Full-scale test bench suitable for mechanical property verification of shield tunnel structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of structural mechanical property verification, and particularly relates to a full-scale test bed suitable for mechanical property verification of a shield tunnel structure. Each test bench unit in the test bench comprises a reaction frame system, a load component force system and a loading system. A component force beam in the load component force system is perpendicular to the loading direction of a load, and a plurality of force transmission buttresses are arranged between the component force beam and a tunnel segment so as to disperse the load from the loading system into a plurality of component loads and transmit the component loads to the tunnel segment. The loading end of the loading system is movably arranged on the component force beam so as to change the magnitude of the component load transmitted to the tunnel segment. Therefore, according to the test bench, the loading system can independently change the loading position on the component force beam and the magnitude of the loading force to apply fine load to the tunnel segment, so that the overall stress and deformation parameters of the tunnel structure in the whole test process are obtained, and the purposes of multiple loading working conditions, fine load adjustment and high modularization degree are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of verifying structural mechanical properties, and in particular relates to a full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of a shield tunnel structure. Background Art

[0002] The safety of tunnel structures during the operation period is one of the key issues of general concern in the industry. Tunnel structure deformation, disease generation mechanism and development, structural failure mode, coordinated deformation and interaction between tunnel segment rings and internal structures are closely related to the stress of the tunnel structure. Shield tunnels are assembled by bolting segments. The segment joints block the continuity of the structure, which is not only a weak area of ​​the structure, but also increases the difficulty of stress analysis of the tunnel structure. Loading the shield tunnel structure to obtain its deformation and stress parameters is one of the important means to study its safety status. Moreover, compared with the scaled tunnel test bench, the use of a full-scale tunnel test bench for loading tests can efficiently, safely and accurately simulate the real tunnel stress conditions, conduct structural performance tests under complex stress conditions, and provide a scientific basis for tunnel design, construction and maintenance. At the same time, it promotes scientific research and technological innovation, reduces costs and improves the repeatability of test data.

[0003] However, the existing loading rig applies the force of the jack directly to the tunnel segment. This mode has the disadvantages of few loading points, few loading conditions, low load adjustment precision and low degree of modularization. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures, thereby solving the technical problems of the existing loading benches having few loading points, few loading conditions, low load adjustment precision and low degree of modularization in the loading mode.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention provides a full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of a shield tunnel structure, which can be arranged on the outside of a tunnel segment to apply a load to the tunnel segment, and includes a plurality of test bench units evenly distributed along the circumference of the tunnel segment, wherein the test bench units include a reaction frame system, a load distribution system and a loading system; the reaction frame system includes a reaction column and a track support beam, wherein one end of the reaction column is fixed to the stratum, and a plurality of track support beams are installed at intervals along the length direction of the reaction column on the side of the reaction column facing the tunnel segment; the load distribution system is arranged on the track support beam, and the load distribution system includes a distribution beam and a plurality of force transmission piers, wherein the distribution beam is perpendicular to the loading direction of the load, and the plurality of force transmission piers are arranged between the distribution beam and the tunnel segment to disperse the load from the loading system into a plurality of sub-loads and transmit them to the tunnel segment; the support end of the loading system is arranged on the reaction frame system, and the loading end of the loading system is movably arranged on the distribution beam to change the size of the sub-loads transmitted to the tunnel segment.

[0009] Furthermore, the reaction frame system also includes a reaction ring beam and a track ring beam; the reaction ring beam is H-shaped, the first wing plate of the reaction ring beam is fixed to the reaction column, the second wing plate of the reaction ring beam is connected to the adjacent reaction ring beam so that all reaction ring beams at the same height are integrated, and the same end of the first wing plate and the second wing plate are fixed to the corresponding track support beam; the track ring beam is H-shaped, and the third wing plate of the track ring beam is fixed to the corresponding track support beam.

[0010] Furthermore, the loading system includes a jack and a jack sleeve fixedly mounted on the outside of the jack, the jack sleeve is a supporting end, a first guide wheel is provided at the first end of the jack sleeve away from the loading end, the first guide wheel is placed on the first web between the first wing plate and the second wing plate, a second guide wheel is provided at the second end of the jack sleeve close to the loading end, the second guide wheel is clamped on the top end of the fourth wing plate of the track ring beam, so that the jack sleeve can move on the force component beam with the loading end.

