A shield misdirected large-part starting construction method of "one well three machines"

Abstract

The application discloses a "one-well three-machine" shield misorientation large split launching construction method, first, a 1# shield machine is hoisted into a well by a crawler crane, and after assembly and debugging, the 1# shield machine is launched; subsequently, the crawler crane is transferred to hoist a 2# shield machine into the well, and after assembly and debugging, the 2# shield machine is launched; and after the 1# shield machine or the 2# shield machine excavates 100 rings, a 3# shield machine is launched. The "one-well three-machine" shield misorientation large split launching construction method adopts the mode of stacking of the underground trolley to meet the requirements of launching of multiple shield machines in the super-deep circular small vertical well, and avoids problems such as uneconomical extension of the pipeline from the ground, difficulty in installation and fixation of the pipeline in high-altitude operation, instability of the pressure of the pressure pipeline and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shield tunneling split launching, and in particular to a method for launching a large split shield tunneling machine with a "one shaft, three machines" configuration in a staggered direction. Background Technology

[0002] After nearly 200 years of development, tunnel boring machine (TBM) technology has seen its working shafts become deeper and larger. Circular shaft support structures can transform the horizontal earth pressure outside the pit into radial pressure acting on the circular horizontal support, leveraging the arch effect and making full use of the compressive strength of concrete. This effectively reduces the deformation of the surrounding soil during pit excavation and has been widely used both domestically and internationally.

[0003] There are two main launch methods: one is integral launch, which involves setting up front and rear pilot tunnels at the bottom of the shaft. Once the pilot tunnels reach a certain length, the main body of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and other supporting equipment are hoisted into the launch shaft, assembled, and tested before commencing excavation. The other is split launch, which involves hoisting the main body of the TBM or part of the trolley into the launch shaft first when the TBM launch shaft is small, while the other part of the trolley is placed on the ground. Excavation begins by extending pipelines, and when the TBM has reached the length to accommodate the trolley and its supporting equipment, the supporting trolleys are hoisted into the shaft for a second launch, following the integral launch method.

[0004] Ultra-deep circular shafts (e.g., the No. 1 working shaft in this project has an inner diameter of 33m, an outer diameter of 36m, and a depth of approximately 63m, composed of 24 zigzag underground continuous walls with a wall thickness of 800mm, and equipped with 10 inner ring beams and 1 ring plate brace. The net width of the tunnel axis below the working shaft is 17.78m, and the maximum lateral width is 31m.) have always been a challenge in the industry for shield tunneling to start in sections. The "one shaft, three machines" staggered large-section starting method is even more rare both domestically and internationally. "One shaft, three machines" means starting three shield tunneling machines from the same working shaft. "Staggered" means starting the left line towards the greater mileage and the right line towards the lesser mileage. Large-section starting refers to hoisting the shield tunneling machine's supporting trolley into the shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method for the staggered large-scale split-type starting construction of shield tunneling machines with "one shaft and three machines". In urban subway, water conservancy tunnel, integrated pipe gallery and other projects, where the space is too small to meet the conventional split-type starting of the trolley placed on the ground and the working shaft is also used as a bidirectional starting working shaft, this method can effectively solve the technical problems such as the narrow space cannot meet the arrangement of the supporting trolley, avoid the uneconomical extension of pipeline from the ground, the difficulty of installing and fixing pipelines at high altitudes, the unstable pressure of pressurized pipelines, and the split-type starting of multiple shield tunneling machines in one shaft.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for launching a large-scale, staggered shield tunneling system with three tunnel boring machines per shaft includes:

[0008] 1) Construction sequence: Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) #1 and #2 will be launched separately and in a staggered manner. TBM #1 will be hoisted into the shaft first, assembled and debugged, and then launched separately. Subsequently, a crawler crane will be used to hoist TBM #2 into the shaft, assembled and debugged, and then launched separately. After TBM #1 or #2 has excavated 100 rings, TBM #3 will be launched separately. The advantage of this construction method is that the assembly and debugging of TBM #3 will not affect the tunneling construction of TBMs #1 or #2.

[0009] 2) Reinforcement of the starting end: In order to ensure the safety of the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 shield machines entering the tunnel, the normal tunneling direction, and the water-stopping effect at the tunnel entrance, according to the design requirements, the strata within a certain range should be reinforced and water-stopped before the three shield machines enter the tunnel to ensure the safe entry of the shield machines.

[0010] 3) Layout of ground monitoring points in the starting section: Starting from the starting end, each section is marked as a cross section at certain intervals. Multiple monitoring points are arranged in each cross section. Adjacent monitoring points in the same cross section are kept at a certain distance. This allows for more comprehensive acquisition of data such as deformation and displacement of the ground in the starting section, ensuring construction safety and project quality.

[0011] 4) Launching frame placement and positioning: The launching frame adopts a steel structure to bear the weight of the tunnel boring machine and the friction force during propulsion;

[0012] 5) Shield assembly and commissioning: Once the corresponding shield machine is assembled, it can be tested under no-load conditions; after the no-load test is successful, load test will be conducted.

[0013] 6) Rear trolley hoisting and pipeline connection: The rear trolleys are placed on the trolley brackets respectively.

[0014] 1) After the No. 1 shield machine is hoisted, the crawler crane will be transferred to the site to hoist the No. 2 shield machine into the well. After the No. 1 shield machine has completed the excavation of +100 rings, the No. 6 and No. 7 trolleys will be shut down for reorganization, the muck outlet will be modified, the water pipes and high-voltage cables will be modified, and the excavation will be resumed. At the same time, the No. 3 shield machine will be assembled and debugged to ensure that the construction of the three shield machines does not affect each other.

