Stator for electric motor or generator, in particular for outer rotor motor

Abstract

The stator has an annular region from which the teeth (1, 2) protrude. The teeth each have an arm (4), which extends from the annular region, has a web (5) at the free end, which extends transversely to the annular region, and carries at least one winding. The winding has at least one coil (SP1) wound by a winding wire (43) and is arranged in a winding space (54, 55) extending from the annular region. The winding space (54, 55) is divided by at least one separating web (14, 15) into winding sections arranged on the arm (4) in succession. By means of the separating webs (14, 15), the respective winding space sections (54, 55) can be coordinated with the wire diameter and the number of turns in such a way that the wire start and the wire end can be arranged in a radially inner annular region of the stator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a stator for an electric motor or generator, in particular for an external rotor motor, according to the preamble of claim 1 . Background Art

[0002] The winding of the stator is usually produced by means of a so-called orthogonal winding process. In this process, the first layer of the coil is wound in such a way that each turn intersects the axis orthogonally, that is, at right angles, over a large part of its circumference. In previous orthogonal windings, in particular in adjacent teeth wound in succession and in coils wound one above the other (for example, for the parallel connection of coils), there is the problem that the wire start and end for contacting in an external rotor motor should be located in the area of ​​the inner diameter. However, this is not possible for all desired combinations of wire diameter and number of turns, since, for example, the last turn is located in the area of ​​the tooth center and in the most unfavorable case the winding direction runs from the radial inside to the outside. If in this case the winding wire were to be guided directly radially inwards, this would result in a pull-back of the winding wire, so that loose wires could be produced. These wires can cause problems during further winding or later when the stator is used.

[0003] Another problem is that there is a lack of space for the wire or the winding needles required for winding in the radially inner region. The gaps between adjacent teeth of the stator taper radially inwardly, so that there is less space for the winding wire in the radially inner annular region than in the radially outer region.

[0004] If the winding wire is to be passed from one tooth to another, the last turn of the winding wire must be located in the radially inner annular region in order to be able to wind around this tooth after the wire has transitioned to the adjacent tooth.

[0005] In order to influence the position of the wire end, it is known to place the beginning of the winding wire in a more favorable position through a slot in the end side of an insulating element, such as an insulating disk. However, if the number of turns is too high, a new layer must be started during winding, so that there is not enough space available for the winding or the winding needle in the coil wound on the first coil. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to design a stator of this type in such a way that simple and reliable winding is possible.

[0007] This object is achieved according to the invention for a stator of this type by means of the characterizing features of claim 1 .

[0008] In the stator according to the invention, the winding space is divided by at least one separating web into winding space segments which are arranged in sequence on the arms of the teeth. The respective winding space segments can be coordinated with the wire diameter and the number of turns by means of the separating webs in such a way that the wire start and the wire end can be arranged in a radially inner annular region of the stator. Due to the design according to the invention, it is possible to also arrange the transition of the winding wire from one tooth to another in the radially inner annular region. The separating webs can be arranged according to the diameter and the number of turns of the winding wire in such a way that a matching distribution of the winding is achieved, so that the wire end and the wire start are located in the annular region and the wire transition from one tooth to another can also be carried out in this region.

[0009] The separating webs are advantageously arranged on the upper and lower sides of the stator teeth, thereby ensuring a flawless winding of the stator teeth.

[0010] In an advantageous embodiment, the separating webs are arranged such that the winding space sections are of different lengths. Thus, the radially outer winding space section can be shorter in the radial direction of the tooth than the radially inner winding space section. Since the distance between adjacent teeth is greater in the region of the radially outer winding space section than in the region of the radially inner winding space section, the radially outer winding space section can be filled preferentially with winding wire, so that for this purpose space can be used in the radially inner winding space section for the wire start and wire end or for the transition to the next tooth.

[0011] In an advantageous embodiment, the separating webs of at least some of the teeth have a passage for the winding wire on the upper side or the lower side. Through this passage, the winding wire can be easily guided from one winding space section to another winding space section during the winding process.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the guide extends at an angle oblique to the longitudinal direction of the tooth. The winding wire accordingly extends obliquely when passing through the channel. The so-called routing angle should advantageously be as small as possible so that the winding wire does not collide with the chute body radially delimiting the winding space section or with the tooth in the region of the channel.

[0013] The separating web is preferably positioned on the tooth in such a way that the end of the coil or the winding wire lies on the annular region.

[0014] In order to ensure a defect-free winding, in an advantageous embodiment the radially inner winding space section has a width in the circumferential direction of the stator such that the number of layers of the coil in this winding space section is an even number.

[0015] Advantageously, the radially outer winding space section has a width in the circumferential direction of the stator such that the number of coil layers in this winding space section is multiple times the number of layers in the radially inner winding space section. This makes it possible to guide the winding wire laterally through the separating webs in a simple and reliable manner when producing further layers without adversely affecting the winding.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the separating web with the channel measured at the foot of the separating web is an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding wire. Such a design advantageously helps in that in the winding of the second coil, in particular in the orthogonal winding, the winding wire can be wound through the separating web.

[0017] Simple guidance of the winding wire is facilitated if at least one slotted member for deflecting the winding wire is provided at the free end of the arm of the tooth.

[0018] Advantageously, the slotted guide body radially delimits a radially outer winding space section.

