Method for moving broken block data body to recover global paleostructural form

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, and discloses a method for moving a fault block data body to restore a global paleostructural form, which comprises the following steps of: dividing a hanging wall fault block data body into a plurality of unit bodies along a direction vertical to a section; and moving any unit body of the hanging wall fault block data body to the boundary of the section along the reverse direction of the sliding direction according to the step length, respectively calculating the seismic feature similarity of adjacent unit bodies on two sides of the section during each moving, and selecting the position with the highest seismic feature similarity as the optimal moving position of the unit body. And repeatedly moving the unit bodies until all the unit bodies of the loading broken block data body are moved. And repeating the steps until the fault block data body group in the multi-fracture active period is moved, and obtaining a global paleostructure form. According to the method, the change caused by the rotation motion of the fault can be offset, and the precision and accuracy of the recovered paleotectonic form are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and more specifically, to a method for moving fault block data to restore the global paleo-tectonic morphology. Background Art

[0002] Seismic data interpretation refers to determining the geological structure morphology and spatial position based on seismic data, and inferring the lithology, thickness and interlayer contact relationship of the strata.

[0003] The purpose of establishing a sequence stratigraphic framework is to form isochronous stratigraphic interfaces and determine the corresponding relationship between the ages of stratigraphic layers at different locations. The thickness of the stratum is determined by measuring the distance between the top and bottom surfaces. When there is a fault in the stratum, the fault plane separates the two fault blocks and causes them to slide relative to each other. The fault plane may be flat and smooth, or rough, or wavy. The top and bottom surfaces of the strata on both sides of the fault plane are dislocated from each other. The identification of the stratum thickness near the fault plane is disturbed by the fault plane, resulting in large errors and inaccurate understanding of the paleo-tectonic morphology.

[0004] Existing technology uses seismic data to restore two-dimensional paleostructures through two-dimensional balanced profile technology, but cannot accurately restore three-dimensional paleostructures.

[0005] In the prior art, only the upper or lower plate of the fault can be moved on a two-dimensional seismic profile to perform a two-dimensional paleo-tectonic morphology analysis. Therefore, this method can only solve the paleo-tectonic analysis of normal faults or reverse faults, but cannot complete the paleo-tectonic restoration of planar strike-slip faults.

[0006] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide a rapid analysis solution using three-dimensional seismic data volumes, to restore the three-dimensional paleostructure of the strata before the development of the fault by moving the block data volumes, and to restore the three-dimensional paleostructure morphology before various fault deformations including normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to at least solve one or more of the technical problems mentioned above, the present invention provides a method for moving a block data volume to restore the global paleo-tectonic morphology, comprising: a first step of acquiring a three-dimensional seismic data volume, stratigraphic layer data, and fault data; a second step of segmenting the three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the stratigraphic layer data and the fault data to obtain a multi-fault active period block data volume group and its seismic reflection reference layer; a third step of selecting the latest fault active period block data volume group; a fourth step of selecting the most marginal section on the latest fault active period block data volume group, determining the sliding direction of the upper plate block data volume of the section relative to the lower plate block data volume along the section according to the similarity of seismic characteristics, and dividing the upper plate block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along a direction perpendicular to the section; a fifth step of sequentially calculating the coordinate position of the central seismic data point of each unit volume.i , move each unit body in the opposite direction of the sliding direction to the boundary of the section according to the step length, calculate the seismic characteristic similarity between the unit body and the corresponding area on the other side of the section each time, and select the position of the central seismic data point of the unit body when the seismic characteristic similarity is the highest as the optimal coordinate position A for the move i , determine the movement vector of each unit cell All seismic data points on the unit body are referred to the moving vector Coordinate transformation is performed until all unit bodies of the upper plate block data body are moved; the sixth step is to smooth, interpolate, stretch and compress the seismic data on both sides of the section; the seventh step is to repeat the fourth step to the sixth step until the upper plate block data bodies of all sections of the latest fault activity period block data body group are moved, and a new three-dimensional seismic data body is obtained. After time-depth conversion, the seismic reflection reference layer is flattened to obtain the paleo-tectonic morphology of the latest fault activity period block data body group before the fault activity; the eighth step is to repeat the third step to the seventh step to obtain the global paleo-tectonic morphology before all fault activity periods.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the seismic characteristic similarity includes at least one of the similarity of the seismic wave event direction, the seismic wave velocity, the amplitude of the seismic reflection wave, the frequency of the seismic reflection wave, and the phase of the seismic reflection wave.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the seismic feature similarity is obtained by image structure similarity.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, dividing the upper plate block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along a direction perpendicular to the cross section includes: dividing according to the similarity of contour lines on a plurality of vertical sections.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the contour lines of the hanging plate block data volume on multiple vertical sections are obtained; the hanging plate block data volume is divided into multiple unit volumes, so that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit volume is less than 10%.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the deviation of the contour line is calculated by at least one of the following methods: mean square error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hash algorithm.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the unit cells have equal thickness.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hanging plate fault block data volume is evenly divided into a plurality of unit volumes according to a preset fixed width. Preferably, the fixed width is the distance between the survey lines.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step size is set according to the distance between the top interface of the upper plate fault block data volume and the lower plate fault block data volume.

