Drawer type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic photo-thermal, in particular to a drawer type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling structure. The drawer type photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling structure comprises a mounting frame, a semitransparent photovoltaic cell and a photo-thermal reflecting mirror; the mounting frame comprises a first insertion space and a second insertion space which are arranged in a stacked manner; the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plugging space, and the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected with the first plugging space; the photo-thermal reflecting mirror is arranged in the second inserting space, and the photo-thermal reflecting mirror is detachably connected with the second inserting space. The semitransparent photovoltaic cell, the photo-thermal reflecting mirror and the mounting rack form a drawer type structure, and modular disassembly and assembly of the photovoltaic cell and the photo-thermal reflecting mirror can be realized by using the drawer type design, so that maintenance and replacement of the system are more convenient. Most of components of a traditional photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated system are fixedly connected, dismounting is tedious, and elements are prone to being damaged, but the dismounting process is greatly simplified through the drawer type structure of the photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic and thermal technology, and in particular to a drawer-type photovoltaic and thermal coupling structure. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation technologies, as key components of renewable energy, are receiving widespread attention. Photovoltaic technology mainly relies on converting sunlight into electrical energy, while solar thermal technology converts solar radiation into thermal energy through a heat collection device. Both have their own advantages. Photovoltaic power generation has the advantage of direct and pollution-free electrical energy output, but is limited by the conversion efficiency of solar cells. On the other hand, solar thermal power generation can efficiently utilize infrared light in solar radiation, especially infrared radiation energy, through a heat collection system, and is suitable for high-temperature conditions, but its system is complex and the investment cost is high.

[0003] In order to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, a photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system can be used, that is, photovoltaic power generation and photothermal utilization can be realized simultaneously in the same system. This coupling system can realize the efficient utilization of the entire spectrum of solar energy, using short-wavelength light for photovoltaic power generation and long-wavelength light for photothermal technology. However, the current photovoltaic-photothermal coupling mode is relatively single, and the stability of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is poor. Once the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling mode is a fixed structure, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is difficult to replace after attenuation, which shortens the stable operation period of the coupling system.

[0004] Furthermore, the prior art has the following problems:

[0005] 1. Difficulty in maintenance and replacement: The existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling system structure design is mostly integrated or fixed, which is not conducive to the maintenance and replacement of components such as photovoltaic cells or thermal reflectors. Once a component is damaged or its performance deteriorates, it is often necessary to dismantle the entire system for repair or replacement, resulting in high maintenance costs and complex operations, affecting the system's operational stability and service life.

[0006] 2. Low spectrum utilization efficiency: In existing photovoltaic or solar thermal systems, due to design limitations, visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light in the spectrum are not optimally allocated and utilized. Usually, photovoltaic modules can only utilize part of the visible light and ultraviolet light, and the unabsorbed infrared light is difficult to effectively use for thermoelectric conversion. Solar thermal power stations can only use infrared light. This irrational spectrum allocation problem leads to low utilization efficiency of solar energy resources.

[0007] 3. Insufficient structural stability: When the existing fixed structure design is exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time, it is easy to change the physical structure of photovoltaic and solar thermal components due to factors such as wind, sand, rain, and temperature changes, causing the structure to loosen or components to be damaged. This not only affects the normal operation of the system, but may also shorten the service life of the system. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which can solve the problems caused by the photovoltaic-thermal coupling mode being a fixed structure in the prior art;

[0009] The present invention provides a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which comprises a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a photothermal reflector;

[0010] The mounting frame comprises a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space which are stacked;

[0011] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected to the first plug-in space;

[0012] The photothermal reflector is arranged in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

[0013] Preferably, the mounting frame comprises a top plate, a middle plate, a bottom plate and side plates;

[0014] The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the two sides of the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by side plates;

[0015] A middle plate is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the middle plate divides the space between the top plate and the bottom plate into a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space.

[0016] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a middle plate, a bottom plate, a side plate and a top slot;

[0017] A side plate is respectively arranged at both ends of the bottom plate, and a top slot is arranged at the end of the side plate;

[0018] The middle plate is arranged parallel to the bottom plate, and the middle plate is located between the two side plates;

[0019] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the top slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the bottom plate.

[0020] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a bottom plate, a side plate, a top slot and a middle slot;

[0021] A side plate is respectively arranged at both ends of the bottom plate, and a top card slot and a middle card slot are respectively arranged at the top and the middle of the side plate;

[0022] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom plate.

