Preparation method and application of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle multi-stimulation response composite material
By preparing polyacrylonitrile/polydopamine nanoparticle composite materials, using multiple stimulation to achieve shape memory, self-healing and remodeling response, the problem of single and non-repeatable stimulation response of existing materials is solved, and versatile and capable Repeatability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411828363.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the acrylonitrile matrix engineering materials have single stimulation response and cannot meet intelligent usage scenarios. At the same time, traditional polymer materials are difficult to self-repair and repeat processing, which limits the application scope of composite materials.
The multi-stimulus response composite material preparation method of polyacrylonitrile/polydopamine nanoparticles is used to achieve shape memory, self-healing and remodeling response under infrared, microwave and thermal stimulation, and has the ability to repeat processing.
It realizes multiple functions of shape memory, self-repair and remodeling response under different stimuli, solves the problems of single stimulus response, non-self-repair and non-repeatable processing of existing materials, and expands the application scope of composite materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN119490720A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles. Background Art
[0002] Stimuli-responsive polymer materials, also known as smart polymer materials, are a new type of functional polymer material that can sense specific external stimuli and undergo corresponding specific changes under the action of the stimulus signal. Stimuli-responsive materials are closely related to production and life and have entered all aspects of human society.
[0003] Shape memory means that a material can "remember" a certain state under certain conditions. After the shape of the material changes during use, it tends to restore its "memory" state under certain stimuli. Therefore, shape memory materials can change their shape in response to stimuli and are used in many aspects such as smart switches, medical stents, and even commodity packaging. Polyacrylonitrile is a polymer material prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile monomers. It has excellent mechanical properties, good heat resistance, good solvent resistance and chemical stability, making it a potential application raw material for photothermal responsive materials.
[0004] However, the existing polymer matrix engineering materials with acrylonitrile as the photothermal response generally have a single stimulus response, such as only producing responsive deformation to light or heat, which is difficult to meet the intelligent use scenarios. In addition, the vast majority of existing traditional polymer materials are cross-linked polymers, which cannot be repeatedly processed once formed, and the irreparability during use is still a problem that needs to be solved urgently, which greatly limits the application scope of composite materials. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a multi-stimulus-responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles. The material prepared by the method can complete shape memory, self-repair and remodeling response under different stimuli (infrared, microwave and heat), and can make multiple responses: shape memory, shape memory at a specific position, self-repair, self-repair at a specific position, shape remodeling and repeated processing. It can effectively solve the problem that the existing materials have a single stimulus response, cannot be self-repaired and cannot be repeatedly processed.
[0006] The first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing and using a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles, comprising the following steps:
[0007] 1) Add dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to a certain temperature, mix acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate and initiator evenly, titrate at a constant current and continue the reaction at a constant temperature, cool the solution, pour it into a large amount of methanol for precipitation, and obtain a light yellow solid;
[0008] 2) dissolving light yellow solids with different epoxy group contents in dimethylformamide, adding a certain amount of furfurylthiol, and using triethylamine as a catalyst, heating, and nitrogen protection for 24 hours to precipitate the viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0009] 3) The above product and a certain amount of bismaleimide diphenylmethane are dissolved in dimethylformamide, polydopamine nanoparticles are added and stirred vigorously, reacted at a certain temperature, vacuum dried, and the solvent is removed to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile-polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0010] Furthermore, step 1) further comprises: the four-necked flask is respectively equipped with a condensation reflux, a mechanical stirrer and a thermometer to ensure that the monomers can be stirred evenly and the reaction is complete.
[0011] Furthermore, in step 1), the initiator is a solvent-based initiator, which is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobisisoheptanenitrile, the heating temperature is 80-90°C, the constant current titration time is 2-5h, and the constant temperature reaction temperature is 70-80°C.
[0012] Furthermore, in step 1), the solvent-based initiator is preferably azobisisobutyronitrile, the heating temperature is 80° C., the constant current titration time is 3 hours, and the constant temperature is 75° C. This condition can effectively ensure the complete reaction of the monomers.
[0013] Furthermore, in step 1), the mass ratio of acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate is 10:1-3:2-4, and the molar ratio of the initiator to acrylonitrile is 1-3:500.
[0014] Furthermore, in step 2), the mass ratio of the light yellow solid to furfuryl mercaptan is 10:2-5, the mass fraction ratio of the catalyst triethylamine to furfuryl mercaptan is 3-5%, and the reaction heating temperature is 70-80°C.
[0015] Furthermore, in step 3), the mass ratio of the light yellow product to bismaleimide diphenylmethane is 10:1-5, the mass fraction ratio of polydopamine nanoparticles to the light yellow product is 0-1.5%, the reaction temperature is 50-70°C, and the reaction time is 24-48h.
[0016] Furthermore, in step 3), the preferred reaction temperature is 60° C. and the reaction time is 36 h.
[0017] The second aspect of the present invention also provides a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles, which is prepared by the above method. The composite material can achieve multiple responsiveness such as shape memory, self-repair and remodeling response under different stimuli.
