing cavity, the internal pressure increases, and the blades are pushed open, and then the hole - expanding work is carried out; when the hole - expanding work is about to be completed, a failure ball is put in, the ball falls into the hydraulic hole expander, drives another component to move downward, closes the channel for the mud to enter the blade pushing cavity, and after there is no internal pressure in the pushing cavity, the blades are retracted into the body under the push of the return spring. This is a process of ball - dropping for opening and closing.

[0003] At present, the ball - dropping type hydraulic hole expander can only be used once. If it is to be used again, the used hydraulic hole expander needs to be lifted back to the wellhead, disassembled, and then a hole expander of the same specification is replaced, or the used hole expander is removed, then sent to a designated suitable place, disassembled, the two balls are taken out, then maintained and restored, and then sent back to the well for waiting to be used for hole - expanding again. This method has low efficiency, many intermediate turnover times, and a large amount of time, manpower and financial resources will be wasted during the process, which greatly affects the oil - production cycle of drilling.

[0004] There are two ways to open the cutter blades of the current hydraulic reamer on the market. One is the hinge-type cutter blade opening, that is, the cutter blade is divided into front and rear sections, with a rotating shaft connected in the middle. After the two ends of the cutter block are subjected to force extrusion, the rotating shaft in the middle arches up to achieve the opening of the cutter blade. The problem with this method is that the rotating shaft is outside the body and participates in part of the reaming function. When encountering a harder formation, the force is too large, or the rotating shaft is affected by tiny mud particles in the shaft, and it is very difficult for the rotating shaft to move, resulting in jamming, causing the cutter block to be unable to retract, or the cutter blade to not open to the specified size, affecting the reaming work and effect. The other method is the sliding-type cutter blade opening, that is, a protruding track similar to a guide rail is machined on the cutter blade, and a track groove corresponding to the track is machined inside the corresponding body. The cutter blade slides relative to the body to achieve the opening and closing of the cutter blade. Due to the influence of the track chute structure, there are long chute gaps at the front and rear ends of the cutter blade relative to the body. It is very easy for sediment and sand and gravel fragments to accumulate at this gap, resulting in the obstruction or misalignment of the opening or closing of the cutter blade, or even the situation where it cannot be opened, affecting the reaming quality. Reaming operation is a common engineering technology in oil and gas field exploitation drilling, and is widely used in occasions such as narrow-gap cementing and wellbore diameter reduction repair. The hydraulic reamer is the main downhole tool for reaming operations. The hydraulic reamer can be used for reaming while drilling and post-drilling reaming in reaming operations. Under normal circumstances, there is no problem with the reaming operation of the ball-type hydraulic reamer. However, for multiple reaming operation tasks, a single hydraulic reamer operation cannot be achieved. It is necessary to prepare multiple hydraulic reamers on the well, and each time a replacement is required, the used hydraulic reamer needs to be lifted out of the wellhead for replacement. If there is a drill string in the drilling tool combination that cannot pass through the sphere, it cannot be used together with the hydraulic reamer, and separate downhole work is required, resulting in low efficiency, high cost, and high risk during the drilling process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reamer with a multiple switching function and its usage method, so as to solve the problem that the current ball-type hydraulic reamer can only be used once. If it is used again, this method has low efficiency, many intermediate turnover times, and will waste a lot of time, manpower and financial resources during the process, which greatly affects the oil production cycle of drilling.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] An eye dilator with multiple switching functions, comprising a blade wing cylinder body and a switch cylinder body connected up and down. A central tube is fixedly installed inside the blade wing cylinder body. A sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the central tube and can slide up and down. On the inner wall of the blade wing cylinder body at a position corresponding to the sliding sleeve, a blade wing chute communicating with the outside of the blade wing cylinder body is obliquely upward arranged. A blade wing is slidably arranged in the blade wing chute. When the sliding sleeve moves up and down, it is respectively used to drive the outside of the blade wing to extend and retract along the blade wing chute; inside the switch cylinder body, a track upper sleeve and a track valve sleeve are sequentially arranged up and down. The track valve sleeve is fixedly installed. The track upper sleeve is used to drive the sliding sleeve to move up and down. A downward pressing through component is arranged inside the track upper sleeve. Under the action of a sphere, the downward pressing through component drives the track upper sleeve to move downward, and allows the sphere to pass after moving downward a certain distance; a reset component is arranged on the outer wall of the track valve sleeve. The reset component is used to drive the track upper sleeve to move upward and reset after the sphere passes; a height control component is arranged at the connection of the track upper sleeve and the track valve sleeve. The height control component is used to control the track upper sleeve to be at different heights after moving upward and resetting twice adjacent to each other.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the blade wing chute are arranged as a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface that are inclined upward from the inside to the outside and are parallel to each other. The upper end of the blade wing is arranged as a third inclined surface that slidably fits with the first inclined surface, and the lower end of the blade wing is arranged as a fourth inclined surface that slidably fits with the second inclined surface.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the height control component includes a single-head pin column and a one-way track groove surrounding the outer wall of the track valve sleeve. The upper groove wall of the one-way track groove is recessed upward to form a first peak region and a second peak region with different heights. A plurality of first peak regions and second peak regions are arranged in sequence along the upper groove wall of the one-way track groove. At positions corresponding to the first peak region and the second peak region on the lower groove wall of the one-way track groove, a first guiding block and a second guiding block that are triangular and have different heights are respectively protruded upward. The top of the first guiding block aligns with the left side wall of the first peak region, the top of the second guiding block aligns with the left side wall of the second peak region, the left lower end of the second peak region aligns with the right side wall of the first guiding block, and the right lower end of the second peak region aligns with the right side wall of the second guiding block. One end of the single-head pin column is connected to the inner wall of the track upper sleeve, and the other end is slidably arranged in the one-way track groove; the reset component includes a first spring. The first spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the track valve sleeve. The lower end of the first spring is fixed, and the upper end slidably fits with the lower end of the track upper sleeve; the downward pressing through component includes a double-head pin column and an annular groove. The annular groove is arranged on the inner wall of the switch cylinder body at a position close to the upper end of the track valve sleeve, and the upper groove wall of the annular groove is inclined upward from the bottom of the groove to the notch of the groove. The track upper sleeve is provided with a first pin hole penetrating inside and outside above the track valve sleeve. The double-head pin column is slidably arranged in the first pin hole, and the inner end of the double-head pin column is placed inside the track upper sleeve.