[0015] 2) In the initial stage, the WSS retreat grouting reinforcement is adopted, with a reinforcement range of 7m-9m. The vertical reinforcement range is based on the condition of the rock surface line of the boundary section. Only the fully weathered surrounding rock is reinforced, and the medium and slightly weathered rock surfaces are not reinforced. Before the start, water exploration work is carried out at the tunnel entrance to check the reinforcement effect of the initial stage. If the water exploration effect is not good, horizontal grouting or ground jet grouting and re-jetting reinforcement is adopted.

[0016] 3) In the initial section, ground monitoring points are arranged close to the starting end, with one section every 30m. Nine monitoring points are arranged in each section, with a hole diameter of 150mm for each monitoring point. The distance between monitoring points in the same section is 5m. The monitoring points are covered with protective covers, with a hole diameter of not less than 150mm and a hole depth of 1000mm. The marker points are made of φ18 threaded steel bars with a length greater than 80cm. After the steel bars are placed in the monitoring point holes, concrete is poured at the bottom and coarse sand is filled in the middle to ensure the stability of the monitoring points.

[0017] 4) Before installing the launching frame, the surveying team first fixes two horizontal control points on the bottom plate of the launching shaft and accurately positions the left and right positions of the launching frame according to the surveying and layout. Then, the distance between the trolley bracket and the steel ring of the steel tunnel door is determined. Subsequently, the launching frame is installed in the predetermined position as required and verified by the surveying team. After the positioning is completed, the launching frame is fixed.

[0018] 6) The subsequent installation of the supporting trolley and connection of pipelines specifically includes:

[0019] 6.1) The temporary bridge of the No. 1 shield tunneling machine is connected to the first shield body of the No. 1 shield tunneling machine, and the No. 1¹ trolley, No. 2¹ trolley, No. 3¹ trolley and No. 4¹ trolley of the No. 1 shield tunneling machine are placed underground;

[0020] 6.2) Remove the foam and grease system from the original cable tray and assemble it on the temporary cable tray;

[0021] 6.3) The frame and connecting bridge frame of trolley No. 4¹ are placed on the ground. Trolley No. 6¹ and trolley No. 7¹ will not be brought to the site for the time being, but will be brought to the site when the train is assembled.

[0022] 6.4) The extended pipeline is stored on the platform at the bottom of the No. 2¹ trolley underground. Vertical transportation uses a gantry crane for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation uses a winch + flatbed + small bucket.

[0023] 6.5), First-stage extension pipeline for tunnel boring machine #1;

[0024] 6.6) After the No. 1 tunnel boring machine was hoisted, the crawler crane was moved to another site to hoist the No. 2 tunnel boring machine into the shaft;

[0025] 6.7) The shield body of the No. 2 tunnel boring machine is lowered into the shaft for assembly, and a temporary bridge is connected to the second shield body of the No. 2 tunnel boring machine;

[0026] 6.8) After the No. 1¹ trolley of the No. 1 shield machine enters the tunnel, the No. 2², 3², 4² and 1² trolleys of the No. 2 shield machine are lowered into the shaft in sequence and stacked on the No. 2 shield machine trolley bracket. The pipelines are connected, and the No. 5² trolley, No. 6² trolley and connecting bridge are placed on the ground.

[0027] 6.9) The extended pipeline is stored on the bottom platform of the No. 2² trolley underground. Vertical transportation uses a gantry crane for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation uses a winch + flatbed + small bucket.

[0028] 6.10), Phase 1 extension pipeline for Tunnel Boring Machine #2;

[0029] 6.11) The No. 3 shield tunneling machine connecting bridge, No. 1³ trolley, and No. 2³ trolley are stored in the tunnel;

[0030] 6.12) Store trolleys No. 3 and No. 4 in the well; when the No. 3 shield machine is being assembled and debugged, the shield body and trolleys of the No. 1 shield machine have all entered the tunnel. At this time, some of the trolleys of the No. 3 shield machine are stacked on the trolley bracket of the No. 1 shield machine, and trolleys No. 5 and No. 6 are placed on the ground.

[0031] 6.13) Remove the wellhead supports and tracks, and lower and reinforce the launching bracket;

[0032] 6.14) Assemble the lower shield body; the tail section needs to be lowered into the well and welded.

[0033] 6.14) Connect the extension pipeline and begin commissioning;

[0034] 6.15) Electric car train assembly and turnout laying.

[0035] The trolley bracket includes at least one bracket unit, and the bracket unit includes two rows of vertical columns on the left and right. The two rows of vertical columns are connected into a whole by a first longitudinal support and a second longitudinal support. The top of the two rows of vertical columns are connected by multiple sets of transverse supports and longitudinal supports to form a support platform. The support platform includes a second transverse support. The second transverse support and the second longitudinal support are connected to form a frame. The frame is reinforced by a first transverse support and a third transverse support arranged laterally and a third longitudinal support arranged vertically. A support plate is fixed to the upper surface of the frame.

[0036] The support platform has fixed channels on both the left and right sides, and protective railings are fixed on both the upper ends of the support platform and the channels.

[0037] The vertical columns of each bracket unit are fixed to the first longitudinal support, the second longitudinal support, the vertical columns to the channel, the channel to the support platform, and adjacent upper and lower bracket units by bolt assemblies equipped with springs, flat plates, and nuts. The number of bracket units is 1-5 layers, and each bracket unit has mounting holes at the bottom of the vertical columns and on the second longitudinal support. The bottom bracket unit is reinforced by pre-embedded anchor bolts.

