Small seed pneumatic loading and unloading device and method for loading and unloading poplar seeds

Abstract

A pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, comprising a loading unit and a cleaning unit; the loading unit comprises a loading pipe, a loading funnel and a loading vibration plate; the feeding port of the loading pipe is located at the top of the loading pipe body; the discharge port of the loading funnel is connected to the feeding port of the loading pipe; the discharge port of the loading vibration plate corresponds to the feeding port of the loading funnel; the inlet end of the rear portion of the loading pipe is connected to an air blowing source via an air pipe; the outlet end of the front portion of the loading pipe is open; the cleaning unit comprises a cleaning vibration plate, a suction nozzle and a material distribution judgment mechanism; the cleaning vibration plate is located below the outlet end of the loading pipe; the inlet of the suction nozzle faces the inside of the cleaning vibration plate, the outlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the air pipe and then connected to a negative pressure pneumatic suction device; the other end of the suction device is connected to a collection bottle. The device is used for loading and unloading poplar seeds, wherein the inner diameter of the loading pipe is 40 mm, the distance between the bend and the inlet end is 116 mm, the distance between the feeding port and the bend is 40 mm, and the bend angle is 100°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present technical solution belongs to the technical field of forestry equipment, specifically a pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds and a method for loading and unloading poplar seeds. Background Art

[0002] Small seeds refer to seeds that are about 1 mm in size or smaller. Common ones include small-leaved lily, Himalayan rose, gladiolus, etc. For poplars, the hairs of poplars are differentiated from the outer cells of the seed coat. Each hair contains a seed that is about 1 mm in size.

[0003] Seed loading and unloading devices are common in forestry machinery. Currently, seed loading and unloading is mostly accomplished using mechanical structures, and the seeds typically handled are larger seeds such as corn seeds. However, when using mechanical structures to handle the loading and unloading of small seeds such as poplar seeds, seeds can easily become stuck in the gaps of the mechanism, damaging them and affecting subsequent germination. Therefore, manual loading and unloading is currently the most common method for loading and unloading small seeds. This method is not only inefficient, but also results in problems such as poor separation of seeds during loading, incomplete seed collection during cleaning, and damage to seed samples, which adversely affects subsequent seed processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] For pneumatic seed loading and unloading devices, the pneumatic structure can well load and unload seeds non-destructively, quantitatively and quickly, but currently most of them use pneumatics alone for loading or clearing. There is still a lack of research on how to use pneumatic devices for loading and then clearing.

[0005] In order to solve the problem of automatic loading and unloading of small seeds, the present technical solution proposes a pneumatic loading and unloading method and device for small seeds (such as poplar seeds).

[0006] When feeding: On the basis of pneumatic air supply, it combines a vibration plate, a photoelectric sensor and a feeding pipe with an angle to achieve quantitative feeding of seeds and solve the problem of small seeds sticking together.

[0007] When unloading: Based on pneumatic suction, combined with a vibrating plate equipped with a specially designed material frame, a suction nozzle and an image acquisition device, the seeds can be collected more completely and the damage to the seeds can be reduced, which greatly improves the efficiency of seed unloading and unloading.

[0008] The present invention specifically provides a pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, comprising a loading unit and a cleaning unit;

[0009] The feeding unit includes a feeding pipe, a feeding funnel and a feeding vibration plate;

[0010] The feed port of the feeding pipe is located at the top of the feeding pipe body; the discharge port of the feeding funnel is connected to the feed port of the feeding pipe; the discharge port of the feeding vibration plate corresponds to the feed port of the feeding funnel, so that the seeds contained in the vibration plate enter the feeding funnel due to vibration; the inlet end of the rear part of the feeding pipe is closed, and the inlet end is connected to the blowing source through the air pipe; the outlet end of the front part of the feeding pipe is open; the surface of the feeding vibration plate is inclined, and the position of the discharge port side of the feeding vibration plate is low;

[0011] The material cleaning unit includes a material cleaning vibration plate, a suction nozzle and a material separation judgment mechanism;

[0012] The cleaning vibration plate is located below the outlet end of the feeding pipe; the inlet of the suction nozzle faces the inner side of the cleaning vibration plate, and the outlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the air pipe and then connected to the negative pressure pneumatic suction device;

[0013] The other end of the suction device is connected to the collection bottle, and the seeds are directly sucked into the collection bottle through the suction device;

[0014] The cleaning judgment mechanism collects information on the number of seeds in the cleaning vibration plate. If the seed cleaning is completed, the cleaning vibration plate stops vibrating and the suction nozzle stops sucking seeds.

