Photovoltaic sensor, photovoltaic tracking system, fault diagnosis system and photovoltaic sensing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic sensor, a photovoltaic tracking system, a fault diagnosis system and a photovoltaic sensing method, and belongs to the field of sensors. The plurality of photodiodes are connected to the bottom of the mounting part and are connected in parallel; and the output signal detection module is connected with the plurality of photodiodes. The technical result of the invention is that it facilitates the accurate and efficient acquisition of solar radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic sensor, a photovoltaic tracking system, a fault diagnosis system and a photovoltaic sensing method. Background Art

[0002] The photovoltaic tracking system is a photovoltaic support system that can automatically track the sun and increase overall power generation. It is widely used in the field of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] Related photovoltaic tracking systems generally use astronomical algorithms. Astronomical algorithms use time as a variable to obtain the direction data of the sun relative to the earth at each moment. However, this direction data is only theoretical data and does not take the actual situation into consideration. It cannot reflect the actual value of the solar altitude angle and cannot accurately and efficiently obtain solar radiation. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic sensor, which is convenient for accurately and efficiently acquiring solar radiation; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic tracking system; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a fault diagnosis system; another purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic sensing method.

[0005] Technical solution: A photovoltaic sensor, comprising:

[0006] Photoelectric conversion components;

[0007] A mounting portion, the photoelectric conversion component is connected to the mounting portion, the mounting portion has a photosensitive surface, and the photoelectric conversion component is located on the photosensitive surface; and

[0008] An output signal detection module, wherein the photoelectric conversion component is electrically connected to the output signal detection module.

[0009] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion component includes a plurality of photodiodes, the plurality of photodiodes are connected in parallel with each other, and the plurality of photodiodes are electrically connected to the output signal detection module;

[0010] The plurality of photodiodes are configured as a plurality of first photodiodes arranged along an X direction and a plurality of second photodiodes arranged along a Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other, the plurality of first photodiodes and the plurality of second photodiodes are connected in parallel to each other, and the plurality of first photodiodes and the plurality of second photodiodes are both connected to the output signal detection module.

[0011] Optionally, the number of the first photodiodes and the number of the second photodiodes are both two.

[0012] Optionally, the mounting portion is used to collect sunlight, and the mounting portion includes:

[0013] Cylinder;

[0014] an opening provided at one end of the cylinder;

[0015] a bottom plate connected to the other end of the cylinder;

[0016] Wherein, the plurality of photodiodes are all connected to the bottom plate;

[0017] The photosensitive surface is the side of the bottom plate facing the inside of the cylinder

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a system self-balancing module connected to the output signal detection module.

[0019] A photovoltaic tracking system includes a photovoltaic sensor.

[0020] A fault diagnosis system includes a plurality of photovoltaic sensors, and also includes a weather signal receiving module and a fault alarm module connected to each other. The output signal detection modules of the plurality of photovoltaic sensors are communicatively connected to the weather signal receiving module and the fault alarm module.

[0021] A photovoltaic sensing method, comprising:

[0022] The photoelectric conversion component receives sunlight collected by the mounting portion;

[0023] The output signal detection module detects the output voltage signal of the photoelectric conversion component;

[0024] The output voltage signal detected in the current period is analyzed with the voltage threshold range of the current period. When the output voltage signal is lower than the voltage threshold range, the installation part is adjusted to make the detected output voltage signal within the voltage threshold range.

[0025] The output signal detection module detects the output voltage signal of the photoelectric conversion component, including:

[0026] According to formula 1: I PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ, and the photodiode is rotated around the X direction or Y direction to obtain several groups of I PDX =(CK*θ X )*E*η and I PDY =(CK*θ Y )*E*η, and then the unknown quantities E, η and K are obtained by solving the equation; where I PD is the photocurrent, I PDThe unit of is ampere, S is the photosensitive area, the unit of S is square meters, E is the irradiance, the unit of E is watts / square meter, η is the efficiency, C is the area of ​​the base plate, the unit of C is square meters, K is the proportional factor, θ is the angle of rotation of the photodiode around the X direction or Y direction, the unit of θ is degrees, I PDX is the photocurrent generated by the first photodiode, θ X is the angle of rotation of the first photodiode around the X direction, I PDY is the photocurrent generated by the second photodiode, θ Y is the angle of rotation of the second photodiode around the Y direction;

[0027] According to formula 3: I OUT =I PD +I DARK , and I OUT , where I OUT is the output current of the photodiode, I OUT The unit is ampere, I DARK is the dark current of the photodiode, I DARK The unit is ampere, I DARK Determined by the characteristics of the photodiode;

[0028] According to formula 4: U OUT =SUM(I OUT )*R, we get U OUT , where U OUT is the output voltage detected by the output signal detection module, SUM(I OUT ) is the output current I of a number of photodiodes OUT The sum of , R is the resistance of the output signal detection module;

[0029] The voltage threshold range calculation of the current period is shown as follows: 0 = k*I 0 *R, where I 0 =C*E*η, k is a coefficient, and k is set according to actual conditions, for example, k can be 0.7-1.