[0038] This invention provides a method for the staggered, large-segment launch construction of a "one-well, three-machine" shield tunneling machine, which has the following technical advantages:

[0039] 1) By adopting a trolley bracket, the existing circular working shaft construction site's narrow ground conditions, which cannot meet the requirements for trolley arrangement, can be effectively solved. This avoids the uneconomical extension of pipelines from the ground, difficulties in installing and fixing pipelines at heights, and unstable pressure in pressurized pipelines. It also solves the problem of needing to launch N (1≤N≤4) shield tunneling machines separately in the same working shaft due to a tight schedule. In this project, the main supporting trolleys of the shield tunneling machines are stacked on the launching trolley bracket at the bottom of the shaft, improving the utilization rate of the limited space inside the shaft, reducing labor intensity, and decreasing costs.

[0040] 2) Simultaneously arranging three tunnel boring machines (TBMs) to launch in staggered directions within a single working shaft significantly shortened the overall project duration and accelerated project progress. Effectively utilizing the limited space of the working shaft enabled the coordinated operation of multiple TBMs, improving the utilization rate of underground space.

[0041] 3) By adopting reinforcement at the starting end, the safety of the tunnel boring machine entering the tunnel, the normal tunneling direction, and the water-stopping effect at the tunnel entrance are ensured.

[0042] 4) By monitoring ground deformation and settlement in real time, potential safety hazards such as ground collapse and building tilt can be detected in a timely manner, so that corresponding prevention and remedial measures can be taken to ensure the safety of construction workers, surrounding buildings and the public. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the trolley bracket in this invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a left view of the trolley bracket in the present invention (①, ②, ③, and ④ in the figure represent four bracket units from bottom to top).

[0046] Figure 3 This is a front view of the trolley bracket in this invention.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram (middle layer) of the single-layer trolley bracket in this invention.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram (bottom layer) of the single-layer trolley bracket in this invention.

[0049] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state of step 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the state of step 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state in step 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the state of step 2 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state in step 3 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state in step 4 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state in step 5 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state of step 6 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the state of step 6 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the state of step 7 of the present invention.

[0060] In the diagram: 1. Connecting bolt; 2. Vertical column; 3. Diagonal brace; 4. Ladder; 5. First longitudinal support; 6. Second longitudinal support; 7. Third longitudinal support; 8. First transverse support; 9. Second transverse support; 10. Third transverse support; 11. Passageway; 12. Guardrail; 13. Stool platform; 14. Extension pipeline storage area; 15. Temporary bridge; 16. Tunnel boring machine (TBM); 27. TBM; 18. Connecting bridge; 19. Gantry crane; 20. TBM head; 21. Slag dump truck; 22. Gantry crane muck removal channel; 3. TBM. Detailed Implementation

[0061] like Figure 1-6 As shown, the trolley bracket includes at least one layer of bracket units. The number of bracket units can be set from 1 to 5 layers, as long as the requirements for shield tunneling launch are met. Adjacent bracket units are connected by bolts and stacked from bottom to top. The height of each layer is different, from bottom to top: 3.45, 5.1, 5.5, and 5.2 meters.

[0062] like Figure 4-5 As shown, each bracket unit includes multiple sets of vertical columns 2, which are arranged side by side with intervals on the left and right. Figure 4Each side has three vertical columns 2, with reserved storage space. Adjacent vertical columns 2 on the left are connected in the middle by a first longitudinal support 5 and at the top by a second longitudinal support 6. Adjacent vertical columns 2 on the right are connected in the middle by a first longitudinal support 5 and at the top by a second longitudinal support 6. The two rows of second longitudinal supports 6 on the left and right sides are connected in the middle by a first transverse support 8 and at both ends by second transverse supports 9. To further improve strength, the first transverse support 8 and the second transverse supports 9 on both sides are connected by a third longitudinal support 7 and multiple third transverse supports 10.

[0063] The second longitudinal support 6, the third longitudinal support 7, the first transverse support 8, the second transverse support 9, and the third transverse support 10 at the top constitute a support platform. A slab is laid on top of the support platform, and a trolley is then placed on the support platform. The trolley weighs more than 50 tons, and due to its heavy weight, it does not require fixing and can be placed stably on the support platform.

[0064] A protective railing 12 is fixed to the outside of the support platform to ensure safety.

[0065] In addition, passageways 11 are fixed to the outer sides of the two rows of second longitudinal supports 6 on the left and right sides. The lower edge of the outer edge of the passageway 11 is fixed to the vertical column 2 by the diagonal brace 3. The passageway 11 is set up to facilitate horizontal passage for construction workers.

[0066] In addition, ladders 4 are vertically fixed to the outside of the first longitudinal support 5 and the second longitudinal support 6, and the ladders 4 between adjacent bracket units are staggered. The ladders 4 facilitate the movement of workers up and down.

[0067] In addition, spring washers, flat washers, and nuts are provided for detachable connections between components of each bracket unit and between adjacent bracket units using bolt assemblies. The advantages of spring washers and flat washers are: the elasticity of the spring washers prevents loosening. After tightening, the elasticity of the spring washers effectively prevents the screws from loosening, thus ensuring a secure connection. Flat washers protect the surfaces of the connected components from damage.

[0068] In addition, after the bottom bracket unit is in place, it is reinforced with pre-embedded ground anchors. This prevents the bracket from loosening.