[0015] The operations of the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning judgment mechanism are controlled by the controller.

[0016] Furthermore, the radial cross-section of the feeding pipe is circular; a pressure equalizing orifice plate is connected inside the feeding pipe and behind the feed port; there is a bend in the front of the feeding pipe, the bend position is in front of the feed port, and the outlet end faces obliquely downward.

[0017] The feeding unit also includes a discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, whose structure is: a photoelectric sensor is installed at the bend of the feeding pipe. Since the seeds are fed evenly and at a constant speed, the working time of the feeding vibration plate is controlled by the time the seeds block the light of the photoelectric sensor, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the seed feeding quantity.

[0018] The material distribution judgment mechanism and the material cleaning judgment mechanism are both image acquisition devices, which collect image information in the material cleaning vibration plate, and then judge whether the seeds in the plate are evenly distributed and whether the seeds in the plate have been cleaned;

[0019] The continuous vibration of the cleaning vibration plate separates the clustered seeds. When the seeds are evenly distributed in the entire material frame without overlapping, it is judged by real-time images. The seeds are absorbed by the suction nozzle. When the cleaning is completed, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning vibration plate are closed through the real-time image.

[0020] The upper edge of the cleaning vibration plate is surrounded by a material frame; a cleaning channel is opened on one side of the material frame, the inlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the outlet of the cleaning channel, and the inlet of the cleaning channel is on the inner side of the material frame;

[0021] For the cleaning channel: the cleaning channel is inclined and flat, its inlet is lower than the outlet; the bottom edge of the inlet is flush with the surface of the cleaning vibration plate, and the width of the inlet is the same as the length of the side of the material frame where the inlet is located; the inlet of the suction nozzle is flat.

[0022] The method for using the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds for loading and unloading poplar seeds comprises the following steps: first, optimizing the structure of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, including:

[0023] The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe are inner diameter 40mm, distance between the bend and the blowing end 116mm, distance between the feed port and the bend 40mm, and bending angle 100°;

[0024] The structural dimensions of the cleaning channel are cross-section length 120mm, width 8mm, inclination angle 30°, and overall height 20mm;

[0025] Then, the poplar seeds are loaded and unloaded in the following steps:

[0026] 1) After placing the poplar seeds on the feeding vibration plate, start the pneumatic loading and unloading device; the controller controls the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device, and the cleaning judgment mechanism to work;

[0027] 2) Feeding vibrating plate and air blowing source (pneumatic air delivery device); poplar seeds gradually fall from the (rectangular) funnel into the feeding pipe under the vibration of the feeding vibrating plate;

[0028] Poplar seeds are blown by the air conveyor, hit the corner of the feeding pipe and then fall onto the cleaning vibrating plate;

[0029] The photoelectric sensor at the outlet of the feeding pipe will close the feeding vibration plate to stop feeding when the number of seeds passing through reaches the set value, and keep the air conveying device open to empty the seeds in the pipe;

[0030] The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe for poplar seeds are: inner diameter 40mm, distance between bend and blowing end 116mm, distance between feed port and bend 40mm, bend angle 100°; wind speed in the feeding pipe 5m / s;

[0031] 3) Poplar seeds fall into the cleaning vibration plate, which continues to vibrate until they are completely dispersed, and then the camera is started to capture images;

[0032] 4) The controller controls the unilateral vibration of the cleaning vibration plate to concentrate the seeds on one side of the cleaning pipe, and then starts the pneumatic suction device;

[0033] 5) After determining that the seeds have been cleaned, turn off the cleaning vibration plate and pneumatic suction device.

[0034] The device and method are suitable for small seeds such as poplar seeds.

[0035] This pneumatic loading and unloading device is suitable for loading and unloading small seeds, replacing manual loading and unloading, improving work efficiency and reducing seed damage. It is particularly suitable for loading and unloading small seeds such as poplar seeds that have fuzz or other structures adhering to them. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds of this embodiment (from another perspective);

[0038] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the loading unit of this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the material clearing unit of this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the suction nozzle of the cleaning unit of this embodiment;

[0041] In the figure: feeding vibration plate 1, camera 2, photoelectric sensor 3, suction nozzle 4, cleaning vibration plate 5, material frame 6, feeding pipe 7, funnel 8.