[0010] A further technical solution is that a flow dividing valve is fixedly installed between the cutter wing cylinder and the track upper sleeve. The lower end of the central tube is fixedly connected to the flow dividing valve. The upper end of the track upper sleeve is slidably arranged up and down inside the flow dividing valve. A flow through hole penetrating inside and outside is arranged in the flow dividing valve. The lower end of the sliding sleeve is connected with a pushing sleeve. The pushing sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the flow dividing valve, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the pushing sleeve and the outer wall of the flow dividing valve. When the single-head pin is placed in the second peak region, the upper end of the track upper sleeve is placed below the flow through hole. When the single-head pin is placed in the first peak region, the outer wall of the track upper sleeve closes the flow through hole.

[0011] A further technical solution is that a guide sleeve is sleeved on the lower end of the track valve sleeve. A guide hole communicating with the lower end of the switch cylinder is arranged in the guide sleeve. An inclined hole communicating with the guide hole is arranged on the inner wall of the track valve sleeve; the lower end of the first spring is in abutting connection with the upper end of the guide sleeve; a limiting ring is arranged on the inner wall at the lower end of the track valve sleeve; the single-head pin is installed on the inner wall of the track upper sleeve through the second pin hole.

[0012] A further technical solution is that a first connecting groove is recessed on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve, and a second connecting groove is recessed on the inner side of the cutter wing. A pushing block is fixedly installed in the first connecting groove, and one end of the pushing block away from the bottom of the first connecting groove is slidably arranged in the second connecting groove.

[0013] A further technical solution is that the upper end of the central tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cutter wing cylinder through an upper locking sleeve. A second spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the central tube. The upper end of the second spring is in abutting connection with the lower end of the upper locking sleeve, and the lower end of the second spring is in abutting connection with the upper end of the sliding sleeve.

[0014] A further technical solution is that the upper end of the sliding sleeve is connected with a limiting tube. There is a gap between the inner wall of the limiting tube and the central tube. The second spring is placed in the limiting tube. An adjusting ring is installed at the lower end of the upper locking sleeve, and the upper end of the second spring is in abutting connection with the adjusting ring.

[0015] A further technical solution is that a discharge hole penetrating inside and outside is arranged on the outer wall of the cutter wing cylinder at a position aligned with the lower end of the pushing sleeve. When the single-head pin is placed in the second peak region, the lower end of the pushing sleeve is placed above the discharge hole. When the single-head pin is placed in the first peak region, the outer wall of the pushing sleeve closes the discharge hole.