[0019] In order to ensure that the winding wire is guided flawlessly in the region of the slot body and / or the deflecting body during the winding process, these are provided with at least one axial securing element. This prevents the winding wire from slipping axially from the slot body and / or from the deflecting body during the winding process.

[0020] A reliable and defect-free fixation is advantageously achieved if the axial securing element projects laterally from the link body and / or the deflection element.

[0021] Advantageously, the separating web is part of an insulating element which lies against the end face of the tooth and is composed of a non-conductive material.

[0022] Advantageously, the insulating element is an insulating disk which is arranged on the end face of a tooth of the stator.

[0023] Instead of an insulating disk, the separating web can also be provided as part of the injection-molded coating of the stator assembly.

[0024] The solution of the present application is derived not only from the solutions of the respective claims, but also from all the descriptions and features disclosed in the drawings and the specification. Even if these descriptions and features are not solutions of the claims, they are also claimed as important contents of the present invention, as long as these descriptions and features are new with respect to the prior art individually or in combination.

[0025] Further features of the invention emerge from the further claims, the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 The switching side of the stator according to the invention is shown in a perspective view in the unwound state,

[0028] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view showing Figure 1 The lower side of the stator according to the invention,

[0029] Figure 3 A portion of the switching side of a stator according to the invention without winding is shown in perspective and in an enlarged view,

[0030] Figure 4 A further view shows a part of the switching side of a stator according to the invention in perspective and in an enlarged view,

[0031] Figure 5 A section of a switching side of a stator according to the invention with winding wires of a first coil is shown in a plan view and in an enlarged view.

[0032] Figure 6 A portion of the underside of a stator according to the invention is shown in perspective and in an enlarged view, wherein the beginning and the end of a first coil are shown,

[0033] Figure 7 Corresponding to Figure 5 The view of FIG. 1 shows the winding of the stator, wherein the first coil is located on the switching side,

[0034] Figure 8 Corresponding to Figure 7 The view shows the winding of the second coil,

[0035] Fig. 9 The wire laying of the second coil on the underside of the stator is shown in a perspective view,

[0036] Fig.10 shows the winding of the second coil on the switching side of the stator,

[0037] Fig.11 shows the wire laying on the switching side of the stator,

[0038] Fig.12 An insulating disk provided for the switching side of the stator according to the invention is shown in a perspective view,

[0039] Fig.13 An insulating disk provided for the underside of a stator according to the invention is shown in a perspective view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Figure 1The stator is shown, which can be part of an electric motor or a generator. The stator has a stator group 1, which consists of laminated layers arranged one above the other in a known manner and which are connected to one another, for example, by adhesive connections, welding connections, form-locking connections, etc. The stator group 1 has a central circular through-hole 2.

[0041] The stator assembly 1 has a cylindrical inner ring 3, from which radial arms 4 protrude. They are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the stator assembly 1 and are provided with webs 5 extending in the circumferential direction at the free radially outer ends. Figure 1 As shown, the web 5 and the arm 4 extend at the level of the stator assembly 1. The web 5 advantageously projects to the same extent on both sides beyond the arm 4 in the circumferential direction.

[0042] The arms 4 and the webs 5 are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction of the stator.

[0043] The arms 4 and the webs 5 each form a tooth 1 to 12 of the stator, which is wound with winding wire in a manner to be described below.

[0044] Adjacent arms 4 delimit grooves 6 through which the windings of stator 1 extend in a manner to be described.

[0045] The axial receiving recess 7 for the blade-shaped terminal contact is formed from the inner ring 3 at the Figure 1 The end sides visible in the figure protrude for contacting the conducting winding wires.

[0046] The receiving recesses 7 are advantageously spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. The receiving recesses 7 each have a slot-shaped receiving portion 8 ( Figure 3 ), into which the blade terminal contact is inserted. The receiving portion 8 is advantageously crossed over half its length by a transverse slot 9, which extends only over a portion of the height of the receiving recess 7 and through which the winding wire extends in a manner that will be described. The receiving portion 8 and the transverse slot 9 are open toward the free end side of the receiving recess 7. As a result, the blade terminal contact can be axially inserted into the receiving portion 8, wherein the blade terminal contact contacts the winding wire extending in the radial direction of the stator assembly 1 in a known manner.

[0047] The side on which the receiving recess 7 is located is referred to below as the switching side of the stator, since contact-making of the winding wires is achieved on this end side.

[0048] The slotted link body 10 protrudes radially on both end sides from the web 5 and serves to delimit the winding space and to support the winding on the stator. If necessary, the slotted link body 10 can be used to guide the winding wire during wire deflection.

[0049] The slotted guide bodies 10 are designed essentially identically to one another and extend in the circumferential direction almost over the circumferential width of the web 5 ( Figure 1 and 2 ).

[0050] Insulating disks 12, 13 are provided on both end sides of the stator. Figure 1 , 2 , 12, 13), these insulating disks form annular chambers which are delimited radially on the outside by the slot body 10. Figure 1 ) on the annular space is delimited radially inwardly by a receiving recess 7. On the lower side ( Figure 2 ), the annular space is delimited radially inwardly by guide bodies 11, which are arranged side by side at a distance on the circumference of the inner ring 3 and protrude axially from the inner ring 3.