[0023] Preferably, the mounting frame includes a side plate, a top slot, a middle slot and a bottom slot;

[0024] The mounting frame comprises two side plates arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot, a middle card slot and a bottom card slot are respectively arranged at the top, middle and bottom of the side plates;

[0025] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the top card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot.

[0026] Preferably, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

[0027] Preferably, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell comprises, from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, an electron transport layer / hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer / electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and glass.

[0028] Preferably, the structure of the photothermal reflector is glass, a reflective coating and a bearing bottom layer from top to bottom;

[0029] The lower side of the bearing bottom layer is provided with a first layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a second layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer.

[0030] Preferably, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0031] Preferably, an anti-reflection layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] By disassembling and connecting the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell with the first plug-in space and the photothermal reflector with the second plug-in space, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the photothermal reflector and the mounting frame form a drawer-type structure. The drawer-type design can realize modular disassembly and assembly of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector, making the maintenance and replacement of the system more convenient. Most of the components of the traditional photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system are fixedly connected, which is cumbersome to disassemble and easy to damage the components. The drawer-type structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a fully enclosed drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in the first specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate provided in the second specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a bottom plate drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a third specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A two-dimensional schematic diagram of a full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a fourth specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A structural form of a synergistic combination of an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 Another structural form of the cooperative combination of the encapsulation layer and the anti-reflection layer provided in the specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention applied to a tower-type solar thermal power station;

[0042] Figure 8 A structural form in which the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention is applied to a plate-type solar thermal power station;

[0043] Fig. 9 Another structural form of the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in the specific embodiment of the present invention applied to a plate-type solar thermal power station;

[0044] Fig.10 A side view of a drawer-type photovoltaic / plate-type photothermal coupling system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1: top plate, 2: middle plate, 3: bottom plate, 4: photothermal reflector, 5: semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, 6: side plate, 7: top slot, 8: middle slot, 9: bottom slot, 10: sunlight, 11: infrared light, 12: collector, 13: solar tracking system, 14: anti-reflection layer, 15: packaging layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, which includes a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 and a thermal reflector 4.

[0051] The mounting frame includes a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space which are stacked.

[0052] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is disposed in the first plug-in space, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is detachably connected to the first plug-in space;

[0053] The photothermal reflector 4 is disposed in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

[0054] In this embodiment, by disassembling and connecting the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 with the first plug-in space, and disassembling and connecting the photothermal reflector 4 with the second plug-in space, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, the photothermal reflector 4 and the mounting frame form a drawer-type structure. The drawer-type design can realize modular disassembly and assembly of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4, making the maintenance and replacement of the system more convenient. Most of the components of the traditional photovoltaic and photothermal integrated system are fixedly connected, which is cumbersome to disassemble and easy to damage the components. The drawer-type structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process.

[0055] After using the card slot type fixation, users can quickly replace photovoltaic cells or photothermal reflectors 4 components without complicated operations, effectively improving the service life and maintenance efficiency of the system.

[0056] In order to further illustrate the above drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, this embodiment also provides a specific implementation of the above drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which is specifically shown as follows:

[0057] Implementation method 1:

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a fully-inclusive drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure. In this embodiment, the mounting frame includes a top plate 1, a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3 and a side plate 6.

[0059] The top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3 are arranged opposite to each other, and the two sides of the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3 are connected by the side plate 6. The middle plate 2 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3, and the middle plate 2 divides the space between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3 into a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second plug-in space.

[0060] Specifically, the all-inclusive drawer-type coupling structure includes a top plate 1 , a middle plate 2 , a bottom plate 3 , a photothermal reflector 4 , a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 and a side plate 6 .

[0061] The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

[0062] The specific structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is, from top to bottom, encapsulation layer 15, first transparent electrode, electron transport layer / hole transport layer, light absorption layer, hole transport layer / electron transport layer, second transparent electrode, glass, including multiple possibilities that all layers exist or some layers do not exist. Among them, one of the second and third layers, and one of the fifth and sixth layers may not exist.

[0063] The specific structure of the photothermal reflector 4 is glass, reflective coating, bearing bottom layer, first antirust paint layer, second antirust paint layer, and highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer from top to bottom, including multiple possibilities that all layers exist or some layers do not exist. Among them, the bearing bottom layer, one of the first antirust paint layer and the second antirust paint layer, and the highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer may not exist.