[0016] By dividing the fault block data volume into multiple isotropic units and moving and restoring the stratigraphic structure in units, the true thickness, strike trend, and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratigraphic structure can be restored as a whole. By calculating the seismic characteristic correlation of the unit with the adjacent unit on the other side of the section according to the step length, the best position for moving can be determined, thereby accurately restoring the paleostructure. By moving the unit in the opposite direction of the sliding direction, the lower plate fault block data volume can be aligned with the upper plate fault block data volume in both the vertical and horizontal directions to restore the paleostructure.

[0017] In the present invention, the block data volume is moved in the opposite direction of the sliding direction, which has a wide range of applications and can be applied to the spatial restoration of ancient structures including normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults and other faults.

[0018] In the present invention, the authenticity of the restored ancient structure can be improved by dividing the upper plate block data volume into multiple unit volumes and performing reverse migration in units of the unit volumes.

[0019] In the present invention, the authenticity and accuracy of the restored ancient structure can be improved by analyzing the similarity of seismic characteristics of adjacent unit bodies on both sides of the section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic survey system is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a method of moving fault block data to restore the global paleo-tectonic morphology;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fault is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the division of the upper plate fault block data volume into multiple unit volumes;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the movement of the unit body in the opposite direction of the sliding direction is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms "include" and "comprising" used in the description and claims of the present invention indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the claims, the singular forms of "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification of the present invention and the claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0029] As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted as meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determining" or "upon detection of [described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]," depending on the context.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Seismic exploration is a method of geophysical exploration that uses artificially excited seismic waves to locate mineral deposits and obtain engineering geological information. Its basic principle is: artificially excited seismic sources generate seismic waves. When seismic waves propagate in rocks, if they encounter the interface of rock layers, they will generate reflected waves or refracted waves. When the reflected waves or refracted waves return to the ground, they are received by recording instruments such as geophones to form seismic data. Through the analysis, processing and comprehensive interpretation of seismic data, the burial depth and shape of the rock layer section where the seismic waves are reflected or refracted are determined, and accurate imaging of underground geological structures is achieved.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic survey system is shown.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, in the system 100, a plurality of mutually spaced detectors 110 for detecting seismic waves are arranged on the surface 101 of the exploration target area, forming a detector array covering the target area on a plane. These detectors 110 are connected to the seismic information processing device by wired or wireless connection, and a plurality of seismic sources 120 are also provided. The seismic information processing device can perform preliminary processing on the seismic data. The working process of the three-dimensional seismic exploration system is: artificially excite the seismic sources 120 located at multiple positions to generate seismic waves, which are reflected from the boundary of the stratum 102 and received by the detector array to form seismic information collected on a plane and changing with time. The seismic information received by the detector array represents certain measures of seismic wave energy as a function of time, such as displacement, velocity, wave impedance, pressure, etc. This information can be grouped in different ways, such as traces, sets, etc., and then processed or format converted according to the corresponding relationship between time and space to form a three-dimensional data body in the form of a three-dimensional array. It can also be said that the three-dimensional data body is formed by stacking interface points in space. The interpretation of three-dimensional data bodies can observe the morphology of geological interfaces from different directions and study the changes of geological bodies in three-dimensional space by cutting cross sections, longitudinal sections and horizontal slices.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in the formation model, the formation 102 includes faults. Figure 1 A normal fault 103 and a reverse fault 104 are schematically shown in FIG. A fault refers to the phenomenon that a stratum undergoes relative displacement along a fracture surface, and is a byproduct of tectonic activity. Faults play a very important role in controlling the migration, accumulation or destruction of oil and gas, and are closely related to the formation, distribution and enrichment of oil and gas reservoirs. A fault is composed of two important elements, namely, the relative motion of the rising plate and the falling plate, the dislocation surface of the relative motion of the stratum, or the upper plate block data body and the lower plate block data body, and the section. According to the manifestation of the relative motion of the fault, faults can be divided into four categories: normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults and bedding faults.