[0030] Optionally, when the size of the installation portion changes, the system self-balancing module is adjusted according to Formula 1: I PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ to recalculate the proportional factor K.

[0031] Optionally, the photovoltaic sensing method further comprises:

[0032] According to formula 5: θ = h*ζ and formula 6: Several sets of θ = h*ζ are obtained, and the unknown quantity ζ is obtained by solving the equation, and then the tilt angle of the photovoltaic sensor is predicted, where:

[0033] h is the theoretical solar altitude angle, and the unit of h is degree. is the latitude, The unit of is degree, δ is the solar declination angle, the unit of δ is degree, t is the hour angle of the sun at that time, the unit of t is degree, and ζ is the correction coefficient.

[0034] Beneficial effect: The output signal detection module is used to detect the sum of the output currents of several photodiodes connected in parallel (when the normal of the photosensitive surface of the photodiode points to the sun, the output current of a single photodiode is the largest) and obtain the output voltage. The larger the output voltage, the stronger the solar radiation. When the photovoltaic sensor of the present application is used in a photovoltaic tracking system, it is convenient for the photovoltaic panel components on the relevant photovoltaic tracking system to accurately and efficiently obtain solar radiation according to the output voltage of the output signal detection module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a photovoltaic sensor of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mounting portion of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is the second structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic sensor of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an application of a photovoltaic sensor of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of electrical connection of a photovoltaic sensor of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of electrical connections of a fault diagnosis system of the present invention;

[0041] In the figure: 1. installation part; 11. cylinder; 12. opening; 13. bottom plate; 21. first photodiode; 22. second photodiode; 3. output signal detection module; 4. system self-balancing module; 5. weather signal receiving module; 6. fault alarm module; 7. photovoltaic panel assembly; 8. photovoltaic sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Combination Figure 1-6 , this embodiment provides a photovoltaic sensor, including:

[0045] Installation part 1;

[0046] A photoelectric conversion component connected to the bottom of the mounting portion 1;

[0047] The photoelectric conversion component includes a plurality of photodiodes, and the plurality of photodiodes are connected in parallel with each other;

[0048] An output signal detection module 3 is connected to a plurality of photodiodes.

[0049] Specifically, the mounting portion 1 is used to carry a plurality of photodiodes and to collect solar radiation. The mounting portion 1 may be made of polycarbonate or stainless steel, etc.; the plurality of photodiodes are used to fully receive solar radiation. The specific number of the photodiodes is not limited, and preferably is four; the output signal detection module 3 is used to detect the sum of the output currents of a plurality of photodiodes connected in parallel (when the normal of the photosensitive surface of the photodiode points to the sun, the output current of a single photodiode is the largest), and obtain the output voltage. The larger the output voltage, the stronger the solar radiation. When the photovoltaic sensor 8 of the present application is used in a photovoltaic tracking system, it is convenient for the photovoltaic panel assembly 7 on the relevant photovoltaic tracking system to accurately and efficiently obtain solar radiation according to the output voltage of the output signal detection module 3. Specifically, the output signal detection module 3 may be various types of voltmeters.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 3 , a plurality of photodiodes are configured as a plurality of first photodiodes 21 arranged along the X direction and a plurality of second photodiodes 22 arranged along the Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other, the plurality of first photodiodes 21 and the plurality of second photodiodes 22 are connected in parallel to each other, and the plurality of first photodiodes 21 and the plurality of second photodiodes 22 are all connected to the output signal detection module 3.

[0051] Specifically, the plurality of first photodiodes 21 arranged along the X direction and the plurality of second photodiodes 22 arranged along the Y direction facilitate the photovoltaic sensor 8 of the present application to fully receive solar radiation along both the X direction and the Y direction.

[0052] Further, such as Figure 2 , the number of the first photodiodes 21 and the number of the second photodiodes 22 are both two.

