A test apparatus and method for screening friction and wear of graphite sealing materials

Abstract

A friction and wear screening test apparatus and method for graphite sealing materials includes a rotary motion system, a vertical load application system, a horizontal load application system, a heating and control system, and a friction and wear parameter measurement system connected to the main body of the test apparatus. The vertical load application system abuts the test graphite sample against the track, providing radial load to the test graphite sample. The horizontal load application system abuts the test graphite sample against the sealing seat, providing axial load to the test graphite sample. The rotary motion system provides power for the rotational motion of the track. The heating and control system is arranged around the contact point between the test graphite sample and the track, providing the test environment temperature for the friction and wear test. The friction and wear parameter measurement system is used to obtain the friction and wear parameters during the test. This invention satisfies the bidirectional loading mode under the coupled influence of radial and axial bidirectional loading on the graphite sample, can steplessly adjust the radial runout of different tracks, and ensures the dynamic balance accuracy of the rotary motion system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of friction and wear technology, specifically relating to a friction and wear screening test device and method for graphite sealing materials. Background Technology

[0002] Contact-type graphite circumferential seals are widely used in the main and auxiliary seals of aero-engine main bearing cavities due to their advantages such as compact structure, light weight, easy assembly, and high safety in case of breakage. With the increasing performance requirements of aero-engines, the sealing devices need to meet the requirements of operating conditions at higher temperatures and higher loads, further enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of graphite sealing materials.

[0003] Currently, mature tribological testing equipment both domestically and internationally can perform tribological tests on point, line, and surface contact pairs at high speeds and over a wide range of ambient temperatures. However, these are all single-load applications, which cannot meet the needs of studying the effects of bidirectional loading on the tribological characteristics of graphite seals. Furthermore, the temperature feedback and control systems cannot quantitatively assess the impact of friction and operating conditions on interface temperature. In addition, current equipment also cannot quantitatively assess the impact of runway radial runout on the tribological characteristics of graphite.

[0004] Chinese patent (publication number: CN 118603800 B) discloses a circumferential seal friction and wear test device, which cannot achieve stepless adjustment of the track eccentricity and online measurement and adjustment of the dynamic balance of the rotating main shaft; the shaft system adopts a cantilever beam support structure, and the installation and disassembly of the bearing seat are inconvenient; the structure of the test graphite sample cannot be adjusted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device and method, which realizes a bidirectional loading mode that satisfies the coupled influence of radial and axial bidirectional loading on the test graphite sample; a dual temperature feedback system that can quantitatively reflect the influence of friction conditions on the temperature near the graphite contact interface; and a stepless adjustment of the radial runout of different raceways to test the friction and wear characteristics of graphite materials with different runout amounts, while ensuring the dynamic balance accuracy of the rotational motion system; and allows for quick disassembly and installation of the bearing housing; and also provides different test graphite sample structures for vertical and horizontal friction and wear test devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device includes a rotary motion system I, a vertical load application system II, a horizontal load application system III, a heating and control system IV, and a friction and wear parameter measurement system V connected to the test device body 1. Depending on whether the rotation axis of the rotary motion system I is perpendicular or parallel to the ground, it is divided into a vertical test device and a horizontal test device. The rotation axis of the vertical test device is perpendicular to the ground, while the rotation axis of the horizontal test device is parallel to the ground. The rotary motion system I provides power for the rotation of the test track. For the horizontal test device, the vertical load application system II presses the test graphite sample against the test track. The vertical load system (III) provides a vertical load to the test graphite specimen, while the horizontal load application system (III) holds the test graphite specimen against the sealing seat, providing a horizontal load. For the vertical test apparatus, the vertical load application system (II) holds the test graphite specimen against the sealing seat, providing a vertical load, while the horizontal load application system (III) holds the test graphite specimen against the track, providing a horizontal load. The heating and control system (IV) is located around the contact point between the test graphite specimen and the track, providing the ambient temperature for the friction and wear test. The friction and wear parameter measurement system (V) is used to acquire the friction and wear parameters during the test.

[0008] The rotary motion system I includes a high-speed motor, the output end of which is connected to the input end of a torque sensor 4. The output end of the torque sensor 4 is connected to one end of a rotary spindle 7. The shoulder on the rotary spindle 7 is connected to a runout adjustment mechanism 8, and the runout adjustment mechanism 8 is connected to a track 9. The rotary spindle 7 is mounted in a fixed bearing seat and a movable bearing seat 11 via bearings. The movable bearing seat 11 is mounted on a bearing seat movement control mechanism, and a vibration sensor 12 is connected to the fixed bearing seat.

[0009] The bearing housing movable control mechanism includes a first servo motor 13, the motor spindle of the first servo motor 13 is connected to a first nut 15, and the first nut 15 is connected to a movable bearing housing 11; a first guide sleeve 16 and a second guide sleeve 17 are connected to both sides of the movable bearing housing 11; a first guide post 18 and a second guide post 19 are connected inside the first guide sleeve 16 and the second guide sleeve 17, one end of the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 are respectively connected to the first motor mounting bracket, and the other end of the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 are respectively installed to the first guide post base and the second guide post base; the first guide post base and the second guide post base are connected to the body 1 of the test device.

[0010] The aforementioned bounce adjustment mechanism 8 includes a first circular sliding disk 8-1, a second circular sliding disk 8-2, and a fixed disk 8-3; the fixed disk 8-3 is connected to the shoulder of the rotating main shaft 7, and the fixed disk 8-3 is provided with a trapezoidal step; the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 are provided with trapezoidal grooves, and the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 are radially displaced on the fixed disk 8-3 through the grooves; the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 are respectively connected to the runway 9; the first The double-ended stud 8-4 passes through the through holes on the first circular sliding plate 8-1 and the fixed plate 8-3, and is fixed with a nut; the second double-ended stud 8-5 passes through the through holes on the second circular sliding plate 8-2 and the fixed plate 8-3, and is fixed with a nut; the first circular sliding plate 8-1 is equipped with a first adjusting bolt 8-6, and the second circular sliding plate 8-2 is equipped with a second adjusting bolt 8-7, which are used to balance the offset of the center of gravity of the mechanism caused by the adjustment of the runway 9's bounce; at the same time, the vibration sensor 12 realizes online real-time monitoring of the dynamic balance of the rotating spindle 7.

[0011] The vertical load application system II includes a lever mounting bracket 22, which is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. A loading lever 23 is mounted on the lever mounting bracket 22 via a pin 24. A weight 25 is fixed to the middle of the loading lever 23 via a weight nut 26. A counterweight block 27 is connected to the tail of the loading lever 23. A vertical loading member is threaded to the end of the loading lever 23. A contact member is installed at the lower end of the vertical loading member. The load applied by the vertical load application system II of the horizontal test device is a radial load, and the load applied by the vertical load application system II of the vertical test device is an axial load.

[0012] The horizontal load application system III includes a second servo motor 30, which is mounted on a second motor mounting bracket 31. The second motor mounting bracket 31 is connected to the test device body 1. The test device body 1 is connected to a guide column support 32. A third guide column 33 is connected to the guide column support 32 and the second motor mounting bracket 31. The third guide column 33 passes through a pressure plate 34 and a pressure plate 35. A spring 36 is installed between the pressure plate 34 and the pressure plate 35. The pressure plate 35 is connected to a second nut 37, and the second nut 37 is connected to the second servo motor 30. The motor spindle is connected by a screw pair; the pressure plate 35, the second motor mounting bracket 31, and the third adjusting bolt 38 are connected. Manually rotating the third adjusting bolt 38 pushes the pressure plate 35 to move, thereby compressing the spring 36 and achieving fine adjustment of the horizontal load; the pressure plate 34 is connected to the force sensor 39, and the force sensor 39 is connected to one end of the horizontal loading rod, and the other end of the horizontal loading rod is provided with a loading ball 41; the load applied by the horizontal load application system III of the horizontal test device is an axial load, and the load applied by the horizontal load application system III of the vertical test device is a radial load.

