Dual-path sliding arc igniter head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and bluff body backflow flame stabilization, liquid ammonia cooled electrode and operation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a double-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body backflow stable flame, and a liquid ammonia cooling electrode and an operation method thereof. The first sliding arc is arranged in the first pre-combustion stage, mixes with atomized ammonia to form a flame, and promotes atomization and combustion of ammonia in the first pre-combustion stage under the action of the blunt body and the strong swirl backflow area. The second sliding arc is arranged in the second pre-combustion stage, atomized ammonia is mixed with air, a flame is formed through sliding arc discharge, atomized ammonia is ignited to form a second pre-combustion stage flame. Under the action of the first and second pre-combustion stage flames, a stable main combustion stage flame is formed. The latent heat of the liquid ammonia vaporization is used to cool the electrode, the electrode ablation rate is reduced, the discharge power is improved, and the sliding arc ignition capacity is greatly improved. The application overcomes the shortcomings of fast electrode ablation and short service life of the high-power sliding arc electrode, and ignites liquid ammonia through the double-path high-power sliding arc to form pre-combustion stage and main combustion stage flames, effectively solving the problems of ammonia ignition difficulty and unstable combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of high-end equipment, and in particular to a dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, and an operating method thereof, which is used for developing a new type of zero-carbon burner. Background Art

[0002] Climate change is one of the major threats to the Earth's environment. Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from fossil fuels exacerbates global warming. Currently, the electricity and heat production sectors account for the largest share of carbon emissions in China.

[0003] To reduce carbon emissions from fossil fuels, it is necessary to vigorously develop green new energy sources, including photovoltaics and wind power. However, due to the high random volatility of wind and solar energy, the utilization rate of new energy sources is low, resulting in resource waste. Therefore, energy storage technology is needed to smooth out peak demand and fill valleys. Hydrogen energy, as a type of energy storage technology, has the advantages of being green, efficient, carbon-free, and having a long storage time. It is an important component of the future energy system and will help accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consuming and high-carbon-emitting industries. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy urgently requires breakthroughs in low-cost, high-efficiency fuel cell technology and low-cost and safe hydrogen storage and transportation technology. Among them, the poor safety and high cost of hydrogen storage and transportation have become the main obstacles to the development of hydrogen energy.

[0004] As a hydrogen carrier, ammonia offers high energy density, low storage and transportation costs, and high safety, potentially breaking through bottlenecks in hydrogen energy development. However, the application of ammonia fuel presents challenges such as low flame propagation velocity, difficulty in ignition, poor flame stability, and high NOx emissions, which urgently need to be addressed.

[0005] Scholars in this field have conducted in-depth research on the problems of difficult ammonia ignition and poor flame stability, including technologies such as adding fossil fuels to ammonia, adding ammonia to hydrogen, oxygen-enriched combustion, plasma-assisted combustion, and staged combustion technology. Among them, adding fossil fuels to ammonia can effectively increase the flame propagation speed of the fuel, but it cannot completely solve the carbon emission problem; ammonia-hydrogen combustion can increase the flame propagation speed without additional carbon emissions, but the storage and transportation of hydrogen or online cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen technology requires further research; oxygen-enriched combustion technology is low in difficulty but high in cost, which greatly reduces the economy of ammonia combustion and loses its competitive advantage. Plasma can enhance combustion through thermal, chemical, and transport effects, effectively reducing ignition delay time and increasing flame propagation speed. The patent "A Sliding Arc Plasma Duty Flame Head for an Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber," filed in China with application number CN202111216787.1, describes a fuel nozzle located inside the cathode sleeve, generating sliding arc discharge at the swirler outlet, improving the outlet temperature field quality and increasing the service life of the aircraft engine turbine. The patent "A Single- and Dual-Path Combined Three-Dimensional Rotating Sliding Arc Plasma Exciter," filed in China with application number CN202110298162.8, describes an inner and outer set of swirlers corresponding to a set of electrodes, which can simultaneously generate two sliding arcs, broadening the ignition boundary of the aircraft engine combustion chamber and improving combustion efficiency. The patent "A Variable Sliding Arc Plasma Central Staged Combustion Chamber Head," filed in China with application number CN202310426844.1, describes electrodes arranged in the main combustion stage and duty stage to generate two sliding arcs. The swirler is removable and replaceable, offering the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, and low cost. The above-mentioned sliding arc plasma actuators are all used for the ignition of kerosene in aircraft engines. Due to their low discharge power and heat release power, they cannot meet the requirements for stable combustion of ammonia at high flow rates, and are prone to ammonia escape caused by incomplete combustion. In particular, when liquid ammonia is introduced into high-power burners, higher requirements are placed on the ignition performance of the igniter.