[0064] The top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are high-transmittance cover plates, the bottom plate 3 is a corrosion-resistant plate with good support, and the material is not limited. The side plate 6 is an opaque or transparent plate with good corrosion resistance and good support, and the material is not limited.

[0065] Specifically, the top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are made of high transmittance materials (such as tempered glass or quartz glass), and an anti-reflection film is prepared on the surface to reduce reflection loss and improve transmittance. The anti-reflection film is usually prepared by vacuum evaporation or sputtering of a low refractive index oxide material (such as silicon dioxide), and the thickness is controlled between 50-200nm to obtain maximum transmittance.

[0066] The bottom plate 3 is made of corrosion-resistant material (such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel or special plastic), and is manufactured through extrusion or molding to have high supporting strength, and an anti-corrosion coating is coated on its surface.

[0067] Side panel 6: An opaque or transparent corrosion-resistant material is selected, and tempered glass, stainless steel, PVC or polycarbonate can be selected as needed. The side panel 6 can be prepared by injection molding or die extrusion process, and coated with an anti-corrosion layer to enhance durability.

[0068] Working principle: Sunlight 10 irradiates the upper photovoltaic cell, which absorbs visible light and ultraviolet light and transmits the infrared light 11 to the photothermal reflector 4. The infrared light 11 is used for photothermal power generation after reflection. The closed structural design reduces the environmental contact between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4, and improves the stability, service life and physical stability of the system.

[0069] The photothermal reflector 4 and the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 can be placed in an all-inclusive drawer structure for coupling. When sunlight 10 irradiates the coupling structure, the photovoltaic cell on the upper layer absorbs visible light and ultraviolet light, and the infrared light 11 transmitted reaches the photothermal reflective glass. The photothermal reflective glass reflects the infrared light 11 for photothermal power generation, making full use of the spectrum of sunlight 10 to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic photothermal coupling system. This all-inclusive coupling structure allows the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflective glass to be encapsulated, reducing contact with the external environment and improving the service life and stability of the two. In addition, this all-inclusive structure can also improve the physical stability of the structure.

[0070] In order to realize the rapid disassembly and replacement between the top plate 1, the middle plate 2, the bottom plate 3 and the photothermal reflector 4 and the photovoltaic cell in the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, the present invention proposes the following detailed connection and disassembly scheme (the following scheme is similar to this):

[0071] (1) Connection between top plate 1 and photovoltaic cells

[0072] The edge of the top plate 1 is provided with an integrated buckle or slide rail design, and the buckle or slide rail matches the photovoltaic cell top slot 7. The buckle is made of high temperature resistant and anti-aging materials to ensure stability in harsh outdoor environments.

[0073] Installation steps: When assembling, the photovoltaic cell is pushed in along the slide rail of the top plate 1 until the buckle is locked; when disassembling, the photovoltaic cell is loosened by manually releasing the buckle or pushing and pulling the slide rail.

[0074] Advantages: The top plate 1 and the photovoltaic cells can be loaded and unloaded in a short time, simplifying the maintenance process.

[0075] (2) Connection between the middle plate 2 and the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4

[0076] The middle plate 2 is connected to the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 through a quick connector. The connector can be a card slot or a magnetic adsorption design to ensure close and stable contact.

[0077] Installation steps: During the installation process, the photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflectors 4 are respectively inserted into the slots of the middle plate 2, or are tightly attached to the middle plate 2 by magnetic adsorption.

[0078] Advantages: This structure allows for quick assembly and disassembly between the middle plate 2 and the photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4, while reducing assembly errors.

[0079] (3) Support and quick disassembly structure of base plate 3

[0080] The bottom plate 3 plays the role of overall support and is connected to the side plate 6 through movable buckles to form a stable bottom structure. A push-pull slide rail is provided below the bottom plate 3 to bear the weight of the photothermal reflector 4 and the photovoltaic cell after combination.

[0081] Installation steps: After placing the photothermal reflector 4 and the photovoltaic cell on the middle plate 2, push the entire device into the slide rail of the bottom plate 3 until the buckle is locked. When disassembling, the bottom plate 3 and its upper components can be quickly replaced by loosening the buckle and easily sliding out the components.