[0013] The heating and control system IV includes a first ambient temperature control box 42 and a second ambient temperature control box 45. The first ambient temperature control box 42 is connected to a first slide rail 44 via a first mounting bracket 43, and the first slide rail 44 is connected to the body 1 of the test device. The second ambient temperature control box 45 is connected to a second slide rail 47 via a second mounting bracket 46, and the second slide rail 47 is connected to the body 1 of the test device. The first mounting bracket 43 is connected to a third nut 50, and the second mounting bracket 46 is connected to a fourth nut 51. The third nut 50, the fourth nut 51, and the ball screw with positive and negative threads on the spindle of the third servo motor 48 are connected to the ball screw with positive and negative threads. The first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are automatically opened and closed by a series of meshing mechanisms. The third servo motor 48 is connected to the body 1 of the test device via a third motor mounting bracket 49. A hand crank wheel 52 is installed on the shaft extending from the tail of the third servo motor 48. An infrared thermometer 53 is installed on the third motor mounting bracket 49 via a fifth nut 54. The third motor mounting bracket 49 is connected to a thermocouple 55. The first ambient temperature control box 42 has detection holes for the infrared thermometer 53 and the thermocouple 55. Electromagnetic induction heating coils 57 are installed inside the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45.

[0014] For the horizontal testing device, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 is fixed inside the coil mounting plate 58, which is fixed on the third mounting bracket 59 and the fourth mounting bracket 60. The third mounting bracket 59 and the fourth mounting bracket 60 are connected to the body 1 of the testing device. The coil mounting plate 58 is connected to the first sealing seat 61A, and the first test graphite sample 62A is fixed on the first sealing seat 61A during operation. The mounting plane of the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 is perpendicular to the ground. With the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 as the symmetrical plane, a reference graphite sample mounting seat 63 is mounted on the other side of the coil mounting plate 58 at a symmetrical position. The first reference graphite sample 64A is embedded inside the reference graphite sample mounting seat 63, and the structure of the first reference graphite sample 64A is completely identical to that of the first test graphite sample 62A.

[0015] For the vertical test apparatus, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 is connected to the first ambient temperature control box 42 and is located in the middle of the vertical loading member 28B; the second sealing seat 61B is connected to the sealing seat mounting bracket 75, and the sealing seat mounting bracket 75 is connected to the test apparatus body 1; when the second test graphite sample 62B is working, it abuts against the second sealing seat 61B through the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member 28B. With the horizontally placed electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 as the plane of symmetry, a second reference graphite sample 64B is embedded in a symmetrical position on the other side of the vertical loading member 28B. The second reference graphite sample 64B and the second test graphite sample 62B have the same structural form.

[0016] The first test graphite specimen 62A has a "T"-shaped structure with a circular groove 62A-1 at the top that abuts against the horizontal contact member 29A. A hollow groove 62A-2 is provided on the side of the handle that contacts the first sealing seat 61A. The circular groove 62A-1 and the hollow groove 62A-2 work together with the vertical load application system II to prevent the first test graphite specimen 62A from deflecting during the test. The contact surface between the first test graphite specimen 62A and the runway 9 is the first main sealing surface 62A-3, and the contact surface between the first test graphite specimen 62A and the first sealing seat 61A is the first auxiliary sealing surface 62A-4. The top surface 62A-5 of the extended side wing of the first test graphite specimen 62A is the displacement detection position.

[0017] The second test graphite specimen 62B includes a second main sealing surface 62B-1 that abuts against the runway 9, and a second auxiliary sealing surface 62B-2 that abuts against the second sealing seat 61B; the vertical loading member 28B has baffles on both sides to prevent the second test graphite specimen 62B from deflecting during the test, and a freely rotating vertical contact member 29B is installed between the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member 28B, which abuts against the second test graphite specimen 62B during the test; the displacement detection position is on the stepped surface 62B-3 of the second test graphite specimen 62B.

[0018] The friction and wear parameter measurement system V includes a displacement sensor 65, and a water cooling device 66 is mounted around the head of the displacement sensor 65.

[0019] For the horizontal testing device, the displacement sensor 65 is mounted on the adjusting base 67, the adjusting base 67 is fixed on the mounting arm 68, and the mounting arm 68 is connected to the third motor mounting bracket 49; the water cooling device 66 is bolted to the first horizontal support base 69A and the second horizontal support base 70A, and the first horizontal support base 69A and the second horizontal support base 70A are respectively connected to the third motor mounting bracket 49.

[0020] For the vertical testing device, the displacement sensor 65 is connected to the testing device body 1 via the mounting base 76; the water cooling device 66 is connected to the testing device body 1 via the first vertical support base 69B and the second vertical support base 70B.

[0021] The friction and wear parameter measurement system V can realize online measurement of wear amount s through displacement sensor 65, and can collect friction torque through torque sensor 4, and obtain friction coefficient f through friction torque conversion.

[0022] A test method for a graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device includes the following steps:

[0023] Step 1, track installation: Move the movable bearing seat 11 along the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 using the first servo motor 13, connect the track 9 to the bounce adjustment mechanism 8, and then install the movable bearing seat 11 onto the rotating spindle 7 again using the first servo motor 13.

[0024] Step 2, runout adjustment: Adjust the first adjusting bolt 8-6 to move the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 radially along the fixed disk 8-3 through the sliding groove, and detect the displacement value through the displacement sensor 65 until the runout meets the test requirements; symmetrically adjust the second adjusting bolt 8-7 to adjust the offset of the mechanism's center of gravity caused by the offset of the track 9, so that the center of gravity of the entire system is still through the axis of the rotating main shaft 7; tighten the nuts on both sides of the first double-ended stud 8-4 and the second double-ended stud 8-5 to fix the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2;

[0025] Step 3, start the water cooling:

[0026] If the test is conducted at room temperature, simply open the water-cooled circulation pipe of the high-speed motor.

[0027] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the high-speed motor water-cooling circulation pipe and the water-cooling device 66 water-cooling circulation pipe will be opened simultaneously.

[0028] Step 4, Rotary spindle dynamic balance adjustment: Start the high-speed motor and let the rotary motion system I idle. Use the host computer to read the data of vibration sensor 12. If the vibration amplitude is less than 5mm / s within one cycle, it is considered that the runout adjustment meets the requirements and the test continues.

[0029] Step 5, Obtaining idle torque: Connect torque sensor 4 to the host computer, start the high-speed motor, and make the rotary motion system I idle. Read and record the reading of torque sensor 4. Repeat this step multiple times and record the idle torque as the average value M0 of multiple tests.

[0030] Step 6, Graphite Specimen Installation: Place the test graphite specimen against the runway and sealing seat;

[0031] If the test is conducted at room temperature, no reference graphite sample is installed;

[0032] If the test is conducted at a specified temperature, the reference graphite sample will be mounted at a specified symmetrical position.

[0033] Step 7, Applying horizontal load: Start the second servo motor 30 to drive the pressure plate 35 to compress the spring 36, push the pressure plate 34 so that the loading ball 41 at the end of the horizontal loading rod abuts against the test graphite sample, initially apply the horizontal load, then manually adjust the third adjusting bolt 38, observe the reading of the force sensor 39, fine-tune the magnitude of the horizontal load until the test horizontal load condition is met.