[0016] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0017] A method of using an eye expander with a multiple-switching function. The method of using an eye expander with a multiple-switching function as in the first technical solution specifically includes the following steps. Step S1: In the initial state, the single-headed pin is placed within the first peak region. The No. 1 sphere is dropped from the wellhead through the internal channel of the wellbore into the central tube, then passes through the inside of the diverter valve and lands inside the track sleeve. The No. 1 sphere gets stuck at the upper end position of the double-headed pin. Step S2: When the No. 1 sphere gets stuck on the double-headed pin, the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure build-up will form above the No. 1 sphere, pressing the No. 1 sphere to move downward, pushing the double-headed pin to drive the track sleeve to move downward together. The single-headed pin will then move downward along the one-way track groove of the track valve sleeve in a one-way rotational manner until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove, and the first spring will also be compressed at the same time. Step S3: When the double-headed pin moves to the annular groove, the double-headed pin will move into the annular groove, and the size of the end of the double-headed pin blocking the No. 1 sphere will decrease until the No. 1 sphere passes through the track sleeve and then falls into the inside of the track valve sleeve. Step S4: Without the No. 1 sphere blocking, the mud flows out along the diversion sleeve through the inclined hole at the lower end of the track valve sleeve, ensuring the smooth flow of the mud. Without external obstacles, the track sleeve moves upward under the thrust of the first spring. Step S5: As the track sleeve moves upward, the double-headed pin leaves the annular groove and moves inward, continuing to form a blockage inside the track sleeve. The single-headed pin moves along the one-way track groove of the track valve sleeve to the second peak region, so that the upper end of the track sleeve cannot block the flow-through hole of the diverter valve body, allowing the mud to enter the push sleeve body. After a large amount of liquid enters, pressure will be formed, thereby pushing the sleeve to drive the sliding sleeve to move upward, driving the outside of the cutter wing to slide out of the cutter wing chute. Step S6: When the eye-expanding operation is completed and the cutter wing needs to be retracted, the No. 2 sphere is put in. When the No. 2 sphere gets stuck on the double-headed pin, the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure build-up will form above the No. 2 sphere, pressing the No. 2 sphere to move downward, and the double-headed pin drives the track sleeve to move downward together. The single-headed pin will then move downward along the one-way track groove of the track valve sleeve in a one-way rotational manner until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove, and the first spring will also be compressed at the same time. Step S7: When the double-headed pin moves to the annular groove, the double-headed pin will move into the annular groove, and the size of the end of the double-headed pin blocking the No. 2 sphere will decrease until the No. 2 sphere passes through the track sleeve and then falls into the inside of the track valve sleeve. Step S8: Without the No. 2 sphere blocking, the mud flows out along the diversion sleeve through the inclined hole at the lower end of the track valve sleeve, ensuring the smooth flow of the mud. Without external obstacles, the track sleeve moves upward under the thrust of the first spring.Step S9: The upper sleeve on the track moves upward, the double-headed pin column leaves the annular groove and moves inward, continuing to form an obstruction inside the upper sleeve on the track. The single-headed pin column moves from the first peak region to the second peak region along the one-way track groove of the track valve sleeve, causing the upper end of the upper sleeve on the track to block the flow-through hole of the flow diversion valve body. Mud cannot enter the push sleeve from the flow-through hole, and the thrust disappears. The sliding sleeve moves downward driven by the second spring, and the mud in the push sleeve is discharged from the discharge hole, thereby driving the outside of the cutter blade to retract into the cutter blade chute. Step S10: When the cutter blade needs to be extended again, the No. 3 sphere can be inserted. When the cutter blade needs to be retracted again, the No. 4 sphere can be inserted.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Spheres are used to complete the deployment and closing of the cutter blades of the reamer. The cutter blades are deployed by moving upward out of the cutter blade chute. Compared with the traditional hinge and guide rail methods, the deployment is smoother and it is convenient for multiple repeated deployments and closings. The adjacent two ball insertions can be controlled by the height control component so that the upper sleeve on the track is at different heights after reset. In this way, the upper sleeve on the track can drive the sliding sleeve to be at different heights after two resets, namely high and low. The sliding sleeve drives the cutter blade to extend when it is at a high position and drives the cutter blade to retract when it is at a low position. 2. Through the cooperation of the pressing-through component, the reset component and the height control component, multiple ball insertions and multiple deployments of the cutter blades can be realized. 3. The present invention mainly solves the problems of the number of times of opening and closing of the hydraulic reamer and the opening and closing of the cutter blades. It changes from the original single opening and closing, single use to multiple opening and closings, multiple uses. The original cutter blade opening mechanism is designed to be simpler and more stable, thereby optimizing the drilling reaming work plan, improving the use efficiency and effect of the reamer, reducing the number and time of mid-course pump stops and transfers, reducing the probability of obstruction of the cutter blade opening and closing, and indirectly shortening the drilling oil production cycle, promoting the national oil drilling equipment. Therefore, the invention has great economic and social benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the whole of a reamer with a multiple-switching function according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 is Figure 1 A partially enlarged schematic view of the marked A in [the figure].

[0021] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic view of the switch cylinder of a reamer with a multiple-switching function according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the track valve sleeve of a reamer with a multiple-switching function according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5Schematic cross-sectional view of the trajectory valve sleeve, trajectory upper sleeve, first spring, and diversion sleeve of an eye expander with multiple on-off functions according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic view of the blade body of an eye expander with multiple on-off functions according to the present invention.

[0025] Icons: 1 - blade body, 2 - switch body, 3 - central tube, 4 - sliding sleeve, 5 - blade chute, 6 - blade, 7 - trajectory valve sleeve, 8 - trajectory upper sleeve, 9 - one-way trajectory groove, 10 - first peak region, 11 - second peak region, 12 - single-headed pin, 13 - first spring, 14 - first pin hole, 15 - double-headed pin, 16 - annular groove, 17 - first inclined surface, 18 - second inclined surface, 19 - third inclined surface, 20 - fourth inclined surface, 21 - first guide block, 22 - second guide block, 23 - shunt valve, 24 - shunt through hole, 25 - push sleeve, 26 - diversion sleeve, 27 - diversion hole, 28 - inclined hole, 29 - limit ring, 30 - second pin hole, 31 - first connection groove, 33 - second connection groove, 34 - push block, 35 - upper locking sleeve, 36 - second spring, 37 - limit tube, 38 - adjusting ring, 39 - discharge hole, 40 - sphere No. 1, 41 - sphere No. 2. Detailed implementation method