[0042] Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(f) This is a schematic diagram of the Fluent fluid simulation results performed using Ansys software, where:

[0043] Figure 6(a) is the velocity cloud diagram when the wind speed is 5m / s.

[0044] Figure 6(b) is the streamline diagram when the wind speed is 5m / s.

[0045] Figure 6(c) shows the seed dispersion at a wind speed of 5 m / s.

[0046] Figure 6(d) is the velocity cloud diagram when the wind speed is 10m / s.

[0047] Figure 6(e) is the streamline diagram when the wind speed is 10m / s.

[0048] Figure 6(f) shows the seed dispersion at a wind speed of 10 m / s. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with its application in loading and unloading poplar seeds.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, comprising a loading unit and a cleaning unit;

[0051] Further references Figure 3 , the feeding unit includes a feeding pipe 7, a feeding funnel 8 and a feeding vibration plate 1;

[0052] The feed port of the feeding pipe is located at the top of the feeding pipe body; the discharge port of the feeding funnel is connected to the feed port of the feeding pipe; the discharge port of the feeding vibration plate corresponds to the feed port of the feeding funnel, so that the seeds contained in the vibration plate enter the feeding funnel due to vibration; (Refer to Figure 2 The inlet end of the feeding pipe at the rear is closed and connected to the air source through an air pipe; (Refer to Figure 1 (from a perspective) the outlet end of the front of the feeding pipe is open; the surface of the feeding vibration plate is inclined, and the position of the discharge port side of the feeding vibration plate is low; the feeding unit also includes a discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism;

[0053] The material cleaning unit includes a material cleaning vibration plate 5, a suction nozzle 4 and a material separation judgment mechanism;

[0054] The cleaning vibration plate is located below the outlet end of the feeding pipe; the inlet of the suction nozzle faces the inner side of the cleaning vibration plate, and the outlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the air pipe and then connected to the negative pressure pneumatic suction device;

[0055] The other end of the suction device is connected to the collection bottle, and the seeds are directly sucked into the collection bottle through the suction device;

[0056] The cleaning judgment mechanism collects information on the number of seeds in the cleaning vibration plate. If the seed cleaning is completed, the cleaning vibration plate stops vibrating and the suction nozzle stops sucking seeds.

[0057] The operations of the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning judgment mechanism are controlled by the controller.

[0058] Furthermore, the radial cross-section of the feeding pipe is circular; a pressure equalizing orifice plate is connected inside the feeding pipe and behind the feed port; there is a bend in the front of the feeding pipe, the bend position is in front of the feed port, and the outlet end faces obliquely downward.

[0059] The seed quantity sensing mechanism is equipped with a photoelectric sensor 3 at the bend of the feeding pipe 7. Since the seeds are fed evenly and at a constant speed, the working time of the feeding vibration plate is controlled by the time the seeds block the light of the photoelectric sensor, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the seed feeding quantity.

[0060] The material distribution judgment mechanism and the material cleaning judgment mechanism are both image acquisition devices (camera 2 in this embodiment), which collect image information in the material cleaning vibration plate, and then judge whether the seeds in the plate are evenly distributed and whether the seeds in the plate are completely cleaned;

[0061] The "judgment" of the material distribution judgment mechanism can be achieved through manual monitoring or through machine vision technology. In machine vision technology, this mechanism is easier to implement.

[0062] The continuous vibration of the cleaning vibration plate separates the clustered seeds. When the seeds are evenly distributed in the entire material frame without overlapping, it is judged by real-time images. The seeds are absorbed by the suction nozzle. When the cleaning is completed, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning vibration plate are closed through the real-time image.

[0063] Further references Figure 4 , the upper edge of the cleaning vibration plate 5 is surrounded by a material frame 6; a cleaning channel ( Figure 5 The non-shaded part in the cross section of the middle material frame), the inlet of the suction nozzle 4 is connected to the outlet of the cleaning channel, and the inlet of the cleaning channel is on the inner side of the material frame;

[0064] Further references Figure 5 For the cleaning channel: the cleaning channel is inclined and flat, its inlet is lower than the outlet; the bottom edge of the inlet is flush with the surface of the cleaning vibration plate, and the width of the inlet is the same as the length of the side of the material frame where the inlet is located; the inlet of the suction nozzle is flat.