[0034] Step 8, Applying vertical load: Without adding any weights 25 to the loading lever 23, rotate the adjusting counterweight 27 so that it rotates on the screw at the tail of the loading lever 23. After leveling the loading lever 23, apply the weights 25 and install the weight nut 26 to fix the weights 25.

[0035] Step 9, Ambient temperature adjustment: If the experiment is to be conducted at room temperature, turn on the infrared thermometer 53 and connect it to the host computer;

[0036] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are opened by the spindle of the third servo motor 48. After the thermocouple 55 is placed against the reference graphite sample, the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are closed by the spindle of the third servo motor 48. The infrared thermometer 53 is turned on and connected to the host computer. The power supply of the ambient temperature control box is turned on to start heating until the temperature of the ambient temperature control box reaches the set temperature.

[0037] Step 10, Friction and Wear Test: Connect displacement sensor 65 and torque sensor 4 to the host computer to read data, set the test speed and acceleration time, start the high-speed motor, and the rotary motion system drives the track 9 to rotate. The track 9 and the test graphite sample undergo a friction and wear test. The reading of displacement sensor 65 is the equivalent wear amount s of the test graphite sample. The conversion relationship between the friction torque M obtained through torque sensor 4 and the friction coefficient f during the test is as follows: Where F is the radial load magnitude and r is the runway radius;

[0038] Step 11, End of test, unloading: Stop the high-speed motor after the test time reaches the pre-designed test time;

[0039] If the experiment is conducted at room temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer 53, unscrew the weight nut 26, and remove all weights 25; move the horizontal loading rod away using the second servo motor 30;

[0040] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer 53, unscrew the weight nut 26, remove all weights 25, and turn off the heating and control system IV. Use the spindle of the third servo motor 48 to open the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45, and use the second servo motor 30 to move the horizontal loading rod away.

[0041] Step 12, Data Extraction: Remove the test graphite sample and extract the test data from the host computer;

[0042] Step 13: If another set of tests is required, clean the surface of runway 9 with sandpaper, then proceed to step 6.

[0043] Step 14, disassemble the runway: Move the movable bearing seat 11 along the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 using the first servo motor 13 to disassemble the runway 9;

[0044] Step 15: If the test requires changing the runway, proceed to Step 1.

[0045] Step 16, stop the test and restore the equipment: turn off the water chiller and host computer, turn off the main power, and store the test graphite sample and runway 9.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1. The device of the present invention can adjust the radial offset of the runway 9 by adjusting the relative position between the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 and the fixed disk 8-3, thereby realizing stepless adjustment of the radial runway 9 and better reflecting the dynamic response characteristics of the runway 9.

[0048] 2. The device of the present invention can detect the unbalance of the shaft system after the runout adjustment through the vibration sensor 12, so as to ensure that the dynamic balance accuracy of the shaft system meets the requirements.

[0049] 3. The device of the present invention enables the quick installation and disassembly of the movable bearing seat 11 through the movable bearing seat control mechanism, which facilitates the replacement of the track 9; at the same time, due to the high positioning accuracy of the first guide post 4 and the second guide post 5, the positioning accuracy of the rotating spindle 7 is greatly improved.

[0050] 4. Two different graphite specimen structures were designed for the horizontal and vertical test devices: the first test graphite specimen 62A and the second test graphite specimen 62B, which can effectively solve the problem of the change in load application direction caused by the change of device structure.

[0051] 5. Based on the actual graphite sealing ring structure, the device of the present invention adopts a ring-column surface contact and two-plane contact structure, which enables the track 9, the test graphite sample and the sealing seat to better reflect the contact characteristics of the bearing cavity sealing device, as well as the dynamic response characteristics of the test graphite sample to the track 9.

[0052] 6. The device of the present invention uses a lever weight device to load the test graphite sample in the vertical direction, and at the same time uses spring 36 to load the test graphite sample in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing bidirectional loading of the test graphite sample, reflecting the bidirectional loading characteristics of the graphite circumferential seal in the bearing cavity during operation, and enabling the study of the coupling effect of radial and axial bidirectional loading of the test graphite sample.

[0053] 7. The device of the present invention uses an electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 to continuously heat the test graphite sample at a constant temperature, the thermocouple 55 provides sensitive temperature feedback control, and the infrared thermometer 53 facilitates quantitative research on the influence of working conditions on the temperature of the friction contact interface between the test graphite sample and the runway 9; at the same time, the opening and closing of the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are realized automatically and manually, which facilitates the replacement of the test graphite sample. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the horizontal test device in Example 1.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating motion system I in Example 1.

[0056] Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the bounce adjustment mechanism 8 in Examples 1 and 2.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical load application system II in Example 1.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal load application system III in Example 1.

[0059] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the heating and control system IV in Example 1 Figure 1 .

[0060] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the heating and control system IV in Example 1 Figure 2 .

[0061] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of graphite sample 62A from the first test in Example 1.

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the V-shaped friction and wear parameter measurement system in Example 1.

[0063] Figure 10 The flowcharts are for the friction and wear test methods of Examples 1 and 2.

[0064] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical test device in Example 2.

[0065] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating motion system I in Example 2.

[0066] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical load application system II in Example 2.

[0067] Figure 14This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal load application system III in Example 2.

[0068] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of heating and control system IV in Example 2 Figure 1 .

[0069] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of heating and control system IV in Example 2 Figure 2 .

[0070] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of graphite sample 62B in the second test of Example 2.

[0071] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the V-shaped friction and wear parameter measurement system in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0073] Example 1, Horizontal testing apparatus:

[0074] Reference Figure 1 A graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device includes a rotary motion system I, a vertical load application system II, a horizontal load application system III, a heating and control system IV, and a friction and wear parameter measurement system V connected to the test device body 1. The test device body 1 connects all parts of the test device into a whole and supports the self-weight of the test device. The vertical load application system II abuts the test graphite sample against the track, providing radial load to the test graphite sample. The horizontal load application system III abuts the test graphite sample against the sealing seat, providing axial load to the test graphite sample. The rotary motion system I provides power for the rotational motion of the track. The heating and control system IV is arranged around the contact point between the test graphite sample and the track, providing the test environment temperature for the friction and wear test. The friction and wear parameter measurement system V is used to obtain the friction and wear parameters during the test. In this embodiment, the axis of rotation of the horizontal test device is parallel to the ground.

[0075] Reference Figure 2The rotary motion system I includes a horizontal high-speed motor 2A, a first coupling 3, a torque sensor 4, a horizontal torque sensor mounting base 5A, a second coupling 6, a rotary spindle 7, a runout adjustment mechanism 8, a raceway 9, a horizontal fixed bearing seat 10A, a movable bearing seat 11, a movable bearing seat control mechanism, and a vibration sensor 12. The horizontal high-speed motor 2A is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The output end of the horizontal high-speed motor 2A is connected to the input end of the first coupling 3, and the output end of the first coupling 3 is connected to the input end of the torque sensor 4. The torque sensor 4 is fixedly mounted on the horizontal torque sensor mounting base 5A. The mounting base 5A is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1; the output end of the torque sensor 4 is connected to the input end of the second coupling 6, and the output end of the second coupling 6 is connected to one end of the rotating spindle 7 to transmit power; the shoulder on the rotating spindle 7 is connected to the runout adjustment mechanism 8, and the runout adjustment mechanism 8 is connected to the raceway 9 by bolts; the rotating spindle 7 is mounted in the horizontal fixed bearing seat 10A and the movable bearing seat 11 by deep groove ball bearings. The horizontal fixed bearing seat 10A is connected to the test device body 1, and the movable bearing seat 11 is fixedly mounted on the bearing seat movable control mechanism and can be moved; a vibration sensor 12 is connected to the horizontal fixed bearing seat 10A.