[0026] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] Figures 1 to 6 The following shows an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] An eye expander with multiple switching functions includes a blade wing cylinder body 1 and a switch cylinder body 2 that are connected up and down. A central tube 3 is fixedly installed inside the blade wing cylinder body 1. A sliding sleeve 4 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the central tube 3 up and down. When the sliding sleeve 4 slides up and down, it is mainly completed by the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4 slidingly fitting with the inner wall of the blade wing cylinder body 1. There is a slight gap between the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 4 and the inner wall of the central tube 3, which can prevent the sliding sleeve 4 from sliding up and down and causing wear to the central tube 3. The inner wall of the blade wing cylinder body 1 is inclined upward at a position corresponding to the sliding sleeve 4 to be provided with a blade wing chute 5 communicating with the outside of the blade wing cylinder body 1. A blade wing 6 is slidably arranged in the blade wing chute 5. When the sliding sleeve 4 moves up and down, it is respectively used to drive the outside of the blade wing 6 to extend and retract along the blade wing chute 5; A trajectory upper sleeve 8 and a trajectory valve sleeve 7 are sequentially arranged up and down inside the switch cylinder body 2. The trajectory valve sleeve 7 is fixedly installed. The trajectory upper sleeve 8 is used to drive the sliding sleeve 4 to move up and down. A downward pressing through component is arranged inside the trajectory upper sleeve 8. Under the action of the sphere, the downward pressing through component drives the trajectory upper sleeve 8 to move downward, and allows the sphere to pass through after moving downward; A reset component is arranged on the outer wall of the trajectory valve sleeve 7. The reset component is used to drive the trajectory upper sleeve 8 to move upward and reset after the sphere passes through; A height control component is arranged at the connection of the trajectory upper sleeve 8 and the trajectory valve sleeve 7. The height control component is used to control the trajectory upper sleeve 8 to be at different heights after moving upward and resetting twice adjacent to each other.

[0030] The upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the blade wing chute 5 are provided with a first inclined surface 17 and a second inclined surface 18 that are inclined upward from the inside to the outside and are parallel to each other. The upper end of the blade wing 6 is provided with a third inclined surface 19 that slidably fits with the first inclined surface 17, and the lower end of the blade wing 6 is provided with a fourth inclined surface 20 that slidably fits with the second inclined surface 18. With the cooperation of the first inclined surface 17 and the third inclined surface 19, and the cooperation of the second inclined surface 18 and the fourth inclined surface 20, the blade wing 6 can be made more smooth when expanding and retracting, and because they are all flat structures, sediment accumulation will not be caused, and the blade wing 6 can still remain smooth after repeating the expansion and retraction many times. The blade wing 6 and the blade wing chute 5 are distributed around the blade wing cylinder body 1 in three.

[0031] The height control component includes a single-headed pin 12 and a one-way track groove 9 surrounding the outer wall of the track valve sleeve 7. The upper groove wall of the one-way track groove 9 is recessed upward to form a first peak region 10 and a second peak region 11 with different heights. A plurality of first peak regions 10 and second peak regions 11 are arranged in sequence along the upper groove wall of the one-way track groove 9. The lower groove wall of the one-way track groove 9 is respectively convex upward at positions corresponding to the first peak region 10 and the second peak region 11 to form a first guiding block 21 and a second guiding block 22 that are triangular and have different heights. The top of the first guiding block 21 aligns with the left side wall of the first peak region 10, the top of the second guiding block 22 aligns with the left side wall of the second peak region 11, the lower left end of the second peak region 11 aligns with the right side wall of the first guiding block 21, and the lower right end of the second peak region 11 aligns with the right side wall of the second guiding block 22. One end of the single-headed pin 12 is connected to the inner wall of the track upper sleeve 8, and the other end is slidably disposed in the one-way track groove 9; the reset component includes a first spring 13. The first spring 13 is sleeved on the outer wall of the track valve sleeve 7. The lower end of the first spring 13 is fixed, and the upper end is slidably fitted with the lower end of the track upper sleeve 8; the downward pressing through component includes a double-headed pin 15 and an annular groove 16. The annular groove 16 is provided on the inner wall of the switch cylinder body 2 near the upper end of the track valve sleeve 7, and the upper groove wall of the annular groove 16 is inclined upward from the groove bottom to the groove opening. The track upper sleeve 8 is provided with a first pin hole 14 penetrating inside and outside above the track valve sleeve 7. The double-headed pin 15 is slidably disposed in the first pin hole 14, and the inner end of the double-headed pin 15 is placed inside the track upper sleeve 8. After the sphere enters the track upper sleeve 8, it drives the track upper sleeve 8 to move downward through the double-headed pin 15. By means of the structure of the one-way track groove 9, when the track upper sleeve 8 moves downward, the single-headed pin 12 moves in the one-way track groove 9. If the initial position of the single-headed pin 12 is at the top of the first peak region 10, when the single-headed pin 12 moves downward, it will move rightward and downward along the right side wall of the first guiding block 21, and finally move between the first guiding block 21 and the second guiding block 22. At this time, the outer end of the double-headed pin 15 enters the annular groove 16, and the inner end retracts into the first pin hole 14, and the sphere can smoothly pass through the track upper sleeve 8 and enter the track valve sleeve 7. After the sphere passes through, the first spring 13 pushes the track upper sleeve 8 to move upward, driving the single-headed pin 12 to move upward. When moving, the single-headed pin 12 will move upward and rightward along the left side wall of the second peak region 11, and finally enter the second peak region 11, so as to drive the sliding sleeve 4 to be at different heights to control the deployment and retraction of the blade 6. The first spring 13 pushes the track upper sleeve 8 to be upwardly stressed, keeping it in the first peak region 10 or the second peak region 11 and not falling.