[0006] However, directly increasing the discharge power of the sliding arc igniter will cause the electrode surface temperature to be too high, accelerate the electrode surface ablation, and seriously affect the life of the igniter.

[0007] In response to the above-mentioned problem of difficult ignition of ammonia burners under high power and high flow rate, the present invention proposes a dual-path sliding arc ignition head solution based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes. It can effectively solve the problems of difficult ammonia ignition, unstable and insufficient combustion under high flow rate. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes to achieve reliable ignition and stable combustion of ammonia in the burner.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] A dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrode, comprising a first high-voltage electrode, a first air inlet, a first swirler, a low-voltage electrode, a second air inlet, a second swirler, a second high-voltage electrode, a third air inlet, a third swirler, an ignition head shell, a plasma igniter, a strong reflux zone, a first sliding arc, a second sliding arc, a first pre-combustion stage flame, a second pre-combustion stage flame, and a main combustion stage flame; the first high-voltage electrode comprises a first ammonia inlet and a first ammonia injection port, the first high-voltage electrode is located at the front end center of the ignition head, maintains an air vent with the low-voltage electrode, and a first swirler is provided in the channel; the first air inlet is provided between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode In the ventilation channel between the electrodes; the low-voltage electrode includes a second ammonia injection port, a third ammonia injection port, and a fourth ammonia injection port; the second high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode maintain a ventilation channel, and a second cyclone is provided in the channel; the second air inlet is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode; the second high-voltage electrode includes a third ammonia inlet and a fifth ammonia injection port; the ignition head shell and the second high-voltage electrode maintain a ventilation channel, and a third cyclone is provided in the channel; the third air inlet is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode and the ignition head shell; the first high-voltage electrode and the second high-voltage electrode are respectively connected to the high-voltage ends of the two power supplies; the low-voltage electrode is connected to the low-voltage ends of the two power supplies;

[0011] The first high-voltage electrode, the first cyclone, the low-voltage electrode, the second cyclone, the second high-voltage electrode, the third cyclone, and the ignition head housing are all coaxial;

[0012] Furthermore, the outer contour of the first high-voltage electrode is an axisymmetric structure, and its radius gradually increases along the axial direction and then gradually decreases, so that the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode changes from large to small and then gradually increases; the first high-voltage electrode is provided with N1 (2≤N1≤15) first ammonia injection ports on the side close to the first pre-combustion stage flame; the first high-voltage electrode is provided with a first ammonia inlet; the first sliding arc is generated in the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode and moves under the action of the airflow; the first high-voltage electrode (1) is provided with a plasma igniter at the center of the end face close to the downstream;

[0013] Furthermore, the low-voltage electrode includes a second ammonia inlet, a second ammonia injection port, a third ammonia injection port, and a fourth ammonia injection port; the second ammonia injection port is located on one side of the first sliding arc and at the end of the first sliding arc discharge zone; the third ammonia injection port is located on the side close to the second high-voltage electrode and upstream of the second sliding arc discharge zone; the fourth ammonia injection port is located on the end face of the low-voltage electrode close to the downstream; the second ammonia injection port, the third ammonia injection port, and the fourth ammonia injection port are distributed N2 in the circumferential direction (3≤N2≤25); liquid ammonia is introduced through the second ammonia inlet and ejected through the second ammonia injection port, the third ammonia injection port, and the fourth ammonia injection port; the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the fourth ammonia injection port is higher than the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the second ammonia injection port; the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the second ammonia injection port is higher than the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the third ammonia injection port; the low-voltage electrode is insulated from the first high-voltage electrode by a first cyclone;

[0014] Furthermore, the second high-voltage electrode includes a third ammonia inlet and a fifth ammonia injection port; the fifth ammonia injection port is located on the side close to the ignition head shell; liquid ammonia is introduced through the third ammonia inlet and ejected from the fifth ammonia injection port; the fifth ammonia injection port is distributed N3 (3≤N3≤30) along the circumferential direction; the second sliding arc is generated in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode, and moves under the action of airflow; the second high-voltage electrode is insulated from the low-voltage electrode by the second cyclone; the ignition head shell is insulated from the second high-voltage electrode by the third cyclone.