[0076] Reference Figure 2 The bearing housing movement control mechanism includes a first servo motor 13, a horizontal first motor mounting bracket 14A, a first nut 15, a first guide sleeve 16, a second guide sleeve 17, a first guide post 18, a second guide post 19, a horizontal first guide post base 20A, and a horizontal second guide post base 21A. The first servo motor 13 is mounted on the horizontal first motor mounting bracket 14A, which is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The motor spindle of the first servo motor 13 is connected to the first nut 15 via a screw pair, and the rotation of the motor spindle of the first servo motor 13 can drive the first nut 15 to move. The first nut 15 and the movable bearing housing... 11 Connection; The movable bearing seat 11 is connected to the first guide sleeve 16 and the second guide sleeve 17 on both sides; The first guide sleeve 16 and the second guide sleeve 17 are connected to the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19, and the first guide sleeve 16 and the second guide sleeve 17 can slide along the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19; One end of the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 are respectively connected to the horizontal first motor mounting bracket 14A, and the other end of the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 are respectively installed in parallel with the horizontal first guide post base 20A and the horizontal second guide post base 21A, and connected by a threaded pair; The horizontal first guide post base 20A and the horizontal second guide post base 21A are connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1.

[0077] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3The bounce adjustment mechanism 8 includes a first circular sliding plate 8-1, a second circular sliding plate 8-2, a fixed plate 8-3, a first double-ended stud 8-4, a second double-ended stud 8-5, a first adjusting bolt 8-6, and a second adjusting bolt 8-7. The fixed plate 8-3 is connected to the shoulder of the rotating main shaft 7 by bolts. The fixed plate 8-3 has a trapezoidal step. The first circular sliding plate 8-1 and the second circular sliding plate 8-2 have trapezoidal grooves. The first circular sliding plate 8-1 and the second circular sliding plate 8-2 are radially displaced on the fixed plate 8-3 through the grooves. The first circular sliding plate 8-1 and the second circular sliding plate 8-2 are respectively connected to the track 9 by bolts. The first double-ended stud 8-4, the second double-ended stud 8-5, the first adjusting bolt 8-6, and the second adjusting bolt 8-7. The stud 8-4 passes through the through holes on the first circular sliding plate 8-1 and the fixed plate 8-3 and is fixed with a nut; the second double-ended stud 8-5 passes through the through holes on the second circular sliding plate 8-2 and the fixed plate 8-3 and is fixed with a nut; the first circular sliding plate 8-1 is equipped with a first adjusting bolt 8-6 and the second circular sliding plate 8-2 is equipped with a second adjusting bolt 8-7, which are used to balance the offset of the center of gravity of the mechanism caused by the adjustment of the runway 9, so that the center of gravity of the mechanism is located on the axis of the rotating spindle 7; at the same time, the vibration data during the test of the rotating motion system I can be collected by the vibration sensor 12 installed on the horizontal fixed bearing seat 10A, so as to realize the online real-time monitoring of the dynamic balance of the rotating spindle 7.

[0078] Reference Figure 4 The vertical load application system II includes a lever mounting bracket 22, a loading lever 23, a pin 24, a weight 25, a weight nut 26, a counterweight block 27, a horizontal vertical loading component 28A, and a horizontal contact component 29A. The lever mounting bracket 22 is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The loading lever 23 is mounted on the lever mounting bracket 22 via the pin 24 and can rotate around the pin 24. A weight 25 is fixed to the middle of the loading lever 23 via the weight nut 26. The tail of the loading lever 23 is connected to the counterweight block 27. Before applying the vertical load, the vertical load application system II can achieve mass balance through the counterweight block 27. The end of the loading lever 23 is threadedly connected to the horizontal vertical loading component 28A, and the lower end of the horizontal vertical loading component 28A is equipped with a horizontal contact component 29A. The load applied by the vertical load application system II of the horizontal test device is a radial load.

[0079] Reference Figure 5The horizontal load application system III includes a second servo motor 30, a second motor mounting bracket 31, a guide column support 32, a third guide column 33, a pressure plate 34, a pressure plate 35, springs 36, a second nut 37, a third adjusting bolt 38, a force sensor 39, a horizontal loading rod 40A, and loading balls 41. The second servo motor 30 is mounted on the second motor mounting bracket 31, which is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The worktable of the test device body 1 is connected to the guide column support 32. Four third guide columns 33 are connected to the guide column support 32 and the second motor mounting bracket 31 by nuts. The four third guide columns 33 pass through mounting holes on the pressure plate 34 and the pressure plate 35, respectively, and both the pressure plate 34 and the pressure plate 35 can slide along the third guide columns 33. Four springs 36 are installed between the pressure plate 34 and the pressure plate 35. The pressure plate 35 is connected to the second nut 37, which is connected to the motor spindle of the second servo motor 30 via a screw pair. The second servo motor 30 drives the pressure plate 35 to compress the spring 36, thereby achieving coarse adjustment of the horizontal load. The pressure plate 35, the second motor mounting bracket 31, and the third adjusting bolt 38 are connected. The third adjusting bolt 38 and the second motor mounting bracket 31 are threaded together. The end of the third adjusting bolt 38 rests on the pressure plate 35. Manually rotating the third adjusting bolt 38 can push the pressure plate 35 to move, thereby compressing the spring 36 and achieving fine adjustment of the horizontal load. The pressure plate 34 is connected to the force sensor 39 via a thread. The force sensor 39 is connected to one end of the horizontal loading rod 40A via a thread. The other end of the horizontal loading rod 40A is equipped with a loading ball 41. The load applied by the vertical load application system III of the horizontal test device is an axial load.