[0032] A diverter valve 23 is fixedly installed between the cutter wing cylinder body 1, the central pipe 3 and the track upper sleeve 8. The lower end of the central pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the diverter valve 23. The upper end of the track upper sleeve 8 is slidably arranged up and down within the diverter valve 23. A through-hole 24 communicating inside and outside is arranged within the diverter valve 23. The lower end of the sliding sleeve 4 is connected with a push sleeve 25. The push sleeve 25 is sleeved on the outer wall of the diverter valve 23, and there is a gap between the inner wall of the push sleeve 25 and the outer wall of the diverter valve 23. When the single-headed pin 12 is placed in the second peak region 11, the upper end of the track upper sleeve 8 is placed below the through-hole 24. When the single-headed pin 12 is placed in the first peak region 10, the outer wall of the track upper sleeve 8 closes the through-hole 24.

[0033] A flow guide sleeve 26 is sleeved on the lower end of the track valve sleeve 7. A flow guide hole 27 communicating with the lower end of the switch cylinder body 2 is arranged within the flow guide sleeve 26. An inclined hole 28 communicating with the flow guide hole 27 is arranged on the inner wall of the track valve sleeve 7; the lower end of the first spring 13 is in abutting connection with the upper end of the flow guide sleeve 26; a limiting ring 29 is arranged on the inner wall at the lower end of the track valve sleeve 7; the single-headed pin 12 is installed on the inner wall of the track upper sleeve 8 through a second pin hole 30.

[0034] A first connection groove 31 is recessed on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 4. A second connection groove 33 is recessed on the inner side of the cutter wing 6. A push block 34 is fixedly installed within the first connection groove 31. One end of the push block 34 away from the bottom of the first connection groove 31 is slidably arranged within the second connection groove 33.

[0035] The upper end of the central pipe 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cutter wing cylinder body 1 through an upper locking sleeve 35. A second spring 36 is sleeved on the outer wall of the central pipe 3. The upper end of the second spring 36 is in abutting connection with the lower end of the upper locking sleeve 35. The lower end of the second spring 36 is in abutting connection with the upper end of the sliding sleeve 4.

[0036] The upper end of the sliding sleeve 4 is connected with a limit tube 37. There is a gap between the inner wall of the limit tube 37 and the central tube 3. The second spring 36 is placed inside the limit tube 37. An adjusting ring 38 is installed at the lower end of the upper locking sleeve 35. The upper end of the second spring 36 is in contact with the adjusting ring 38 by abutting. First, install the diversion sleeve 26 on the trajectory valve sleeve 7, then install the first spring 13, then install the single-headed pin 12 in the one-way trajectory groove 9 of the trajectory valve sleeve 7, then install the upper trajectory sleeve 8 with a double-headed pin 15 at the upper end of the trajectory valve sleeve 7, and finally install this assembled mechanism inside the switch cylinder 2. The trajectory valve sleeve 7 is connected to the switch cylinder 2 by threads. The double-headed pin 15, the single-headed pin 12 and the upper trajectory sleeve 8 are installed together. The upper end of the single-headed pin 12 cooperates with the upper trajectory sleeve 8, and the lower end is installed in the one-way trajectory groove 9 in the trajectory valve sleeve 7. The single-headed pin 12 can only move in the one-way trajectory groove 9 inside the trajectory valve sleeve 7, and the path inside the trajectory valve sleeve 7 is a one-way path, that is, it can only move in one direction. The trajectory valve sleeve 7 is connected to the switch cylinder 2 by the threads at the lower end and is inside the switch cylinder 2. The upper locking sleeve 35 is connected to the blade cylinder 1 by threads, and the adjusting ring 38 is installed below it. The second spring 36 is normally in a compressed state, and its tension presses the adjusting ring 38 and the sliding sleeve 4 tightly. The three blades 6 slide into the main body through the corresponding chutes of the main body respectively. Sealing rings are installed at some positions inside according to needs. The blades 6 are recessed inside the blade cylinder 1, and the blades 6 can only extend out by oblique sliding. When the blades 6 are opened to the maximum position, the limit tube 37 will contact and limit the adjusting ring 38. The push block 34 is limited by the resistance of the limit tube 37, and the blades 6 are limited by the blocking of the push block 34, so as to ensure that the blades 6 will not slide out and ensure the reaming quality. And the second spring 36 and the push sleeve 25 automatically balance the position of the blades 6 according to the thrust magnitude of their positions, providing power for the opening and closing of the blades 6. The blades 6 are mostly recessed inside the main body all the time. When receiving the formation reaction force, most of the force will be returned to the main body, thus ensuring the rigidity of the overall mechanism.