[0053] Further, such as Figure 1-2 , the installation part 1 comprises:

[0054] Cylinder 11;

[0055] An opening 12 provided at one end of the cylinder;

[0056] A bottom plate 13 connected to the other end of the cylinder;

[0057] Among them, a plurality of photodiodes are connected to the bottom plate 13 .

[0058] Specifically, the cylinder 11 is used to support the opening 12 and the bottom plate 13 , so that solar radiation passes through the opening 12 and is directed to a plurality of photodiodes located on the bottom plate 13 .

[0059] Further, such as Figure 4 , and also includes a system self-balancing module 4 connected to the output signal detection module 3.

[0060] Specifically, when the size of the mounting portion 1 changes, the system self-balancing module 4 is used for self-balancing.

[0061] This embodiment also provides a photovoltaic tracking system, including a photovoltaic sensor of this embodiment.

[0062] Specifically, when the photovoltaic sensor 8 of the present application is used in a photovoltaic tracking system, the photovoltaic panel assembly 7 on the relevant photovoltaic tracking system can accurately and efficiently obtain solar radiation according to the output voltage of the output signal detection module 3 .

[0063] This embodiment also provides a fault diagnosis system, including several photovoltaic sensors of this embodiment, and also including weather signal receiving modules 5 and fault alarm modules 6 connected to each other. The output signal detection modules 3 of several photovoltaic sensors 8 are connected to both the weather signal receiving modules 5 and the fault alarm modules 6.

[0064] Specifically, when several photovoltaic sensors 8 of the present application are used in a fault diagnosis system, if the output signal of a certain photovoltaic sensor 8 is zero, it means that the photovoltaic sensor 8 has a fault, and the fault is reported through the fault alarm module 6; if the output signals of all photovoltaic sensors 8 are zero, and the weather signal is obtained through the weather signal receiving module 5, if it is a sunny day, manual troubleshooting is required to determine whether there is a fault, and the fault is reported through the fault alarm module 6; if it is a rainy day, it means that all photovoltaic sensors 8 are normal and there is no need to report fault information; it should be noted that there is no series or parallel relationship between the several photovoltaic sensors 8, and the several photovoltaic sensors 8 are individually connected to the weather signal receiving module 5 and the fault alarm module 6.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a photovoltaic sensing method, including:

[0066] According to formula 1: I PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ, and the photodiode is rotated around the X direction or Y direction to obtain several groups of I PDX =(CK*θ X )*E*η and I PDY =(CK*θ Y)*E*η, and then the unknown quantities E, η and K are obtained by solving the equation; where I PD is the photocurrent, I PD The unit of is ampere, S is the photosensitive area, the unit of S is square meters, E is the irradiance, the unit of E is watts / square meters, η is the efficiency, C is the area of ​​the bottom plate 13, the unit of C is square meters, K is the proportionality factor, θ is the angle of rotation of the photodiode around the X direction or the Y direction, the unit of θ is degrees, I PDX is the photocurrent generated by the first photodiode 21, θ X is the rotation angle of the first photodiode 21 around the X direction, I PDY is the photocurrent generated by the second photodiode 22, θ Y is the angle of rotation of the second photodiode 22 around the Y direction;

[0067] According to formula 3: I OUT =I PD +I DARK , and I OUT , where I OUT is the output current of the photodiode, I OUT The unit is ampere, I DARK is the dark current of the photodiode, I DARK The unit is ampere, I DARK Determined by the characteristics of the photodiode;

[0068] According to formula 4: U OUT =SUM(I OUT )*R, we get U OUT , where U OUT is the output voltage detected by the output signal detection module 3, SUM(I OUT ) is the output current I of a number of photodiodes OUT The sum of , R is the resistance of the output signal detection module 3.

[0069] The voltage threshold range calculation for the current period is: U 0 = k*I 0 *R, where I 0 =C*E*η, k is a coefficient, and k is set according to actual conditions, for example, k can be 0.7-1.

[0070] Further, when the size of the installation portion 1 changes, the system self-balancing module 4 is adjusted according to formula 1: PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ to recalculate the proportional factor K.

[0071] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0072] According to formula 5: θ = h*ζ and formula 6: Several sets of θ=h*ζ are obtained, and the unknown quantity ζ is obtained by solving the equation, and then the tilt angle of the photovoltaic sensor 8 is predicted, where h is the theoretical solar altitude angle, and the unit of h is degree. is the latitude, The unit of is degree, δ is the solar declination angle, the unit of δ is degree, t is the hour angle of the sun at that time, the unit of t is degree, and ζ is the correction coefficient.