[0018] The third aspect of the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned multi-stimulus-responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles in multi-stimulus-responsiveness and shape memory.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] (1) The present invention prepares a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles through precise structural design. In the material, the polydopamine nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed between the polymer segments, and the polymer segments are dynamically cross-linked through the diene reaction of the furan ring and the maleimide group, thereby realizing the remodeling processing characteristics of the material.
[0021] (2) The polydopamine nanoparticles in the present invention are mutually dispersed with the dynamic cross-linking network. Under the action of infrared light or microwaves, the polydopamine nanoparticles can act as a heat conversion unit, converting energy into heat energy, thereby causing the diene reaction to undergo a reverse reaction, thereby achieving the self-repair and repeatable processing performance of the material. In addition, local controllable self-repair can also be achieved by adjusting the intensity of infrared light.
[0022] (3) The polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material of the present invention, based on the glass transition temperature and the dynamic cross-linking conversion temperature of the diene reaction, can have macroscopic and local controllable dynamic response performance to triple stimuli such as infrared, heating, and microwave, and can achieve multiple responsiveness such as shape memory, self-repair and remodeling under different stimuli.
[0023] (4) The composite material of the present invention has an exquisite structural design, excellent multi-stimulus response performance and shape memory function, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 The scanning electron microscope images of different polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite materials in the comparative example and Example 2 of this application are shown in FIG. Figure 1 (a) is an electron micrograph of a polyacrylonitrile material without adding polydopamine nanoparticles in a comparative example; Figure 1 (b) is an electron microscope image of the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2.
[0025] Figure 2 The temperature change diagram of the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material with different contents in the comparative example and examples 1-3 under infrared light.
[0026] Figure 3 The polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2 of the present application has material self-repair and repeated processing performance under different conditions. Figure 3 (a) is the self-healing diagram of the composite material under different infrared irradiation times; Figure 3 (b) is the self-healing diagram of the composite material under different microwave times. Figure 3 (c) is the processing and reshaping diagram of the composite material at high temperature.
[0027] Figure 4 This is the dual shape memory performance of the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2 of the present application under different stimulation sources (infrared, microwave, heating). DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
[0029] Embodiment 1:
[0030] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to 80°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 1 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 2 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 2 h, and react at a constant temperature of 70°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0031] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 2 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0032] 3) Dissolve 10 g of the light yellow product and 1 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane in dimethylformamide, add 50 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles and stir vigorously, react at 60° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dry to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0033] Embodiment 2:
[0034] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide to a four-necked flask, heat to 85°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 1 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 2 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 3 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0035] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 2 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0036] 3) Dissolve 10 g of the light yellow product and 1 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane in dimethylformamide, add 100 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles and stir vigorously, react at 70° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dry to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0037] Embodiment 3:
[0038] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to 90°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 1 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 2 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 4 h, and react at a constant temperature of 80°C. After cooling, pour it into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0039] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 2 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0040] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 1 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 150 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 80° C. for 48 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0041] Embodiment 4:
[0042] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide to a four-necked flask, heat to 80°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 2 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 2 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 4 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0043] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 3 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0044] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 4 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 60 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 65° C. for 24 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0045] Embodiment 5:
[0046] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide to a four-necked flask, heat to 85°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 2 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 3 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 2 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0047] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 2 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0048] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 5 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 80 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 70° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0049] Embodiment 6:
[0050] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to 90°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 2 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 4 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 3 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0051] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 3 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0052] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 1 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 120 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 60° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0053] Embodiment 7:
[0054] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide to a four-necked flask, heat to 80°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 3 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 2 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 3 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0055] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 4 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, react for 24 h under nitrogen protection, precipitate the viscous solution, and obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0056] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 2 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 140 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 60° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0057] Embodiment 8:
[0058] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to 80°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 3 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 3 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 3 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0059] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 5 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0060] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 3 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 60 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 60° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0061] Embodiment 9:
[0062] 1) Add 40 ml of dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to 80°C, mix 10 g of acrylonitrile, 3 g of glycidyl methacrylate, 4 g of isobutyl methacrylate and the initiator, titrate at a constant current for 3 h, and react at a constant temperature of 75°C. After cooling, pour into methanol for precipitation to obtain a light yellow solid;
[0063] 2) Dissolve 10 g of light yellow solid in dimethylformamide, add 2 g of furfurylthiol, and use triethylamine as a catalyst, heat to 70°C, and react for 24 h under nitrogen protection to precipitate a viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products;
[0064] 3) 10 g of the light yellow product and 4 g of bismaleimide diphenylmethane were dissolved in dimethylformamide, 80 mg of polydopamine nanoparticles were added and stirred vigorously, reacted at 60° C. for 36 h, and vacuum dried to remove the solvent to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
[0065] Comparative Example
[0066] The composite material provided in this comparative example can refer to Example 2, except that no polydopamine nanoparticles are added.