[0069] In addition, the vertical column 2, diagonal brace 3, ladder 4, first longitudinal support 5, second longitudinal support 6, third longitudinal support 7, first transverse support 8, second transverse support 9, third transverse support 10, and channel 11 in this device are all made of Q345B steel, and the overall weight is about 60t.

[0070] The No. 1 working shaft of this project has an inner diameter of 33m, an outer diameter of 36m, and a depth of approximately 63m. It consists of 24 zigzag diaphragm walls with a thickness of 800mm, and is equipped with 10 inner ring beams and 1 ring plate bracing. The net width of the tunnel axis in the working shaft is 17.78m, and the maximum lateral width is 31m.

[0071] The narrow site of the central circular shaft could not meet the requirement of launching the tunnel boring machine separately on the ground. Due to the limitations of the construction site, the complexity of the working conditions, and the unpredictability of the geology, the construction organization design was difficult, the cross-construction was challenging, and the safety risks in the initial stage were high. In addition, all three tunnel boring machines had to be launched within 70 days, which put great pressure on the construction schedule.

[0072] In response to the above situation, the method described in this invention enables the three tunnel boring machines to be launched separately within the specified time frame, ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

[0073] A method for launching a large-scale, staggered shield tunneling system with three tunnel boring machines per shaft includes:

[0074] 1) Construction sequence: Tunnel boring machine No. 1 and tunnel boring machine No. 2 were launched separately in opposite directions.

[0075] First, the No. 1 tunnel boring machine (TBM) will be hoisted into the shaft, assembled, and tested before its launch. Then, a crawler crane will be moved to the site to hoist the No. 2 TBM into the shaft, assemble, test, and launch it separately. After either the No. 1 or No. 2 TBM has excavated 100 rings, the No. 3 TBM will be launched separately.

[0076] 2) Reinforcement of the starting end: In order to ensure the safety of the three sets of tunnel boring machines entering the tunnel, the normal tunneling direction, and the water-stopping effect at the tunnel entrance, the strata within a certain range should be reinforced and water-stopped before the three sets of tunnel boring machines enter the tunnel, according to the design requirements.

[0077] 3) Layout of ground monitoring points in the starting section: Starting from the starting end, there is a cross section every 30m, with 9 monitoring points arranged in each cross section. The aperture of each monitoring point is 150mm, and the distance between monitoring points in the same cross section is 5m.

[0078] 4) Launching frame placement and positioning: The launching frame adopts a steel structure and mainly bears the weight of the tunnel boring machine and the friction force during propulsion.

[0079] 5) Shield assembly and commissioning: After the shield assembly is completed, no-load commissioning can be carried out. After the no-load commissioning is qualified, load commissioning can be carried out.

[0080] 6) Rear trolley hoisting and pipeline connection: The rear trolleys are placed on the trolley brackets respectively.

[0081] In step 1), after the No. 1 tunnel boring machine (TBM) is hoisted, the crawler crane is moved to another site to hoist the No. 2 TBM into the shaft. After the No. 1 TBM completes +100 rings of tunneling, it is shut down for reorganization, modification of the muck outlet, water pipes and high-voltage cables, and resumption of tunneling. At the same time, the No. 3 TBM is assembled and debugged.

[0082] In step 2), the shield tunneling head is reinforced using WSS retreat grouting, with a reinforcement range of 8m (centerline of the tunnel). The vertical reinforcement range is determined by the condition of the rock surface at the boundary section, reinforcing only the fully weathered surrounding rock; moderately and slightly weathered rock surfaces are not reinforced. Before launch, water exploration is conducted at the tunnel portal to check the reinforcement effect. If the water exploration effect is unsatisfactory, horizontal grouting or surface jet grouting is used for reinforcement.

[0083] In step 3), starting from the initial point, a cross-section is established every 30 meters, with 9 monitoring points arranged at each cross-section. Each monitoring point has a hole diameter of 150mm, and the spacing between monitoring points on the same cross-section is 5 meters. Protective covers are added to the monitoring points, and the hole diameter must not be less than 150mm, with a hole depth of 1000mm. The marker points are made of φ18 threaded steel bars with a length greater than 80cm. After inserting them into the monitoring point holes, concrete is poured at the bottom, and coarse sand is filled in the middle to ensure the stability of the monitoring points.

[0084] In step 4), due to the weight of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), the launching frame must have sufficient rigidity and strength. Before installing the launching frame, the surveying team first fixes two horizontal control points on the bottom plate of the launching shaft, and accurately positions the left and right sides of the launching frame according to the survey lines. Based on the construction length of the portal steel ring, the length of the trolley bracket, the total length of the negative ring, and the position of the reaction frame, the distance between the bracket and the steel portal steel ring is determined. Considering the control of the TBM's attitude during launching and entering the reinforced area, and to ensure that the TBM's propulsion trajectory meets the construction requirements, the elevation of the launching brackets on both the left and right sides of the TBM is increased by 10mm to 20mm to prevent the TBM from head-down. Then, the launching frame is installed in the predetermined position as required, and the surveying team verifies it. After the positioning is completed, the launching frame is fixed.

[0085] In step 5), the main purpose of load testing is to check the load capacity of various pipeline machine sealing devices and to further improve the testing work that cannot be completed by no-load testing, so that each working system of the tunnel boring machine can reach the working state that meets the normal construction requirements.