[0051] The insulating disks 12, 13 electrically insulate the stator assembly 1 from the windings. The insulating disks 12, 13 are designed in a known manner such that they cover the end faces of the arms 4 of the stator assembly 1, parts of the inner ring 3 and the webs 5. The insulating disks 12, 13 thus form part of the arms 4 of the stator.

[0052] exist Fig.12 and 13 The insulating disks 12, 13 shown in FIG. 1 are similar in detail to those in FIG. Figures 1 to 11 The insulator discs 12, 13 shown in FIG. 1 are slightly different. However, the differences are minor and therefore will not be discussed in further detail.

[0053] The webs 14, 15 are located on the end-side insulating disks 12, 13 and protrude axially from the insulating disks 12, 13. The webs 14 extend over the entire circumferential width of the arms 4, 2, while the webs 15 are arranged in the region of the radially extending longitudinal sides 16, 17 of the arms 4 and are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. A channel 18 ( Figure 2 ).

[0054] The guide bodies 11 on the underside of the stator stack 1 are formed by guide pins protruding axially from the inner ring 3 , which guide pins are used for the wire routing of the connecting wires between adjacent arms 4 .

[0055] The webs 14 , 15 and the guide body 11 are part of insulating disks 12 , 13 which are attached in a known manner to both end faces of the stator assembly 1 .

[0056] As from Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the webs 14, 15 are arranged alternately on each arm 4 to form a separate winding section. The webs 14, 15 have a radial distance ( Figure 1 and 2 ). In this case, the distance between the webs 14 , 15 and the guide bodies 10 is smaller than the distance between the webs 14 , 15 and the guide bodies 10 .

[0057] The webs 14 , 15 are advantageously located at the same height in the circumferential direction of the stator core 1 .

[0058] exist Figure 1 In the example, the teeth have been numbered 1 to 12. In this example, the stator group 1 has twelve teeth 1 to 12, which are each designed identically. Depending on the size and / or diameter of the stator, the stator group 1 can have a greater or lesser number of teeth.

[0059] The arms 4 of the tooth are each provided with a groove 19 ( Figure 3 ), the groove portion extends over the entire radial length of the arm 4. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , each arm 4 is advantageously provided with such a groove 19 on its two longitudinal sides at the transition to its end side. The groove 19 is arranged on the two insulating disks 12, 13, as shown in FIG. Fig.12 and 13 As concluded in .

[0060] The grooves 19 serve to guide the winding wire in an orderly manner, so that an orthogonal guidance can be achieved in a manner to be described further on.

[0061] The winding wire is deflected on the link body 10 in a manner to be described further on for the four parallel connections, so that the wire ends of the second coil can be guided from the outside to the inside into the receiving recess 7 .

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, the receiving recesses 7 are provided with clips 20 on their back side facing away from the link body 10. The clips are designed in such a way that they connect adjacent receiving recesses 7 to one another. The clips 20 are provided only optionally. The clips are connected to the receiving recesses 7 in such a way that they do not protrude into the transverse slots 9 of the receiving recesses 7, so that the winding wire can be guided through the transverse slots 9 without hindrance.

[0063] The structure and method described below for winding the stator core 1 are explained with reference to the teeth 1 and 2. The remaining teeth 3 to 12 of the stator core 1 are also wound in the same manner.

[0064] As Figure 4 As can be seen, there are insertion slots 21 for the winding wire in the region of the receiving recess 7. The insertion slots are arranged on the side facing the slot body 10 and are distributed on the circumference of the stator assembly 1. The insertion slots 21 are located at the height of the transverse slots 8 of the corresponding receiving recess 7 ( Figure 1 and 4 ).

[0065] The introduction slot 21 tapers axially starting from the transverse slot 8 and is located in the region of the groove 6 between adjacent teeth. The introduction slot 21 ensures that the winding wire does not hinder further winding with the winding needle.

[0066] like Figure 4 As shown, a guide 22 is provided at the foot of one of the contact recesses 7, which has a triangular profile in the axial direction of the stator assembly 1. The guide 22 is located on the end side of the arm 4 of the tooth 1 and advantageously has a constant axial height over its length measured in the circumferential direction. The triangular guide 22 is used to guide the first winding wire so that it can be laid orthogonally.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, further such triangular guides 22 are provided along the circumference of the stator group 1. In this embodiment, such guides 22 are located on the teeth 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 on the switching side and on the teeth 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 on the bottom side of the stator group 1.

[0068] The slotted member 10 extends in the circumferential direction of the stator assembly 1 almost over the corresponding circumferential side length of the webs 5 of the teeth 1 to 12. Figure 1 and 2 As known, the chute body 10 is provided in two structural designs. Figure 4 and Figure 5 More details.

[0069] The winding body 10 of the tooth 2 has a flat end face 23 facing the receiving recess 7 , which end face 23 extends in the axial direction of the stator assembly starting from the web 5 of the tooth and advantageously extends perpendicularly to the end face of the web 5 of the tooth 2 .

[0070] At half of the circumferential length, the sliding channel body 10 is thickened in such a way that the back side 24 facing away from the receiving recess 7 is provided with a bulge. As a result, the sliding channel body 10 has a middle part 25 that is thickened in the radial direction. The middle part has the same axial height ( Figure 4 ) and advantageously transitions into the back side 24 in a curved manner.

