Data tracking and tracing algorithm based on double block chains under meta-universe background

Abstract

The invention discloses a data tracking and tracing algorithm based on double block chains under the meta cosmic background, and the algorithm comprises the steps: 1, uploading virtual data in a meta cosmic space to a block chain, namely a data chain, calculating the hash value of the virtual data, and storing the hash value of the virtual data in the data chain; 2, introducing another block chain, namely a Hash chain, wherein Hash mapping exists between the Hash chain and the data chain; and step 3, introducing a chameleon signature technology, associating the virtual character of the universe with the biological characteristics by the chameleon signature technology, tracking through the identity parameter of the virtual character, and tracking the source of the malicious virtual character by using the reserved identity parameter. According to the method, the problems of difficulty in digital asset tracking and high traceability cost under the meta universe background can be solved, the traceability efficiency can be improved, different traceability schemes are adopted for different digital assets, and the traceability and safety of high value-added assets are considered while the data traceability efficiency is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a metaverse data tracking and tracing algorithm, and in particular to a data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the metaverse. Background Art

[0002] Satchidanandan et al. proposed a dynamic watermarking technology in 2017, which uses the indelible pattern of the imprint in the medium to detect improper behavior of malicious sensors or actuators (such as signal tampering). In addition, advanced watermarking technology can also be used to achieve intellectual property protection and ownership authentication in the metaverse. However, dynamic watermarking technology is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for copyright protection and content tracking, and its implementation and computational costs are relatively high. In the metaverse environment, it is not applicable to large-scale digital assets.

[0003] The following year, sin et al. designed a lightweight protocol to achieve data traceability in wireless communications, in which the RSS (received signal strength) indicator of the communicating IoT node is used to generate a unique link fingerprint. The link fingerprints are matched on the server side and the correlation coefficient is calculated. The higher the correlation coefficient value, the higher the percentage of secure data transmission. A lower value gives the detection of adversarial nodes between specific links. The source of the data can also be obtained by comparing the packet header with all available link fingerprints on the server. However, this scheme requires a centralized server to trace the data. In the context of the metaverse, the widespread adoption of blockchain makes this scheme not applicable.

[0004] In 2021, Wang et al. proposed a secure and auditable private data sharing scheme in the data processing as a service (DPaaS) model in smart grids. The scheme first proposed a blockchain-based framework for trustless private data computing and data usage tracking. Smart contracts are used to specify fine-grained data usage policies, while distributed ledgers maintain immutable and transparent records of data usage. However, relying solely on distributed ledgers to complete traceability tasks will result in low traceability efficiency. It is often necessary to traverse the entire ledger to track the publisher of digital assets, which will require a large time cost.

[0005] In 2022, Zhenyong Zhang et al. proposed a two-factor authentication framework based on chameleon signature and biometric authentication, aiming to ensure the identity traceability of virtual characters in the metaverse. The algorithm allows players to sign multiple virtual characters with a pair of keys, which improves computational efficiency and reduces storage costs. The algorithm is suitable for digital assets with higher value. In the architecture of this algorithm, it can be used as part of the traceability work for high value-added assets.

[0006] Xiao et al. proposed a new lightweight TCM traceability architecture (LBS-TCM) based on sharded blockchain in 2023. However, this scheme is designed for central servers, and lightweight blockchains rely on different sharded networks to work, which is not suitable for the metaverse environment.

[0007] In the same year, Harish AR et al. introduced a blockchain-based logistics financing network physical traceability system based on digital asset tokenization. The tokenization of digital assets brings visibility and traceability to the network (information flow) and physical (logistics flow) transactions of the supply chain. However, this solution still requires the tokenization of all digital assets, which is no different from the traditional digital signature method, and does not have the advanced nature of this algorithm that uses the blockchain itself to achieve digital asset traceability.

[0008] In 2024, Elapolu et al. proposed a new blockchain-based demand traceability framework that includes data acquisition templates and graph-based visualization. However, the algorithm is implemented on a small-scale data set, and its effectiveness for large-scale digital assets in the metaverse environment has not been verified.

[0009] Due to the lack of a trusted third-party server as an official verification platform in the metaverse environment, there is a need to trace a large number of digital assets. In order to protect the copyright of digital asset owners, it is necessary to establish an efficient tracking and tracing mechanism to track the data transmission process and trace it back to the specific data generation and modification operations. Summary of the invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the metaverse. The present invention can solve the problems of difficult digital asset tracking and high tracing costs in the context of the metaverse, improve the efficiency of tracing work, and adopt different tracing schemes for different digital assets, which can meet the needs of users in different metaverse backgrounds. While ensuring data tracing efficiency, it also takes into account the traceability and security of high value-added assets.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the metaverse. In the first step, the virtual data in the metaverse space is uploaded to a blockchain, namely the data chain, the hash value of the virtual data is calculated, and the hash value of the virtual data is stored in the data chain; in the second step, another blockchain, namely the hash chain, is introduced, and there is a hash mapping between the hash chain and the data chain.