[0086] In step 6), the subsequent installation of the supporting trolley and connection to the pipeline specifically includes:

[0087] 6.1) The temporary bridge frame of TBM #1 is connected to the shield body. Trolleys #1¹, #2¹, #3¹, #4¹ (circulating water system), and #5¹ of TBM #1 are placed underground. The foam and grease systems on the original bridge frame are removed and assembled on the temporary bridge frame. The frame of trolley #4¹ and the connecting bridge frame are placed on the ground. Trolleys #6¹ and #7¹ will not be brought to the site for the time being, but will be brought to the site when the equipment is assembled. The extension pipeline is stored on the bottom platform of trolley #2¹ underground. Vertical transportation is carried out by gantry crane for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation is carried out by winch + flatbed + small bucket. The first stage extension pipeline (starting point).

[0088] 6.2) After the No. 1 shield machine is hoisted, the crawler crane will be moved to another site for hoisting and lowering into the shaft → the shield body of the No. 2 shield machine will be lowered into the shaft for assembly, and the temporary bridge of the No. 2 shield machine will be connected to the shield body → after the No. 1¹ trolley of the No. 1 shield machine enters the tunnel, the No. 2², No. 3², No. 4², and No. 1² trolleys of the No. 2 shield machine will be lowered into the shaft in sequence and placed overlappingly in the original position of the No. 1¹ trolley. The pipelines will be connected, and the No. 5¹, No. 6¹ trolleys of the No. 2 shield machine and the connecting bridge will be placed on the ground. (The trolleys will arrive in batches as planned: connecting bridge; trolleys 2², 3², 4², and 1²; trolleys 5¹ and 6¹) → The extension pipeline is stored on the bottom platform of trolley 2² underground. Vertical transportation is carried out by gantry crane for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation is carried out by winch + flatbed + small bucket → the first stage extension pipeline of shield machine #2 (starting).

[0089] 6.3) The connecting bridge, trolley number 1³, and trolley number 2³ of tunnel boring machine #3 can all be stored in the tunnel (left line of the section between Shilong No.1 working shaft and Shilong No.2 working shaft) → Trolley number 3³ and trolley number 4³ are stored underground, and trolley number 5³ and trolley number 6³ are placed on the ground → Remove the shaft opening supports and rails, and position and reinforce the lower launching bracket → Assemble the lower shield body, and the shield tail needs to be welded in sections. (Can the open-cut tunnel after the launching is completed be dismantled?) → Connect the extension pipeline, debug the launching → assemble the battery car → lay the turnout.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] The No. 1 working shaft will be launched using three EPB-TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machines. Two EPB-TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machines with an excavation diameter of 9130mm will be used in the direction of smaller mileage. In the direction of larger mileage, the left line will be launched using one EPB-TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machine with an excavation diameter of 9140mm. After the section is completed, the machines will be transferred to the original launching shaft for the launch of the right line.

[0092] like Figure 7-16As shown in the diagram: A represents the first slag discharge shaft, B represents the second slag discharge shaft, C represents the position of the first 500T crawler crane, D represents the position of the first 500T crawler crane, E represents the trolley bracket, F represents the storage position during assembly, G represents the temporary storage position upon arrival, H represents the gantry crane, I represents the centerline of the left tunnel, J represents the centerline of the right tunnel, K represents the direction of the Shiyan central station, L represents the direction of working shaft #2, M represents working shaft #1, and 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, and 7a are also mentioned. The numbers 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, and 7b represent the 1¹, 2¹, 3¹, 4¹, 5¹, and 6¹ trolleys of the #1 tunnel boring machine, respectively. The numbers 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b represent the 1², 2², 3², 4², 5², and 6² trolleys of the #2 tunnel boring machine, respectively. The numbers 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, and 6c represent the 1³, 2³, 3³, 4³, 5³, and 6³ trolleys of the #2 tunnel boring machine, respectively.

[0093] A method for launching a large-scale, staggered shield tunneling unit with "one shaft and three machines" includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: As Figure 7-8 As shown, the No. 1 tunnel boring machine was hoisted down into the well for assembly and commissioning.

[0095] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 1 is as follows:

[0096] S1.1.1: The first shield body 16 of the No. 1 tunnel boring machine is lowered into the shaft for assembly. The temporary bridge 15 is connected to the first shield body 16. The No. 1¹ trolley, No. 2¹ trolley, No. 3¹ trolley, and No. 4¹ trolley (referred to as 1a, 2a, 3a, and 4a respectively) are placed on the trolley bracket in the No. 1 working shaft (referred to as M). The foam and grease system on the original bridge 15 is removed and assembled on the temporary bridge 15.

[0097] S1.1.2: Trolley No. 5¹ (referred to as 5a) and the connecting bridge 18 of Tunnel Boring Machine No. 1 are placed on the ground. Trolley No. 6¹ and Trolley No. 7¹ will not be brought to the site for the time being, but will be brought to the site when the machines are assembled.

[0098] S1.1.3: The extension pipeline is stored in the extension pipeline storage area 14, located on the saddle platform 13 of the No. 1 working well. Vertical transportation uses gantry crane 19 for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation uses winch + flatbed + small hopper.

[0099] S1.1.4: First-stage extension pipeline (starting point) of tunnel boring machine #1: approximately 85 meters from trolley #5 to trolley #4, approximately 6.5 meters from trolley #4 to trolley #3, approximately 6.5 meters from trolley #3 to trolley #2 (partial pipeline), approximately 6.5 meters from trolley #2 to trolley #1 using its own pipeline, approximately 120 meters from trolley #3 to the first shield body 16, approximately 120 meters from trolley #2 to the first shield body 16, and approximately 50 meters from trolley #1 to the first shield body.

