A method for preparing a non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite
The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was prepared by a two-step ball milling-pressure infiltration method, which solved the problem of high strength but low plasticity in the existing technology and realized the preparation of high-strength, high-plasticity and high-modulus materials, which are suitable for industrial production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411683694.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-11-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites have high strength but low plasticity, and existing preparation methods suffer from problems such as high equipment costs, difficulty in industrialization, and frequent defects such as porosity in the materials.
A two-step ball milling-pressure infiltration method was adopted to embed nano-silicon carbide particles through high-energy ball milling and the addition of process control agents, combined with low-speed mixing and liquid phase method to prepare non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
The prepared material has high strength, high plasticity and high modulus, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. Its tensile strength can reach 768 MPa, its elastic modulus is above 109 GPa, its elongation is maintained above 13.6%, and it is not easy to crack during processing.
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Figure CN119491136B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material. Background Technology
[0002] Aluminum-based composites are characterized by low density, good plasticity, excellent processing performance, and a small coefficient of thermal expansion; while silicon carbide particles have advantages such as high hardness, good wear resistance, a small coefficient of thermal expansion, and stable chemical properties. Aluminum-based composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronic packaging fields due to their high specific strength, specific stiffness, excellent wear resistance, and dimensional stability.
[0003] The addition of silicon carbide increases the strength of composite materials, but significantly reduces their ductility and toughness. Some researchers have replaced micron-sized silicon carbide with nano-sized silicon carbide particles to achieve increased strength and toughness in aluminum-based composites while maintaining high elongation. Low-content nano-silicon carbide does achieve a balance between strength and ductility in aluminum-based composites, but the strengthening effect is not significant. Increasing the content of nano-silicon carbide, however, leads to a substantial decrease in both the strength and ductility of the composite material.
[0004] Some scholars have studied micro-nano reinforced hybrid aluminum matrix composites. They simultaneously mix silicon carbide particles of different sizes with aluminum or aluminum alloys to obtain uniformly distributed composite powders, which are then shaped using powder sintering, SPS, and pressureless infiltration processes. This method of simultaneously mixing silicon carbide particles with aluminum or aluminum alloys produces heterogeneous composites that achieve a synergistic effect of strength and plasticity, but the strengthening effect is not significant, resulting in low composite strength, with a tensile strength not exceeding 400 MPa. Furthermore, composites prepared by powder metallurgy and pressureless infiltration often exhibit defects such as porosity, leading to reduced strength. Meanwhile, the equipment cost of spark plasma sintering is high, and it is difficult to meet the demands of industrial-scale, mass production. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem of high strength and low plasticity of existing silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. A non-uniform silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high strength, high plasticity and high modulus is prepared by a two-step ball milling-pressure impregnation method.
[0006] The preparation method of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
[0007] I. Weighing Materials
[0008] Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 9-12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent.
[0009] The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 50-150 nm;
[0010] The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 10-50 μm;
[0011] II. High-energy ball milling
[0012] The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder.
[0013] III. Low-speed mixing
[0014] The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained.
[0015] IV. Compression Molding
[0016] The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0017] V. Precursor Sintering
[0018] The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0019] The sintering temperature in step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 to 6 hours.
[0020] VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method
[0021] The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.
[0022] The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one.
[0023] Beneficial principles and effects of the present invention:
[0024] 1. This invention uses a two-step ball milling method and a pressure infiltration method to prepare non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The process is simple, easy to operate, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and low-cost, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.
[0025] 2. The micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the present invention has a non-uniform microstructure. The nano silicon carbide particles are embedded inside the aluminum matrix particles, which hinder dislocation movement and have little impact on the deformation of the matrix. Therefore, it can improve the strength of the material while maintaining high plasticity. The micron silicon carbide particles are distributed on the surface of the aluminum matrix particles, which hinder dislocation movement and matrix deformation, thereby improving the strength and stiffness of the material.
[0026] 3. In this invention, an appropriate amount of process control agent is added during the high-energy ball milling process, which can suppress the occurrence of cold welding during ball milling and make the powder uniformly dispersed; at the same time, fine nano-silicon carbide particles are generated in situ in the precursor after sintering, which improves the strength of the material.