[0065] The method for using the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds for loading and unloading poplar seeds comprises the following steps: first, optimizing the structure of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, including:

[0066] The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe are inner diameter 40mm, distance between the bend and the blowing end 116mm, distance between the feed port and the bend 40mm, and bending angle 100°;

[0067] The structural dimensions of the cleaning channel are cross-section length 120mm, width 8mm, inclination angle 30°, and overall height 20mm;

[0068] Then, the poplar seeds are loaded and unloaded in the following steps:

[0069] 1) After placing the poplar seeds on the feeding vibration plate, start the pneumatic loading and unloading device; the controller controls the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device, and the cleaning judgment mechanism to work;

[0070] 2) Feeding vibration plate and air blowing source (pneumatic air delivery device); poplar seeds gradually fall from the rectangular funnel into the feeding pipe under the vibration of the feeding vibration plate;

[0071] Poplar seeds are blown by the air conveyor, hit the corner of the feeding pipe and then fall onto the cleaning vibrating plate;

[0072] The photoelectric sensor at the outlet of the feeding pipe will close the feeding vibration plate to stop feeding when the number of seeds passing through reaches the set value, and keep the air conveying device open to empty the seeds in the pipe;

[0073] The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe for poplar seeds are: inner diameter 40mm, distance between bend and blowing end 116mm, distance between feed port and bend 40mm, bend angle 100°; wind speed in the feeding pipe 5m / s;

[0074] 3) Poplar seeds fall into the cleaning vibration plate, which continues to vibrate until they are completely dispersed, and then the camera is started to capture images;

[0075] 4) The controller controls the unilateral vibration of the cleaning vibration plate to concentrate the seeds on one side of the cleaning pipe, and then starts the pneumatic suction device;

[0076] 5) After determining that the seeds have been cleaned, turn off the cleaning vibration plate and pneumatic suction device.

[0077] In this example, the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds is fixed on the working platform.

[0078] The 100° bend of the feeding pipe allows the seeds blown by the pneumatic air delivery device (such as an air pump) to collide with the pipe wall before falling, thereby better separating the slender seeds.

[0079] When cleaning the material, the vibration frequency, amplitude, time, etc. can be controlled during image acquisition to make the seeds clearly separated; on the other hand, since the effective suction range of vacuum suction is only within 2 to 3 cm from the suction nozzle, the vibration position, frequency, amplitude, direction, etc. can be controlled during cleaning the material, so as to control the seeds to gather near the suction nozzle, and the vibration state can be used to control the seed jumping height to facilitate suction.

[0080] The cleaning port of the material frame (the inlet of the cleaning channel) is opened on the short side to concentrate the suction force and improve the suction effect.

[0081] The opening angle of the cleaning channel is consistent with the installation angle of the suction nozzle, preferably at a 60° angle to the horizontal plane. This angle can, on the one hand, ensure that the seeds do not fly out during the vibration process, and on the other hand, improve the suction effect during cleaning.

[0082] The mouth of the suction nozzle is in a shovel-shaped structure, which makes it easy to fit with the vertical surface of the material frame at a 60° installation angle. After fitting, the cleaning port is equivalent to an extension of the suction nozzle, which can extend the suction force of the suction nozzle to the bottom of the material frame and improve the suction effect.

[0083] This device is used in the process of loading and unloading poplar seeds:

[0084] S1 preparation:

[0085] The working surface of the poplar seed loading and unloading device must meet the rigidity requirements;

[0086] A loading and unloading device is installed on the work surface, and the loading unit, cleaning unit and image acquisition device of the device are fixed on the corresponding table position and bracket according to the requirements to ensure that no excessive deformation occurs during the operation of the device;

[0087] In the initial state of S2:

[0088] A rectangular funnel is installed at the opening above the feeding pipe. One side of the long straight opening of the feeding pipe is connected to the pneumatic air supply device, and the other side is placed above the cleaning vibration plate, and a photoelectric sensor is installed at the outlet position of this side.

[0089] On one side of the long side of the square funnel, a feeding vibration plate is installed through a bracket, and the material frame of the feeding vibration plate has its protruding edge attached to one side of the long side of the square funnel;

[0090] Above the cleaning vibration plate, install the material frame according to the position of the magnetic buckle, and use the bracket to set up the camera just above the material frame to perform image acquisition;

[0091] A duckbill-shaped suction nozzle is installed on the outside of the material frame on one side of the cleaning port. The installation angle of the suction nozzle is consistent with the opening angle of the cleaning port and is attached to the outside of the material frame. The suction nozzle is connected to the pneumatic suction device for cleaning;

[0092] S3: For the loading and unloading device, first turn on the feeding vibration plate and the pneumatic air conveying device. The seeds gradually fall from the rectangular funnel into the feeding pipe under the vibration of the feeding vibration plate. Under the blowing of the air conveying device, the seeds hit the corner of the feeding pipe and then fall onto the cleaning vibration plate. The photoelectric sensor at the feeding pipe mouth transmits a signal to turn off the feeding vibration plate after the number of seeds passing through reaches the set value.