[0100] Step 2: As Figure 9-10 As shown, after the No. 1 tunnel boring machine (TBM) completed its initial launch, the No. 1¹ trolley entered the tunnel; the No. 2 TBM was hoisted down into the shaft for assembly and commissioning.

[0101] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 2 is as follows:

[0102] S2.1.1: The No. 1 tunnel boring machine starts, and it advances one ring per day. After the start, all five negative rings are assembled with staggered joints. The upper half of the negative rings from -2 to -1 is not assembled and is supported by steel sections to facilitate soil removal and material placement.

[0103] S2.1.2: After the initial excavation is completed and 2 rings are completed, the battery-powered vehicles are grouped into 1 excavator head (20 units) and 1 earth-bucket flatbed truck (21 units) for transporting excavated soil. The transportation of tunnel segments still uses flatbed trucks and winches.

[0104] S2.1.3: After the initial excavation and completion of +15 rings, remove the pipeline of No. 1¹ trolley, disassemble No. 1¹ trolley into three parts (left, middle and right), assemble them after entering the tunnel, connect No. 1¹ trolley to temporary bridge 15, and connect the pipeline;

[0105] S2.1.4: 1# Tunnel Boring Machine Second Stage Extension Pipeline (After Completion of +15 Rings): The distance from No. 2¹ Tunnel Boring Machine to No. 1¹ Tunnel Boring Machine is approximately 105 meters. The distance from No. 1¹ Tunnel Boring Machine to the first shield body 16 uses its own pipeline (no extension required). Other pipelines remain unchanged.

[0106] The operation process of shield machine #2 in step 2 (after shield machine #1 was hoisted, the crawler crane was moved to another location to hoist shield machine #2 into the shaft) is as follows:

[0107] S2.2.1: The second shield body 17 of the No. 2 shield machine is lowered into the shaft for assembly, and the temporary bridge 15 of the No. 2 shield machine is connected to the second shield body 17;

[0108] S2.2.2: After the No. 1¹ trolley of the No. 1 shield tunneling machine enters the tunnel, the No. 2², No. 3², No. 4², and No. 1² trolleys of the No. 2 shield tunneling machine are lowered into the shaft in sequence and stacked on the No. 2 trolley bracket. The pipelines are then connected. The No. 5², No. 6² trolleys and connecting bridge 18 are placed on the ground. (The sequence is: No. 2², No. 3², No. 4², and No. 1² trolleys; No. 5² and No. 6² trolleys).

[0109] S2.2.3: The extended pipeline is stored on the saddle platform 13 at the bottom of the No. 2 trolley underground. Vertical transportation uses a gantry crane for slag removal and material unloading; horizontal transportation uses a winch + flatbed + small bucket.

[0110] S2.2.4: 2# Tunnel Boring Machine Extension Pipeline (Starting): From 5² to 4, approximately 85 meters; from 4² to 3², approximately 6.5 meters; from 4² to 2² (partial pipeline), approximately 12.5 meters; from 3² to 2², approximately 6.5 meters; from 3² to 1² (partial pipeline), approximately 12.5 meters; from 2² to 1², using its own pipeline; from 3² to the second shield body 17, approximately 120 meters; from 2² to the second shield body 17, approximately 120 meters; from 1² to the second shield body 17, approximately 50 meters.

[0111] Step 3: As Figure 11 As shown, after the No. 1 tunnel boring machine completed the excavation of +50 rings, the negative ring of the reaction frame at the No. 1 tunnel boring machine was removed; the No. 2 tunnel boring machine completed its start-up, and the No. 1² trolley completed its entry into the tunnel.

[0112] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 3 is as follows:

[0113] S3.1.1: After tunneling 50 rings (100 meters) of tunneling, the No. 1 shield tunneling machine will stop, dismantle the reaction frame, negative ring, and extension pipeline, and lay the wellhead supports and rails; lift out the No. 1¹ trolley and temporary bridge 15 and place them on the ground for trolley reassembly.

[0114] Taking into account the mode change location, the trolley reorganization and mode change are done together.

[0115] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #2 in step 3 is as follows:

[0116] S3.2.1: Tunnel boring machine #2 has completed its launch and is tunneling at a rate of 1 ring per day. The installation method and quantity of the launch negative ring are the same as those of tunnel boring machine #1.

[0117] S3.2.2: After the initial excavation is completed and 2 rings are completed, the battery-powered vehicles are grouped into 1 excavator head and 1 dump truck for transporting excavated soil. The transportation of tunnel segments is still carried out using flatbed trucks and winches.

[0118] S3.2.3: After the initial excavation and completion of +15 rings, remove the pipelines from trolley No. 1², disassemble trolley No. 1² into three parts (left, middle, and right), assemble them after entering the tunnel, connect them to temporary bridge 15, and connect the pipelines.

[0119] S3.2.4: The second-stage extension pipeline of the No. 2 shield machine (after completing +15 rings): The distance from No. 2² trolley to No. 1² trolley is about 105 meters. The pipeline from No. 1² trolley to the second shield body 17 uses its own pipeline (no extension required). Other pipelines remain unchanged.

[0120] Step 4: As Figure 12 As shown, the No. 11-51 trolleys of the No. 1 shield tunneling machine have been reassembled and tunneling has resumed; the No. 2 shield tunneling machine has completed +50 rings and the negative ring of the reaction frame has been removed.