[0071] The side parts 26, 27 ( Figure 4 ) decreases continuously in axial height toward the outside in such a way that the end side 28 of the gate body 10 adjoins the end side 29 of the toothed web 5 at an angle.

[0072] The thin side parts 26, 27 are reinforced on the back side 24 by ribs 30 which protrude transversely from the end side 29 of the web 5. The ribs are advantageously formed integrally with the link body 10 and the insulating disk 12. Advantageously, the ribs 30 are located approximately at half the width of the side parts 26, 27. The ribs 30 are designed in such a way that they do not protrude axially beyond the side parts 26, 27 of the link body 10, but are advantageously at an axial distance from the end side 28 of the link body 10.

[0073] The structure of the sliding groove body 10 is arranged on the teeth 2, 4, 6 of the stator group 1 ( Figure 1 ).

[0074] The guideway bodies 10 assigned to the other teeth 1, 3, 5 have a similar structure to the guideway bodies 10 described above. The difference is essentially that a deflection element 31 is provided on the end side 28' of the middle part 25. The deflection element has essentially the same contour shape as the middle part 25, but is narrower in the radial direction than the middle part 25. The end side 32 of the deflection element 31 facing the receiving recess 7 is in one plane with the end side 23 of the guideway body 10 ( Figure 5 ).

[0075] Opposite the back side 25 ′ of the middle part 25 , the back side 33 of the deflection element 31 is set back radially. Protruding from the back side 33 is a lug 34 which is at an axial distance from the end side 28 ′ of the middle part 25 . As a result, a channel 35 ( Figure 4 ).

[0076] Observed along the axial direction ( Figure 5 ), the free end side 36 of the lug 34 is located in the back side 25 ′ of the middle part 25.

[0077] As Figure 6 As can be seen, the gate bodies 10 are designed in the same way on the underside of the stator assembly 1. However, the arrangement of the differently designed winding bodies differs from that on the switching side.

[0078] As compared Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, tooth 1 is on the switching side ( Figure 5 ) has a guide chute body 10 with a deflection element 31. On the lower side, the tooth 1 is arranged with the guide chute body 10 without a deflection element 31. For this purpose, a guide chute body 10 with a deflection element 31 is provided on the lower side of the tooth 2, and on the switching side ( Figure 5 ) has a slide chute body 10 without a steering element.

[0079] Not only on the switching side ( Figure 5 ) and on the lower side ( Figure 6), the chute bodies 10 of different designs are alternated in the circumferential direction. This design scheme on the switching side and the lower side of the stator is particularly advantageous from Fig.12 and 13 On the switching side ( Fig.12 ) on the teeth 2, 4, 6, ... are provided with separating tabs 14, which are on the lower side ( Fig.13 ) is arranged on teeth 1, 3, 5, .... Therefore, the separating strip 15 is on the switching side ( Fig.12 ) is arranged on teeth 1, 3, 5, ... and on the lower side ( Fig.13 ) is arranged on teeth 2, 4, 6, ...

[0080] The deflection element 31 is advantageously formed integrally with the gate body 10 , which otherwise is formed identically to the gate body 10 without the deflection element 31 .

[0081] The slotted member 10 with the lugs 34 forms hooks which prevent the winding wire from sliding out upwards when the winding wire is deflected, when the wire end is introduced inwards into the corresponding receiving recess 7 .

[0082] The guide body 11 is opposite to the sliding chute body 10 on the lower side of the stator assembly 1. Figure 6 Explain these guides in detail.

[0083] The guide body 11 has two kingpins 37 protruding axially from the inner ring 3, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction and connected to each other via a web 38. The web has a smaller axial height than the two kingpins 37. Adjacent to the kingpins 37, the web 38 is provided with an end-side recess 39. The recess is located at the height of the corresponding groove 6 between adjacent teeth 1, 2.

[0084] The other depression 39 is located on the outside of one of the guide pins 37, which is located at the level of the next groove 6. Thus, two depressions 39 are located at the level of adjacent grooves 6.

[0085] One of the guide pins 37 is located at the level of the tooth 1 , while the adjacent guide pin 37 of the guide body 11 is arranged in the region of the groove 6 between the two teeth 1 , 2 .

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, the guide bodies 11 are arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction and are each provided with two guide pins 37 .

[0087] Seen from the axial direction, the guide body 11 is spaced apart from the inner wall 40 of the inner ring 3. Figure 6 ) is advantageously flush with the outer side 42 of the inner ring 3 .

[0088] The guide body 11 may also be provided with a lug 34 ( Fig.13), these lugs can also be used to prevent the winding wire from axially slipping.

[0089] The lugs 34 of the sliding guide body 10 and the guide body 11 are arranged alternately and tilted to the circumferential direction of the stator, such as in particular from Fig.12 and 13 As seen in.

[0090] exist Figure 5 , the circle represents the winding wire 43 of the first coil SP1 in cross section. The arrows indicate the winding direction on the switching side of the stator group. The winding wire is inserted radially from the inside at the level of the tooth 1 through the transverse slot 9 of one of the receiving recesses 7. The starting point of the winding process is indicated by 51.

[0091] On the switching side of stator group 1 ( Figure 5 ), the winding wire 43 is guided obliquely along the triangular guide 22 relative to the radially extending longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 1. This Figure 5 This is indicated by arrow 52 .