[0093] S4 turns on the camera and starts the continuous vibration function of the cleaning vibration plate to further separate the seeds. The camera uses real-time images to judge that when the seeds are evenly distributed in the entire material frame and there is no overlap, the cleaning vibration plate is turned off;

[0094] S5 controls the camera to capture images of seeds in the frame and transfer them to the computer for storage;

[0095] S6 starts the cleaning function of the cleaning vibration plate and controls the amplitude, direction and frequency through the controller, so that the seeds are concentrated within the range of 2-3cm of the cleaning opening of the material frame and jump to a certain height;

[0096] S7 turns on the pneumatic suction device at the cleaning device, and sucks away the seeds concentrated on one side of the material frame through the duckbill-shaped suction nozzle to complete the cleaning; after judging that the seeds have been cleaned through the real-time image of the camera, the cleaning vibration plate and the pneumatic suction device are turned off.

[0097] When the pneumatic loading and unloading device for poplar seeds in this example is implemented, the loading vibration plate is fixed to the operating table through a bracket; the cleaning vibration plate is directly fixed on the operating table, and the operating table is parallel to the ground; the material frame is installed on the vibration plate according to the position of the magnetic buckle on the vibration plate and fits with the cleaning vibration plate. The feeding pipe is fixed to one side of the cleaning vibration plate through a bracket, with one end of the folded head placed above the cleaning vibration plate, and the other end extending out to connect to the pneumatic air delivery device; the rectangular funnel is installed at the circular hole on the feeding pipe, with its long side parallel to the axis of the feeding pipe, and the long side fits with the protruding side of the feeding vibration plate; the photoelectric sensor is installed at the opening of the folded head, with its axis perpendicular to the axis of the feeding pipe, and the tail is located on one side of the feeding vibration plate; the camera is suspended directly above the feeding vibration plate through the bracket, with its axis perpendicular to the operating table, and the height can be adjusted according to the needs of image acquisition; the duckbill suction nozzle is fixed to the outside of the side of the material frame with the cleaning port, and its installation angle is consistent with the opening angle of the cleaning port of the material frame, which is 60° with the horizontal plane, and the suction nozzle mouth fits with the vertical surface of the outer side of the material frame.

[0098] The feeding unit utilizes pneumatic feeding, which allows for non-destructive seed feeding. Combined with a photoelectric sensor and a vibrating feeding plate, this allows for quantitative seed loading and unloading. The angled discharge port allows the seeds to impact the pipe wall before falling, effectively dispersing the seeds. Pneumatic feeding ensures non-destructive seed loading, while photoelectric sensors provide quantitative feeding.

[0099] The folded ends of the pipe can disperse the seeds better. The fluid simulation experiment results are as follows:

[0100] Fluid simulation data:

[0101]

[0102] The mass of small seeds is generally 1kg / 1.5 million seeds, and the density is 0.6-1.6g / cm 3 , combined with existing poplar seed samples, the following seed parameters were obtained:

[0103] Seed parameters:

[0104] Single seed mass Single seed diameter Seed density <![CDATA[6.7*10 -4 g]]> 1mm <![CDATA[1g / cm 3 ]]>

[0105] refer to Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(f) Through the Fluent fluid simulation performed by Ansys software, it can be seen from the two sets of fluid simulation results that when the feeding pipe is provided with a 100° bend, the seeds can be better dispersed after multiple collisions at the bend during the pneumatic feeding process, which is convenient for subsequent image acquisition.