[0121] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 4 is as follows:

[0122] S4.1.1: The connecting bridge, No. 1¹ trolley, and No. 5¹ trolleys are reorganized in sequence. The belt conveyor and the soil outlet are moved to No. 5¹ trolley (space needs to be verified). After the pipeline is connected, tunneling is resumed. The battery car group is: 1 head car 20 + 2 soil dump car + 1 segment car 23.

[0123] Consider: Does the top of trolley No. 5¹ have enough space to install the drive pulley of the belt conveyor?

[0124] S4.1.2: Resume tunneling.

[0125] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #2 in step 4 is as follows:

[0126] S4.2.1: Normal tunneling.

[0127] Step 5: As Figure 13 As shown, the No. 6¹ and No. 7¹ trolleys of the No. 1 tunnel boring machine have been reassembled and tunneling has resumed; the No. 1²-5² trolleys of the No. 2 tunnel boring machine have been reassembled and tunneling has resumed.

[0128] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 5 is as follows:

[0129] S5.1.1: After tunneling is completed for +71 rings, the No. 5¹ trolley passes through shaft B and the slag is removed and the tunnel lining segments are laid from shaft B;

[0130] S5.1.2: After tunneling reaches +90 rings, shut down the machine, reorganize trolleys 6¹ and 7¹, modify the muck outlet, water pipes, and high-voltage cables, and resume tunneling. After tunneling reaches 100 rings, shut down the machine again for reorganization based on the actual situation.

[0131] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #2 in step 5 is as follows:

[0132] S5.2.1: After tunneling is completed at +56 ring, the machine is stopped, the reaction frame, negative ring, and extension pipeline are dismantled, and the wellhead supports and rails are laid; the No. 1² trolley and temporary bridge 15 are lifted out and the trolleys are prepared for regrouping.

[0133] S5.2.2: Arrange the connecting bridge trolleys 18 to 6 in sequence, connect the pipelines, and after completion, the battery car group consists of 1 machine head + 2 earth dump trucks + 1 segment conveyor.

[0134] Step 6: As Figure 14-15As shown, the No. 3 tunnel boring machine's trolley is being lowered into the shaft for assembly.

[0135] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 6 is as follows:

[0136] S6.1.1: Tunneling completed +100 rings. The connecting bridge 18, 1³ trolley, and 2³ trolley of the No. 3 shield tunneling machine are all stored in the tunnel.

[0137] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #2 in step 6 is as follows:

[0138] S6.2.1: Normal tunneling.

[0139] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #3 in step 6 is as follows:

[0140] S6.3.1: Lower trolley No. 2³, trolley No. 1³, and connecting bridge 18 into the shaft and store them in the tunnel;

[0141] S6.3.2: Store trolleys No. 3 and No. 4 in the underground trolley support, and place trolleys No. 5 and No. 6 on the ground.

[0142] Step 7: As Figure 16 As shown, the third shield body 23 of the No. 3 tunnel boring machine was lowered into the shaft for assembly and commissioning, and the launch was completed.

[0143] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #1 in step 7 is as follows:

[0144] S7.1.1: The No. 1 tunnel boring machine discharges slag and unloads materials from the second slag discharge shaft; the battery-powered vehicles are assembled in formation, and the tunneling progresses 2 rings per day.

[0145] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #2 in step 7 is as follows:

[0146] S7.2.1: The No. 2 tunnel boring machine discharges slag and unloads materials from the No. 1 working shaft (represented by M), and normally tunnels 1 ring per day.

[0147] The operation process of tunnel boring machine #3 in step 7 is as follows:

[0148] S7.3.1: Remove the wellhead support platform and track, and lower and reinforce the launching bracket;

[0149] S7.3.2: The third shield body 23 of the No. 3 tunnel boring machine is hoisted down for assembly. The tail section needs to be lowered into the shaft for welding. (Can the completed open-cut tunnel be dismantled?)

[0150] S7.3.3: Connect the extension pipeline and start the commissioning process;

[0151] S7.3.4: Electric vehicle formation;

[0152] S7.3.5: Turnout installation.

Claims

1. A "one well three machine" shield misalignment large split launching construction method, characterized in that: 1) shield machine launching end reinforcement: Before the shield machine enters the hole, the stratum within a certain range is reinforced and water stopped; 2) shield machine misalignment split launching: First, the 1# shield machine is hoisted into the well by the crawler crane, assembled and debugged, and then the 1# shield machine is launched; then, the crawler crane is transferred to hoist the 2# shield machine into the well, assembled and debugged, and then the 2# shield machine is launched; after the 1# shield machine or the 2# shield machine excavates for 100 rings, the 3# shield machine is launched; 3) Launching section ground monitoring point arrangement: Close to the launching end, every interval is marked as a section, and multiple monitoring points are arranged at each section, and the adjacent monitoring points at the same section are kept at a certain interval; 4) Launching frame placement and positioning: The launching frame is in the form of a steel structure and is used to bear the weight of the shield machine and the friction force during pushing; 5) Shield assembly and debugging: After the corresponding shield machine is assembled, it is debugged under no load; after passing the no-load debugging, it is debugged under load; 6) Hoisting and pipeline connection of the rear supporting trolley: the rear supporting trolley is placed on the trolley bracket; 2) in the middle, after hoisting the 1# shield machine, the crawler crane is transferred to hoist the 2# shield machine into the well; after the 1# shield machine excavates for +100 rings, the 6th trolley and the 7th trolley are stopped and reorganized, the slag outlet is changed, the water pipe, high-voltage cable are changed, and the excavation is resumed, while the 3# shield machine is assembled and debugged; 1) in the middle, the WSS retreating type grouting reinforcement is used for the launching end reinforcement, the reinforcement range is 7m-9m, the vertical reinforcement range is based on the case of the rock surface line of the boundary section, only the fully weathered surrounding rock is reinforced, and the medium and slightly weathered rock surface is not reinforced; before launching, water exploration work is carried out on the portal to check the reinforcement effect of the launching end, and when the water exploration effect is poor, horizontal grouting or ground rotary jet grouting is used for reinforcement; 3) in the middle, the launching section ground monitoring point arrangement is arranged close to the launching end, every 30m is a section, 9 monitoring points are arranged at each section, each monitoring point has a hole diameter of 150mm, the monitoring points at the same section have an interval of 5m; the measuring point is protected by a cover with a hole diameter of not less than 150mm and a hole depth of 1000mm, a φ18, length greater than 80cm threaded steel bar is used as a marker point, and after being placed in the measuring point hole, the bottom is poured with concrete and the middle is filled with coarse sand to ensure the stability of the measuring point; 4) in the middle, before installing the launching frame, two horizontal control points are fixed on the bottom plate of the launching well by the measurement group, the left and right positions of the launching frame are accurately positioned according to the measurement line, then the distance between the trolley bracket and the steel ring of the steel portal is determined, then the launching frame is installed at the predetermined position according to the requirements, and the measurement group rechecks and fixes the launching frame after completing the positioning.