[0015] Furthermore, the ignition head adopts strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, dual-path sliding arc combustion support, and liquid ammonia cooling electrode means; the strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization means includes the following steps: the gas introduced from the first air inlet generates a strong swirl flow field after passing through the first swirler, generating a recirculation zone in the center, and under the action of the blunt body structure of the first high-voltage electrode, also generates a recirculation zone, and these two recirculation zones overlap to form a strong recirculation zone, which sucks the flame back to the plasma igniter. After mixing with the high temperature generated by the discharge of the plasma igniter, the flame is mixed with the liquid ammonia injected from the first ammonia injection port and the second ammonia injection port, respectively, to promote the atomization of the liquid ammonia and enhance combustion;

[0016] Furthermore, the dual-path sliding arc combustion-supporting means includes the following steps: the first sliding arc is elongated under the action of the airflow and mixed with the liquid ammonia injected from the first ammonia injection port and the second ammonia injection port, respectively, to promote the atomization and intensified combustion of the liquid ammonia, thereby forming a first pre-combustion stage flame; the first pre-combustion stage flame is mixed with the liquid ammonia injected from the fourth ammonia injection port, thereby promoting the atomization and combustion of the liquid ammonia; the ammonia introduced from the third ammonia injection port is mixed with the air introduced from the second air inlet, and then discharged through the second sliding arc to generate a flame, which promotes the gasification and combustion of the liquid ammonia from the fourth ammonia injection port, thereby forming a second pre-combustion stage flame;

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid ammonia cooling electrode means includes the following steps: liquid ammonia is introduced through the first ammonia inlet, the second ammonia inlet, and the third ammonia inlet respectively, and after the liquid ammonia is vaporized, it absorbs heat from the surfaces of the first high-voltage electrode, the low-voltage electrode, and the second high-voltage electrode respectively, thereby lowering the electrode temperature and reducing the electrode ablation rate;

[0018] Furthermore, the ignition head has three working modes. In working mode one, liquid ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first, second, and third ammonia inlets, respectively, and the first sliding arc and the second sliding arc are both released to maximum power. In working mode two, gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first, second, and third ammonia inlets, respectively, and the first sliding arc operates at a lower power, and the second sliding arc is released to maximum power. In working mode three, gaseous ammonia, gaseous ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first, second, and third ammonia inlets, respectively, and the first sliding arc and the second sliding arc operate at a lower power. The three working modes of the ignition head have the following maximum operating powers, from largest to smallest: working mode one, working mode two, and working mode three.

[0019] Furthermore, the operating method of the ignition head is as follows:

[0020] 1) Open the first, second and third air inlets, and let in air, air and air respectively, until the set flow rates are reached;

[0021] 2) Turn on the power of the plasma igniter, the first sliding arc, and the second sliding arc to reach the set power;

[0022] 3) Open the first and second ammonia inlets, and introduce gaseous ammonia or liquid ammonia respectively according to the working mode, and reach the set flow rate respectively;

[0023] 4) After the stable first and second pre-combustion stage flames are formed, open the third ammonia inlet, introduce liquid ammonia, and reach the set flow rate to form the main combustion stage flame.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention utilizes the latent heat of liquid ammonia vaporization to reduce the electrode temperature, increase the life and power of the sliding arc, and thus significantly improve the ignition performance of the sliding arc. The present invention achieves efficient ignition and flame stabilization of a large flow of liquid ammonia through strong swirl and blunt body reflux, and dual-path high-power sliding arcs: the liquid ammonia is directly ignited through a high-power first sliding arc, and a stable first pre-combustion stage flame is formed through the blunt body and swirl reflux zone; under the action of the first pre-combustion stage flame and the high-power second sliding arc, the liquid ammonia is ignited to form a stable second pre-combustion stage flame, and then a stable main combustion stage flame is formed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of a dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes;