[0080] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7The heating and control system IV includes a first ambient temperature control box 42, a first mounting bracket 43, a first slide rail 44, a second ambient temperature control box 45, a second mounting bracket 46, a second slide rail 47, a third servo motor 48, a third motor mounting bracket 49, a third nut 50, a fourth nut 51, a hand crank 52, an infrared thermometer 53, a fifth nut 54, a thermocouple 55, a screw 56, an electromagnetic induction heating coil 57, a coil mounting plate 58, a third mounting bracket 59, a fourth mounting bracket 60, a first sealing seat 61A, a first test graphite sample 62A, a reference graphite sample mounting seat 63, and a first reference graphite sample 64A; the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the first... Mounting bracket 43 is connected to the first mounting bracket 43, which is connected to the first slide rail 44, which is connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1. The first mounting bracket 43 can slide through the dovetail groove on the first slide rail 44. The second ambient temperature control box 45 is connected to the second mounting bracket 46, which has an opening groove to prevent interference with the vertical load application system. The second mounting bracket 46 is connected to the second slide rail 47, which is connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1. The first mounting bracket 43 is connected to the third nut 50, and the second mounting bracket 46 is connected to the fourth nut 51. The third nut 50, the fourth nut 51, and the spindle of the third servo motor 48 are equipped with... The ball screw with forward and reverse thread engagement enables the automatic opening and closing of the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45. The third servo motor 48 is bolted onto the third motor mounting bracket 49, which is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. If the third servo motor 48 is de-energized, the screw rotation can be manually controlled by a hand crank 52 mounted on the extended shaft at the tail of the third servo motor 48, thus enabling the manual opening and closing of the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45. An infrared thermometer 53 is mounted on the third motor mounting bracket 49 via a fifth nut 54, and the third motor mounting bracket 49 is connected to a thermocouple 55 via screws 56. The first ambient temperature control box 42 has detection holes for an infrared thermometer 53 and a thermocouple 55. Electromagnetic induction heating coils 57 are installed inside the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45. The electromagnetic induction heating coils 57 are fixed inside the coil mounting plate 58. The coil mounting plate 58 is fixed to the third mounting bracket 59 and the fourth mounting bracket 60 by bolts. The third mounting bracket 59 and the fourth mounting bracket 60 are connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1. The coil mounting plate 58 is connected to the first sealing seat 61A. The first test graphite sample 62A is fixed to the first sealing seat 61A by an anti-rotation pin during operation to prevent the first test graphite sample 62A from moving during the test.The electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 is mounted on a plane perpendicular to the ground. A reference graphite sample mounting base 63 is mounted symmetrically on the other side of the coil mounting plate 58, with the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 as the symmetrical plane. A first reference graphite sample 64A is embedded inside the reference graphite sample mounting base 63. The structure of the first reference graphite sample 64A is completely identical to that of the first test graphite sample 62A. The temperature of the first reference graphite sample 64A is monitored by a thermocouple 55, and the ambient temperature is adjusted accordingly. The test temperature of the first test graphite sample 62A is measured non-contactly by an infrared thermometer 53, and the temperature is compared with the temperature measured by the thermocouple 55 to obtain the frictional temperature rise during the test.

[0081] Reference Figure 8 The first test graphite specimen 62A has a "T"-shaped structure with a circular groove 62A-1 at the top that abuts against the horizontal contact member 29A. A hollow groove 62A-2 is provided on the side of the handle that contacts the first sealing seat 61A. The circular groove 62A-1 and the hollow groove 62A-2 are designed to work with the vertical load application system II to prevent the first test graphite specimen 62A from deflecting during the test. The contact surface between the first test graphite specimen 62A and the runway 9 is the first main sealing surface 62A-3, and the contact surface between the first test graphite specimen 62A and the first sealing seat 61A is the first auxiliary sealing surface 62A-4. The top surface 62A-5 of the extended side wing of the first test graphite specimen 62A is the displacement detection position.

[0082] Reference Figure 9 The friction and wear parameter measurement system V includes a displacement sensor 65, a water-cooling device 66, an adjusting base 67, a mounting arm 68, a horizontal first support base 69A, a horizontal second support base 70A, and a torque sensor 4. The head of the displacement sensor 65 is surrounded by the water-cooling device 66 to prevent excessively high test temperatures from affecting the use of the displacement sensor 65. The displacement sensor 65 is mounted on the adjusting base 67, which is fixed to the mounting arm 68. The mounting arm 68 is connected to the third motor mounting bracket 49. The water-cooling device 66 is bolted to the horizontal first support base 69A and the horizontal second support base 70A, which are respectively connected to the third motor mounting bracket 49. The friction and wear parameter measurement system V can realize online measurement of wear amount s through the displacement sensor 65, and can collect friction torque through the torque sensor 4, and obtain the friction coefficient f through the friction torque.

[0083] Reference Figure 10 A test method using a graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 1, track installation: Move the movable bearing seat 11 along the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 using the first servo motor 13, connect the track 9 to the bounce adjustment mechanism 8 with bolts, and then install the movable bearing seat 11 onto the rotating spindle 7 again using the first servo motor 13.

[0085] Step 2, runout adjustment: Adjust the first adjusting bolt 8-6 to move the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2 radially along the fixed disk 8-3 through the sliding groove, and detect the displacement value through the displacement sensor 65 until the runout meets the test requirements; symmetrically adjust the second adjusting bolt 8-7 to adjust the offset of the mechanism's center of gravity caused by the offset of the track 9, so that the center of gravity of the entire system is still through the axis of the rotating main shaft 7; tighten the nuts on both sides of the first double-ended stud 8-4 and the second double-ended stud 8-5 to fix the first circular sliding disk 8-1 and the second circular sliding disk 8-2;

[0086] Step 3, start the water cooling:

[0087] If the test is conducted at room temperature, simply open the 2A water-cooled circulation pipe of the horizontal high-speed motor.

[0088] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the water cooling circulation pipe of the horizontal high-speed motor 2A and the water cooling circulation pipe of the water cooling device 66 will be opened simultaneously.

[0089] Step 4, Rotary spindle dynamic balance adjustment: Start the horizontal high-speed motor 2A to make the rotary motion system I idle. Use the host computer to read the data of vibration sensor 12. If the vibration amplitude is less than 5mm / s in one cycle, it is considered that the runout adjustment meets the requirements and the test can continue.

[0090] Step 5, Obtaining idle torque: Connect torque sensor 4 to the host computer, start the horizontal high-speed motor 2A, and make the rotary motion system I idle. Read and record the reading of torque sensor 4. Repeat this step multiple times and record the idle torque as the average value M0 of multiple tests.

[0091] Step 6, Graphite sample installation: Place the first test graphite sample 62A against the runway 9 and the first sealing seat 61A;

[0092] If the test is conducted at room temperature, the first reference graphite specimen 64A is not installed;

[0093] If the test is conducted at a specified temperature, the first reference graphite sample 64A is mounted at a specified symmetrical position;

[0094] Step 7, Applying horizontal load: Start the second servo motor 30 to drive the pressure plate 35 to compress the spring 36, push the pressure plate 34 so that the loading ball 41 connected to the end of the horizontal loading rod 40A abuts against the first test graphite sample 62A, initially applying the horizontal load. Then manually adjust the third adjusting bolt 38, observe the reading of the force sensor 39, and fine-tune the magnitude of the horizontal load until the test horizontal load condition is met.

[0095] Step 8, Applying vertical load: Without adding any weights 25 to the loading lever 23, rotate the adjusting counterweight 27 so that it rotates on the screw at the tail of the loading lever 23. After leveling the loading lever 23, apply the weights 25 and install the weight nut 26 to fix the weights 25. The ratio of the magnitude of the applied weights 25 to the magnitude of the vertical test load applied to the first test graphite sample 62A is 5:1.

[0096] Step 9, Ambient temperature adjustment: If the experiment is to be conducted at room temperature, turn on the infrared thermometer 53 and connect it to the host computer;

[0097] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are opened by a pair of reverse-threaded pairs on the main shaft of the third servo motor 48. After the thermocouple 55 is connected to the first test graphite sample 62A, the first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are closed by a pair of reverse-threaded ball screws on the main shaft of the third servo motor 48. The infrared thermometer 53 is then connected to the host computer. The power supply to the ambient temperature control box is turned on to start heating, and the ambient temperature control box temperature is maintained at the set temperature for 10 minutes.

[0098] Step 10, Friction and Wear Test: Connect displacement sensor 65 and torque sensor 4 to the host computer to read data, set the test speed and acceleration time, start the horizontal high-speed motor 2A, and rotate the motion system I to drive the track 9 to rotate. The track 9 and the first test graphite sample 62A undergo a friction and wear test. The reading of displacement sensor 65 is the equivalent wear amount s of the first test graphite sample 62A. The conversion relationship between the friction torque M obtained by torque sensor 4 and the friction coefficient f during the test is as follows: Where F is the radial load magnitude and r is the runway radius;

[0099] Step 11, End of test, unloading: Stop the horizontal high-speed motor 2A after the test time reaches the pre-designed test time;

[0100] If the experiment is conducted at room temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer 53, unscrew the weight nut 26, and remove the weight 25; move the horizontal loading rod 40A away using the second servo motor 30;

[0101] If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer 53, unscrew the weight nut 26, remove all weights 25, and turn off the heating and control system IV. The first ambient temperature control box 42 and the second ambient temperature control box 45 are opened by a pair of reverse-threaded ball screws on the main shaft of the third servo motor 48. The horizontal loading rod 40A is opened by the second servo motor 30.