[0092] The winding wire 43 is guided from the switching side along the respective longitudinal sides 16, 17 downward to the underside of the tooth 1. Since there is no triangular guide on the underside of the tooth 1, the winding wire 43 on the underside of the stator assembly runs perpendicular to the radial longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 1.

[0093] By means of the grooves 19 which are provided both on the switching side and on the underside of the stator core, a defect-free winding of the winding wire 43 is ensured, the winding wire 43 being embedded in the grooves 19 with the first winding layer WL1 .

[0094] As soon as the winding wire 43 reaches the region of the web 15 on the switching side, the winding wire 43 is guided through the channel 18 between the two webs 15 (arrow 53 ).

[0095] In this way, the winding wire 43 passes from the winding space 54 into the winding space 55. The winding space 54 is located between the contact recess 7 and the web 15 and is advantageously longer in the radial direction of the tooth 1 than the winding space 55 between the web 15 and the end face 23 of the gate body 10.

[0096] Since the groove portions 19 are provided in the two winding spaces 54 , 55 , defect-free winding in the two winding spaces 54 , 55 is ensured.

[0097] At the transition from the winding space 54 through the channel 18 into the winding space 55, the winding wire 43 on the switching side runs at a greater angle to the radial longitudinal axis of the arm 4. The course of the winding wire when passing through the channel 18 is indicated by 53.

[0098] Since the transition from the winding space 54 to the winding space 55 takes place in the described manner on the switching side of the stator group, no interrupted web design is required on the bottom side of the stator group 1 in the region of the tooth 1. Accordingly, a continuous web 14 ( Figure 6 ).

[0099] The winding is carried out in the winding direction 52 inside the winding space 55 until the first layer of the winding is formed in the winding space 55. In the next winding process (arrow 56), the next layer is formed in the winding space 55. In the exemplary embodiment, four layers WL1 to WL4 are formed in the winding space 55.

[0100] The two webs 15 on the switching side of the stator core 1 are so wide in the circumferential direction that the four layers WL1 to WL4 of the first coil SP1 are fixed in the winding space 55 in the radial direction. Figure 6 ) The winding layers are also radially fixed on the bottom side by means of webs 14 .

[0101] The winding wire in the last layer WL4 of the winding space 55 is led back again from the radial outside to the radial inside on the switching side of the stator group 1 through the channel 18 between the two tabs 15. The winding direction 57 again extends obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4 of the tooth 1. In this case, the winding direction 57 is oppositely inclined to the winding direction 52. In this winding phase, the winding is carried out from the radial outside to the radial inside. After passing through the channel 18, the second layer WL2 is formed in the winding space 54 by way of example. As soon as the second layer WL2 of the coil SP1 is produced in the winding space 54 in the region of the receiving recess 7, the winding wire on the lower side of the stator group 1 is led to the tooth 2. This is indicated by the dotted line 58. The tooth 2 is then wound in the same way as the tooth 1. The starting point 51 on the tooth 2 corresponds to the starting point 51 on the tooth 1, wherein, however, the starting point 51 on the tooth 2 is not on the switching side but on the lower side.

[0102] The tab 15 is advantageously designed in such a way that the winding wire can be guided laterally on the tab 15 when passing through the channel 18. For this purpose, the tab 15 is provided with correspondingly obliquely extending guide surfaces 59, 60 ( Figure 6 ), the winding wire 43 can be guided on these guide surfaces when passing through the channel 18.

[0103] The end of the coil SP1 on the tooth 1 is guided in the described manner to the underside of the stator assembly 1 and there by means of the guide pin 37 to the tooth 2. Figure 6 As can be seen, the winding wire 43 is guided to the tooth 2 on the rear side facing away from the gate body 10 . The tooth 2 is wound at the starting point 51 to form the first coil SP1 .

[0104] For clarity, the windings are not Figure 5 .

[0105] Starting from the starting point 51, the winding wire 43 is guided along the triangular guide 22 obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arm 4 of the tooth 2 on the lower side of the stator assembly 1. The guide 22 is arranged on the front side 61 of the guide body 11 facing the gate body 10. Advantageously, the guide 22 is designed integrally with the guide body 11. The guide 22 rests on the upper side of the arm 4, so that the winding wire can be reliably guided on the lower side of the stator assembly 1.

[0106] On the underside of the tooth 2, two webs 15 are arranged adjacent to the slotted link body 10, which separate the two winding spaces 54, 55 from each other. In this case, the winding space 54 is arranged between the guide body 11 and the web 15, and the winding space 55 is arranged between the web 15 and the slotted link body 10.

[0107] The winding of the tooth 2 is carried out in the same way as the tooth 1. The winding direction is inclined in the described manner to the radial longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 2. The winding space 54 between the two webs 15 and the guide body 11 or the winding space 55 between the web 55 and the gate body 10 is filled in the described manner with the wire layers WL1, WL2. During the winding process, the winding wire 43 is guided through the channel 18 between the two webs 15. The last winding of the winding wire 43 is indicated by arrows 57, 62, the ends of which are guided back to the switching side ( Figure 5 ).