[0027] 4. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by this invention has high density, is not prone to cracking during subsequent processing, and exhibits good overall performance. After extrusion treatment, the composite material can achieve a tensile strength of up to 768 MPa, an elastic modulus of over 109 GPa, and an elongation of over 13.6%.
[0028] 5. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by this invention has high plasticity and toughness, and can undergo large plastic deformation processing, such as rolling and extrusion. The composite material billet can be rolled into a sheet with a minimum thickness of about 0.3 mm, exhibiting excellent performance.
[0029] 6. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by this invention has high strength, high stiffness and high plasticity, and good comprehensive mechanical properties. It solves the problem of poor plasticity of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in Example 1;
[0031] Figure 2 The image shows a micrograph of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in Example 1; it can be seen that the prepared micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has a non-uniform microstructure. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, but also includes any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.
[0033] Specific Implementation Method 1: The preparation method of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in this implementation method is carried out according to the following steps:
[0034] I. Weighing Materials
[0035] Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 9-12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent.
[0036] The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 50-150 nm;
[0037] The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 10-50 μm;
[0038] II. High-energy ball milling
[0039] The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder.
[0040] III. Low-speed mixing
[0041] The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained.
[0042] IV. Compression Molding
[0043] The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0044] V. Precursor Sintering
[0045] The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0046] The sintering temperature in step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 to 6 hours.
[0047] VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method
[0048] The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.
[0049] The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one.
[0050] This embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
[0051] 1. This embodiment uses a two-step ball milling method and a pressure infiltration method to prepare non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The process is simple, easy to operate, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and low-cost, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.
[0052] 2. The micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has a non-uniform microstructure. The nano silicon carbide particles are embedded inside the aluminum matrix particles, which hinder dislocation movement and have little impact on the deformation of the matrix. Therefore, it can improve the strength of the material while maintaining high plasticity. The micron silicon carbide particles are distributed on the surface of the aluminum matrix particles, which hinder dislocation movement and matrix deformation, thereby improving the strength and stiffness of the material.
[0053] 3. In this embodiment, an appropriate amount of process control agent is added during the high-energy ball milling process, which can suppress the occurrence of cold welding during ball milling and make the powder uniformly dispersed; at the same time, fine nano-silicon carbide particles are generated in situ in the precursor after sintering, which improves the strength of the material.
[0054] 4. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has high density, is not prone to cracking during subsequent processing, and exhibits good overall performance. After extrusion treatment, the composite material can achieve a maximum tensile strength of 768 MPa, an elastic modulus of over 109 GPa, and an elongation of over 13.6%.
[0055] 5. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has high plasticity and toughness, and can undergo large plastic deformation processing, such as rolling and extrusion. The composite material billet can be rolled into a sheet with a minimum thickness of about 0.3 mm, exhibiting excellent performance.
[0056] 6. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has high strength, high stiffness and high plasticity, and good comprehensive mechanical properties. It solves the problem of poor plasticity of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and has broad application prospects.
[0057] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the process control agent mentioned in step one is polysilazane or polysiloxane; the process control agent is 1 to 3% of the total mass of nano-silicon carbide particles and aluminum alloy powder.
[0058] Specific Implementation Method 3: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method 1 or 2 in that the aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step 1 is one or a combination of several of the following: pure aluminum, Al-Si alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.
[0059] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method differs from one of the specific implementation methods one to three in that: the ball-to-material mass ratio of the high-energy ball mill in step two is 10:1, the rotation speed is 200-300 r / min, and the ball milling time is 4-6 h.
[0060] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Four in that: the rotation speed of the low-speed mixing in step three is 40-50 r / min; the ball-to-material mass ratio is 5-10:1; and the mixing time is 4-6 h.
[0061] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Five in that the pressing pressure in step four is 60-70 KN; the holding time is 10-20 min.
[0062] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One through Six in that: the vacuuming process described in step Five is performed to a vacuum degree of 0-10. -3 Pa.
[0063] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method differs from one of the specific implementation methods one to seven in that the protective gas in step five is nitrogen, argon, or helium.
[0064] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods One to Eight in that the protective atmosphere described in step six is an argon atmosphere.
[0065] Specific Implementation Method 10: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Methods 1 to 9 in that the mechanical pressure applied during impregnation in step 6 is 5 to 10 MPa.