[0011] Furthermore, a locking plate and a locking block are provided on the jack sleeve. The locking block is located between the locking plate and the second wing plate. The locking block is elliptical. When the long axis of the locking block is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the jack sleeve, the jack sleeve is pressed against the reaction ring beam. At this time, the position of the loading end on the force component beam is fixed.

[0012] Furthermore, the loading system also includes a jack fixture, the jack includes a jack cylinder and a jack piston, the upper end of the jack cylinder is fixed to the jack sleeve, the lower end of the jack piston is fixed to the jack fixture, and the jack piston is the loading end.

[0013] Furthermore, a guide rail is provided on the top surface of the force beam, and a fixture moving trolley is fixed at the lower end of the jack fixture, and the fixture moving trolley can move along the guide rail. Limiting blocks are respectively provided at both ends of the guide rail to prevent the fixture moving trolley from escaping from the guide rail when moving.

[0014] Furthermore, the jack sleeve is electrically connected to a cable, which can transmit a signal to the jack sleeve to control the movement of the jack sleeve along the track ring beam, thereby driving the fixture moving trolley to move on the force component beam; the cable can also transmit a signal to the jack to control the loading force generated by the loading system.

[0015] Furthermore, the load distribution system also includes a number of force transfer pads, which correspond one-to-one to a number of force transfer piers, and the force transfer pads are hinged to the corresponding force transfer piers; the number of force transfer pads are in contact with the tunnel segments and are pressed under the action of the loading system to transfer the loading force generated by the loading system to the tunnel segments.

[0016] Furthermore, the load force distribution system also includes a force distribution beam trolley, which includes a force distribution beam frame, four force distribution beam trolley running wheels and four force distribution beam trolley track wheels. The upper end of the force distribution beam frame is fixed to the side of the force distribution beam, and the four force distribution beam trolley running wheels are fixed to the lower end of the force distribution beam frame and are located on the outer surface of the fifth wing plate of the track support beam. The four force distribution beam trolley track wheels are clamped in pairs on both sides of the second web of the track support beam so that the force distribution beam trolley is slidably set on the track support beam so that the force distribution beam can move longitudinally in the loading direction when the loading system is loaded.

[0017] Furthermore, one end of the reaction column fixed to the stratum extends into the stratum and is fixed to a reaction column foundation pre-buried in the stratum.

[0018] (III) Beneficial effects

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures of the present invention has multiple load force distribution systems including force distribution beams arranged on the outside of the tunnel segments. The force distribution beams disperse the load generated by the loading system into multiple partial loads, which increases the number of loading points exponentially without increasing the number of loading ends, and enables the loading system loaded on each force distribution beam to change the magnitude of the force applied to the loading point on the tunnel segment by changing the loading position on the force distribution beam and the magnitude of the loading force alone, so as to apply refined loads to the tunnel segments, so as to verify the whole process of stress, deformation, cracking and destruction of the tunnel segments, segment joints and internal structures, and obtain the overall stress and deformation parameters of the tunnel structure during the whole test process. Compared with the prior art, it achieves the purpose of multiple loading conditions, fine load adjustment and high modularization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A top view of the full-scale test bench and the location of the tunnel segments suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial top view of a full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of a test bench unit and a tunnel segment;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a track support beam in a test bench unit and its corresponding load component system and loading system;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a track support beam in a test bench unit and its corresponding load component system and loading system from another perspective;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the first end of the jack sleeve and the reaction ring beam;

[0027] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the position of the second end of the jack sleeve and the track ring beam;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jack fixture and the fixture moving trolley;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jack fixture and the fixture moving trolley from the second perspective;

[0030] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jack fixture and the fixture moving trolley from the third perspective;

[0031] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the force-component beam, the force-component beam trolley and the track support beam;

[0032] Fig.12 Structural schematic diagram of the force-dividing beam trolley;

[0033] Fig.13 This is the mechanical analysis diagram of the force-component beam.