[0012] Preferably, a third step is included, which is to introduce chameleon signature technology, which associates the virtual characters of the metaverse with biometric features, tracks them through the identity parameters of the virtual characters, and uses the retained identity parameters to track the source of malicious virtual characters.

[0013] Preferably, the hash chain stores the line tag information and uses a smart contract for scheduling. Each hash value is derived from the previous value. The hash chain can quickly locate the block where a certain data is located in the data chain.

[0014] Preferably, the hash chain connects nodes with or without graph switching, and the order between nodes is determined by voting.

[0015] Preferably, the chameleon signature technology is combined with the biometric authentication two-factor authentication to achieve the verifiability of the virtual identity of the virtual avatar in response to the problem of camouflage in the virtual space; the identity model of the virtual character is constructed based on the player's biometric template and the chameleon key to achieve the verifiability of the virtual character's physical identity.

[0016] Preferably, before the first step, the virtual data of the metaverse is screened and divided into general data and important data. The general data uses dual blockchains, and the important data uses chameleon signature technology.

[0017] Preferably, the important data is signed using chameleon signature technology to associate the biometrics of users in the metaverse with the important virtual data. On this basis, an operation log is established for the important data to record all subsequent operations of all users on the important data and subsequent transaction information.

[0018] Preferably, the hash chain in the double-layer blockchain first locates the block information where the data to be traced is located according to the line tag information. When the data is located in the hash chain, all operation records of the data can be retrieved according to the inherent characteristics of the blockchain. In this step, all operations and transaction information on the data can be obtained to meet the basic traceability requirements.

[0019] Preferably, the original data itself and the information tracing back to the user who uploaded the data are queried, and the corresponding block on the data chain is directly found through the position of the corresponding block on the data chain already obtained in the hash chain, so as to obtain the hash value of the virtual data, that is, the complete content of the virtual data, and lock the user identity of the publisher according to the record of the uploader in the data chain to complete the task of tracing the virtual data.

[0020] Preferably, the complete data content is extracted directly by retrieving the hash value of the chameleon signature of the data, and then the relevant information of the owner of the data is obtained, and all operation records and transaction information for important data are obtained through the records of the operation log; considering that the operation is designed to involve the privacy and security of the user, the reading of the hash value of the chameleon signature and the operation log need to be retrieved by the secret key of a trusted third party such as the metaverse service provider to prevent any user on the blockchain from being able to view this part of the information and thereby infringe the privacy and security of the virtual data owner.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: In order to realize the traceability of data and operation records after the fusion of virtual data in the context of the metaverse, this patent introduces a dual blockchain architecture and chameleon signature technology to quickly locate and verify specific data sets by tracking hash chains to achieve the traceability of the double-layer blockchain, which significantly improves the efficiency of data and operation record tracing; the chameleon signature technology associates the user avatars in the metaverse with digital signatures, tracks them through the identity parameters of the virtual characters, and uses the retained identity parameters to track the source of malicious virtual characters, but the computational overhead required by this method is relatively large, so this method is only used for important data. For general data, the dual blockchain architecture is still used to achieve the traceability of virtual data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the dual blockchain in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hash chain in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of data storage and data traceability in the context of the metaverse of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 A dual blockchain model was built on the remix platform and common smart contracts were written to calculate the gas consumption required for smart contract deployment. The cost example result chart is shown.

[0026] Figure 5Implement smart contract display for solidity language.

[0027] Figure 6 For the selection of virtual environment and deployment of blockchain.

[0028] Figure 7 In order to store the "test" data in the block, that is, there is a transaction of storing data in the block, the corresponding transaction cost, that is, the gas value, can be obtained. In this way, the cost overhead required for the block deployed by the present invention can be obtained.

[0029] Figure 8 In order to build the sawtooth docker environment in the Ubuntu virtual environment, the data transaction process is simulated in the local virtual environment to obtain the algorithm's running time and execution efficiency data.

[0030] Fig. 9 In order to write different consensus algorithms according to the requirements of sawtooth's official configuration file, the Byzantine consensus mechanism (PBFT) is taken as an example.