[0066] Example 1
[0067] The preparation method of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
[0068] I. Weighing Materials
[0069] Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent.
[0070] The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 150 nm;
[0071] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one has a particle size of 10 μm;
[0072] The process control agent mentioned in step one is polysiloxane; the process control agent is 3% of the total mass of nano-silicon carbide particles and aluminum alloy powder;
[0073] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 6061 aluminum alloy;
[0074] II. High-energy ball milling
[0075] The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder.
[0076] In step two, the ball-to-material mass ratio for the high-energy ball mill is 10:1, the rotation speed is 200 r / min, and the milling time is 6 h.
[0077] III. Low-speed mixing
[0078] The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained.
[0079] In step three, the low-speed mixing speed is 50 r / min; the ball-to-material mass ratio is 10:1; and the mixing time is 6 h.
[0080] IV. Compression Molding
[0081] The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0082] In step four, the pressing pressure is 60 kN; the holding time is 10 minutes.
[0083] V. Precursor Sintering
[0084] The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0085] Step five involves evacuating the vacuum to a degree of 10. -3 Pa;
[0086] The sintering temperature in step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 hours.
[0087] The protective gas in step five is nitrogen;
[0088] VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method
[0089] The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.
[0090] The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one;
[0091] The protective atmosphere described in step six is an argon atmosphere;
[0092] The mechanical pressure applied during impregnation in step six is 5 MPa.
[0093] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in Example 1. The nano-silicon carbide particles are embedded inside the aluminum matrix particles, which can hinder dislocation movement and have little impact on the deformation of the matrix. Therefore, it can improve the strength of the material while maintaining high plasticity. The micron-sized silicon carbide particles are distributed on the surface of the aluminum matrix particles, which hinder dislocation movement and matrix deformation, thereby improving the strength and stiffness of the material. Figure 2 The image shows a micrograph of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in Example 1. It can be seen that the prepared micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has a non-uniform microstructure. The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this example has a tensile strength of 721 MPa, an elastic modulus of 118 GPa, and an elongation of 14.7%.
[0094] Example 2
[0095] The preparation method of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
[0096] I. Weighing Materials
[0097] Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent.
[0098] The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 150 nm;
[0099] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one has a particle size of 50 μm;
[0100] The process control agent mentioned in step one is polysilazane; the process control agent is 3% of the total mass of nano-silicon carbide particles and aluminum alloy powder;
[0101] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 6061 aluminum alloy;
[0102] II. High-energy ball milling
[0103] The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder.
[0104] In step two, the ball-to-material mass ratio for the high-energy ball mill is 10:1, the rotation speed is 200 r / min, and the milling time is 6 h.
[0105] III. Low-speed mixing
[0106] The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained.
[0107] In step three, the low-speed mixing speed is 40 r / min; the ball-to-material mass ratio is 10:1; and the mixing time is 6 h.
[0108] IV. Compression Molding
[0109] The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0110] In step four, the pressing pressure is 60 kN; the holding time is 10 minutes.
[0111] V. Precursor Sintering
[0112] The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0113] Step five involves evacuating the vacuum to a degree of 10. -3 Pa;
[0114] The sintering temperature in step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 hours.
[0115] The protective gas in step five is nitrogen;
[0116] VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method
[0117] The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.
[0118] The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one;
[0119] The protective atmosphere described in step six is an argon atmosphere;
[0120] The mechanical pressure applied during impregnation in step six is 5 MPa.
[0121] The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has a tensile strength of 689 MPa, an elastic modulus of 112 GPa, and an elongation of 14.1%.
[0122] Example 3
[0123] The preparation method of the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
[0124] I. Weighing Materials
[0125] Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent.
[0126] The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 50 nm;
[0127] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one has a particle size of 10 μm;
[0128] The process control agent mentioned in step one is polysiloxane; the process control agent is 3% of the total mass of nano-silicon carbide particles and aluminum alloy powder;
[0129] The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 6061 aluminum alloy;
[0130] II. High-energy ball milling
[0131] The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder.
[0132] In step two, the ball-to-material mass ratio for the high-energy ball mill is 10:1, the rotation speed is 250 r / min, and the milling time is 4 h.
[0133] III. Low-speed mixing
[0134] The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained.