[0102] Step 12, Data Extraction: Remove the first experimental graphite sample 62A and extract the experimental data from the host computer;

[0103] Step 13: If another set of tests is required, clean the surface of runway 9 with sandpaper, then proceed to step 6.

[0104] Step 14, disassemble the track: Move the movable bearing seat 11 along the first guide post 18 and the second guide post 19 using the first servo motor 13, remove the bolts on the track 9 and the bounce adjustment mechanism 8, and disassemble the track 9.

[0105] Step 15: If it is necessary to change runway 9 for testing, proceed to step 1.

[0106] Step 16, stop the test and restore the equipment: turn off the water chiller and host computer, turn off the main power, and store the first test graphite sample 62A and the runway 9.

[0107] Example 2, Vertical test apparatus:

[0108] Reference Figure 11 A graphite sealing material friction and wear screening test device, which differs from Example 1 in that the axis of the rotating main shaft of the vertical test device is perpendicular to the ground; the vertical load application system II abuts the test graphite sample against the sealing seat to provide axial load to the test graphite sample; and the horizontal load application system III abuts the test graphite sample against the track to provide radial load to the test graphite sample.

[0109] Reference Figure 12 The rotary motion system I differs from that in Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, the flange on the vertical high-speed motor 2B is connected to the motor mounting base 71, and the motor mounting base 71 is connected to the side wall of the test device body 1; the torque sensor 4 is fixedly mounted on the vertical torque sensor mounting base 5B, and the vertical torque sensor mounting base 5B is connected to the side wall of the test device body 1; the vertical fixed bearing seat 10B is fixed between the vertical first guide column base 20B and the vertical second guide column base 21B; the rotary spindle 7 is mounted in the vertical fixed bearing seat 10B and the movable bearing seat 11 through a deep groove ball bearing; the movable bearing seat 11 is fixedly mounted on the movable bearing seat control mechanism and can be moved; the vibration sensor 12 is connected to the vertical fixed bearing seat 10B.

[0110] The movable bearing seat control mechanism differs from that in Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, the first servo motor 13 is mounted on the vertical first motor mounting bracket 14B, and the vertical first motor mounting bracket 14B is fixed with nuts by the stepped surfaces of the end faces of the first guide post 4 and the second guide post 5. The other ends of the first guide post 4 and the second guide post 5 are respectively vertically mounted to the vertical first guide post base 20B and the vertical second guide post base 21B and connected by threaded pairs; the vertical first guide post base 20B and the vertical second guide post base 21B are connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1.

[0111] Reference Figure 3 The bounce adjustment mechanism 8 in this embodiment is exactly the same as that in embodiment 1.

[0112] Reference Figure 13 The vertical load application system II differs from that in Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, the vertical loading member 28B is installed on the head of the loading lever 23 and connected by a pin 72; a baffle is designed on the lower side of the vertical loading member 28B, and vertical contact members 29B are installed in the middle of both sides of the baffle; the load applied by the vertical load application system II of the vertical test device is an axial load.

[0113] Reference Figure 14 The difference between the horizontal load application system III and Embodiment 1 is that the vertical horizontal loading rod 40B in this embodiment adopts a U-shaped structure and is provided with a first support bracket 73 and a second support bracket 74; the load applied by the horizontal load application system III of the vertical test device is a radial load.

[0114] Reference Figure 15 , Figure 16 The heating and control system IV differs from that in Embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, the electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 is directly connected to the first ambient temperature control box 42 and is located in the middle of the vertical loading member 28B; the second sealing seat 61B is connected to the sealing seat mounting bracket 75; the sealing seat mounting bracket 75 is connected to the worktable surface of the test device body 1; when the second test graphite sample 62B is working, it abuts against the second sealing seat 61B through the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member 28B to prevent the second test graphite sample 62B from being damaged during the test. Deflection; with the horizontally placed electromagnetic induction heating coil 57 as the plane of symmetry, a second reference graphite sample 64B is embedded in a symmetrical position on the other side of the vertical loading member 28B. The second reference graphite sample 64B has the same structural form as the second test graphite sample 62B. The temperature of the second reference graphite sample 64B is monitored by thermocouple 55 and feedback is used to control and adjust the test environment temperature. The test temperature of the second test graphite sample 62B is measured non-contactly by infrared thermometer 53. The frictional temperature rise during the test is obtained by comparing the temperature measured by thermocouple 55 with that measured by infrared thermometer 55.

[0115] Reference Figure 17 The second test graphite specimen 62B includes a second main sealing surface 62B-1 that abuts against the runway 9 and a second auxiliary sealing surface 62B-2 that abuts against the second sealing seat 61B; the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member 28B can prevent the second test graphite specimen 62B from deflecting during the test, and a vertical contact member 29B that can rotate freely is installed in the middle of the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member 28B, which abuts against the second test graphite specimen 62B during the test; the displacement detection position is on the step surface 62B-3 of the second test graphite specimen 62B.

[0116] Reference Figure 18 The friction and wear parameter measurement system V includes a displacement sensor 65, a vertical first support base 69B, a vertical second support base 70B, a mounting base 76, a mounting cover 77, and a torque sensor 4. A water-cooling device 66 is mounted around the head of the displacement sensor 65 to prevent excessively high test temperatures from affecting its operation. The displacement sensor 65 is mounted on the mounting base 76 and secured by the mounting cover 77. The mounting base 76 is connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The water-cooling device 66 is bolted to the vertical first support base 69B and the vertical second support base 70B. The vertical first support base 69B and the vertical second support base 70B are respectively connected to the worktable of the test device body 1. The friction and wear parameter measurement system V can achieve online measurement of the wear amount s through the displacement sensor 65 and can collect the friction torque through the torque sensor 4, and calculate the friction coefficient f from the friction torque.