[0031] Fig.10 In order to build the required environment later, a blockchain is built in the virtual Docker. After the block is built, all transaction record information in the current block will be printed in the terminal.

[0032] Fig.11 What is shown is the result of retrieving all users in the blockchain and the result feedback of the stored data query data; subsequently, the effect of the present invention is tested for different numbers of blocks, and the time required for this architecture under different numbers of blocks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0034] Virtual data, in the metaverse environment, will have multiple forms, such as pictures, audio and video, text and other multimodal forms. This does not affect the subsequent tracing operations, so there is no need to classify them separately and they can be transmitted together to the metaverse space.

[0035] The dual blockchain architecture is as follows Figure 1As shown in the figure, firstly, all virtual data is uploaded to the data chain. This process mainly calculates the hash value of the virtual data and stores the hash value of all data in the data chain. Therefore, the hash value of all original virtual data can be retrieved in the data chain, that is, all original virtual data can be retrieved. On this basis, another blockchain is introduced, named hash chain. There is a hash mapping between the blockchain and the data chain, and it will store information such as line marks. The blockchain is scheduled separately using smart contracts. Each hash value is derived from the previous value. The blockchain can ensure that the hash chain can quickly locate the block where a certain data is located in the data chain. The specific structure of the hash chain is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Different from the traditional linear blockchain, the hash chain uses a directed graph (DAG) to connect nodes, and the order between nodes is determined by voting. The blockchain mainly uses the asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (ABFT) mechanism to propagate transactions through the underlying broadcast protocol, that is, each node can randomly select another node for synchronization. After creating a new event in the blockchain, the round of the node where the event is located is determined according to whether the current node is mutually visible to more than 2 / 3 of the nodes in the previous round; after all nodes have determined the round, the first event in each round is voted to verify whether it is famous (that is, whether it is recognized by more than 2 / 3 of the number of nodes); finally, the round information of the famous nodes is sorted. The round information here corresponds to the line information described below. If the round information is the same, it can be sorted according to the timestamps established by different nodes. After the hash chain is established, for example, when we need to locate the node in line A, we do not need to traverse like the traditional linear blockchain to track the data in the node. With the help of the hash chain, we can directly locate the target we need to track from line A according to the line mark, which can greatly improve the tracking efficiency of the traceability algorithm.

[0036] Chameleon signature technology, the so-called chameleon signature technology is mainly combined with biometric authentication and two-factor authentication. This digital signature technology mainly targets the problem of disguise in virtual space and can realize the verifiability of the virtual identity of the virtual avatar. It is mainly based on the player's biometric template and chameleon key to build the identity model of the virtual character to realize the verifiability of the physical identity of the virtual character. Any attempt to forge the identity of the virtual character requires forging biometrics and corresponding inspection parameters, which is very difficult without the chameleon private key. Therefore, the framework provides a mechanism to track the source of malicious virtual characters through retained identity parameters.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the tracking algorithm process for data storage and operation records is as follows: In the storage stage of virtual data in the metaverse, such as Figure 3As shown in the data storage, the data uploaded by the user and the operation records are first screened and classified into general data and important data according to their importance. This screening mechanism is mainly defined by the user. For example, when uploading data to the Metaverse environment, the user needs to divide the importance of virtual data according to his or her own needs. The divided labels will be added after the virtual data in binary form, and the label value can be directly queried later to distinguish the importance of different data. If it is general data, the hash value of the data is calculated first, and the unique hash value is recorded on the data chain in the two-layer blockchain architecture; if it is important data, the Chameleon signature technology is used to sign the important data, and the biometric characteristics of the user in the Metaverse are associated with the important virtual data. On this basis, an operation log is established for the important data to record all subsequent users' operations on the important data and subsequent transaction information.

[0038] In the tracing stage, Figure 3 As shown in the data traceability, the tracing algorithm process for data and operation records is as follows: After the problem data is found, the corresponding importance labels can be obtained in the virtual data through the screening mechanism mentioned above, so as to divide the importance of the data that needs to be traced. If the data is general data, the hash chain in the double-layer blockchain first locates the block information where the data that needs to be traced is located according to the line tag information, that is, the specific location of the data in the data chain is obtained. While locating the data in the hash chain, all operation records of the data can be retrieved according to the inherent characteristics of the blockchain. In this step, all operations and transaction information for the data can be obtained to complete the basic traceability requirements. If you need to query the original data itself and trace the information of the user who uploaded the data, you can directly find the corresponding block on the data chain through the position of the corresponding block on the data chain that has been obtained in the hash chain, and then obtain the hash value of the virtual data, that is, the complete content of the virtual data, and lock the user identity of the publisher according to the record of the uploader in the data chain to complete the traceability task of the virtual data. If the classified data is important data, the complete data content can be extracted directly by retrieving the hash value of the chameleon signature of the data, and then the relevant information of the owner of the data can be obtained. All operation records and transaction information for important data can be obtained through the operation log. Considering that the operation is designed to involve the privacy and security of users, the reading of the hash value of the chameleon signature and the operation log need to be retrieved by a trusted third party such as the secret key of the metaverse service provider to prevent any user on the blockchain from being able to view this part of the information and thus infringe the privacy and security of the virtual data owner.