[0034] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0035] 1: Tunnel segment;

[0036] 2: reaction frame system; 21: reaction column; 22: track support beam; 221: fifth wing plate; 222: second web plate; 23: reaction ring beam; 231: first wing plate; 232: second wing plate; 233: first web plate; 24: track ring beam; 241: third wing plate; 242: fourth wing plate; 25: first bolt; 26: connecting pad; 27: second bolt; 28: weld; 29: third bolt;

[0037] 3: load force distribution system; 31: force distribution beam; 313: third web; 32: force transmission pier; 33: guide rail; 34: force transmission pad; 35: force distribution beam trolley; 351: force distribution beam frame; 352: force distribution beam trolley running wheel; 353: force distribution beam trolley track wheel; 36: limit block;

[0038] 4: loading system; 41: jack; 411: jack cylinder; 412: jack piston; 42: jack sleeve; 421: locking plate; 422: locking block; 43: first guide wheel; 44: second guide wheel; 45: jack fixture; 46: fixture moving trolley; 461: frame; 462: saw gear; 47: cable; 48: first fastening bolt; 49: second fastening bolt;

[0039] 5: Strata; 6: Reaction column foundation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figure 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of a shield tunnel structure, which can be arranged outside a tunnel segment 1 to apply a load to the tunnel segment 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a plurality of test bench units evenly distributed along the circumference of the tunnel segment 1, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, the test bench unit includes a reaction frame system 2, a load component system 3 and a loading system 4.

[0042] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the reaction frame system 2 includes a reaction column 21, a track support beam 22, a reaction ring beam 23 and a track ring beam 24. One end of the reaction column 21 is fixed to the stratum 5, and is used to support the installation of the track support beam 22, the reaction ring beam 23 and the track ring beam 24. Conventional H-shaped steel is selected for the reaction column 21, and the size of the H-shaped steel is determined according to the test design load calculation. During the construction of the test bench, a reaction column foundation 6 must be set up. The reaction column foundation 6 is buried at a certain depth below the stratum 5 (the buried depth value is determined according to calculation), and is firmly connected to the reaction column 21 in the form of reserved anchoring steel bars. One end of the reaction column 21 fixed to the stratum 5 extends into the stratum 5 and is fixed to the reaction column foundation 6 pre-buried in the stratum 5. The reaction column foundation 6 is a reinforced concrete foundation, which is specially designed according to the load transmitted by the reaction column 21. As shown Figure 3As shown, a plurality of track support beams 22 are installed at intervals along the length direction of the reaction column 21 on the side of the reaction column 21 facing the tunnel segment 1. The loading system 4 is installed on the reaction frame system 2, and the number of the loading systems 4 corresponds to the track support beams 22, so the reaction column 21 is equivalent to providing an installation platform for different loading systems 4.

[0043] The track support beam 22 is made of conventional H-shaped steel.

[0044] The reaction ring beam 23 is made of conventional H-shaped steel and is manufactured in sections according to the diameter of the shield tunnel not exceeding 15m. Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the first wing plate 231 of the reaction ring beam 23 is fixed to the reaction column 21 by the first bolt 25, and the second wing plate 232 of the reaction ring beam 23 is connected to the adjacent reaction ring beam 23 by the connecting pad 26 and the second bolt 27 so that all the reaction ring beams 23 at the same height are integrated, and the same end of the first wing plate 231 and the second wing plate 232 are fixed to the corresponding track support beam 22. In this embodiment, the track support beam 22 is provided with three welds 28 to be firmly connected to the reaction ring beam 23.

[0045] The track ring beam 24 is made of conventional H-shaped steel and can be manufactured in sections according to actual conditions. The third wing plate 241 of the track ring beam 24 is fixed to the corresponding track support beam 22 by the third bolt 29. Since the track support beams 22 are spaced relatively small, there is no need to set additional bolts and pads to connect adjacent track ring beams 24.

