Energy conversion system based on photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable space science, and particularly discloses a photovoltaic electrolytic fuel cell energy conversion system based on super capacitor energy storage and a working method.The photovoltaic electrolytic fuel cell energy conversion system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, a PEM electrolytic cell module, a super capacitor module, an oxyhydrogen storage module and a fuel cell module; the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected with the super capacitor module and the PEM electrolytic cell module and used for supplying power to the super capacitor module and the PEM electrolytic cell module. The PEM electrolytic cell module is connected with the oxyhydrogen storage module through a pipeline, and hydrogen and oxygen generated by water electrolysis of the PEM electrolytic cell module are conveyed to the oxyhydrogen storage module; the oxyhydrogen storage module is respectively connected with the fuel cell module and the fuel power propulsion system and is used for respectively providing fuel consisting of hydrogen and oxygen for the fuel cell module and the fuel power propulsion system; the super capacitor and the fuel cell module are connected with a load and provide electric energy for the load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of renewable space science and technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system based on supercapacitor energy storage and a working method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the energy conversion systems for aerostats on the market mainly include devices that combine solar power generation and water electrolysis to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. However, their ability to coordinate energy supply between systems is poor and difficult to apply. Their main problems include the unevenness of light, which leads to different power supply states or unstable power supply of photovoltaic power generation, which in turn leads to instability in the fuel supply and load power supply of the water electrolysis combined hydrogen production system for the fuel-powered propulsion system, and the coordination of the system parts is poor.

[0003] For example, CN117937578A discloses a multiple renewable energy system and its working method, wherein the multiple renewable energy system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, water electrolysis hydrogen production, a hydrogen supply system, a fuel cell power generation system, an energy storage system, an air source heating system, and a water storage tank. The system and its working method provided integrate multiple renewable energy sources: photovoltaic power generation system, water electrolysis hydrogen production, fuel cell power generation system and air source heating system, but its energy renewable utilization and energy supply cycle are prone to energy waste and untimely energy supply problems, and the situation of generating kinetic energy is not considered, so it is not suitable for application in the energy system of aerostats.

[0004] Therefore, the existing energy conversion system for aerostats has problems in terms of energy renewable utilization and energy supply cycle, which are prone to energy waste, untimely energy supply and failure to consider kinetic energy generation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system based on supercapacitor energy storage, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the existing energy conversion system for aerostats has the problems of energy renewable utilization and energy supply cycle, which easily lead to energy waste, untimely energy supply and failure to consider the generation of kinetic energy.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system, comprising a photovoltaic power generation system, a PEM electrolyzer module, a supercapacitor module, a hydrogen and oxygen storage module and a fuel cell module;

[0008] The photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module and the PEM electrolyzer module, and is used to supply power to the supercapacitor module and the PEM electrolyzer module respectively;

[0009] The PEM electrolyzer module is connected to the hydrogen and oxygen storage module through a pipeline, and the hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water by the PEM electrolyzer module are transported to the hydrogen and oxygen storage module;

[0010] The hydrogen and oxygen storage modules are connected to the fuel cell module and the fuel power propulsion system, respectively, to provide fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module and the fuel power propulsion system, respectively;

[0011] Wherein, the super capacitor and the fuel cell module are both connected to a load to provide electrical energy to the load.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module and the PEM electrolyzer module through an MPPT controller, and a DC / DC buck is connected between the photovoltaic power generation system and the MPPT controller.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the super capacitor is connected to the PEM electrolyzer module via a wire, and the super capacitor is used to supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the cathode water outlet of the fuel cell module is connected to the water tank water inlet of the PPEM electrolyzer module through a pipeline.

[0015] This embodiment provides a working method based on the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system, including:

[0016] The power of the photovoltaic power generation system is set to P1, and the power of the PEM electrolyzer module is set to P2;

[0017] When P1>P2, the photovoltaic panel supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer module and the supercapacitor module simultaneously;

[0018] When P1<P2, the super capacitor module and the photovoltaic power generation system simultaneously supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module;

[0019] Wherein, when the capacitance of the super capacitor module reaches a first voltage value, power is supplied to the load, and when the capacitance is lower than the first voltage value, power is stopped to the load;

[0020] When the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module reaches a set pressure value, the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen is provided to the fuel power propulsion system; when the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module is lower than the set pressure value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module stops providing the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the present invention, when the supercapacitor module stops supplying power to the load, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module provides the fuel cell module with fuel consisting of hydrogen and oxygen, and the fuel cell module works to supply power to the load.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the power of the fuel-powered propulsion system is set to P3. When the power P1 of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than P3, and P3 is less than P2, the photovoltaic power generation system only supplies power to the supercapacitor module. When the capacity of the supercapacitor module reaches a set value, power is supplied to the PEM electrolyzer module and the load at the same time.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module is connected to the fuel cell module through a gas pipeline, and an electric control switch is arranged on the gas pipeline. A hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module, and a control signal of the electric control switch is formed according to the values ​​collected by the hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and the pressure sensor.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a second voltage value and a third voltage value are set, and the first voltage value is greater than the second voltage value, and the second voltage value is greater than the third voltage value;