[0067] Application Examples
[0068] The cross sections of the different polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite materials in the comparative example and Example 2 were scanned by a scanning electron microscope. Figure 1 (a) is a scanning electron microscope image of the polyacrylonitrile material without adding polydopamine nanoparticles in the comparative example. It can be found from the figure that the cross section of the polyacrylonitrile material only has a large fracture tear surface and edge structures between tear surfaces with different gradients. Figure 1 (b) is a scanning electron microscope image of the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2. It can be found from the image that the polydopamine nanoparticles are evenly dispersed in the middle of the polymer chain of polyacrylonitrile, indicating that the two form a uniformly distributed composite material.
[0069] 1w / cm 2 The composite materials in the comparative example and Examples 1-3 were irradiated with an infrared laser light source 10 cm above the sample to conduct in-situ temperature testing, and the influence of the polydopamine nanoparticle content in the material on the speed of stimulus responsiveness was studied through the thermal effect of the infrared laser. Figure 2 It can be found that in the comparative example without adding polydopamine nanoparticles, after 120s of irradiation, the temperature is 53±3.5°C, which is much lower than the temperature of the reverse diene reaction. In Examples 1-3, as the content of polydopamine nanoparticles increases, the temperature rises rapidly. In Example 2, when the illumination time is only 20s, the temperature of the reverse diene reaction can be reached, indicating that the polydopamine nanoparticles have a high photothermal conversion efficiency.
[0070] The polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2 was cross-scratched using a cutter, and then tested for self-healing properties under microwave oven and infrared light, and for remodeling properties under a hot press at 130°C. Figure 3 (a) is a self-healing diagram of the composite material under different infrared irradiation times. It can be seen from the figure that after 40 seconds of irradiation, the scratches on the surface can be completely repaired. Figure 3 (b) is the self-healing diagram of the composite material under different microwave times. It can be seen from the figure that when heated in a microwave oven for only 10 seconds, the scratches on the surface can be completely repaired, indicating that the composite material has excellent self-healing properties. Figure 3 (c) is the 130°C reshaping performance diagram of the composite material. It can be seen from the figure that the material fragments can be reshaped into complete materials when a certain pressure is applied at 130°C, thereby achieving recycling and repeated processing.
[0071] The polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material in Example 2 was tested for dual shape memory performance based on glass transition temperature and diene reaction temperature under different stimulation sources (infrared, microwave, heating). Figure 4It can be found that after the composite material is temporarily fixed in shape and then raised above the glass transition temperature and above the diene reaction temperature, it can quickly return to a fixed shape, and two shape memory functions can be achieved at the same time, indicating that the material has a stable dual shape memory effect.
[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Add dimethylformamide into a four-necked flask, heat it to a certain temperature, mix acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate and initiator evenly, titrate at a constant current and continue the reaction at a constant temperature, cool the solution, pour it into a large amount of methanol for precipitation, and obtain a light yellow solid; 2) dissolving light yellow solids with different epoxy group contents in dimethylformamide, adding a certain amount of furfurylthiol, and using triethylamine as a catalyst, heating, and nitrogen protection for 24 hours to precipitate the viscous solution to obtain a series of light yellow products; 3) The above product and a certain amount of bismaleimide diphenylmethane are dissolved in dimethylformamide, polydopamine nanoparticles are added and stirred vigorously, reacted at a certain temperature, vacuum dried, and the solvent is removed to obtain a black polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material.
2. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the initiator is a solvent-based initiator, which is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobisisoheptanenitrile, the heating temperature is 80-90°C, the constant current titration time is 2-5h, and the constant temperature reaction temperature is 70-80°C.
3. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1), the initiator is a solvent-based initiator, specifically azobisisobutyronitrile, the heating temperature is 80° C., the constant current titration time is 3 hours, and the constant temperature is 75° C.
4. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the mass ratio of acrylonitrile, glycidyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate is 10:1-3:2-4, and the molar ratio of the initiator to acrylonitrile is 1-3:
500.
5. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the mass ratio of the light yellow solid to furfuryl mercaptan is 10:2-5, the mass fraction ratio of the catalyst triethylamine to furfuryl mercaptan is 3-5%, and the reaction heating temperature is 70-80°C.
6. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the mass ratio of the light yellow product to bismaleimide diphenylmethane is 10:1-5, the mass fraction ratio of polydopamine nanoparticles to the light yellow product is 0-1.5%, the reaction temperature is 50-70° C., and the reaction time is 24-48 h.
7. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step 3) also includes a reaction temperature of 60° C. and a reaction time of 36 hours.
8. The method for preparing a multi-stimulus responsive composite material of polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticle composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used as a matrix or a composite material.
9. Use of any one of the polyacrylonitrile / polydopamine nanoparticles multi-stimulus responsive composite materials according to claim 8 in multi-stimulus responsiveness and shape memory, characterized in that: The applied stimulus response source is infrared, heating, microwave, etc., which can realize macroscopic and local controllable shape memory function.