[0037] A through hole 39 penetrating the inside and outside is provided at the position of the outer wall of the blade cylinder 1 opposite to the lower end of the push sleeve 25. When the single-headed pin 12 is placed in the second peak region 11, the lower end of the push sleeve 25 is above the through hole 39. When the single-headed pin 12 is placed in the first peak region 10, the outer wall of the push sleeve 25 closes the through hole 39.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] A method for using an eye expander with multiple switching functions, which uses a method for an eye expander with multiple switching functions as in Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps. Step S1: In the initial state, the single-headed pin 12 is placed within the first peak region 10. The No. 1 sphere 40 is dropped from the wellhead through the channel inside the wellbore into the central tube 3, then passes through the inside of the diverter valve 23 and lands inside the track sleeve 8. The No. 1 sphere 40 gets stuck at the upper end of the double-headed pin 15. Step S2: When the No. 1 sphere 40 gets stuck on the double-headed pin 15, the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure buildup will form above the No. 1 sphere 40, pressing the No. 1 sphere 40 to move downward, pushing the double-headed pin 15 to drive the track sleeve 8 to move downward together. The single-headed pin 12 will then move downward along the one-way track groove 9 of the track valve sleeve 7 in a one-way rotational manner until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove 9, and the first spring 13 will also be compressed at the same time. Step S3: When the double-headed pin 15 moves to the annular groove 16, the double-headed pin 15 will move into the annular groove 16, and the size of the end of the double-headed pin 15 blocking the No. 1 sphere 40 will decrease until the No. 1 sphere 40 passes through the track sleeve 8 and then falls into the track valve sleeve 7. Step S4: Without the No. 1 sphere 40 blocking, the mud flows out along the diverter sleeve 26 from the inclined hole 28 at the lower end of the track valve sleeve 7 to ensure the smooth flow of the mud. Without external resistance, the track sleeve 8 moves upward under the thrust of the first spring 13. Step S5: As the track sleeve 8 moves upward, the double-headed pin 15 leaves the annular groove 16 and moves inward, continuing to form a blockage inside the track sleeve 8. The single-headed pin 12 moves along the one-way track groove 9 of the track valve sleeve 7 to the second peak region 11, so that the upper end of the track sleeve 8 cannot block the flow-through hole 24 of the diverter valve 23 body, allowing the mud to enter the push sleeve 25 body. After a large amount of liquid enters, pressure will be formed, thereby driving the push sleeve 25 to drive the sliding sleeve 4 to move upward, driving the outside of the cutter blade 6 to slide out of the cutter blade chute 5. Step S6: When the eye expansion work is completed and the cutter blade 6 needs to be retracted, the No. 2 sphere 41 is put in. When the No. 2 sphere 41 gets stuck on the double-headed pin 15, the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure buildup will form above the No. 2 sphere 41, pressing the No. 2 sphere 41 to move downward. The double-headed pin 15 drives the track sleeve 8 to move downward together. The single-headed pin 12 will then move downward along the one-way track groove 9 of the track valve sleeve 7 in a one-way rotational manner until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove 9, and the first spring 13 will also be compressed at the same time. Step S7: When the double-headed pin 15 moves to the annular groove 16, the double-headed pin 15 will move into the annular groove 16, and the size of the end of the double-headed pin 15 blocking the No. 2 sphere 41 will decrease until the No. 2 sphere 41 passes through the track sleeve 8 and then falls into the track valve sleeve 7.Step S8: Without the obstruction of the No. 2 sphere 41, the mud flows out along the diversion sleeve 26 from the inclined hole 28 at the lower end of the trajectory valve sleeve 7, ensuring the smooth outflow of the mud. Without external force obstruction, the upper trajectory sleeve 8 moves upward under the thrust of the first spring 13. Step S9: As the upper trajectory sleeve 8 moves upward, the double-headed pin 15 leaves the annular groove 16 and moves inward, continuing to form an obstruction inside the upper trajectory sleeve 8. The single-headed pin 12 moves from the first peak region 10 to the second peak region 11 along the one-way trajectory groove 9 of the trajectory valve sleeve 7, causing the upper end of the upper trajectory sleeve 8 to block the flow-through hole 24 of the flow diversion valve 23 body. The mud cannot enter the push sleeve 25 from the flow-through hole 24, and the thrust disappears. The sliding sleeve 4 moves downward under the drive of the second spring 36, and the mud in the push sleeve 25 is discharged from the discharge hole 39, thereby driving the outside of the cutter blade 6 to retract into the cutter blade chute 5. Step S10: When the cutter blade 6 needs to be extended again, the No. 3 sphere can be inserted. When the cutter blade 6 needs to be retracted again, the No. 4 sphere can be inserted.;