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the steps of a method for moving a block data volume to restore the global paleo-tectonic morphology is shown.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the method 200 for moving the block data volume to restore the global paleo-tectonic morphology comprises: a first step S201, obtaining a three-dimensional seismic data volume, stratigraphic layer data and fault data; a second step S202, segmenting the three-dimensional seismic data volume according to the stratigraphic layer data and the fault data to obtain a multi-fault active period block data volume group and its seismic reflection reference layer; a third step S203, selecting the latest fault active period block data volume group; a fourth step S204, selecting the most marginal section on the latest fault active period block data volume group, determining the sliding direction of the upper plate block data volume of the section relative to the lower plate block data volume along the section according to the similarity of seismic characteristics, and dividing the upper plate block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along the direction perpendicular to the section; a fifth step S205, sequentially calculating the coordinate position of the central seismic data point of each unit volume. i , move each unit body in the opposite direction of the sliding direction to the boundary of the section according to the step length, calculate the seismic characteristic similarity between the unit body and the corresponding area on the other side of the section each time, and select the position of the central seismic data point of the unit body when the seismic characteristic similarity is the highest as the optimal coordinate position A for the move i , determine the movement vector of each unit cell All seismic data points on the unit body are referred to the moving vector Coordinate transformation is performed until all unit bodies of the upper plate block data body are moved; the sixth step S206 is to smooth, interpolate, stretch and compress the seismic data on both sides of the section; the seventh step S207 is to repeat the fourth step to the sixth step until the upper plate block data body of all sections of the latest fault activity period block data body group is moved, and a new three-dimensional seismic data body is obtained. After time-depth conversion, the seismic reflection reference layer is flattened to obtain the paleo-tectonic morphology of the latest fault activity period block data body group before the fault activity; the eighth step S208 is to repeat the third step to the seventh step to obtain the global paleo-tectonic morphology before all fault activity periods

[0037] In the first step S201, the 3D seismic data volume is obtained by Figure 1 The data is collected by the three-dimensional seismic exploration system.

[0038] Stratigraphic data refer to the geometrical shapes and mutual combinations of sedimentary sequence units in a basin. They are established by orderly incorporating rock strata formed in the same era into the temporal stratigraphic framework of related ages for isochronous stratigraphic correlation.

[0039] Fault data is data containing the location and attitude information of faults. With the help of stratigraphic layer data and fault data, the location of the section, the attitude of the fault, the fault boundary and other information can be directly read in the 3D seismic data volume.

[0040] In the second step S202, the seismic data body includes multiple fault activity periods, each fault activity period corresponds to a seismic reflection reference layer, and the paleo-tectonic restoration is to flatten the strata along the seismic reflection reference layer to obtain the paleo-tectonic morphology of the fault activity period. The sections included in each fault activity period block data body group and the blocks on both sides of these sections affect the paleo-tectonic morphology of the restored ancient structure.

[0041] In the third step S203, as the beginning of the loop step of processing the fault block data volume group on both sides of each section, the latest fault activity period is selected each time so as not to affect the recovery of the next fault block data volume.