[0025] When the capacitance of the supercapacitor module is lower than the second voltage value, the supercapacitor module stops supplying power to the PEM electrolyzer module;

[0026] When the capacitance of the super capacitor module is lower than the third voltage value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module provides hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the load.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention integrates multiple renewable energy systems: photovoltaic panels, PEM electrolyzers, supercapacitors, fuel cell modules, loads, and fuel-powered propulsion systems to achieve the best energy utilization effect and benefits, forming a multi-gradient and multi-energy complementary energy conversion system, realizing the diversified application of energy, improving energy utilization efficiency, and reducing energy waste.

[0029] The PEM electrolyzer of the present invention realizes better circulation operation of the system through auxiliary power storage and power supply of supercapacitors. In the case of insufficient light, it can also convert electrical energy into hydrogen and oxygen for energy storage. Two different energy storage routes are realized through supercapacitors and hydrogen and oxygen storage modules, providing stable electrical energy and fuel input for loads and fuel-powered propulsion systems.

[0030] As a novel photovoltaic electrolysis-fuel cell energy conversion system, the present invention can be applied to an aerostat power system in combination with a fuel-powered propulsion system to generate power output, improve the utilization efficiency of renewable energy, improve the utilization path of renewable energy, and provide stable power output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the working method of the photovoltaic electrolysis-fuel cell energy conversion system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a system connection method of a photovoltaic electrolysis-fuel cell energy conversion system of the present invention;

[0034] Reference numerals in the figures:

[0035] 10-photovoltaic power generation system; 20-PEM electrolyzer module; 30-supercapacitor module; 40-hydrogen and oxygen storage module; 50-fuel cell module; 60-fuel power propulsion system; 70-load. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system, including a photovoltaic power generation system 10, a PEM electrolyzer module 20, a supercapacitor module 30, a hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 and a fuel cell module 50;

[0038] The photovoltaic power generation system 10 is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module 30 and the PEM electrolyzer module 20, and is used to supply power to the supercapacitor module 30 and the PEM electrolyzer module 20 respectively;

[0039] The PEM electrolyzer module 20 is connected to the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 through a pipeline, and the hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water by the PEM electrolyzer module 20 are transported to the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40;

[0040] The hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 is connected to the fuel cell module 50 and the fuel power propulsion system 60, respectively, for providing fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50 and the fuel power propulsion system 60, respectively;

[0041] The super capacitor and the fuel cell module 50 are both connected to the load 70 to provide electrical energy to the load 70 .

[0042] The photovoltaic power generation system 10 is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module 30 and the PEM electrolyzer module 20 through the MPPT controller, and a DC / DC buck is connected between the photovoltaic power generation system 10 and the MPPT controller.

[0043] The supercapacitor is connected to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 via a wire, and the supercapacitor is used to supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 .

[0044] The cathode water outlet of the fuel cell module 50 is connected to the water tank water inlet of the PPEM electrolyzer module 20 through a pipeline.

[0045] This embodiment provides a working method based on a photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system, including:

[0046] The power of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is set to P1, and the power of the PEM electrolyzer module 20 is set to P2;

[0047] When P1>P2, the photovoltaic panel supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 and the supercapacitor module 30 at the same time;

[0048] When P1<P2, the super capacitor module 30 and the photovoltaic power generation system 10 simultaneously supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20;

[0049] When the capacitance of the super capacitor module 30 reaches a first voltage value, power is supplied to the load 70, and when the capacitance is lower than the first voltage value, power is stopped to the load 70;

[0050] When the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 reaches a set pressure value, the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen is provided to the fuel power propulsion system 60; when the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 is lower than the set pressure value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 stops providing the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50.

[0051] In the above working method, it is mainly used when the high-altitude aerostat is under sufficient lighting conditions, specifically:

[0052] (1) When P1>P2, the photovoltaic power generation module supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 and the supercapacitor module 30 at the same time;

[0053] Specifically, the supercapacitor module 30 is configured to include a power capacitor and an energy storage capacitor;

[0054] When the capacitance of the power capacitor is higher than the preset first voltage value, the switch S1 connecting the power capacitor to the load 70 is closed, and power is supplied to the load 70, and the excess power is stored in the energy storage capacitor. When the power capacitor is lower than the first voltage value, the switch S1 is opened, and power is stopped to the load 70.