[0082] Advantages: The bottom plate 3 has strong supporting force, and the entire drawer structure can be easily moved out through the slide rail, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance and modular replacement.

[0083] (4) Design of movable slots on side panel 6

[0084] The side panels 6 are designed with movable slots or mortise and tenon joints, and can be disassembled to form an integral closed structure with the bottom panel 3 and the top panel 1. The side panels 6 are designed with protruding edges to cooperate with the buckles or slide rails of the top panel 1 and the middle panel 2.

[0085] Installation steps: During assembly, after fixing the top plate 1, the middle plate 2 and the bottom plate 3, insert the side plate 6 into the corresponding slot and clamp it to achieve the closure of the entire drawer structure. When replacement is required, only the side plate 6 needs to be removed to open the structure.

[0086] Advantages: The movable slot design of the side panel 6 makes the overall structure more compact and has the convenience of modular design.

[0087] The above design realizes the rapid assembly and disassembly between the top plate 1, the middle plate 2, the bottom plate 3, the photothermal reflector 4 and the photovoltaic cells, which greatly improves the maintainability and convenience of the system and adapts to the maintenance needs in various outdoor application scenarios.

[0088] Implementation method 2:

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1. The mounting frame of the structure includes a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3, a side plate 6 and a top slot 7.

[0090] A side plate 6 is respectively disposed at both ends of the bottom plate 3 , and a top slot 7 is disposed at the end of the side plate 6 .

[0091] The middle plate 2 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate 3, and the middle plate 2 is located between the two side plates 6. A first plug-in space is formed between the middle plate 2 and the top card slot 7, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle plate 2 and the bottom plate 3. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second plug-in space.

[0092] Specifically, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1 includes a middle plate 2, a bottom plate 3, a photothermal reflector 4, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, a side plate 6 and a top slot 7.

[0093] The top card slot 7 is made of a solid transparent or opaque material, and its purpose is to fix the photovoltaic cell. This drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1 allows the photovoltaic cell to receive more sunlight 10, reducing the loss of light by the top plate 1. The photothermal reflective glass is encapsulated to reduce contact with the external environment, and improve service life and stability. In addition, the physical stability of this structure is also better. The rest is consistent with the first embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0094] Specifically, the top card slot 7 is made of a corrosion-resistant and high-strength transparent or opaque material (such as PC or ABS plastic) by injection molding, and an anti-ultraviolet coating is coated on its surface to improve the anti-aging performance.

[0095] The processing of the middle plate 2, the bottom plate 3, the photothermal reflector 4, the photovoltaic cell and the side plate 6 is the same as that of the full package structure. The photothermal reflector 4, the photovoltaic cell and the side plate 6 are arranged in a drawer-type structure, and the photovoltaic cell is fixed by the top card slot 7 to ensure stability.

[0096] The middle plate 2 and the bottom plate 3 are installed by bonding or slotting to ensure the firmness and maintainability of the overall structure.

[0097] Design features: The design without top plate 1 reduces the shielding of sunlight 10 by the top plate 1, allowing the photovoltaic cell to receive more light, improving the spectrum utilization and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the system. The photothermal reflector 4 is encapsulated in a drawer structure to avoid direct contact with the external environment, thereby improving service life and stability.

[0098] Applicable scenarios: Suitable for environments where the maximum use of sunlight 10 is required.

[0099] Implementation method three:

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a bottom plate 3 drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure. The mounting frame of the bottom plate 3 drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a bottom plate 3, a side plate 6, a top slot 7 and a middle slot 8.

[0101] A side plate 6 is respectively arranged at both ends of the bottom plate 3 , and a top slot 7 and a middle slot 8 are respectively arranged at the top and the middle of the side plate 6 .

[0102] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot 8 and the bottom card slot 9, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot 8 and the bottom plate 3. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second plug-in space.

[0103] Specifically, the bottom plate 3 drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a bottom plate 3, a thermal reflector 4, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, a side plate 6, a top slot 7 and a middle slot 8.

[0104] The top card slot 7 and the middle card slot 8 are made of solid transparent or opaque materials, and are used to fix photovoltaic cells. This drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure without a top plate 1 makes the light transmission between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 smoother, reduces the light loss of the top plate 1 and the middle plate 2, and improves the energy conversion efficiency. The rest is consistent with the second embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0105] Specifically, the top slot 7 and the middle slot 8: the middle slot 8 and the top slot 7 are made of high-strength transparent or opaque materials, and are formed by injection molding or CNC processing to adapt to the size of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4. The preparation of the photovoltaic cell, the photothermal reflector 4 and the side plate 6 is consistent with the above scheme. The photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 are fixed in the middle slot 8 and the top slot 7, and the top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are not provided, so that the light transmission is smoother and the light loss is reduced.