[0046] like Figure 3-4 As shown, the load force distribution system 3 is arranged on the track support beam 22, and the load force distribution system 3 includes a force distribution beam 31, a plurality of force transmission piers 32 and a plurality of force transmission pads 34. The force distribution beam 31 is perpendicular to the loading direction of the load, that is, the force distribution beam 31 is arranged parallel to the tunnel segment 1, and the plurality of force transmission piers 32 are arranged between the force distribution beam 31 and the tunnel segment 1 to disperse the load from the loading system 4 into a plurality of partial loads and transmit them to the tunnel segment 1. The plurality of force transmission pads 34 correspond to the plurality of force transmission piers 32 one by one. In order to keep the direction of the transmitted load perpendicular to the curved surface of the tunnel segment 1, the force transmission pads 34 are arranged in a hinged manner with the corresponding force transmission piers 32. The plurality of force transmission pads 34 are in contact with the tunnel segment 1 and are pressed under the action of the loading system 4 to transmit the loading force generated by the loading system 4 to the tunnel segment 1. Among them, the length and thickness of the force distribution beam 31 can be specially designed according to the loading conditions. In this embodiment, four force transmission piers 32 are provided. The four force transmission piers 32 are located at both sides of the force component beam 31 in groups of two, and are firmly connected to the force component beam 31 by welding.

[0047] like Fig.13As shown, A is the force transmission pier 32 on one side, B is the force transmission pier 32 on the other side, between AB is the force component beam 31, F is the loading force generated by the loading system 4, FA is the force component on one side, FB is the force component on the other side, L is the distance between the force transmission piers 32 on both sides, LA and LB respectively represent the distance between the loading point of the loading force and the force transmission piers 32 on both sides. According to the principle of mechanics

[0048]

[0049] It can be seen that by adjusting the position of the loading point on the force component beam 31 , the value of the force component transmitted to both sides of the tunnel segment 1 can be changed.

[0050] Preferably, two third webs 313 are provided in the force component beam 31 , and the two third webs 313 correspond to the two groups of force transmission piers 32 respectively, so that the supporting force of the force component beam 31 is greater.

[0051] like Figure 3-5 , Figure 11-12 As shown, the load force distribution system 3 also includes a force distribution beam trolley 35, which includes a force distribution beam frame 351, four force distribution beam trolley running wheels 352 and four force distribution beam trolley track wheels 353. The upper end of the force distribution beam frame 351 is fixed to the side of the force distribution beam 31, and the four force distribution beam trolley running wheels 352 are fixed to the lower end of the force distribution beam frame 351 and are located on the outer surface of the fifth wing plate 221 of the track support beam 22. The four force distribution beam trolley track wheels 353 are clamped on both sides of the second web 222 of the track support beam 22 in pairs, so that the force distribution beam trolley 35 is slidably set on the track support beam 22 so that the force distribution beam 31 can move longitudinally in the loading direction when the loading system 4 is loaded.

[0052] like Figure 2-5 As shown, the supporting end of the loading system 4 is arranged on the reaction frame system 2 , and the loading end of the loading system 4 is movably arranged on the force component beam 31 to change the magnitude of the component load transmitted to the tunnel segment 1 .

[0053] Specifically, Figure 2 , Figure 4-7As shown, the loading system 4 includes a jack 41, a jack sleeve 42 fixedly sleeved on the outside of the jack 41, and a jack fixture 45. The jack sleeve 42 is a supporting end. The jack 41 includes a jack cylinder 411 and a jack piston 412. The upper end of the jack cylinder 411 is fixed to the jack sleeve 42, and the lower end of the jack piston 412 is fixed to the jack fixture 45. In this embodiment, the jack cylinder 411 is connected to the jack sleeve 42 by a first fastening bolt 48, and the jack piston 412 is connected to the jack fixture 45 by a second fastening bolt 49. The jack piston 412 is a loading end. A first guide wheel 43 is provided at the first end of the jack sleeve 42 away from the loading end, and the first guide wheel 43 is placed on the first web 233 between the first wing plate 231 and the second wing plate 232. A second guide wheel 44 is provided at the second end of the jack sleeve 42 close to the loading end, and the second guide wheel 44 is clamped on the top of the fourth wing plate 242 of the track ring beam 24, so that the jack sleeve 42 can move on the force component beam 31 with the loading end.

[0054] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a guide rail 33 is provided on the top surface of the force component beam 31. In the present embodiment, the guide rail 33 is welded to the top surface of the force component beam 31. A clamp moving trolley 46 is fixed to the lower end of the jack clamp 45. The clamp moving trolley 46 can move along the guide rail 33. The guide rail 33 provides guidance for the movement of the clamp moving trolley 46 on the top surface of the force component beam 31 to assist the movement of the jack 41 along the force component beam 31.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 8-10 As shown, the fixture moving trolley 46 includes a frame 461 and a saw gear 462 welded together, and the saw gear 462 is engaged with the guide rail 33 to enable the fixture moving trolley 46 to move along the guide rail 33. The jack sleeve 42 is electrically connected to a cable 47, and the cable 47 can transmit a signal to the jack sleeve 42 to control the jack sleeve 42 to move along the track ring beam 24, thereby driving the fixture moving trolley 46 to move on the force beam 31. At the same time, the cable 47 can also transmit a signal to the jack 41 to control the magnitude of the loading force generated by the loading system 4.