2. The "one well, three machines" shield tunneling method for staggered, large-segment launching construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: 6) in the middle, the hoisting and pipeline connection of the rear supporting trolley, specifically including: 6.1) the temporary bridge frame of the 1# shield machine is connected with the first shield body of the 1# shield machine, and the 1st trolley, the 2nd trolley, the 3rd trolley and the 4th trolley of the 1# shield machine are placed in the well; 6.2) the foam and grease system on the original bridge frame is disassembled and assembled on the temporary bridge frame; 6.3), the frame of the No. 4 trolley, the connecting bridge frame is placed on the ground, the No. 6 trolley and the No. 7 trolley are not temporarily put into the field, and are put into the field when grouping; 6.4), the extension pipeline disc is stored on the platform at the bottom of the No. 2 trolley in the well, vertical transportation adopts gantry crane to take out slag and lower materials, and horizontal transportation adopts winch+flat plate+small soil bucket; 6.5), the first stage extension pipeline of the No. 1 shield machine; 6.6), after the hoisting of the No. 1 shield machine is completed, the crawler crane is transferred to the field to hoist the No. 2 shield machine and lower it into the well; 6.7), the shield body of the No. 2 shield machine is assembled and lowered into the well, and the temporary bridge is connected with the second shield body of the No. 2 shield machine; 6.8), after the No. 1 shield machine enters the hole, the No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 and No. 2 trolleys of the No. 2 shield machine are sequentially lowered into the well, and are overlapped and placed on the trolley bracket of the No. 2 shield machine, the connecting pipeline, the No. 5 trolley, the No. 6 trolley and the connecting bridge are placed on the ground; 6.9), the extension pipeline disc is stored on the platform at the bottom of the No. 2 trolley in the well, vertical transportation adopts gantry crane to take out slag and lower materials, and horizontal transportation adopts winch+flat plate+small soil bucket; 6.10), the first stage extension pipeline of the No. 2 shield machine; 6.11), the connecting bridge, the No. 1 trolley and the No. 2 trolley of the No. 3 shield machine are stored in the tunnel; 6.12), the No. 3 trolley and the No. 4 trolley are stored in the well; when the No. 3 shield machine is assembled and debugged, the shield body and the trolley of the No. 1 shield machine have all entered the hole, at this time, the part of the trolley of the No. 3 shield machine is overlapped and placed on the trolley bracket of the No. 1 shield machine, and the No. 5 trolley and the No. 6 trolley are placed on the ground; 6.13), the wellhead horse stool and the track are removed, and the starting bracket is lowered, positioned and reinforced; 6.14), the shield body is lowered to be assembled, and the shield tail needs to be divided into blocks and lowered into the well to be welded; 6.14), the extension pipeline is connected, and the starting is debugged; 6.15), the battery car is grouped, and the turnout is laid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: The trolley bracket comprises at least one layer of bracket units, the bracket unit comprises two rows of vertical columns (2), the two rows of vertical columns (2) are connected into a whole through first longitudinal supports (5) and second longitudinal supports (6) respectively, and the top ends of the two rows of vertical columns (2) are connected to form a support platform through a plurality of groups of transverse supports and longitudinal supports; the support platform comprises second transverse supports (9), the second transverse supports (9) are connected with the second longitudinal supports (6) to form a frame, the frame is reinforced through first transverse supports (8), third transverse supports (10) arranged transversely and third longitudinal supports (7) arranged longitudinally in the frame, and a support plate is fixed to the upper end of the frame.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized in that: Passageways (11) are fixed to the left and right sides of the support platform, and protective fences (12) are fixed to the upper ends of the support platform and the passageways (11) on both sides.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized in that: The vertical columns (2) of each layer of bracket units are fixedly connected with the first longitudinal supports (5) and the second longitudinal supports (6), the vertical columns (2) and the passageways (11), the passageways (11) and the support platform, and adjacent upper and lower bracket units through bolt assemblies provided with elastic sleeves, flat sleeves and nuts; the number of the bracket units is 1-5 layers, the bottom ends of the vertical columns (2) and the upper ends of the second longitudinal supports (6) of each layer of bracket units are provided with mounting holes; the bracket unit at the bottom is reinforced through pre-buried anchor bolts.

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