[0055] The PEM electrolyzer module 20 generates sufficient hydrogen and oxygen under the continuous energy supply of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 and stores them in the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen storage bodies are multiple hydrogen storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks for use by the subsequent fuel cell module 50 and the fuel power propulsion system 60;

[0056] The hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 has pre-stored hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen and oxygen are supplied by electrolysis through the PEM electrolyzer module 20. At this time, the valve V1 of the fuel power propulsion system 60 can be continuously opened to supply fuel to the fuel power propulsion system 60;

[0057] When the power capacitor stops supplying power to the load 70, the fuel cell module 50 is started. At this time, the switch S2 connecting the fuel cell module 50 to the load 70 is in a closed state, supplying power to the load 70. When the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 is lower than the preset pressure value, the supply of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50 is stopped, and only the fuel power propulsion system 60 is supplied.

[0058] (2) When P1<P2, the switch S3 connecting the supercapacitor module 30 to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 is turned on, and the photovoltaic power generation system 10 and the supercapacitor module 30 simultaneously supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20;

[0059] The PEM electrolyzer module 20 generates sufficient hydrogen and oxygen under the continuous energy supply of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 and stores them in the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 for subsequent use by the fuel cell module 50 and the fuel-powered propulsion system 60;

[0060] The hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 has pre-stored hydrogen and oxygen, and generates hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis in the PEM electrolyzer for supply, and continuously opens the valve V1 of the fuel power propulsion system 60 to supply fuel to the fuel power propulsion system 60;

[0061] When the supercapacitor voltage is lower than the first voltage value, the switch S1 is opened and the power supply to the load 70 is stopped. The switch S2 is closed, the fuel cell module 50 is started, and the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 provides hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50 and supplies power to the load 70. When the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 is lower than the preset pressure value, the supply of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50 is stopped, and only fuel is provided to the fuel-powered propulsion system 60.

[0062] The power of the fuel-powered propulsion system 60 is set to P3. When the power P1 of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is less than P3, and P3 is less than P2, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 only supplies power to the supercapacitor module 30. When the capacity of the supercapacitor module 30 reaches the set value, power is supplied to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 and the load 70 at the same time.

[0063] The hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module is connected to the fuel cell module 50 through a gas pipeline, and an electric control switch is set on the gas pipeline. A hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and a pressure sensor are set in the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module, and a control signal of the electric control switch is formed according to the values ​​collected by the hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and the pressure sensor.

[0064] When the lighting conditions of the aerostat are insufficient:

[0065] The photovoltaic power generation system 10 stops working, and the supercapacitor module 30 supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20 and the load 70. At this time, the switches S1 and S3 are closed. When the voltage of the supercapacitor module 30 is lower than the second voltage value, the switch S3 is opened to stop supplying power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20.

[0066] The hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module continues to supply fuel to the power propulsion system, and valve V1 is closed;

[0067] When the voltage of the supercapacitor module 30 is lower than the voltage value 3, the switch S1 is opened, the switch S2 is closed, the fuel cell module 50 is started, the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module provides hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50, and the fuel cell module 50 supplies power to the load 70. When the pressure in the tank of the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module is lower than the preset pressure value, the supply of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module 50 is stopped, and only fuel is provided to the fuel power propulsion system 60.

[0068] Specifically: setting a second voltage value and a third voltage value, wherein the first voltage value is greater than the second voltage value, and the second voltage value is greater than the third voltage value;

[0069] When the capacitance of the supercapacitor module 30 is lower than the second voltage pressure value, the supercapacitor module 30 stops supplying power to the PEM electrolyzer module 20;

[0070] When the capacitance of the super capacitor module 30 is lower than the third voltage value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40 provides hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell module 50 supplies power to the load 70 .

[0071] The main working process of this implementation is:

[0072] When there is sufficient sunlight, when the photovoltaic power generation system 10 generates enough electricity to supply the PEM electrolyzer module 20 and the supercapacitor, the power supercapacitor is used to store energy and supply the load 70, and the excess electricity is stored in the supercapacitor module 30; the PEM electrolyzer module 20 is directly supplied with electricity through the photovoltaic power generation system 10 to generate hydrogen and oxygen for storage. When the supercapacitor module 30 is sufficient to supply the load 70, the hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the fuel propulsion system as fuel, and the remaining hydrogen and oxygen are stored in the hydrogen and oxygen storage module 40. When there is insufficient sunlight and the supercapacitor module 30 is insufficiently charged, the hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the fuel cell module 50 to generate electricity to supply the load 70.