[0056] Limiting blocks 36 are respectively provided at both ends of the guide rail 33 to prevent the fixture moving trolley 46 from escaping from the guide rail 33 when moving.

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a locking plate 421 and a locking block 422 are provided on the jack sleeve 42. The locking block 422 is located between the locking plate 421 and the second wing plate 232. The locking block 422 is elliptical. When the long axis of the locking block 422 is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the jack sleeve 42, the jack sleeve 42 is pressed against the reaction ring beam 23. At this time, the position of the loading end on the force component beam 31 is fixed.

[0058] In summary, the reaction frame system 2 is used to provide reaction force during the implementation of the loading test, and the reaction column 21 supports the installation of the track support beam 22, the reaction ring beam 23 and the track ring beam 24.

[0059] The track support beam 22 provides support for the installation of the track ring beam 24, provides a track for the movement of the force component beam trolley 35 along the track support beam 22, and provides support force for the force component beam 31 to ensure its stability.

[0060] The reaction ring beam 23 provides a reaction force for the thrust of the jack 41 during the loading test and transmits the reaction force to the reaction column 21. At the same time, it acts as a track to provide support for the jack sleeve 42 to ensure the stability of the loading system 4 and the movement of the loading system 4 on the reaction ring beam 23.

[0061] The track ring beam 24 provides guidance and support for the movement of the loading system 4 along the track ring beam 24 .

[0062] During operation, assemble the tunnel segment 1 to the predetermined position, connect the jack cylinder 411 to the jack sleeve 42, and connect the jack piston 412 to the jack fixture 45. The saw gear 462 of the fixture moving trolley 46 is meshed with the guide rail 33. Before formal loading, start the jack 41 for pre-tightening so that the load distribution system 3 is in close contact with the tunnel segment 1. After determining the position of the loading system 4 according to the test conditions, adjust the loading system 4 to move along the reaction ring beam 23 and the track ring beam 24 through the cable 47, thereby driving the jack fixture 45 to move on the distribution beam 31, and at the same time determine the loading force of each jack 41 in each test bench unit according to the design conditions. After the jack fixture 45 moves to the predetermined position, the locking block 422 is controlled to press against the reaction ring beam 23 to fix the position of the loading system 4, and then the jack 41 can be started to formally carry out the loading test, and the predetermined load is applied to the tunnel segment 1 after the force is divided by the force beam 31. As the load applied by the jack 41 increases, the force beam 31 moves along the track support beam 22 through the force beam trolley 35, thereby realizing continuous loading of the tunnel segment 1. According to the predetermined test conditions, the number of loading systems 4 can be increased or decreased, thereby simulating different conditions faced by the tunnel during the operation period.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0064] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0065] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of a shield tunnel structure, which can be arranged outside a tunnel segment (1) to apply a load to the tunnel segment (1), characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of test bench units evenly distributed along the circumference of the tunnel segment (1), wherein the test bench units comprise a reaction frame system (2), a load component system (3) and a loading system (4); The reaction frame system (2) comprises a reaction column (21) and a track support beam (22), one end of the reaction column (21) is fixed to the stratum (5), and a plurality of track support beams (22) are installed at intervals along the length direction of the reaction column (21) on the side of the reaction column (21) facing the tunnel segment (1); The load force distribution system (3) is arranged on the track support beam (22), and the load force distribution system (3) comprises a force distribution beam (31) and a plurality of force transmission piers (32), wherein the force distribution beam (31) is perpendicular to the loading direction of the load, and the plurality of force transmission piers (32) are arranged between the force distribution beam (31) and the tunnel segment (1) to distribute the load from the loading system (4) into a plurality of partial loads and transmit them to the tunnel segment (1); The supporting end of the loading system (4) is arranged on the reaction frame system (2), and the loading end of the loading system (4) is movably arranged on the force component beam (31) to change the size of the component load transmitted to the tunnel segment (1).

2. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reaction frame system (2) further comprises a reaction ring beam (23) and a track ring beam (24); The reaction ring beam (23) is H-shaped, the first wing plate (231) of the reaction ring beam (23) is fixed to the reaction column (21), the second wing plate (232) of the reaction ring beam (23) is connected to the adjacent reaction ring beam (23) so that all the reaction ring beams (23) at the same height form an integral body, and the same ends of the first wing plate (231) and the second wing plate (232) are fixed to the corresponding track support beam (22); The track ring beam (24) is H-shaped, and the third wing plate (241) of the track ring beam (24) is fixed to the corresponding track support beam (22).

3. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The loading system (4) comprises a jack (41) and a jack sleeve (42) fixedly sleeved on the outside of the jack (41); the jack sleeve (42) is the supporting end; a first guide wheel (43) is arranged at a first end of the jack sleeve (42) away from the loading end; the first guide wheel (43) is placed on a first web (233) between the first wing plate (231) and the second wing plate (232); a second guide wheel (44) is arranged at a second end of the jack sleeve (42) close to the loading end; the second guide wheel (44) is clamped on the top end of the fourth wing plate (242) of the track ring beam (24), so that the jack sleeve (42) can move with the loading end on the force component beam (31).

4. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The jack sleeve (42) is provided with a locking plate (421) and a locking block (422). The locking block (422) is located between the locking plate (421) and the second wing plate (232). The locking block (422) is elliptical. When the major axis of the locking block (422) is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the jack sleeve (42), the jack sleeve (42) is tightly pressed against the reaction ring beam (23). At this time, the position of the loading end on the force component beam (31) is fixed.

5. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The loading system (4) further comprises a jack fixture (45); the jack (41) comprises a jack cylinder (411) and a jack piston (412); the upper end of the jack cylinder (411) is fixed to the jack sleeve (42); the lower end of the jack piston (412) is fixed to the jack fixture (45); and the jack piston (412) is the loading end.

6. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A guide rail (33) is provided on the top surface of the force component beam (31), and a clamp moving trolley (46) is fixed to the lower end of the jack clamp (45), and the clamp moving trolley (46) can move along the guide rail (33). Limiting blocks (36) are respectively arranged at both ends of the guide rail (33) to prevent the fixture moving trolley (46) from escaping from the guide rail (33) when moving.

7. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The jack sleeve (42) is electrically connected to a cable (47), and the cable (47) can transmit a signal to the jack sleeve (42) to control the jack sleeve (42) to move along the track ring beam (24), thereby driving the fixture moving trolley (46) to move on the force component beam (31); The cable (47) can also transmit a signal to the jack (41) to control the magnitude of the loading force generated by the loading system (4).

8. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load force distribution system (3) further comprises a plurality of force transmission pads (34), wherein the plurality of force transmission pads (34) correspond one to one with the plurality of force transmission piers (32), and the force transmission pads (34) are hingedly connected to the corresponding force transmission piers (32); A plurality of force transmission pads (34) are in contact with the tunnel segment (1) and are pressed under the action of the loading system (4) to transmit the loading force generated by the loading system (4) to the tunnel segment (1).

9. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The load force distribution system (3) also includes a force distribution beam trolley (35), and the force distribution beam trolley (35) includes a force distribution beam frame (351), four force distribution beam trolley running wheels (352) and four force distribution beam trolley track wheels (353). The upper end of the force distribution beam frame (351) is fixed to the side of the force distribution beam (31), and the four force distribution beam trolley running wheels (352) are fixed to the lower end of the force distribution beam frame (351) and are located on the outer surface of the fifth wing plate (221) of the track support beam (22). The four force distribution beam trolley track wheels (353) are clamped in pairs on both sides of the second web (222) of the track support beam (22) so that the force distribution beam trolley (35) is slidably arranged on the track support beam (22) so that the force distribution beam (31) can move longitudinally in the loading direction when the loading system (4) is loaded.

10. The full-scale test bench suitable for verifying the mechanical properties of shield tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the reaction column (21) fixed to the stratum (5) extends into the stratum (5) and is fixed to a reaction column foundation (6) pre-buried in the stratum (5).

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