[0039] The reason why we must adopt a dual blockchain structure that combines data chain and hash chain is that in the context of the metaverse, there will be transactions for virtual data. If a separate data chain or hash chain is used, transactions for virtual data will cause the same data to generate different transaction blocks in the blockchain and store them in different blocks. In the process of blockchain traceability, it is necessary to traverse the entire blockchain to obtain the relevant information of the original publisher of the virtual data, that is, the source of the virtual data. The dual blockchain structure can solve this problem in a two-dimensional form. Through the mapping relationship between the hash chain and the data chain, it is possible to directly locate the block where the transaction of uploading data is located in the data chain, and then determine the source information of the data.

[0040] First, a dual blockchain model was built on the remix platform and common smart contracts were written to calculate the gas value consumption (deployment cost) required for smart contract deployment. The specific process is to write smart contracts such as user identity authentication, data upload, data query, data transaction, data traceability, cross-chain communication, etc. on the existing remix blockchain construction platform, and use the Solidity language to implement smart contracts; and use the existing platform functions, namely the virtual environment of Remix VM (Shanghai) to deploy the blockchain; the subsequent supplementary pictures demonstrate the gas cost results brought about by the operations in the block. The cost example results are as follows Figure 4 shown. Figure 5 Implement smart contract display for solidity language. Figure 6 For the selection of virtual environment and deployment of blockchain. Figure 7 For example, if "test" data is stored in a block, that is, there is a transaction of storing data in the block, the corresponding transaction cost, that is, the gas value, can be obtained. In this way, the cost overhead required for the block deployed by the present invention can be obtained.

[0041] Secondly, we built the sawtooth docker environment in the Ubuntu virtual environment and simulated the data transaction process in the local virtual environment to obtain the algorithm's running time and execution efficiency data. Figure 8 The specific process is to write different consensus algorithms according to the requirements of the official configuration file of sawtooth. Take the Byzantine consensus mechanism (PBFT) as an example. Fig. 9 As shown; then build the required environment and build a blockchain in the virtual Docker. After the block is built, all transaction record information in the current block will be printed in the terminal, such as Fig.10 As shown; on this basis, data storage and traceability operations can be performed in the blockchain, such as Fig.11What is shown is the result of retrieving all users in the blockchain and the result feedback of the stored data query data; subsequently, the effect of the present invention is tested for different numbers of blocks, and the time required for this architecture under different numbers of blocks. Example

[0042] Give examples of actual data traceability.

[0043] First, in the context of the cloud universe, if a legitimate user wants to upload local data to the metaverse, he needs to define the importance of his data, and use binary labels to mark important data as 1 and general important data as 0. After the data is uploaded to the metaverse, the trusted third party (provider of the metaverse service) will generate a pair of secret keys for each data, marked as key1, one part of which is owned by the trusted third party and the other part is owned by the owner of the data. The key key1 is mainly used to retrieve the original content of the virtual data according to the hash value. This information can only be obtained by the trusted third party and the owner of the data to maintain the ownership of the virtual data, and the hash value of the virtual data is calculated using the hash function, recorded as hash α. If the importance label value of the data is 1 (important data), the hash calculation result of the digital signature of the previous technology of Chameleon will be added to the hash value of the data, recorded as hash β. Hash β will incorporate the biometrics of the user of the data to confirm the identity information of the owner of the virtual data. At the same time, a record is generated for the important data in the operation log, including the operation of the data owner uploading the data. If there are subsequent data transactions or data changes, they will be recorded in the operation log. Only trusted third parties and data owners can access the operation log using key1.