[0108] Figure 7 The winding process for producing a first coil SP1 is shown with two teeth 1 and 2. The winding direction in the case of tooth 2 is opposite to that in the case of tooth 1, which is indicated by the arrows shown. Tooth 2 is provided with a continuous web 14 on its switching side, while the tooth has two webs 15 on the underside (not shown), as can be seen from the Figure 6 In the case of tooth 1 , on the other hand, a continuous web is located on the bottom side, whereas on the switching side shown, two webs 15 are provided with channels 18 .

[0109] If with the help of Figure 5 As explained, the continuous webs 14 serve to arrange the windings of the wire parallel to one another and perpendicular to the radial longitudinal direction of the arms 4 . In contrast, the webs 15 allow the windings to run obliquely to the radial longitudinal direction of the arms 4 .

[0110] The winding is performed radially outwards from the radial inner region of the arm 4 on both teeth 1, 2. The winding is then performed from the radial outer side to the radial inner side. The end point 63 of the winding on tooth 1 is directly adjacent to the corresponding receiving recess 7. In the manner described, starting from the end point 63, the line on the underside of tooth 1 is guided along the path 58 to the starting point 51 on the underside of tooth 2. The winding of tooth 2 is performed similarly to the winding of tooth 1.

[0111] At the end point 63 ′ of the first coil SP1 of the tooth 2 , the winding wire 43 is guided radially inwards through the transverse slot 9 of the receiving recess 7 .

[0112] Reference Figures 8 to 11 , how the second coil SP2 is arranged on the teeth 1, 2 during the winding process is described. The first coil SP1 is wound on the teeth 1, 2 in the manner described. The winding of the second coil SP2 on the tooth 2 begins in the receiving recess 7 on the switching side of the stator group 1 ( Figure 8 ). The winding process for producing the second coil SP2 begins at a starting point 64 adjacent to the receiving recess 7. The winding of the winding wire 43 takes place perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the tooth 2. The winding direction is denoted by 65.

[0113] The winding is carried out until the continuous web 14 on the switching side of the stator assembly 1. In the last winding 66 before the web 14, in order to produce the second coil SP2, the winding wire is moved back and forth from the web 14 in the longitudinal direction of the arm 4, as shown by the movement path 67. By this meandering reciprocating winding, the desired number of layers WL1a to WL7a is applied to the first coil SP1. In this process, the second coil SP2 is produced up to the layers WL1a to WL7a of the chute body 10.

[0114] In the embodiment, the second coil SP2 is wound such that it extends over a portion of the radial length in the winding space 54, while the second coil is arranged over the entire radial width of the winding space 55. The second coil SP2 of the tooth 2 is made at the end point 68 on the chute body 10. The winding wire is then guided along the path 69 at the lower side of the tooth 2 to the starting point 70 at the lower side of the tooth 1. Then, the second coil SP2 of the tooth 1 is wound on the tooth 1 similarly to the tooth 2.

[0115] The winding spaces 54, 55 and thus the number of possible windings on the teeth 1, 2 are limited by the free space 71 for the winding needle between the two teeth 1, 2. As a result, the second coil SP2 cannot end radially inwardly on the arm 4, but the winding wire must be fed back inwardly through the slot body 10 on the outside. Figure 8The wire 43 is deflected along the path 69 on the underside of the tooth 2 on the radially outer outer side of the lower winding body so that it can then be guided radially inwards on the underside in the direction of the inner ring 3 and from there towards the tooth 1 .

[0116] Fig. 9 The transition from tooth 2 to tooth 1 on the underside of teeth 1, 2 is shown. The wire 43 is first guided in the described manner on the back side 24 of the slot body 10 facing away from the deflection pin 37. The wire has a deflection element 31 with a lug 34. In order to ensure a clean deflection of the wire 43, the back side 24' of the deflection element 31 facing away from the deflection pin 37 is designed to be curved so that the wire 43 can be deflected radially inwards towards the opposite deflection pin 37 without the risk of bending. The lug 34 of the deflection element 31 prevents the wire 43 from being lifted axially from the slot body 10 or its deflection element 38 in this area.

[0117] Similar to the deflection element 31 , a protruding lug can be provided on the deflection pin 37 , which lug prevents the wire 43 from slipping out axially.

[0118] The wire 43 is deflected on the back side 72 of the kingpin 37 facing away from the sliding channel body 10. Advantageously, the back side 72 can be provided with a recess for accommodating the wire. The recess extends in the circumferential direction of the kingpin 37. The back side 72 and, if present, the recess each transition in a continuously curved manner into the front side 74 of the kingpin 37 facing the sliding channel body 10.

[0119] In addition or instead of a protruding lug, a recess can be provided on the guide pin 37 in order to prevent the winding wire 43 from slipping out axially.

[0120] By means of the described deflection by means of the deflection element 31 and the deflection pin 37 , a transition is achieved during the winding process from the tooth 2 to the tooth 1 on its underside.

[0121] If with the help of Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As mentioned, the end of the coil SP2 on the tooth 2 is located on the radially outer end of the arm 4. By means of the guide body 10, the wire is guided radially inwards to the guide pin 37, through which the wire is guided to the tooth 1 on the lower side.

[0122] Fig.10 and Fig.11 The winding of the coil SP2 on the switching side of the teeth 1 , 2 is shown.