[0106] Design features: The top plate 1 and the middle plate 2 are eliminated, making the light transmission between the photovoltaic cells and the photothermal reflector 4 smoother, reducing light loss and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0107] Applicable scenarios: Suitable for application environments that do not require cover protection but need to improve light transmission efficiency.

[0108] Implementation Method 4

[0109] like Figure 4 As shown, the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment is a full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, and the mounting frame of the full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a side panel 6, a top slot 7, a middle slot 8 and a bottom slot 9.

[0110] The mounting frame includes two side panels 6 arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot 7, a middle card slot 8 and a bottom card slot 9 are respectively arranged on the top, middle and bottom of the side panels 6.

[0111] A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot 8 and the top card slot 7, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot 8 and the bottom card slot 9. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector 4 is arranged in the second plug-in space.

[0112] Specifically, the full-slot drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure includes a thermal reflector 4, a translucent photovoltaic cell 5, a side panel 6, a top slot 7, a middle slot 8, and a bottom slot 9.

[0113] The top card slot 7, the middle card slot 8 and the bottom card slot 9 are made of solid transparent or opaque materials, and are used to fix the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and the photothermal reflector 4. This full-card slot drawer photovoltaic photothermal coupling structure saves materials and saves the cost of the coupling system. The rest is consistent with the third embodiment and will not be repeated.

[0114] Specifically, the top card slot 7, the middle card slot 8, and the bottom card slot 9: all card slots are made of high-strength materials (such as PC or ABS plastic), processed by injection molding or CNC, and coated with anti-UV coating to ensure long-term stability. The processing method of photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4 is consistent with the full-package drawer type. Photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4 are fixed by top, middle and bottom card slots 9 to form a full card slot structure.

[0115] Save materials and costs: Compared with other structures, the full card slot design reduces the material covered by the components, saves materials and is low in cost.

[0116] Applicable scenarios: Applicable to scenarios where cost reduction and material saving are required.

[0117] In the present application, the top plate 11 mentioned in the first embodiment can also be improved, that is, an anti-reflection film is prepared on the top plate 1, and the anti-reflection film can effectively improve the transmittance of the sunlight 10, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the coupling system.

[0118] The specific setting method of the anti-reflection film on the top plate 1 is: depositing an anti-reflection film on the top plate 1 by vacuum evaporation or sputtering, such as SiO2, MgF2 and other materials, with a thickness controlled at 50-200nm to maximize the transmittance of visible light.

[0119] In the present application, the middle plate 2 mentioned in the first and second embodiments can also be improved, and a spectrally selective transflective layer can be prepared on the middle plate 2, and its design can effectively distinguish different bands in the spectrum of sunlight 10. This layer increases the transmittance of infrared light 11 and transmits it to the photothermal reflector 4 below. This layer also has high reflectivity for ultraviolet light and visible light, and reflects this part of light energy back to the photovoltaic cell above for photoelectric conversion. This design ensures the efficient use of the spectrum of sunlight 10, realizes the division of labor and cooperation between photovoltaic and photothermal systems, and can significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency.

[0120] The specific method of setting the spectrally selective reflective layer on the middle plate 2 is as follows: a spectrally selective reflective layer is prepared on the middle plate 2, and multilayer thin films such as TiO2 and SiO2 are alternately deposited using multilayer film technology, with the thickness being controlled between 50-200nm, so as to improve the transmittance of infrared light 11 and the reflectivity of ultraviolet and visible light, and ensure efficient photovoltaic-photothermal synergistic utilization.

[0121] In the present application, the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 in the second, third and fourth embodiments can also be improved, that is, an encapsulation layer 15 and an anti-reflection layer 14 are added to the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5, which are used to protect the photovoltaic cell and improve the transmittance of sunlight 10. The encapsulation layer 15 is close to the photovoltaic cell, and compared with the structure in the first embodiment, the air refraction and scattering between the cover plate and the photovoltaic cell are reduced, thereby improving the light transmission.