[0073] Specifically, the unknown quantity ζ is obtained by solving the equation, and then the tilt angle of the photovoltaic sensor 8 is predicted, so as to avoid frequently adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic sensor 8 to achieve the angle of the maximum output voltage of the output signal detection module 3.

[0074] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic sensor, characterized in that: include: Photoelectric conversion components; A mounting portion, the photoelectric conversion component is connected to the mounting portion, the mounting portion has a photosensitive surface, and the photoelectric conversion component is located on the photosensitive surface; as well as An output signal detection module, wherein the photoelectric conversion component is electrically connected to the output signal detection module.

2. A photovoltaic sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion component includes a plurality of photodiodes, the plurality of photodiodes are connected in parallel with each other, and the plurality of photodiodes are electrically connected to the output signal detection module; The plurality of photodiodes are configured as a plurality of first photodiodes arranged along an X direction and a plurality of second photodiodes arranged along a Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to each other, the plurality of first photodiodes and the plurality of second photodiodes are connected in parallel to each other, and the plurality of first photodiodes and the plurality of second photodiodes are both connected to the output signal detection module.

3. A photovoltaic sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the first photodiodes and the number of the second photodiodes are both two.

4. A photovoltaic sensor according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: The installation part is used to collect sunlight, and the installation part includes: Cylinder; an opening provided at one end of the cylinder; a bottom plate connected to the other end of the cylinder; Wherein, the plurality of photodiodes are all connected to the bottom plate; The photosensitive surface is a side of the bottom plate facing the inside of the cylinder.

5. A photovoltaic sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes a system self-balancing module connected to the output signal detection module.

6. A photovoltaic tracking system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a photovoltaic sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A fault diagnosis system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of photovoltaic sensors as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and also comprises weather signal receiving modules and fault alarm modules which are interconnected, wherein the output signal detection modules of the plurality of photovoltaic sensors are communicatively connected with the weather signal receiving modules and the fault alarm modules.

8. A photovoltaic sensing method, characterized in that: include: The photoelectric conversion component receives sunlight collected by the mounting portion; The output signal detection module detects the output voltage signal of the photoelectric conversion component; The output voltage signal detected in the current period is analyzed with the voltage threshold range of the current period. When the output voltage signal is lower than the voltage threshold range, the installation part is adjusted to make the detected output voltage signal within the voltage threshold range.

9. A photovoltaic sensing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output signal detection module detects the output voltage signal of the photoelectric conversion component, including: According to formula 1: I PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ, and the photodiode is rotated around the X direction or Y direction to obtain several groups of I PDX =(CK*θ X )*E*η and I PDY =(CK*θ Y )*E*η, and then the unknown quantities E, η and K are obtained by solving the equation; where I PD is the photocurrent, I PD The unit of is ampere, S is the photosensitive area, the unit of S is square meters, E is the irradiance, the unit of E is watts / square meters, η is the efficiency, C is the area of ​​the mounting base, the unit of C is square meters, K is the proportional factor, θ is the angle of rotation of the photodiode around the X direction or Y direction, the unit of θ is degrees, I PDX is the photocurrent generated by the first photodiode, θ X is the angle of rotation of the first photodiode around the X direction, I PDY is the photocurrent generated by the second photodiode, θ Y is the angle of rotation of the second photodiode around the Y direction; According to formula 3: I OUT =I PD +I DARK , and I OUT , where I OUT is the output current of the photodiode, I OUT The unit is ampere, I DARK is the dark current of the photodiode, I DARK The unit is ampere, I DARK Determined by the characteristics of the photodiode; According to formula 4: U OUT =SUM(I OUT )*R, we get U OUT , where U OUT is the output voltage detected by the output signal detection module, SUM(I oUT ) is the output current I of a number of photodiodes OUT The sum of , R is the resistance of the output signal detection module; The voltage threshold range calculation of the current period is expressed as: U0=k*I0*R, where I0=C*E*η and k is a coefficient.

10. A photovoltaic sensing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the size of the installation part changes, the system self-balancing module will be adjusted according to formula 1: I PD =S*E*η and formula 2: S=CK*θ recalculate the proportional factor K; The photovoltaic sensing method further comprises: According to formula 5: θ = h*ζ and formula 6: Several sets of θ=h*ζ are obtained, and the unknown quantity ζ is obtained by solving the equation, and then the tilt angle of the photovoltaic sensor is predicted, where h is the theoretical solar altitude angle, and the unit of h is degree. is the latitude, The unit of is degree, δ is the solar declination angle, the unit of δ is degree, t is the hour angle of the sun at that time, the unit of t is degree, and ζ is the correction coefficient.

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