[0040] Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to various illustrative embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can devise many other modifications and embodiments that will fall within the scope of the principles of this application disclosure and spirit. More specifically, within the scope of this application disclosure, the drawings, and the claims, various variations and improvements can be made to the components and / or layout of the subject combination layout. In addition to the variations and improvements made to the components and / or layout, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An eye dilator with multiple switching functions, comprising a cutter blade cylinder body (1) and a switch cylinder body (2) connected up and down, characterized in that, A central pipe (3) is fixedly installed inside the blade cylinder body (1). A sliding sleeve (4) is sleeved on the outer wall of the central pipe (3) in a vertically sliding manner. At a position corresponding to the sliding sleeve (4) on the inner wall of the blade cylinder body (1), a blade chute (5) communicating with the outside of the blade cylinder body (1) is arranged obliquely upward. A blade (6) is slidably arranged in the blade chute (5). When the sliding sleeve (4) moves upward and downward, it is respectively used to drive the outside of the blade (6) to extend out and retract along the blade chute (5); A trajectory upper sleeve (8) and a trajectory valve sleeve (7) are sequentially arranged up and down inside the switch cylinder body (2). The trajectory valve sleeve (7) is fixedly installed. The trajectory upper sleeve (8) is used to drive the sliding sleeve (4) to move up and down. A downward pressure passing component is arranged inside the trajectory upper sleeve (8). The downward pressure passing component drives the trajectory upper sleeve (8) to move downward under the action of a sphere and allows the sphere to pass through after moving downward; A reset component is arranged on the outer wall of the trajectory valve sleeve (7). The reset component is used to drive the trajectory upper sleeve (8) to move upward and reset after the sphere passes through; A height control component is arranged at the connection between the trajectory upper sleeve (8) and the trajectory valve sleeve (7). The height control component is used to control the trajectory upper sleeve (8) to be at different heights after moving upward and resetting twice adjacent to each other; The height control component includes a single-headed pin column (12) and a one-way track groove (9) surrounding the outer wall of the track valve sleeve (7). The upper groove wall of the one-way track groove (9) is recessed upward to form a first peak region (10) and a second peak region (11) with different heights. A plurality of the first peak regions (10) and the second peak regions (11) are arranged in sequence along the upper groove wall of the one-way track groove (9). At positions corresponding to the first peak region (10) and the second peak region (11), the lower groove wall of the one-way track groove (9) protrudes upward to form a first guide block (21) and a second guide block (22) that are triangular and have different heights. The top of the first guide block (21) aligns with the left side wall of the first peak region (10), and the top of the second guide block (22) aligns with the left side wall of the second peak region (11). The lower left end of the second peak region (11) aligns with the right side wall of the first guide block (21), and the lower right end of the second peak region (11) aligns with the right side wall of the second guide block (22). One end of the single-headed pin column (12) is connected to the inner wall of the track upper sleeve (8), and the other end is slidably disposed in the one-way track groove (9). The reset component includes a first spring (13). The first spring (13) is sleeved on the outer wall of the track valve sleeve (7). The lower end of the first spring (13) is fixed, and the upper end slidably fits with the lower end of the track upper sleeve (8). The downward pressing through component includes a double-headed pin column (15) and an annular groove (16). The annular groove (16) is provided on the inner wall of the switch cylinder body (2) near the upper end of the track valve sleeve (7), and the upper groove wall of the annular groove (16) slopes upward from the groove bottom to the groove opening. The track upper sleeve (8) is provided with a first pin hole (14) that penetrates inside and outside above the track valve sleeve (7). The double-headed pin column (15) is slidably disposed in the first pin hole (14), and the inner end of the double-headed pin column (15) is placed inside the track upper sleeve (8).

2. The multiple-switch function eye dilator according to claim 1, wherein: The upper groove wall and the lower groove wall of the blade wing chute (5) are provided with a first inclined surface (17) and a second inclined surface (18) that are inclined upward from the inside to the outside and are parallel to each other. The upper end of the blade wing (6) is provided with a third inclined surface (19) that slidably fits with the first inclined surface (17), and the lower end of the blade wing (6) is provided with a fourth inclined surface (20) that slidably fits with the second inclined surface (18).

3. The eye dilator with multiple switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A diverter valve (23) is fixedly installed between the cutter blade cylinder body (1) and the trajectory upper sleeve (8). The lower end of the central pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the diverter valve (23). The upper end of the trajectory upper sleeve (8) is slidably arranged up and down within the diverter valve (23). A through-flow hole (24) penetrating inside and outside is arranged within the diverter valve (23). The lower end of the sliding sleeve (4) is connected to a push sleeve (25). The push sleeve (25) is sleeved on the outer wall of the diverter valve (23), and a gap is left between the inner wall of the push sleeve (25) and the outer wall of the diverter valve (23). When the single-headed pin (12) is placed in the second peak region (11), the upper end of the trajectory upper sleeve (8) is placed below the through-flow hole (24). When the single-headed pin (12) is placed in the first peak region (10), the outer wall of the trajectory upper sleeve (8) closes the through-flow hole (24).

4. The eye dilator with multiple switching functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: A flow guide sleeve (26) is sleeved on the lower end of the trajectory valve sleeve (7). A flow guide hole (27) communicating with the lower end of the switch cylinder body (2) is arranged within the flow guide sleeve (26). An inclined hole (28) communicating with the flow guide hole (27) is arranged on the inner wall of the trajectory valve sleeve (7); The lower end of the first spring (13) is in top contact connection with the upper end of the flow guide sleeve (26); A limiting ring (29) is arranged on the inner wall at the lower end of the trajectory valve sleeve (7); The single-headed pin (12) is installed on the inner wall of the trajectory upper sleeve (8) through a second pin hole (30).

5. The eye dilator with multiple switching functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first connection groove (31) is recessed on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (4). A second connection groove (33) is recessed on the inner side of the cutter blade (6). A push block (34) is fixedly installed within the first connection groove (31). One end of the push block (34) away from the bottom of the first connection groove (31) is slidably arranged within the second connection groove (33).

6. The multi-switch function eye dilator according to claim 3, wherein: The upper end of the central pipe (3) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cutter blade cylinder body (1) through an upper locking sleeve (35). A second spring (36) is sleeved on the outer wall of the central pipe (3). The upper end of the second spring (36) is in top contact connection with the lower end of the upper locking sleeve (35). The lower end of the second spring (36) is in top contact connection with the upper end of the sliding sleeve (4).