[0122] The specific method of adding the encapsulation layer 15 and the anti-reflection layer 14 to the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 is as follows: the design of the encapsulation layer 15 is mainly used to protect the light absorption layer and other functional layers inside the photovoltaic cell from environmental moisture, oxygen, dust and other pollution, so as to improve the durability and stability of the battery. The encapsulation layer 15 material generally selects materials with high transparency, UV resistance, weather resistance, and low water vapor transmission rate. Commonly used materials include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), etc. Hot pressing method: Cover the EVA encapsulation film layer on the photovoltaic cell, and hot press at high temperature (about 130-150°C) and appropriate pressure to make the encapsulation film tightly bonded to each layer of the battery to form a protective film. Vacuum lamination method: Laminate the photovoltaic cell under a vacuum environment, heat the encapsulation material and adhere it to the surface of the cell, so that it completely covers the photovoltaic module, prevents the generation of bubbles, and improves the encapsulation effect. The thickness of the encapsulation layer 15 is generally in the range of 100-300μm to minimize light loss while ensuring the encapsulation strength.

[0123] The function of the anti-reflection layer 14 is to reduce the reflection of light on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, improve the transmittance, and thus increase the light absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. Common materials for the anti-reflection layer 14 include silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), etc. The anti-reflection film is a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and the light transmittance within the spectral range can be adjusted by combining different materials. Sol-gel method: Prepare SiO2 sol, evenly apply the sol on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, and then form the anti-reflection layer 14 through drying and heat treatment to ensure that the film is evenly covered and achieves the anti-reflection effect. Vacuum coating method: Use chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD) to deposit anti-reflection materials such as TiO2, Al2O3, etc. on the surface of the photovoltaic cell in a vacuum environment. This method has high control accuracy and is suitable for making multi-layer anti-reflection structures. Spin coating method: Drop the anti-reflection material solution on the surface of the cell and rotate it at high speed to evenly distribute the anti-reflection layer 14, and then dry it to form an anti-reflection film. The thickness of the anti-reflection layer 14 is generally 50-150 nm, which is suitable for anti-reflection adjustment of visible light. If a higher anti-reflection effect is required, a double-layer or triple-layer structure can be designed, and each layer of material has a different refractive index, thereby forming a wide-spectrum anti-reflection effect.

[0124] Synergistic combination of the encapsulation layer 15 and the anti-reflection layer 14:

[0125] a. The anti-reflection layer 14 is located at the outermost layer (refer to Figure 5 ), the encapsulation layer 15 is between the anti-reflection layer 14 and the photovoltaic cell. The high light transmittance of the anti-reflection layer 14 minimizes the light loss of the sunlight 10 when it passes through the encapsulation layer 15, and the encapsulation layer 15 provides effective protection.

[0126] b. The encapsulation layer 15 is located at the outermost layer (refer to Figure 6 ), the anti-reflection layer 14 is between the encapsulation layer 15 and the photovoltaic cell. The high light transmittance of the anti-reflection layer 14 minimizes the light loss incident on the photovoltaic cell, and the encapsulation layer 15 provides effective protection. The anti-reflection layer 14 is coated on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, dried and cured, and then the encapsulation layer 15 is added and sealed in the outer layer by hot pressing or vacuum lamination to ensure the integrity of the surface structure of the photovoltaic cell. This combination ensures that the incident light enters the cell light absorption layer as much as possible, and at the same time, the anti-reflection layer 14 and the encapsulation layer 15 work together to significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and service life of the photovoltaic cell.

[0127] In summary: In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes four innovative drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures, each of which can adapt to different application scenarios and system requirements to achieve the following goals:

[0128] 1. Through the drawer-type design, photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors can be easily replaced and maintained, thereby extending the overall service life of the system;

[0129] 2. Adopt optical designs such as multi-layer structure, anti-reflection film, spectrally selective transflective layer, etc. to effectively improve the spectral distribution efficiency, maximize the synergy between photovoltaic and photothermal, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the system;

[0130] 3. Introduce corrosion-resistant materials and strengthen the supporting structure to improve the physical stability of the system so that it can adapt to harsh outdoor environments for a long time.

[0131] In the present application, the first, second, third and fourth embodiments may be optimized: specifically, the quick disassembly and assembly steps of the entire drawer-type structure are optimized:

[0132] In order to further simplify the maintenance process of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, the present invention also introduces a modular push-pull rail system, which can quickly extract and replace the entire drawer structure. The system can be applied to tower-type and plate-type solar thermal power stations to ensure that the performance of the photovoltaic-thermal system is not affected after installation.