[0073] The hydrogen and oxygen produced by the PEM electrolyzer are directly stored in the hydrogen and oxygen storage tanks and transported to the power propulsion system and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell through the gas pipeline. A controllable electromagnetic switch valve is provided on the gas pipeline to control the input of hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen storage tank and oxygen storage tank of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel storage module use gas hydrogen concentration measurement sensors and pressure measurement sensors. By comparing the measurement signal with the reference signal, the on-off of the switch valve on the gas pipeline is controlled, thereby achieving full utilization of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0074] The rear end of the photovoltaic power generation system 10 is connected to a DC / DC buck and an MPPT controller. The first MPPT controller uses a frequency divider to perform frequency division control on the current, thereby realizing frequency division control of power supply to the supercapacitor module 30 and the PEM electrolyzer module 20;

[0075] The load 70 connected to the supercapacitor module 30 and the PEM electrolyzer module 20 have an automatic sensing switch and an MPPT controller in the middle, and the rear end is connected to the load 70 working system and the PEM electrolyzer; the rear end of the fuel cell module 50 is connected to the load 70, and an automatic sensing switch is used in the middle to control the opening and closing of the circuit.

[0076] The photovoltaic electrolysis-fuel cell energy conversion system provided in this embodiment is applied to aerostats, which not only overcomes the problem of low efficiency of existing energy conversion systems of aerostats at high altitudes, but also improves the energy conversion path and has the potential to become a new energy conversion system for aerostats.

[0077] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present application within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system, comprising a photovoltaic power generation system (10), a PEM electrolyzer module (20), a supercapacitor module (30), a hydrogen and oxygen storage module (40) and a fuel cell module (50), characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation system (10) is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module (30) and the PEM electrolyzer module (20), and is used to supply power to the supercapacitor module (30) and the PEM electrolyzer module (20), respectively; The PEM electrolyzer module (20) is connected to a hydrogen and oxygen storage module (40) via a pipeline, and hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolyzing water in the PEM electrolyzer module (20) are transported to the hydrogen and oxygen storage module (40); The hydrogen and oxygen storage module (40) is connected to the fuel cell module (50) and the fuel-powered propulsion system (60) respectively, and is used to provide fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module (50) and the fuel-powered propulsion system (60) respectively; The supercapacitor and the fuel cell module (50) are both connected to a load (70) to provide electrical energy to the load (70).

2. The photovoltaic-electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation system (10) is electrically connected to the supercapacitor module (30) and the PEM electrolyzer module (20) via an MPPT controller, and a DC / DC buck is connected between the photovoltaic power generation system (10) and the MPPT controller.

3. The photovoltaic-electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The super capacitor is connected to the PEM electrolyzer module (20) via a wire, and the super capacitor is used to supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module (20).

4. The photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cathode water outlet of the fuel cell module (50) is connected to the water tank water inlet of the PPEM electrolyzer module (20) via a pipeline.

5. A working method of the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: The power of the photovoltaic power generation system is set to P1, and the power of the PEM electrolyzer module is set to P2; When P1>P2, the photovoltaic panel supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer module and the supercapacitor module simultaneously; When P1<P2, the super capacitor module and the photovoltaic power generation system simultaneously supply power to the PEM electrolyzer module; Wherein, when the capacitance of the super capacitor module reaches a first voltage value, power is supplied to the load, and when the capacitance is lower than the first voltage value, power is stopped to the load; When the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module reaches a set pressure value, the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen is provided to the fuel power propulsion system; when the pressure value of the hydrogen and oxygen storage module is lower than the set pressure value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module stops providing the fuel composed of hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell module.

6. A working method based on the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the super capacitor module stops supplying power to the load, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module provides the fuel cell module with fuel consisting of hydrogen and oxygen, and the fuel cell module works to supply power to the load.

7. A working method based on the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power of the fuel-powered propulsion system is set to P3. When the power P1 of the photovoltaic power generation system is less than P3, and P3 is less than P2, the photovoltaic power generation system only supplies power to the supercapacitor module. When the capacity of the supercapacitor module reaches a set value, power is supplied to the PEM electrolyzer module and the load at the same time.

8. A working method based on the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module is connected to the fuel cell module through a gas pipeline, and an electric control switch is arranged on the gas pipeline. A hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hydrogen and oxygen fuel storage module, and a control signal of the electric control switch is formed according to the values ​​collected by the hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensor and the pressure sensor.

9. A working method based on the photovoltaic electrolysis fuel cell energy conversion system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Setting a second voltage value and a third voltage value, wherein the first voltage value is greater than the second voltage value, and the second voltage value is greater than the third voltage value; When the capacitance of the supercapacitor module is lower than the second voltage value, the supercapacitor module stops supplying power to the PEM electrolyzer module; When the capacitance of the super capacitor module is lower than the third voltage value, the hydrogen and oxygen storage module provides hydrogen and oxygen to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell module supplies power to the load.

Images