Claims

1. A pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds, comprising a loading unit and a cleaning unit, characterized in that The feeding unit includes a feeding pipe, a feeding funnel and a feeding vibration plate; The feed port of the feeding pipe is located at the top of the feeding pipe body; the discharge port of the feeding funnel is connected to the feed port of the feeding pipe; the discharge port of the feeding vibration plate corresponds to the feed port of the feeding funnel, so that the seeds contained in the vibration plate enter the feeding funnel due to vibration; the inlet end of the rear part of the feeding pipe is closed, and the inlet end is connected to the blowing source through the air pipe; the outlet end of the front part of the feeding pipe is open; the surface of the feeding vibration plate is inclined, and the position of the discharge port side of the feeding vibration plate is low; The feeding unit also includes a mechanism for sensing the amount of discharged seeds; The material cleaning unit includes a material cleaning vibration plate, a suction nozzle and a material separation judgment mechanism; The cleaning vibration plate is located below the outlet end of the feeding pipe; the inlet of the suction nozzle faces the inner side of the cleaning vibration plate, and the outlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the air pipe and then connected to the negative pressure pneumatic suction device; The other end of the suction device is connected to the collection bottle, and the seeds are directly sucked into the collection bottle through the suction device; The cleaning judgment mechanism collects information on the number of seeds in the cleaning vibration plate. If the seed cleaning is completed, the cleaning vibration plate stops vibrating and the suction nozzle stops sucking seeds. The operations of the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning judgment mechanism are controlled by the controller.

2. The pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that The radial cross-section of the feeding pipe is circular; a pressure equalizing orifice plate is connected inside the feeding pipe and behind the feeding port; the front part of the feeding pipe has a bend, the bend position is in front of the feeding port, and the outlet end faces obliquely downward.

3. The pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that the discharge The structure of the seed quantity sensing mechanism is that a photoelectric sensor is installed at the bend of the feeding pipe. Its working principle is that since the seeds are fed evenly and at a constant speed, the working time of the feeding vibration plate is controlled by the time that the seeds block the light of the photoelectric sensor, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the seed feeding quantity.

4. The pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that The material distribution judgment mechanism and the material cleaning judgment mechanism are both image acquisition devices, which collect image information in the material cleaning vibration plate, and then judge whether the seeds in the plate are evenly distributed and whether the seeds in the plate have been cleaned; The continuous vibration of the cleaning vibration plate separates the clustered seeds. The real-time image shows that the seeds are evenly distributed in the entire frame without overlap, indicating uniform dispersion. The seeds are sucked by the suction nozzle, and after the cleaning is completed, the pneumatic suction device and the cleaning vibration plate are turned off.

5. The pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that The upper edge of the cleaning vibration plate is surrounded by a material frame; a cleaning channel is opened on one side of the material frame, the inlet of the suction nozzle is connected to the outlet of the cleaning channel, and the inlet of the cleaning channel is on the inner side of the material frame; For the cleaning channel: the cleaning channel is inclined and flat, its inlet is lower than the outlet; the bottom edge of the inlet is flush with the surface of the cleaning vibration plate, and the width of the inlet is the same as the length of the side of the material frame where the inlet is located; the inlet of the suction nozzle is flat.

6. A method for loading and unloading poplar seeds using the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that First, the structure of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds was optimized, including: The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe are inner diameter 40mm, distance between bend and inlet end 116mm, distance between feed port and bend 40mm, and bending angle 100°; Then, the poplar seeds are loaded and unloaded in the following steps: 1) After placing the poplar seeds on the feeding vibration plate, start the pneumatic loading and unloading device; the controller controls the feeding vibration plate, the air blowing source, the discharge seed quantity sensing mechanism, the cleaning vibration plate, the pneumatic suction device, and the cleaning judgment mechanism to work; 2) Feeding vibration plate and air blowing source; poplar seeds gradually fall from the funnel into the feeding pipe under the vibration of the feeding vibration plate; Poplar seeds are blown by the air conveyor, hit the corner of the feeding pipe and then fall onto the cleaning vibrating plate; The photoelectric sensor at the outlet of the feeding pipe will close the feeding vibration plate to stop feeding when the number of seeds passing through reaches the set value, and keep the air conveying device open to empty the seeds in the pipe; The structural dimensions of the feeding pipe for poplar seeds are: inner diameter 40mm, distance between bend and blowing end 116mm, distance between feed port and bend 40mm, bend angle 100°; wind speed in the feeding pipe 5m / s; 3) Poplar seeds fall into the cleaning vibration plate, which continues to vibrate until they are completely dispersed, and then the camera is started to capture images; 4) The controller controls the unilateral vibration of the cleaning vibration plate to concentrate the seeds on one side of the cleaning pipe, and then starts the pneumatic suction device; 5) After determining that the seeds have been cleaned, turn off the cleaning vibration plate and pneumatic suction device.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The structural optimization of the pneumatic loading and unloading device for small seeds also includes: the structural dimensions of the cleaning channel are a cross-sectional length of 120 mm, a width of 8 mm, an inclination angle of 30°, and an overall height of 20 mm.

Images