[0027] In the figure: 1-first high-voltage electrode; 1-1-first ammonia inlet; 1-2-first ammonia injection port; 2-first air inlet; 3-first cyclone; 4-low-voltage electrode; 4-1-second ammonia inlet; 4-2-second ammonia injection port; 4-3-third ammonia injection port; 4-4-fourth ammonia injection port; 5-second air inlet; 6-second cyclone; 7-second high-voltage electrode; 7-1-third ammonia inlet; 7-2-fifth ammonia injection port; 8-third air inlet; 9-third cyclone; 10-ignition head housing; 11-plasma igniter; 12-strong recirculation zone; 13-first sliding arc; 14-second sliding arc; 15-first pre-combustion stage flame; 16-second pre-combustion stage flame; 17-main combustion stage flame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, a dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrode includes a first high-voltage electrode 1, a first air inlet 2, a first swirler 3, a low-voltage electrode 4, a second air inlet 5, a second swirler 6, a second high-voltage electrode 7, a third air inlet 8, a third swirler 9, an ignition head shell 10, a plasma igniter 11, a strong reflux zone 12, a first sliding arc 13, a second sliding arc 14, a first pre-combustion stage flame 15, a second pre-combustion stage flame 16, and a main combustion stage flame 17; the first high-voltage electrode 1 includes a first ammonia inlet 1-1 and a first ammonia injection port 1-2, the first high-voltage electrode 1 is located at the front center of the ignition head, maintains an air ventilation channel with the low-voltage electrode 4, and is provided with a first swirler 3 in the channel; the first air inlet 2 is provided between the first high-voltage electrode 1 and In the ventilation channel between the low-voltage electrodes 4; the low-voltage electrode 4 includes a second ammonia injection port 4-2, a third ammonia injection port 4-3, and a fourth ammonia injection port 4-4; the second high-voltage electrode 7 maintains a ventilation channel with the low-voltage electrode 4, and a second cyclone 6 is provided in the channel; the second air inlet 5 is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode 7 and the low-voltage electrode 4; the second high-voltage electrode 7 includes a third ammonia inlet 7-1 and a fifth ammonia injection port 7-2; the ignition head shell 10 maintains a ventilation channel with the second high-voltage electrode 7, and a third cyclone 9 is provided in the channel; the third air inlet 8 is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode 7 and the ignition head shell 10; the first high-voltage electrode 1 and the second high-voltage electrode 7 are respectively connected to the high-voltage ends of the two power supplies; the low-voltage electrode 4 is connected to the low-voltage ends of the two power supplies;

[0030] The first high-voltage electrode 1, the first cyclone 3, the low-voltage electrode 4, the second cyclone 6, the second high-voltage electrode 7, the third cyclone 9, and the ignition head housing 10 are all coaxial;

[0031] Furthermore, the outer contour of the first high-voltage electrode 1 is an axisymmetric structure, and its radius gradually increases and then decreases along the axial direction, so that the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode 1 and the low-voltage electrode 4 decreases from large to small and then gradually increases; the first high-voltage electrode 1 is provided with 10 first ammonia injection ports 1-2 on the side close to the first pre-combustion stage flame 15; the first high-voltage electrode 1 is provided with a first ammonia inlet 1-1; the first sliding arc 13 is generated in the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode 1 and the low-voltage electrode 4 and moves under the action of the airflow; the first high-voltage electrode 1 is provided with a plasma igniter 11 at the center of the end face close to the downstream;

[0032] Furthermore, the low-voltage electrode 4 includes a second ammonia inlet 4-1, a second ammonia injection port 4-2, a third ammonia injection port 4-3, and a fourth ammonia injection port 4-4; the second ammonia injection port 4-2 is located on one side of the first sliding arc 13 and at the end of the discharge zone of the first sliding arc 13; the third ammonia injection port 4-3 is located on the side close to the second high-voltage electrode 7 and upstream of the discharge zone of the second sliding arc 14; the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4 is located on the end face of the low-voltage electrode 4 close to the downstream; the second ammonia injection port 4-2, the third ammonia injection port 4-3, and the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4 are located on the end face of the low-voltage electrode 4 close to the downstream; There are 15 ammonia injection ports 4-3 and fourth ammonia injection ports 4-4 distributed along the circumference; liquid ammonia is introduced through the second ammonia inlet 4-1 and ejected through the second ammonia injection port 4-2, the third ammonia injection port 4-3, and the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4; the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4 is higher than the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the second ammonia injection port 4-2; the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the second ammonia injection port 4-2 is higher than the liquid ammonia flow rate ejected from the third ammonia injection port 4-3; the low-voltage electrode 4 is insulated from the first high-voltage electrode 1 by the first cyclone 3;

[0033] Furthermore, the second high-voltage electrode 7 includes a third ammonia inlet 7-1 and a fifth ammonia injection port 7-2; the fifth ammonia injection port 7-2 is located on the side close to the ignition head shell 10; liquid ammonia is introduced through the third ammonia inlet 7-1 and ejected from the fifth ammonia injection port 7-2; 20 fifth ammonia injection ports 7-2 are distributed circumferentially; the second sliding arc 14 is generated in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode 7 and the low-voltage electrode 4, and moves under the action of airflow; the second high-voltage electrode 7 is insulated from the low-voltage electrode 4 by the second cyclone 6; the ignition head shell 10 is insulated from the second high-voltage electrode 7 by the third cyclone 9.