[0133] Steps include:

[0134] Insertion: After installing all components, insert the drawer as a whole into the guide rail and lock it with the buckle.

[0135] Disassembly: After releasing the buckle, smoothly pull the drawer structure out of the guide rail for component replacement or maintenance.

[0136] The above-mentioned translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and photothermal reflector 4 are both drawer components, and guide rails are arranged in the plug-in space of the mounting frame. The drawer component and the guide rails form a drawer structure, and the translucent photovoltaic cell 5 and photothermal reflector 4 cooperate with the mounting frame by plugging.

[0137] This application also provides a specific application method of the drawer-type photovoltaic thermal coupling structure, which is shown below:

[0138] The first application method:

[0139] like Figure 7 As shown, the above drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is applied to a tower-type solar thermal power station. Specifically, a plurality of evenly arranged drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structures are arranged on the tower-type solar thermal power station.

[0140] When sunlight 10 shines on the new photovoltaic cell, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 absorbs short-wavelength ultraviolet light and visible light, and the transmitted short-wavelength ultraviolet light and visible light and all long-wavelength infrared light 11 are reflected by the photothermal reflector 4 and pass through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 again. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5 absorbs ultraviolet light and visible light for a second time, thereby improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The infrared light 11 is reflected to the collector 12 of the solar thermal power station and absorbed by it for the next step of thermoelectric conversion. In addition, the solar tracking system 13 adjusts the rotation angle so that the sunlight 10 is incident on the new photovoltaic cell at the best angle.

[0141] The second application method:

[0142] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the above drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure is applied to a plate-type CSP power station. The working principle is the same as the first application method. There are two types of plate-type CSP power stations, one is a parallel plate distribution (such as Figure 8 As shown), one is the diagonal plate distribution (as shown Fig. 9 The diagonal plate distribution has higher adaptability to different construction sites.

[0143] In order to further illustrate the above drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, this embodiment also provides a preparation process of the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, which is specifically shown as follows:

[0144] Precise coordination between design, processing and assembly of multiple parts to achieve a stable modular photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. The following are the specific preparation steps and key details of the drawer structure:

[0145] 1. Structural design and material selection

[0146] Design drawings: Draw detailed design drawings based on the specifications and functional requirements of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system to ensure that the size, thickness and relative position of each component can achieve the best optical effect and mechanical stability.

[0147] Material selection: Top plate 1, middle plate 2, bottom plate 3, side plate 6, card slot and other parts need to select materials according to their respective optical, mechanical and corrosion resistance requirements. For example, top plate 1 and middle plate 2 need to be made of materials with high light transmittance (such as tempered glass or quartz glass), while bottom plate 3 and side plate 6 need to be made of corrosion-resistant and high-strength materials (such as stainless steel or special plastics).

[0148] 2. Component processing

[0149] Processing of top plate 1 and middle plate 2: Use tempered glass as the substrate, and deposit an anti-reflection film on its surface by vacuum evaporation or sputtering to improve light transmittance. The processed top plate 1 and middle plate 2 need to be treated with anti-corrosion (such as coating with an aluminum oxide layer) to ensure that they remain stable after long-term exposure to the external environment.

[0150] Bottom plate 3 processing: Bottom plate 3 needs to provide support and have corrosion resistance. Usually, aluminum alloy or stainless steel materials are processed by CNC cutting or molding technology to ensure that bottom plate 3 has good structural support.

[0151] Card slot processing: The top card slot 7, the middle card slot 8 and the bottom card slot 9 are all injection molded with a solid transparent or opaque plastic material (such as PC or ABS). The size of the card slot must match the specifications of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 to ensure the stability and detachability of the components when they are fixed.

[0152] 3. Fabrication of photovoltaic and solar thermal components

[0153] Preparation of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 5: semi-transparent perovskite, quantum dots or organic photovoltaic materials are deposited on the substrate in sequence. Each layer is deposited layer by layer by sputtering, spin coating, etc. For example, transparent electrode is deposited first, followed by electron transport layer, light absorption layer, hole transport layer, and finally encapsulation layer 15.

[0154] Preparation of the photothermal reflector 4: A glass substrate is selected, and a metal layer with high reflectivity (such as aluminum or silver) is first deposited, and then an anti-rust paint and a high anti-ultraviolet layer are sequentially coated on the reflective layer to increase durability.