[0042] In the fourth step S204, when there are multiple sections in the block data body group of each fault activity period, the most edge end face is selected each time, so as to restore the block data bodies on both sides of each section in turn. In the present invention, the movement direction of the block data body is determined to be opposite to the sliding direction of the fault activity. The sliding direction of the block data body can be determined based on the similarity of seismic characteristics between the block data bodies on both sides of the section. When the section is in an inclined state, the block data body located above the section is the upper plate, and the block data body located below the section is the lower plate. When the section is in a vertical state, any one side is the upper plate and the other side is the lower plate.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the seismic feature similarity includes at least one of the similarity of the seismic wave event direction, the seismic wave velocity, the amplitude of the seismic reflection wave, the frequency of the seismic reflection wave, and the phase of the seismic reflection wave. The seismic feature similarity is obtained by the image structure similarity.

[0044] For example, using the SSIM function,

[0045] Where x and y represent the image features of the cross section of the upper wall fault block data volume and the lower wall fault block data volume at the cross section position, respectively. x is the mean value of x, μ y is the mean value of y, is the variance of x, is the variance of y, σ xy is the covariance of x and y. C1 and C2 are constants used to maintain stability. The value range of structural similarity is -1 to 1. When two images are exactly the same, the value of SSIM is equal to 1.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the sliding direction, the following method can also be used: obtaining the occurrence of scratches on the cross section of the fault. Observation of scratch lineation on the fault plane is a simple method to determine the sliding direction. Scratches are developed on most cross sections, and the occurrence of scratches can reveal the sliding direction. Four parameters can usually be used to control the occurrence of scratches: fault plane dip, fault plane dip, side angle of scratch lineation on the cross section, and total displacement of fault sliding. When determining the occurrence of the fault plane, it is necessary to fully consider the possible changes in the occurrence of the fault along the strike and along the dip. For example: if the fault plane is relatively straight, the terrain is strongly cut, and the fault line is well exposed, the occurrence of the fault plane can be determined according to the "V" shape rule of the fault line. The occurrence of hidden faults is mainly determined by geometric mapping methods based on drilling data. Geophysical data can also help determine the occurrence of fault planes. Small structures associated with and derived from faults can also help determine the occurrence of faults.

[0047] In the fourth step S204, if the block data body is moved as a whole, the restored ancient structural morphology may be inaccurate. For example, due to differences in stratum development conditions, the same stratum still has different thicknesses and irregular interfaces. When performing fault restoration, if the overall slip method is adopted, it may cause some interfaces to align, while the rest of the interfaces still have deviations. Based on this, in the present invention, the block data body is divided into multiple smaller unit bodies, and the division direction is basically perpendicular to the cross section.

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fault is shown.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, in the fault 300, between the hanging wall fault block data volume 302 and the footwall fault block data volume 301, the fault surface 303 generally has a certain degree of folding and undulating non-planarity.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the division of the upper plate block data volume into multiple unit volumes.

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the reverse movement unit body is shown.

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the unit body 3021 is formed by dividing the upper plate fault block data body 302 along the vertical section. The top and bottom interface extension trends and the physical and chemical properties of each part of the unit body 3021 are similar. The vertical section for dividing the upper plate fault block data body 302 maintains a non-zero angle with the cross section. Preferably, it is substantially perpendicular to the cross section.

[0053] In the fifth step S205, any unit cell of the upper plate fault block data volume is moved to the boundary of the section in the opposite direction of the sliding direction according to the step length. The similarity of the seismic characteristics on both sides of the section corresponding to the unit cell is calculated each time, and the position with the highest similarity of seismic characteristics is selected as the best position for the unit cell to move. Specifically, the coordinate position of the central seismic data point of the unit cell is used as the calculation object, and the moving vector is calculated. Where i is a positive integer, which indicates the unit cell number. The movement vector includes both magnitude and direction.

[0054] For example, the unit body 3021 is used as a unit to move in the opposite direction of the sliding direction 304, and the block is restored piece by piece. The step size can be set according to the spacing between the top interface of the upper plate block data body and the lower plate block data body. The smaller the step size is set, the more accurate the calculation result is, but the larger the calculation amount is. The larger the step size is set, the rougher the calculation result is, but the faster the calculation speed is. The step size can be adjusted according to the amount of calculation and the accuracy requirement of the calculation result. In the moving process, the similarity of the seismic characteristics between the regions of the lower plate block data body adjacent to it is calculated at each moving step, and the size of the region can be determined according to the unit body. Until the unit body 3021 is moved to the boundary of the section, multiple similarity results are obtained, and the optimal position can be screened out by comparing the multiple similarity results, and then the moving vector obtained by the center point is applied to each seismic data point of the unit body, and the unit body 3021 is moved to the optimal position. Then, the next unit body is continuously selected for similar movement until the upper plate block data body is moved. The similarity of seismic characteristics can be calculated using the aforementioned SSIM function.