[0123] The winding of tooth 2 is carried out by Figure 8. The wire 43 is supplied to the receiving recess 7 from the radial inside through the transverse slot 9. The starting point 64 of the first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2 is directly adjacent to the receiving recess 7. The first layer WL1a is wound in the described manner up to the continuous web 14. On the web 14, the wire is wound back in the longitudinal direction of the arm 4 to form the second layer WL2a of the second coil SP2 (path 67). Subsequently, by multiple reciprocating windings, the further layers WL3a to WL7a of the second coil SP2 are produced, as by means of Figure 8 As explained. As shown by way of example, these further layers of the second coil SP2 can have different lengths in the radial direction depending on the design of the stator, but can also be of the same length, for example.

[0124] The layers WL2a to WL7a of the second coil SP2 may also have the same length as the first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2. Therefore, the length of each layer of the second coil SP2 can be selected according to requirements.

[0125] The winding wire 43 is then guided in the described manner along the path 69 to the tooth 1 . The transition takes place on the underside of the tooth 2 .

[0126] On tooth 1 , the winding of the second coil SP2 is carried out in a similar manner to that of tooth 2 .

[0127] A second coil SP2 with different layers WL1a to WL7a is produced in the described manner on tooth 1. A first layer WL1a of the second coil SP2 extends between inner ring 3 and web 15. Further layers WL2a to WL7a of the coil SP2 are produced by a meandering reciprocating motion of the winding needle along path 75.

[0128] As soon as the further layers WL2a to WL7a of the second coil SP2 are wound, the wire is deflected on the back side 24 of the slot body 10 facing away from the receiving recess 7 and is guided radially inwards through the transverse slots 9 of the corresponding receiving recess 7. Fig. 9 As explained with regard to the tooth 2 , the winding wire 43 is guided along the deflection element 31 and underneath the lug 34 .

[0129] With the help of Fig.11 The beginning and end of the two coils SP1 and SP2 on teeth 1 and 2 are described. The two coils SP1 and SP2 are for tooth 1 at Fig.10 . Tooth 2 has the same design of coils. In order to form the first coil SP1 on tooth 1 , the winding wire 43 is guided radially from the inside through the transverse slot 9 of the receiving recess 7 (start 76 ).

[0130] With the start 77 , a winding wire is drawn in which it is guided radially from the inside through the transverse slot 9 of the associated receiving recess 7 in order to wind the second coil SP2 on the tooth 2 .

[0131] 78 denotes the end of the first coil SP1 on the tooth 2. The winding wire is in this case guided radially from the outside through the transverse slot 9 of the adjacent receiving recess 7 radially inwards.

[0132] 79 denotes the end of the second coil SP2 at the tooth 1. In this case, the winding wire 43 is also guided from the radial outside through the transverse slot 9 of the associated receiving recess 7 radially inward.

[0133] For clarity, in Fig.11 The coils or individual windings are not shown.

[0134] In order to position the beginning and end of the first coil SP1 of the tooth 1 on the inner diameter in the region of the receiving recess 7, the combination of wire diameter and number of turns must be precisely matched to the available winding space 54, 55. However, since these conditions do not always exist, the tabs 14, 15 are positioned so that the end 44 ( Figure 5 ) is located in the area of ​​the inner diameter and has a simple transition to tooth 2 ( Figure 5 58) is possible.

[0135] The number of layers of the first coil SP1 in the radially inner winding space 54 should be an even number as far as possible. In the embodiment, the first coil SP1 has two layers WL1 , WL2 in the winding space 54 .

[0136] The number of layers in the radially outer winding space 55 should be as many as possible as the layers WL1 to WL4 in the radially inner winding space 54 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, four layers WL1 to WL4 of the first coil SP1 are located in the radially outer winding space 55 .

[0137] Angle (the angle at which the winding wire 43 extends through the channel 18 between the tabs 15 ( Figure 5 and 7 )) should be as small as possible so that the winding wire 43 to be installed does not collide with the slot body 10 or the teeth 1, 2 in the area of ​​the slot. Figure 8 This angle α can be seen in . This angle refers to the end side 23 of the slotted link body 10 which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the arm 4 .

[0138] Collisions can also be avoided by arranging the webs 14 , 15 further radially inwards along the arm 4 , so that the width of one winding space increases and the width of the other winding space decreases.

[0139] The thickness 79 ( Figure 8 ) should be an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding wire. In this case, an orthogonal winding of the second coil SP2 is possible, which is wound through the tab 15 and the first coil SP1.

[0140] By dividing the winding space 54, 55 by at least one web 14, 15, it is possible in this way to place the transition of the winding wire 43 from tooth 1 to tooth 2 in the radially inner region of the insulating disks 12, 13. The webs 14, 15 can be located on the end-face insulation elements of the individual teeth 1 to 12 in a manner protruding at the end and / or laterally. The end-face insulation elements can be formed by the insulating disks 12, 13 or also by injection-molding the stator assembly 1.

[0141] In the case of overmolding, the webs 14 , 15 can also be arranged on the side walls of the overmolded arm 4 .

[0142] The winding wire 43 can be guided from one winding space to the other winding space through the channel 18 between the two tabs 14 in the radial or diagonal direction. The guiding of the winding wire 43 can take place from the winding space 54 to the winding space 55 or vice versa as described above. The tabs 15 delimiting the channel 18 are provided with guides in the form of guide surfaces 59, 60, on which the winding wire 43 can be supported. For orthogonal winding, the wire guides 59, 60 are arranged at an angle α ( Figure 8 ) extends obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the arm 4 of the teeth 1 to 12.