[0135] In step three, the low-speed mixing speed is 40 r / min; the ball-to-material mass ratio is 10:1; and the mixing time is 4 h.
[0136] IV. Compression Molding
[0137] The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0138] In step four, the pressing pressure is 60 kN; the holding time is 10 minutes.
[0139] V. Precursor Sintering
[0140] The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor.
[0141] Step five involves evacuating the vacuum to a degree of 10. -3 Pa;
[0142] The sintering temperature in step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 hours.
[0143] The protective gas in step five is nitrogen;
[0144] VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method
[0145] The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.
[0146] The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one;
[0147] The protective atmosphere described in step six is an argon atmosphere;
[0148] The mechanical pressure applied during impregnation in step six is 5 MPa.
[0149] The non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared in this embodiment has a tensile strength of 768 MPa, an elastic modulus of 109 GPa, and an elongation of 13.6%.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, characterized in that: The preparation method of non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is carried out according to the following steps: I. Weighing Materials Weigh out 3% by volume of nano-silicon carbide particles, 9-12% by volume of micron-sized silicon carbide particles, and the remainder of aluminum alloy powder as raw materials; and weigh out the process control agent. The particle size of the nano-silicon carbide particles mentioned in step one is 50-150 nm; The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is 10-50 μm; II. High-energy ball milling The nano-silicon carbide particles, aluminum alloy powder and process control agent weighed in step one are placed into a ball mill jar for high-energy mechanical ball milling. The high-energy ball milling allows the nano-silicon carbide particles to embed into the aluminum matrix. At the same time, the process control agent can prevent the powder from cold welding during the grinding process, thus obtaining nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder. III. Low-speed mixing The micron-sized silicon carbide particles weighed in step one are mixed with the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder obtained in step two at a low speed, so that the micron-sized silicon carbide particles are uniformly dispersed in the nano-silicon carbide-aluminum composite material powder, and micro-nano silicon carbide hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material powder is obtained. IV. Compression Molding The composite material powder obtained in step four is placed into a steel mold and pressed into shape using a press to obtain a silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor. V. Precursor Sintering The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor obtained in step four is placed in an atmosphere furnace. After the atmosphere furnace is closed, a vacuum is drawn, and then a protective gas is introduced. The silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor is sintered under a protective atmosphere. After sintering, the mold is removed after the atmosphere furnace temperature drops to room temperature to obtain a high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite material precursor. The sintering temperature for step five is 600℃, and the sintering time is 4 to 6 hours. VI. Preparation of Non-uniform Micro-Nano SiCp Hybrid Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Liquid Phase Method The high-density silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor obtained in step five is preheated, and an aluminum alloy matrix of the same volume as the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor is weighed. The aluminum alloy matrix is heated to the melting temperature to obtain aluminum alloy melt. Then, the aluminum alloy melt is infiltrated into the silicon carbide-aluminum composite precursor under a protective atmosphere and mechanical pressure. Finally, it is cooled and solidified in air to obtain a non-uniform micro-nano silicon carbide particle hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot. The composition of the aluminum alloy matrix is the same as that of the aluminum alloy powder in step one.
2. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process control agent mentioned in step one is polysilazane or polysiloxane; the process control agent is 1 to 3% of the total mass of nano-silicon carbide particles and aluminum alloy powder.
3. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy powder mentioned in step one is one or a combination of several of the following: pure aluminum, Al-Si alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Zn-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.
4. The method for preparing the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the ball-to-material mass ratio for high-energy ball milling is 10:1, the rotation speed is 200-300 r / min, and the milling time is 4-6 h.
5. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the low-speed mixing speed is 40-50 r / min; the ball-to-material mass ratio is 5-10:1; and the mixing time is 4-6 h.
6. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the pressing pressure is 60–70 kN; the holding time is 10–20 min.
7. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step five involves evacuating the vacuum to a degree of 0-10. -3 Pa.
8. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective gas in step five is nitrogen, argon, or helium.
9. The method for preparing non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective atmosphere described in step six is an argon atmosphere.
10. The method for preparing the non-uniform micro-nano SiCp hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical pressure applied during impregnation in step six is 5–10 MPa.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Micro-nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
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Micronano particle hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
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