[0055] In the sixth step S206, after the block data bodies on both sides of a section are moved, there is a high probability that there will be jagged and uneven surfaces on the top, which can be processed using existing technical means such as smoothing, interpolation, stretching and compression to make the top surface smooth.

[0056] In the seventh step S207, the above operation is repeated until the latest fault active period block data set is moved. The corresponding seismic reflection reference layer is flattened to obtain the paleo-tectonic morphology before the fault active period.

[0057] In the eighth step S208, the latest fault active period block data volume group is repeatedly selected until all fault active period block data volume groups are moved and flattened along their seismic reflection reference layers.

[0058] In the present invention, by dividing the block data volume into multiple unit volumes and moving and restoring the unit volumes as units, the changes in the original strata caused by the rotational movement of the fault can be offset, and the true thickness, strike trend, and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratigraphic structure can be displayed as a whole.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, dividing the upper plate fault block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along a direction perpendicular to the cross section includes: dividing according to the similarity of contour lines on a plurality of vertical sections. Specifically, the contour lines of the upper plate fault block data volume on a plurality of vertical sections are obtained; the upper plate fault block data volume is divided into a plurality of unit volumes, so that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit volume is less than 10%. The deviation of the contour line is calculated by at least one of the following methods: mean square error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hash algorithm.

[0060] When dividing the lower plate block data body, in order to ensure the identity of the internal parts of the divided unit body, especially to maintain consistency in the thickness of the layer, in an embodiment of the present invention, the consistency of the contour line on the vertical section is used as the criterion. For example, multiple vertical sections at the location of the upper plate block data body are obtained, the vertical sections are parallel to each other and keep a gap between each other, and the contour lines of each upper plate block data body on each vertical section are extracted to obtain multiple contour lines. The contour lines with similar positions and high contour similarity are clustered, so that the contour lines can be divided into multiple groups, each group corresponding to a unit body. In the above process, when other conditions are the same, the higher the sampling density of the vertical section, the higher the degree of identity inside the divided unit body. When other conditions are the same, the higher the similarity of the contour lines, the higher the degree of identity inside the divided unit body.

[0061] The deviation between the contour lines in each unit body is less than 10% or less than 5%. The deviation between the contour lines can be realized by using existing algorithms such as Euclidean distance, dynamic time warping (DTW), cosine similarity, Pearson correlation coefficient, Manhattan distance, dynamic kernel correlation (DKC), mean absolute error (MAE), etc., which will not be described in detail in the present invention.

[0062] Preferably, the mean square error method and the structural similarity index method are used to calculate the deviations of the contour lines respectively, and then the average is calculated.

[0063] Mean Squared Error (MSE): Calculate the difference between the pixels of two images, sum the squares of these differences, and finally divide by the number of pixels to get MSE. The smaller the MSE value, the more similar the images are.

[0064] Structural Similarity Index (SSIM): Score two images by comparing their brightness, contrast, structure, etc. The SSIM value is between 0 and 1, where 1 means that the two images are exactly the same.

[0065] Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR): Calculates the difference between the pixels of two images and sums the squares of these differences and then takes the logarithm. The higher the PSNR value, the more similar the images are.

[0066] Histogram Comparison: Compares the color histograms of two images to determine how similar they are.

[0067] Perceptual Hash (PHash): It converts images into binary strings by performing a hashing algorithm on them, and then compares the Hamming distance between the strings to determine the similarity of the images.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the unit cells have equal thickness.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fault includes a normal fault, a reverse fault and a strike-slip fault. In the embodiment of the present invention, the movement operation in three dimensions can be realized simultaneously, and it is applicable to the restoration of various faults.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the upper plate fault block data volume can also be divided into multiple unit volumes along the vertical direction according to a preset fixed width. This simple division method can be used when the accuracy required for solving the stratigraphic structure is low, such as the case of qualitative analysis of the stratigraphic structure. When a fixed width is used, the amount of calculation in the division process is small, which can reduce the dependence on computing power.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fixed width is the distance between the survey lines. Using the distance between the survey lines as the basis for dividing the unit volume can make the acquisition accuracy of the seismic data the same as the division accuracy of the upper plate fault block data volume.