[0034] Furthermore, the ignition head adopts strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, dual-path sliding arc combustion support, and liquid ammonia cooling electrode means; the strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization means include the following steps: the gas introduced from the first air inlet 2, after passing through the first swirler 3, generates a strong swirl flow field, generates a reflux zone in the center, and under the action of the blunt body structure of the first high-voltage electrode 1, also generates a reflux zone, and these two reflux zones overlap to form a strong reflux zone 12, the strong reflux zone 12 sucks the flame back to the plasma igniter 11, after mixing with the high temperature generated by the discharge of the plasma igniter 11, mixes with the liquid ammonia injected from the first ammonia injection port 1-2 and the second ammonia injection port 4-2, respectively, to promote the atomization of the liquid ammonia and enhance combustion;

[0035] Furthermore, the dual-path sliding arc combustion-supporting means includes the following steps: the first sliding arc 13 is elongated under the action of the airflow and mixed with the liquid ammonia injected from the first ammonia injection port 1-2 and the second ammonia injection port 4-2, respectively, to promote the atomization and enhanced combustion of the liquid ammonia, forming a first pre-combustion stage flame 15; the first pre-combustion stage flame 15 is mixed with the liquid ammonia injected from the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4, to promote the atomization and combustion of the liquid ammonia; ammonia introduced from the third ammonia injection port 4-3 is mixed with the air introduced from the second air inlet 5, and then discharged through the second sliding arc 14 to generate a flame, which promotes the gasification and combustion of the liquid ammonia from the fourth ammonia injection port 4-4, forming a second pre-combustion stage flame 16;

[0036] Furthermore, the liquid ammonia cooling electrode means includes the following steps: liquid ammonia is introduced through the first ammonia inlet 1-1, the second ammonia inlet 4-1 and the third ammonia inlet 7-1 respectively, and after the liquid ammonia is vaporized, it absorbs heat from the surfaces of the first high-voltage electrode 1, the low-voltage electrode 4 and the second high-voltage electrode 7 respectively, thereby lowering the electrode temperature and reducing the electrode ablation rate;

[0037] Furthermore, the ignition head has three working modes. In working mode one, liquid ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first ammonia inlet 1-1, the second ammonia inlet 4-1, and the third ammonia inlet 7-1, respectively, and the first sliding arc 13 and the second sliding arc 14 are both released to maximum power; in working mode two, gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first ammonia inlet 1-1, the second ammonia inlet 4-1, and the third ammonia inlet 7-1, respectively, and the first sliding arc 13 operates at a lower power, and the second sliding arc 14 is released to maximum power; in working mode three, gaseous ammonia, gaseous ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first ammonia inlet 1-1, the second ammonia inlet 4-1, and the third ammonia inlet 7-1, respectively, and the first sliding arc 13 and the second sliding arc 14 operate at a lower power; the three working modes of the ignition head, the maximum power of which is from large to small, are working mode one, working mode two, and working mode three;

[0038] Furthermore, the operating method of the ignition head is as follows:

[0039] 1) Open the first air inlet 2, the second air inlet 5, and the third air inlet 8, and let in air, air, and air respectively, until the set flow rates are reached;

[0040] 2) Turn on the power of the plasma igniter 11, the first sliding arc 13, and the second sliding arc 14 to reach the set power;

[0041] 3) Open the first ammonia inlet 1-1 and the second ammonia inlet 4-1, and introduce liquid ammonia to each of them until the set flow rate is reached;

[0042] 4) After the stable first pre-combustion stage flame 15 and second pre-combustion stage flame 16 are formed, the third ammonia inlet 7-1 is opened and liquid ammonia is introduced to reach a set flow rate to form the main combustion stage flame 17.