[0117] Reference Figure 10 A test method for a vertical test device for screening friction and wear of graphite sealing materials is disclosed. The difference from Example 1 is that in this example, the horizontal high-speed motor 2A is replaced with a vertical high-speed motor 2B; the first test graphite sample 62A is replaced with a second graphite sample 62B; the first sealing seat 61A is replaced with the second sealing seat 61B; the first reference graphite sample 64A is replaced with the second reference graphite sample 64B; and the horizontal loading rod 40A is replaced with a vertical horizontal loading rod 40B.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for screening the friction and wear of graphite sealing materials, characterized in that: The test apparatus includes a rotary motion system (Ⅰ), a vertical load application system (Ⅱ), a horizontal load application system (Ⅲ), a heating and control system (Ⅳ), and a friction and wear parameter measurement system (Ⅴ) connected to the main body (1) of the test apparatus. Based on whether the main axis of rotation of the rotary motion system (Ⅰ) is perpendicular to or parallel to the ground, it is divided into vertical and horizontal test apparatuses. The main axis of rotation of the vertical test apparatus is perpendicular to the ground, while the main axis of rotation of the horizontal test apparatus is parallel to the ground. The rotary motion system (Ⅰ) provides power for the rotation of the track. For the horizontal test apparatus, the vertical load application system (Ⅱ) presses the test graphite sample against the track, providing power for the test... The graphite specimen is subjected to a vertical load, and the horizontal load application system (Ⅲ) holds the graphite specimen against the sealing seat to provide a horizontal load. For the vertical test apparatus, the vertical load application system (Ⅱ) holds the graphite specimen against the sealing seat to provide a vertical load, and the horizontal load application system (Ⅲ) holds the graphite specimen against the runway to provide a horizontal load. The heating and control system (Ⅳ) is arranged around the contact point between the graphite specimen and the runway to provide the test environment temperature for the friction and wear test. The friction and wear parameter measurement system (Ⅴ) is used to obtain the friction and wear parameters during the test. The rotary motion system (I) includes a high-speed motor, the output end of which is connected to the input end of a torque sensor (4), the output end of which is connected to one end of a rotary spindle (7), the shoulder on the rotary spindle (7) is connected to a runway adjustment mechanism (8), and the runway adjustment mechanism (8) is connected to a track (9). The rotary spindle (7) is mounted in a fixed bearing seat and a movable bearing seat (11) through bearings. The movable bearing seat (11) is mounted on a bearing seat movement control mechanism, and a vibration sensor (12) is connected to the fixed bearing seat. The bearing housing movable control mechanism includes a first servo motor (13), the motor spindle of the first servo motor (13) is connected to a first nut (15), and the first nut (15) is connected to a movable bearing housing (11); a first guide sleeve (16) and a second guide sleeve (17) are connected to both sides of the movable bearing housing (11); a first guide post (18) and a second guide post (19) are connected inside the first guide sleeve (16) and the second guide sleeve (17); one end of the first guide post (18) and the second guide post (19) are respectively connected to the first motor mounting bracket, and the other end of the first guide post (18) and the second guide post (19) are respectively installed to the first guide post base and the second guide post base; the first guide post base and the second guide post base are connected to the body (1) of the test device; The bounce adjustment mechanism (8) includes a first circular sliding plate (8-1), a second circular sliding plate (8-2), and a fixed plate (8-3); the fixed plate (8-3) is connected to the shoulder of the rotating main shaft (7), and the fixed plate (8-3) is provided with a trapezoidal step. The first circular sliding plate (8-1) and the second circular sliding plate (8-2) are provided with trapezoidal grooves. The first circular sliding plate (8-1) and the second circular sliding plate (8-2) are radially displaced on the fixed plate (8-3) through the grooves; the first circular sliding plate (8-1) and the second circular sliding plate (8-2) are respectively connected to the track (9); The first double-ended stud (8-4) passes through the through holes on the first circular sliding plate (8-1) and the fixed plate (8-3) and is fixed with a nut; the second double-ended stud (8-5) passes through the through holes on the second circular sliding plate (8-2) and the fixed plate (8-3) and is fixed with a nut; the first circular sliding plate (8-1) is equipped with a first adjusting bolt (8-6) and the second circular sliding plate (8-2) is equipped with a second adjusting bolt (8-7) to balance the offset of the center of gravity of the mechanism caused by the adjustment of the runway (9); at the same time, the dynamic balance of the rotating spindle (7) is monitored online in real time through the vibration sensor (12).

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical load application system (II) includes a lever mounting bracket (22), which is connected to the worktable of the test device body (1). A loading lever (23) is mounted on the lever mounting bracket (22) by a pin (24). A weight (25) is fixed in the middle of the loading lever (23) by a weight nut (26). A counterweight block (27) is connected to the tail of the loading lever (23). A vertical loading member is threaded to the end of the loading lever (23). A contact member is installed at the lower end of the vertical loading member. The load applied by the vertical load application system of the horizontal test device is a radial load, and the load applied by the vertical load application system of the vertical test device is an axial load.

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal load application system (Ⅲ) includes a second servo motor (30), which is mounted on a second motor mounting bracket (31). The second motor mounting bracket (31) is connected to the test device body (1). The test device body (1) is connected to a guide column support (32). A third guide column (33) is connected to the guide column support (32) and the second motor mounting bracket (31). The third guide column (33) passes through the pressure plate (34) and the pressure plate (35) respectively. A spring (36) is installed between the pressure plate (34) and the pressure plate (35). The pressure plate (35) is connected to a second nut (37). The motor spindle of the second servo motor (30) is connected to the motor spindle via a screw pair; the pressure plate (35), the second motor mounting bracket (31) and the third adjusting bolt (38) are connected. The third adjusting bolt (38) is manually rotated to push the pressure plate (35) to move, thereby compressing the spring (36) and realizing the fine adjustment of the horizontal load; the pressure plate (34) is connected to the force sensor (39), and the force sensor (39) is connected to one end of the horizontal loading rod. The other end of the horizontal loading rod is provided with a loading ball (41); the load applied by the vertical load application system of the horizontal test device is an axial load, and the load applied by the horizontal load application system of the vertical test device is a radial load.

4. The test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating and control system (Ⅳ) includes a first ambient temperature control box (42) and a second ambient temperature control box (45). The first ambient temperature control box (42) is connected to the first slide rail (44) via a first mounting bracket (43), and the first slide rail (44) is connected to the body (1) of the test device. The second ambient temperature control box (45) is connected to the second slide rail (47) via a second mounting bracket (46), and the second slide rail (47) is connected to the body (1) of the test device. The first mounting bracket (43) is connected to the third nut (50), and the second mounting bracket (46) is connected to the fourth nut (51). The third nut (50) and the fourth nut (51) are connected to the ball screws with positive and negative threads on the spindle of the third servo motor (48). The screw thread fits together to realize the automatic opening and closing of the first ambient temperature control box (42) and the second ambient temperature control box (45); the third servo motor (48) is connected to the body (1) of the test device through the third motor mounting bracket (49), and a hand crank wheel (52) is installed on the shaft extending from the tail of the third servo motor (48); an infrared thermometer (53) is installed on the third motor mounting bracket (49) through the fifth nut (54), and the third motor mounting bracket (49) is connected to the thermocouple (55). The first ambient temperature control box (42) has detection holes for the infrared thermometer (53) and the thermocouple (55); electromagnetic induction heating coils (57) are provided inside the first ambient temperature control box (42) and the second ambient temperature control box (45). For the horizontal test device, the electromagnetic induction heating coil (57) is fixed inside the coil mounting plate (58), the coil mounting plate (58) is fixed on the third mounting bracket (59) and the fourth mounting bracket (60), the third mounting bracket (59) and the fourth mounting bracket (60) are connected to the test device body (1); the coil mounting plate (58) is connected to the first sealing seat (61A), and the first test graphite sample (62A) is fixed on the first sealing seat (61A) during operation; the mounting plane of the electromagnetic induction heating coil (57) is perpendicular to the ground, and with the electromagnetic induction heating coil (57) as the symmetrical plane, a reference graphite sample mounting seat (63) is mounted on the other side of the coil mounting plate (58) at a symmetrical position, and the first reference graphite sample (64A) is embedded inside the reference graphite sample mounting seat (63), and the structure of the first reference graphite sample (64A) is completely consistent with that of the first test graphite sample (62A); For the vertical test device, the electromagnetic induction heating coil (57) is connected to the first ambient temperature control box (42) and is located in the middle of the vertical loading member (28B); the second sealing seat (61B) is connected to the sealing seat mounting bracket (75), and the sealing seat mounting bracket (75) is connected to the test device body (1); when the second test graphite sample (62B) is working, it abuts against the second sealing seat (61B) through the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member (28B). With the horizontally placed electromagnetic induction heating coil (57) as the plane of symmetry, the second reference graphite sample (64B) is embedded in the symmetrical position on the other side of the vertical loading member (28B). The second reference graphite sample (64B) and the second test graphite sample (62B) have the same structural form.