[0072] In the present invention, by dividing the fault block data body into multiple isotropic unit bodies, and moving and restoring the stratigraphic structure in units of units, the true thickness, strike trend, and sedimentary characteristics of the original stratigraphic structure can be restored as a whole. By calculating the correlation of seismic characteristics according to the step length, the best position for moving the unit body can be determined, thereby accurately restoring the paleostructure. By moving the unit body in the opposite direction of the sliding direction, the lower plate fault block data body can be aligned with the upper plate fault block data body in both the vertical and horizontal directions to restore the paleostructure.

[0073] Although multiple embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art may conceive of many changes, modifications, and alternatives without departing from the thought and spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that in the process of practicing the present invention, various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be adopted. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of the present invention, and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the global paleo-tectonic morphology by moving the fault block data volume, characterized in that: include: The first step is to obtain three-dimensional seismic data volume, stratigraphic layer data and fault data; The second step is to segment the 3D seismic data volume according to the stratigraphic data and fault data to obtain a multi-fault active period fault block data volume group and its seismic reflection reference layer; The third step is to select the fault block data set of the latest fault activity period; The fourth step is to select the most marginal section on the fault block data volume group of the latest fault activity period, determine the sliding direction of the upper plate fault block data volume of the section relative to the lower plate fault block data volume along the section according to the similarity of seismic characteristics, and divide the upper plate fault block data volume into multiple unit volumes along the direction perpendicular to the section; The fifth step is to calculate the coordinate position O of the central seismic data point of each unit body in sequence. i , move each unit body in the opposite direction of the sliding direction to the boundary of the section according to the step length, calculate the seismic characteristic similarity between the unit body and the corresponding area on the other side of the section each time, and select the position of the central seismic data point of the unit body when the seismic characteristic similarity is the highest as the optimal coordinate position A for the move i , determine the movement vector of each unit cell All seismic data points on the unit body are referred to the moving vector Coordinate transformation is performed until all the unit volumes of the upper plate fault block data volume are moved; The sixth step is to perform smoothing, interpolation, stretching and compression processing on the seismic data on both sides of the section; Step 7, repeating Step 4 to Step 6 until the upper plate fault block data volumes of all sections of the latest fault activity period fault block data volume group are moved, obtaining a new three-dimensional seismic data volume, and performing time-depth conversion and flattening the seismic reflection reference layer to obtain the paleo-tectonic morphology of the latest fault activity period fault block data volume group before the latest fault activity period; Step 8: Repeat steps 3 to 7 to obtain the global paleo-tectonic morphology before all fault activity periods.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seismic characteristic similarity includes at least one of the similarity of the seismic wave event axis direction, the seismic wave velocity, the amplitude of the seismic reflection wave, the frequency of the seismic reflection wave, and the phase of the seismic reflection wave.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The seismic feature similarity is obtained by image structure similarity.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fourth step, dividing the upper plate block data volume into a plurality of unit volumes along a direction perpendicular to the cross section includes: Divide according to the similarity of contour lines on multiple vertical sections.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that include: Acquire the contour lines of the hanging plate fault block data volume on multiple vertical sections; The hanging plate block data volume is divided into a plurality of unit volumes, so that the deviation of the contour lines between each unit volume is less than 10%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The deviation of the contour line is calculated using at least one of the following methods: Mean square error method, structural similarity index method, peak signal-to-noise ratio method, histogram comparison method, and perceptual hashing algorithm.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The unit cells have equal thickness.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The upper plate block data volume is evenly divided into a plurality of unit volumes according to a preset fixed width.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The fixed width is the distance between the measurement lines.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the fifth step, the step length is set according to the distance between the top interface of the upper plate fault block data volume and the lower plate fault block data volume.

Images