[0143] Since more space is available in the radially outer winding space 55 in the circumferential direction of the stator assembly 1 than in the radially inner winding space 54, the radially outer winding space 55 can be filled preferentially. As a result, in the radially inner winding space 54, less space is available for the wire start and wire end or for the transition of the winding wire 43 to the next tooth. The filling capacity of the radially inner winding space 54 is defined in particular by the winding needle, which must move between adjacent teeth during the winding process. The width of the gap 71 measured in the circumferential direction decreases continuously radially inward.

[0144] The described stator is provided for an external rotor motor in which the rotor surrounds the stator. The wire start and wire end of the winding wire 43 for contact conduction are located in the radial inner region of the electrical insulation. In the described embodiment, adjacent teeth 1, 2 are continuously wound by a single winding wire 43. In the embodiment, two coils SP1, SP2 are wound with the winding wire 43, which can realize parallel connection of the coils, for example. The two coils are wound one on top of the other. Based on the described construction, a defect-free winding of the teeth 1 to 12 of the stator is obtained.

[0145] Due to the described design of the stator assembly 1 with the webs 14, 15, the stator can be wound simply and reliably for use in an external rotor motor. The start of the winding takes place in the radially inner region of the respective insulating disk 12, 13, for example in one of the receiving recesses 7. The teeth are then wound from the radial inside to the radial outside in the region of the first winding space 54 up to the separating webs 14, 15. The winding wire 43 is then passed through the passage 18 between the webs 15 from the first winding space 54 into the second winding space 55. The teeth are now wound from the radial inside to the radial outside in the region of the second winding space 55 all the way to the gate body 10, which delimits the winding space 55 radially outwardly and is arranged at the radially outer ends of the arms 4 of the teeth.

[0146] The winding wire 43 is then guided from the radial outside to the radial inside within the second winding space 55. The reciprocating winding of the teeth is carried out until the radially outer winding space 55 is completely wound.

[0147] The winding wire 43 is then led back from the second winding space 55 into the first winding space 54 through the channel 18. The winding of the teeth in the radially inner winding space 54 then takes place from the radially outer side to the radially inner side. The winding wire 43 is then led radially inward so that it can be contacted and conducted, for example, in the corresponding receiving recess 7 by means of a blade-shaped terminal contact.

[0148] However, in this embodiment, the wire is not led radially inwards for contact-making, but is continued to the next tooth so that the winding of the next tooth can be carried out there in the radially inner winding space 54. Then the other tooth is wound according to the same flow chart as that performed in the previous tooth.

[0149] Furthermore, if the webs 14 , 15 are designed such that they end flush with the first coil SP1 , as shown by way of example in the figures, the second coil SP2 can be wound onto the first coil SP1 and also onto the webs 14 , 15 .

Claims

1. A stator for an electric motor or generator, in particular for an external rotor motor, the stator comprising an annular region (3) from which teeth (1 to 12) protrude, the teeth each having an arm (4) which projects from the annular region (3) and at a free end has a web (5) extending transversely to the arm and carries at least one winding, the winding having at least one coil (SP1, SP2) wound from a winding wire (43) and arranged in a winding space (54, 55) extending from the annular region (3). It is characterized in that The winding space (54, 55) is divided by at least one separating web (14, 15) into successive winding space sections (54, 55), which are arranged on the arm (4).

2. The stator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separating webs (14, 15) are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the teeth (1 to 12) of the stator.

3. The stator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The separating webs (14, 15) are arranged such that the winding space sections (54, 55) have different lengths.

4. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The separating webs (15) of at least some of the teeth (1 to 12) have a passage (18) for the winding wire (43) on the upper side and / or the lower side.

5. The stator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separating web (15) having the channel (18) has lateral guides (59, 60) for the winding wire (43).

6. The stator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guides (59, 60) extend at an angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the teeth (1 to 12).

7. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The separating webs (14, 15) are positioned on the teeth (1 to 12) in such a way that the ends of the coils are located on the annular region (3).

8. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A radially inner winding space section (54) has a width in the circumferential direction of the stator such that the number of layers (WL1, WL2) of the coil (SP1) is an even number.

9. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: A radially outer winding space section (55) has a width in the circumferential direction of the stator such that the number of layers (WL1 to WL4) of the coil (SP1) is a multiple of the number of layers in a radially inner winding space section (54).

10. The stator according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that The thickness of the separating web (15) having the channel (18) measured at the foot of the separating web (15) is an integer multiple of the diameter of the winding wire (43).

11. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: At least one sliding groove body (10) is arranged on the free end of the arm (4) of the tooth (1 to 12) for deflecting the winding wire (43).

12. The stator according to claim 11, characterized in that The slotted guide body (10) radially delimits a radially outer winding section (55).

13. The stator according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that: The slotted guide body (10) and / or the deflecting body (37) is provided with at least one axial fixing element (34) for a winding wire (43).

14. The stator according to claim 13, characterized in that The axial securing element (34) projects laterally from the slotted guide body (10) and / or from the deflecting body (37).

15. The stator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that The separating webs (14, 15) are part of an insulating element (12, 13) which bears against the end faces of the teeth (1 to 12).

16. The stator according to claim 15, characterized in that The insulating elements (12, 13) are insulating disks.

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