5. The test apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first test graphite specimen (62A) has a "T" shaped structure with a circular groove (62A-1) at the top that abuts against the horizontal contact (29A). A slot (62A-2) is provided on the side of the handle that contacts the first sealing seat (61A). The circular groove (62A-1) and the slot (62A-2) are designed to work with the vertical load application system (Ⅱ) to prevent the first test graphite specimen (62A) from deflecting during the test. The contact surface between the first test graphite specimen (62A) and the runway (9) is the first main sealing surface (62A-3), and the contact surface between the first test graphite specimen (62A) and the first sealing seat (61A) is the first auxiliary sealing surface (62A-4). The top surface (62A-5) of the side wing of the first test graphite specimen (62A) is the displacement detection position.

6. The test apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second test graphite specimen (62B) includes a second main sealing surface (62B-1) that abuts against the runway (9) and a second auxiliary sealing surface (62B-2) that abuts against the second sealing seat (61B); the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member (28B) prevent the second test graphite specimen (62B) from deflecting during the test, and a freely rotating vertical contact member (29B) is installed in the middle of the baffles on both sides of the vertical loading member (28B), which abuts against the second test graphite specimen (62B) during the test; the displacement detection position is on the step surface (62B-3) of the second test graphite specimen (62B).

7. The test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction and wear parameter measurement system (V) includes a displacement sensor (65), and a water cooling device (66) is mounted around the head of the displacement sensor (65). For the horizontal test device, the displacement sensor (65) is installed on the adjustment base (67), the adjustment base (67) is fixed on the mounting arm (68), and the mounting arm (68) is connected to the third motor mounting bracket (49); the water cooling device (66) is connected to the first horizontal support base (69A) and the second horizontal support base (70A), and the first horizontal support base (69A) and the second horizontal support base (70A) are respectively connected to the third motor mounting bracket (49); For the vertical test device, the displacement sensor (65) is connected to the test device body (1) via the mounting base (76); the water cooling device (66) is connected to the test device body (1) via the first vertical support base (69B) and the second vertical support base (70B). The friction and wear parameter measurement system (V) can realize the wear amount through the displacement sensor (65). s The friction torque can be measured online and collected by the torque sensor (4), and the friction coefficient can be obtained by converting the friction torque. f .

8. A test method using the friction and wear screening test apparatus for graphite sealing materials according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, track installation: Move the movable bearing seat (11) along the first guide post (18) and the second guide post (19) using the first servo motor (13), connect the track (9) to the bounce adjustment mechanism (8), and install the movable bearing seat (11) onto the rotating spindle (7) again using the first servo motor (13); Step 2, runout adjustment: Adjust the first adjusting bolt (8-6) to make the first circular sliding disk (8-1) and the second circular sliding disk (8-2) move radially on the fixed disk (8-3) through the slide groove, and detect the displacement value through the displacement sensor (65) until the runout meets the test requirements; symmetrically adjust the second adjusting bolt (8-7) to adjust the offset of the mechanism's center of gravity caused by the offset of the track (9), so that the center of gravity of the entire system is still through the axis of the rotating main shaft (7); tighten the nuts on both sides of the first double-ended stud (8-4) and the second double-ended stud (8-5) to fix the first circular sliding disk (8-1) and the second circular sliding disk (8-2); Step 3, start the water cooling: If the test is conducted at room temperature, simply open the water-cooled circulation pipe of the high-speed motor. If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the high-speed motor water-cooled circulation pipe and the water-cooling device (66) water-cooled circulation pipe will be opened simultaneously. Step 4, Rotary spindle dynamic balance adjustment: Start the high-speed motor to make the rotary motion system (Ⅰ) idle. Use the host computer to read the data of the vibration sensor (12). If the vibration amplitude is less than 5mm / s within one cycle, it is considered that the runout adjustment meets the requirements and the test continues. Step 5, Obtaining Idle Torque: Connect the torque sensor (4) to the host computer, start the high-speed motor, and make the rotary motion system (Ⅰ) idle. Read and record the reading of the torque sensor (4). Repeat this step multiple times and record the idle torque as the average value of multiple tests. M 0; Step 6, Graphite Specimen Installation: Place the test graphite specimen against the runway and sealing seat; If the test is conducted at room temperature, no reference graphite sample is installed; If the test is conducted at a specified temperature, the reference graphite sample will be mounted at a specified symmetrical position. Step 7, Applying horizontal load: Start the second servo motor (30) to drive the pressure plate (35) to compress the spring (36), push the pressure plate (34) so ​​that the load ball (41) at the end of the horizontal loading rod abuts against the test graphite sample, initially apply the horizontal load, then manually adjust the third adjusting bolt (38), observe the reading of the force sensor (39), fine-tune the magnitude of the horizontal load until the test horizontal load condition is met; Step 8, Applying vertical load: Without adding any weights (25) to the loading lever (23), rotate the adjusting counterweight (27) so that it rotates on the screw at the tail of the loading lever (23). After leveling the loading lever (23), apply the weights (25) and install the weight nut (26) to fix the weights (25). Step 9, Ambient temperature adjustment: If the experiment is conducted at room temperature, turn on the infrared thermometer (53) and connect it to the host computer; If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, the first ambient temperature control box (42) and the second ambient temperature control box (45) are opened by the spindle of the third servo motor (48). After the thermocouple (55) is placed against the reference graphite sample, the first ambient temperature control box (42) and the second ambient temperature control box (45) are closed by the spindle of the third servo motor (48). The infrared thermometer (53) is turned on and connected to the host computer. The power supply of the ambient temperature control box is turned on and heating begins until the ambient temperature control box reaches the set temperature. Step 10, Friction and Wear Test: Connect the displacement sensor (65) and torque sensor (4) to the host computer to read data, set the test speed and acceleration time, start the high-speed motor, and the rotational motion system drives the track (9) to rotate. The track (9) and the test graphite sample undergo friction and wear test; the reading of the displacement sensor (65) is the equivalent wear amount of the test graphite sample. s The frictional torque obtained during the experiment was obtained through the torque sensor (4). M With coefficient of friction f The conversion relationship between them is: ,in F For the radial load magnitude, r The runway radius; Step 11, End of test, unloading: Stop the high-speed motor after the test time reaches the pre-designed test time; If the test is conducted at room temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer (53), unscrew the weight nut (26), and remove all weights (25); move the horizontal loading rod away using the second servo motor (30); If the test is conducted at the specified temperature, turn off the infrared thermometer (53), unscrew the weight nut (26), remove all weights (25), and turn off the heating and control system (Ⅳ). Open the first ambient temperature control box (42) and the second ambient temperature control box (45) through the spindle of the third servo motor (48), and move the horizontal loading rod away through the second servo motor (30). Step 12, Data Extraction: Remove the test graphite sample and extract the test data from the host computer; Step 13: If another set of tests is required, clean the surface of the runway (9) with sandpaper and then proceed to step 6. Step 14, dismantle the runway: Move the movable bearing seat (11) along the first guide post (18) and the second guide post (19) using the first servo motor (13) to dismantle the runway (9). Step 15: If the test requires changing the runway, proceed to Step 1. Step 16, stop the test and restore the equipment: turn off the water chiller and host computer, turn off the main power supply, and store the test graphite sample and the runway (9).

Images