Claims

1. A dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, characterized by: The invention comprises a first high-voltage electrode (1), a first air inlet (2), a first cyclone (3), a low-voltage electrode (4), a second air inlet (5), a second cyclone (6), a second high-voltage electrode (7), a third air inlet (8), a third cyclone (9) and an ignition head shell (10); the first high-voltage electrode (1) comprises a first ammonia inlet (1-1) and a first ammonia injection port (1-2); the first high-voltage electrode (1) is located at the front center of the ignition head, maintains an air passage with the low-voltage electrode (4), and a first cyclone (3) is arranged in the passage; the first air inlet (2) is arranged in the air passage between the first high-voltage electrode (1) and the low-voltage electrode (4); the low-voltage electrode (4) comprises a second ammonia injection port (4-2), a third ammonia injection port (4-3) and a fourth ammonia injection port (4-5). The second high-voltage electrode (7) and the low-voltage electrode (4) maintain a ventilation channel, and a second cyclone (6) is provided in the channel; the second air inlet (5) is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode (7) and the low-voltage electrode (4); the second high-voltage electrode (7) includes a third ammonia inlet (7-1) and a fifth ammonia injection port (7-2); the ignition head shell (10) and the second high-voltage electrode (7) maintain a ventilation channel, and a third cyclone (9) is provided in the channel; the third air inlet (8) is provided in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode (7) and the ignition head shell (10); the first high-voltage electrode (1) and the second high-voltage electrode (7) are respectively connected to the high-voltage ends of two power supplies; the low-voltage electrode (4) is connected to the low-voltage ends of two power supplies; The first high-voltage electrode (1), the first cyclone (3), the low-voltage electrode (4), the second cyclone (6), the second high-voltage electrode (7), the third cyclone (9), and the ignition head housing (10) are all coaxial.

2. The dual-path sliding arc ignition head according to claim 1, based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, is characterized by: The outer contour of the first high-voltage electrode (1) is an axisymmetric structure, and its radius gradually increases along the axial direction and then gradually decreases, so that the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode (1) and the low-voltage electrode (4) changes from large to small and then gradually increases; the first high-voltage electrode (1) is provided with N1 (2≤N1≤15) first ammonia injection ports (1-2) on the side close to the first pre-combustion stage flame (15); the first high-voltage electrode (1) is provided with a first ammonia inlet (1-1); the first sliding arc (13) is generated in the ventilation channel between the first high-voltage electrode (1) and the low-voltage electrode (4), and moves under the action of the airflow; the first high-voltage electrode (1) is provided with a plasma igniter (11) at the center of the end face close to the downstream.

3. The dual-path sliding arc ignition head according to claim 1, based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, is characterized by: The low-voltage electrode (4) comprises a second ammonia inlet (4-1), a second ammonia injection port (4-2), a third ammonia injection port (4-3), and a fourth ammonia injection port (4-4); the second ammonia injection port (4-2) is located on one side of the first sliding arc (13) and at the end of the discharge zone of the first sliding arc (13); the third ammonia injection port (4-3) is located on the side close to the second high-voltage electrode (7) and upstream of the discharge zone of the second sliding arc (14); the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4) is located on the end face of the low-voltage electrode (4) close to the downstream; the second ammonia injection port (4-2), the third ammonia injection port (4-3) and the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4) are located on the end face of the low-voltage electrode (4) close to the downstream; 3) The fourth ammonia injection port (4-4) is distributed in the circumferential direction in number N2, 3≤N2≤25; liquid ammonia is introduced through the second ammonia inlet (4-1) and ejected through the second ammonia injection port (4-2), the third ammonia injection port (4-3), and the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4); the flow rate of liquid ammonia ejected from the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4) is higher than the flow rate of liquid ammonia ejected from the second ammonia injection port (4-2); the flow rate of liquid ammonia ejected from the second ammonia injection port (4-2) is higher than the flow rate of liquid ammonia ejected from the third ammonia injection port (4-3); the low-voltage electrode (4) is insulated from the first high-voltage electrode (1) through the first cyclone (3).

4. The dual-path sliding arc ignition head according to claim 1, based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, is characterized by: The second high-voltage electrode (7) includes a third ammonia inlet (7-1) and a fifth ammonia injection port (7-2); the fifth ammonia injection port (7-2) is located near the side of the ignition head shell (10); liquid ammonia is introduced through the third ammonia inlet (7-1) and ejected through the fifth ammonia injection port (7-2); the fifth ammonia injection port (7-2) is distributed N3 in the circumferential direction, 3≤N3≤30; a second sliding arc (14) is generated in the ventilation channel between the second high-voltage electrode (7) and the low-voltage electrode (4), and moves under the action of the airflow; the second high-voltage electrode (7) is insulated from the low-voltage electrode (4) by the second cyclone (6); and the ignition head shell (10) is insulated from the second high-voltage electrode (7) by the third cyclone (9).