[0044] If the importance label value of the data is 0 (general data), the hash value of the data will be uploaded to the block of the data chain, and the hash value of the data in the data chain and the information of the block will be packaged and stored in the hash chain. In the process of adding to the hash chain, the order of the new node needs to be determined by the voting results of other nodes. After the new node successfully joins the blockchain, the corresponding line label result will be assigned for fast search of the hash chain, thereby realizing the subsequent hash chain for the data chain. Quick positioning query operation tasks. If there are subsequent data transactions or data changes, they will be recorded in the hash chain by generating new nodes. It should be noted that the data chain itself is open to all users in the metaverse. Everyone can see the hash values ​​of different virtual data and all transaction records, but the content of the data itself cannot be obtained only through the hash value; accordingly, in the hash chain, only trusted third parties and the owner of the data itself have the right to obtain the information of the block in the hash chain. This operation is mainly implemented through smart contracts, which limits the reading rights of users in different blockchains to the information in the block.

[0045] At this point, the data storage process is basically completed.

[0046] If there are malicious transactions or malicious data, or if the data purchaser needs to verify the data owner's legal ownership of the transaction data during the user transaction, or if infringement occurs and the ownership of the virtual data needs to be traced and evidence collected for the arbitration agency's determination, the following data tracing operations will be required.

[0047] First, based on the information of the data itself, the importance label of the data can be obtained. If the importance label value is 1 (important data), a trusted third party can retrieve and decrypt the chameleon signature information of the important data based on the secret key1, and then determine the identity information of the owner of the virtual data. In addition, all operation records and transaction information for the important data can be queried by retrieving the operation log to complete the data traceability task. If the importance label value is 0 (general data), the trusted third party can locate the relevant information of the data more quickly from the hash chain (mainly to obtain the block information in the data chain), including the historical transaction information and operation records of the data, and then obtain the publisher of the virtual data by retrieving the corresponding block in the data chain, thus completing the traceability task of the virtual data.

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse, characterized by: The first step is to upload the virtual data in the metaverse space to a blockchain, i.e. a data chain, calculate the hash value of the virtual data, and store the hash value of the virtual data in the data chain; The second step is to introduce another blockchain, namely the hash chain, and there is a hash mapping between the hash chain and the data chain.

2. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 1 is characterized by: It also includes a third step, which is to introduce chameleon signature technology. Chameleon signature technology associates the virtual characters of the metaverse with biometrics, tracks them through the identity parameters of the virtual characters, and uses the retained identity parameters to track the source of malicious virtual characters.

3. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hash chain stores line mark information and uses smart contracts for scheduling. Each hash value is derived from the previous value. The hash chain can quickly locate the block where a certain data is located in the data chain.

4. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 3 is characterized by: The hash chain uses graph replacement to connect nodes, and the order between nodes is determined by voting.

5. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 2 is characterized by: The combination of chameleon signature technology and biometric authentication two-factor authentication can achieve the verifiability of the virtual identity of the virtual avatar to address the problem of camouflage in virtual space; the identity model of the virtual character is built based on the player's biometric template and chameleon key to achieve the verifiability of the virtual character's physical identity.

6. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 2 is characterized by: Before the first step, the virtual data of the metaverse is screened and divided into general data and important data. General data uses dual blockchains, and important data uses chameleon signature technology.

7. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 6 is characterized by: Important data is signed using chameleon signature technology to associate the biometrics of users in the metaverse with important virtual data. On this basis, an operation log is created for the important data to record all subsequent operations of all users on the important data and subsequent transaction information.

8. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 3 is characterized by: The hash chain in the double-layer blockchain first locates the block information where the data to be traced is located based on the line tag information. When the data is located in the hash chain, all operation records of the data can be retrieved based on the inherent characteristics of the blockchain. In this step, all operations and transaction information on the data can be obtained to meet basic traceability requirements.

9. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 8 is characterized by: Once the original data itself and the information tracing back to the user who uploaded the data are queried, the corresponding block on the data chain can be directly found through the position of the corresponding block on the data chain that has been obtained in the hash chain, and then the hash value of the virtual data, that is, the complete content of the virtual data, is obtained. The user identity of the publisher is locked according to the record of the uploader in the data chain to complete the task of tracing the virtual data.

10. The data tracking and tracing algorithm based on dual blockchains in the context of the Metaverse according to claim 7 is characterized by: By directly calling the hash value of the chameleon signature of the data, the complete data content can be extracted, and then the relevant information of the owner of the data can be obtained. All operation records and transaction information for important data can be obtained through the operation log records; Taking into account the privacy and security of users involved in this operation, the reading of the hash value of the Chameleon signature and the operation log require the retrieval of the secret key of a trusted third party such as the Metaverse service provider to prevent any user on the blockchain from being able to view this information and infringe on the privacy and security of the virtual data owner.

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