7. The eye dilator with multiple switching functions according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper end of the sliding sleeve (4) is connected to a limiting pipe (37). A gap is left between the inner wall of the limiting pipe (37) and the central pipe (3). The second spring (36) is placed within the limiting pipe (37). An adjusting ring (38) is installed at the lower end of the upper locking sleeve (35). The upper end of the second spring (36) is in top contact connection with the adjusting ring (38).

8. The multiple-switching function eye dilator according to claim 6, characterized in that: A discharge hole (39) penetrating inside and outside is provided at a position on the outer wall of the cutter blade cylinder body (1) that aligns with the lower end of the push sleeve (25). When the single-headed pin (12) is placed in the second peak region (11), the lower end of the push sleeve (25) is placed above the discharge hole (39). When the single-headed pin (12) is placed in the first peak region (10), the outer wall of the push sleeve (25) closes the discharge hole (39).

9. A method for using an eye dilator with a multiple-switching function, characterized in that, Use an eye expander with a multiple-switching function as described in any one of claims 6-8, specifically including the following steps. Step S1, in the initial state, the single-headed pin (12) is placed within the first peak region (10). The No. 1 sphere (40) is dropped from the wellhead through the channel inside the wellbore into the central pipe (3), then passes through the inside of the flow-dividing valve (23) and lands inside the track sleeve (8). The No. 1 sphere (40) gets stuck at the upper end of the double-headed pin (15). Step S2, when the No. 1 sphere (40) gets stuck on the double-headed pin (15), the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure buildup will form above the No. 1 sphere (40), pressing the No. 1 sphere (40) to move downward, pushing the double-headed pin (15) to drive the track sleeve (8) to move downward together. The single-headed pin (12) will rotate downward along the one-way track groove (9) of the track valve sleeve (7) until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove (9), and the first spring (13) will also be compressed at the same time. Step S3, when the double-headed pin (15) moves to the annular groove (16), the double-headed pin (15) will move into the annular groove (16). The size of the end of the double-headed pin (15) blocking the No. 1 sphere (40) decreases until the No. 1 sphere (40) passes through the track sleeve (8) and then falls into the inside of the track valve sleeve (7). Step S4, without the No. 1 sphere (40) blocking, the mud flows out along the deflector sleeve (26) from the inclined hole (28) at the lower end of the track valve sleeve (7) to ensure the smooth outflow of the mud. Without external obstruction, the track sleeve (8) moves upward under the thrust of the first spring (13). Step S5, as the track sleeve (8) moves upward, the double-headed pin (15) leaves the annular groove (16) and moves inward, continuing to form a blockage inside the track sleeve (8). The single-headed pin (12) moves along the one-way track groove (9) of the track valve sleeve (7) to the second peak region (11), so that the upper end of the track sleeve (8) cannot block the flow-through hole (24) of the flow-dividing valve (23) body, allowing the mud to enter the push sleeve (25) body. After a large amount of liquid enters, pressure will be formed, thus pushing the push sleeve (25) to drive the sliding sleeve (4) to move upward, driving the outside of the cutter wing (6) to slide out of the cutter wing chute (5). Step S6, when the eye-expanding operation is completed and the cutter wing (6) needs to be retracted, the No. 2 sphere (41) is put in. When the No. 2 sphere (41) gets stuck on the double-headed pin (15), the internal mud cannot flow normally from the upper end to the lower end, so congestion and pressure buildup will form above the No. 2 sphere (41), pressing the No. 2 sphere (41) to move downward. The double-headed pin (15) drives the track sleeve (8) to move downward together. The single-headed pin (12) will rotate downward along the one-way track groove (9) of the track valve sleeve (7) until it reaches the lowest end of the one-way track groove (9), and the first spring (13) will also be compressed at the same time.Step S7: The double-headed pin (15) moves to the annular groove (16), and the double-headed pin (15) moves into the annular groove (16). The dimension of one end of the double-headed pin (15) blocking the No. 2 sphere (41) decreases until the No. 2 sphere (41) passes through the upper sleeve of the trajectory (8) and then falls into the interior of the trajectory valve sleeve (7). Step S8: Without the No. 2 sphere (41) blocking, the mud flows out along the diversion sleeve (26) from the inclined hole (28) at the lower end of the trajectory valve sleeve (7), ensuring the smooth outflow of the mud. Without external obstruction, the upper sleeve of the trajectory (8) moves upward under the thrust of the first spring (13). Step S9: When the upper sleeve of the trajectory (8) moves upward, the double-headed pin (15) leaves the annular groove (16) and moves inward, continuing to form a block inside the upper sleeve of the trajectory (8). The single-headed pin (12) moves from the first peak region (10) to the second peak region (11) along the one-way trajectory groove (9) of the trajectory valve sleeve (7), so that the upper end of the upper sleeve of the trajectory (8) blocks the flow-through hole (24) of the diverter valve (23) body, and the mud cannot enter the push sleeve (25) from the flow-through hole (24). The thrust disappears, and the sliding sleeve (4) moves downward under the drive of the second spring (36), and the mud in the push sleeve (25) is discharged from the discharge hole (39), thereby driving the outside of the cutter wing (6) to retract into the cutter wing chute (5). Step S10: When the cutter wing (6) needs to be extended again, just insert the No. 3 sphere. When the cutter wing (6) needs to be retracted again, just insert the No. 4 sphere.

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