5. The dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition head adopts means of strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization, dual-path sliding arc combustion support and liquid ammonia cooling electrode; the strong swirl and blunt body reflux flame stabilization means comprises the following steps: the gas introduced from the first air inlet (2) generates a strong swirl flow field after passing through the first swirler (3), generates a reflux zone in the center, and under the action of the blunt body structure of the first high-voltage electrode (1), also generates a reflux zone, the two reflux zones overlap to form a strong reflux zone (12), the strong reflux zone (12) sucks the flame back to the plasma igniter (11), mixes with the high temperature generated by the discharge of the plasma igniter (11), and then mixes with the liquid ammonia injected from the first ammonia injection port (1-2) and the second ammonia injection port (4-2), respectively, to promote the atomization of the liquid ammonia and enhance combustion; The dual-path sliding arc combustion-supporting means comprises the following steps: the first sliding arc (13) is stretched under the action of the airflow, and is mixed with the liquid ammonia sprayed from the first ammonia injection port (1-2) and the second ammonia injection port (4-2), respectively, to promote the atomization and intensified combustion of the liquid ammonia, thereby forming a first pre-combustion stage flame (15); the first pre-combustion stage flame (15) is mixed with the liquid ammonia sprayed from the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4), thereby promoting the atomization and combustion of the liquid ammonia; the ammonia introduced from the third ammonia injection port (4-3) is mixed with the air introduced from the second air inlet (5), and then discharged through the second sliding arc (14) to generate a flame, which promotes the gasification and combustion of the liquid ammonia from the fourth ammonia injection port (4-4), thereby forming a second pre-combustion stage flame (16); The liquid ammonia electrode cooling method comprises the following steps: liquid ammonia is introduced through a first ammonia inlet (1-1), a second ammonia inlet (4-1) and a third ammonia inlet (7-1), and after the liquid ammonia is vaporized, it absorbs heat from the surfaces of the first high-voltage electrode (1), the low-voltage electrode (4) and the second high-voltage electrode (7), thereby lowering the electrode temperature and reducing the electrode ablation rate.

6. The dual-path sliding arc ignition head according to claim 1, based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body reflow flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, is characterized by: The ignition head has three working modes. In working mode 1, liquid ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first ammonia inlet (1-1), the second ammonia inlet (4-1), and the third ammonia inlet (7-1) respectively, and the first sliding arc (13) and the second sliding arc (14) are both released to maximum power. In the second working mode, the first ammonia inlet (1-1), the second ammonia inlet (4-1), and the third ammonia inlet (7-1) are respectively fed with gaseous ammonia, liquid ammonia, and liquid ammonia, the first sliding arc (13) operates at a relatively low power, and the second sliding arc (14) is released to a maximum power; In working mode three, gaseous ammonia, gaseous ammonia and liquid ammonia are introduced into the first ammonia inlet (1-1), the second ammonia inlet (4-1) and the third ammonia inlet (7-1) respectively, and the first sliding arc (13) and the second sliding arc (14) are both operated at relatively low power; the three working modes of the ignition head, the maximum power of which is from large to small, are working mode one, working mode two and working mode three.

7. A method for operating a dual-path sliding arc ignition head based on multi-point atomization, strong swirl and blunt body recirculation flame stabilization, and liquid ammonia cooling electrodes, characterized by: Using the ignition head according to claim 1, the operation method is as follows: 1) Open the first air inlet (2), the second air inlet (5), and the third air inlet (8), and let in air, air, and air respectively, until the set flow rates are reached; 2) Turn on the power of the plasma igniter (11), the first sliding arc (13), and the second sliding arc (14) to reach the set power; 3) Open the first ammonia inlet (1-1) and the second ammonia inlet (4-1), and introduce gaseous ammonia or liquid ammonia according to the working mode, and reach the set flow rate respectively; 4) After the stable first pre-combustion stage flame (15) and second pre-combustion stage flame (16) are formed, the third ammonia inlet (7-1) is opened and liquid ammonia is introduced until the set flow rate is reached to form the main combustion stage flame (17).

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