[0155] 4. Structural assembly

[0156] Assembly of the card slot with the bottom plate 3 and the side plate 6: Connect the bottom plate 3, the side plate 6 and the card slot by screws, buckles or adhesives to form a stable frame structure. The connection of each component must strictly control the assembly accuracy to ensure that the photovoltaic and solar thermal components can be smoothly inserted and removed.

[0157] Installation of photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4: Insert the photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4 into the prefabricated slots in sequence. The top slot 7 and the middle slot 8 are used to fix the photovoltaic cells, and the bottom slot 9 is used to fix the photothermal reflectors 4. The components can be slid into the slots using prefabricated slide rails to ensure stability and maintainability during installation.

[0158] Sealing and testing: After assembly, sealing is performed, such as adding sealing strips to joints to prevent dust and moisture from entering. Photoelectric performance and durability tests are then carried out to ensure that the structure remains stable and efficient during use.

[0159] 5. Quality inspection and optimization

[0160] Quality inspection: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the assembled drawer structure, including dimensional accuracy, sealing, optical performance and stability. If necessary, make fine adjustments or reassemble to ensure that all parts meet the design requirements.

[0161] Optimization and Testing: Weathering and long-term stability tests are conducted to evaluate performance under different environmental conditions.

[0162] In summary, the drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure provided in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0163] 1. Photovoltaic and thermal synergy effects are significantly improved

[0164] The present invention adopts an innovative drawer-type coupling design, through reasonable spectral division and optical path optimization, to effectively utilize visible light and ultraviolet light for photovoltaic cell power generation, and guide infrared light 11 to the photothermal reflector 4 for thermal energy conversion. This structural division of labor improves the utilization efficiency of the sunlight 10 spectrum, and the present invention achieves an overall energy conversion efficiency of up to 30%-45%, which is significantly superior to the 15%-20% of the traditional single photovoltaic system and the 10%-15% of the single photothermal system.

[0165] 2. Convenient component maintenance and replacement

[0166] The drawer-type design can realize the modular disassembly and assembly of photovoltaic cells and photothermal reflectors 4, making the maintenance and replacement of the system more convenient. Most of the components of traditional photovoltaic and photothermal integrated systems are fixedly connected, which is cumbersome to disassemble and easy to damage the components. The drawer-type structure of the present invention greatly simplifies the disassembly and assembly process. After using the card slot fixation, users can quickly replace photovoltaic cells or photothermal reflectors 4 components without complicated operations, effectively improving the service life and maintenance efficiency of the system.

[0167] 3. Theoretical improvement of photoelectric and thermoelectric conversion efficiency

[0168] The present invention realizes efficient separation of spectrum and reflection control by setting an anti-reflection film and a spectrally selective transflective layer. For example, the anti-reflection film increases the transmittance of sunlight 10 of the top plate 1 or the middle plate 2, allowing more light energy to enter the system; the spectrally selective transflective layer has a high transmittance to infrared light 11, and has high reflectivity to ultraviolet light and visible light. Through the anti-reflection film of the top plate 1 and the spectrally selective transflective layer, the ultraviolet and visible light absorption rate of the photovoltaic module in the present invention is increased to more than 85%, which is more than 15% higher than the conventional structure of about 65%-70%.

[0169] 4. Extend component life and stability

[0170] The present invention adopts a packaged design, which effectively reduces the direct contact between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 4 and the external environment, and enhances the anti-ultraviolet and anti-corrosion performance. For example, by coating the reflector with an anti-rust coating and a high anti-ultraviolet coating, the structural aging or performance degradation caused by environmental influences is avoided. These designs extend the life of the photovoltaic and photothermal components. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is expected to extend the service life of the components by more than 30%.

[0171] 5. Material saving and cost control

[0172] The full-slot drawer structure in this patent reduces the use of frame materials, supports photovoltaic and solar thermal components through a reasonable slot structure, and saves material costs. In addition, a variety of structural options in different application scenarios can flexibly adapt to needs, thereby reducing unnecessary material waste and saving about 20% of manufacturing costs compared to existing integrated structures.

[0173] 6. Improved structural stability and weather resistance

[0174] The drawer-type design not only enhances the modularity of the system, but also improves the physical stability of the overall structure. In high wind speed or dusty environments, the drawer-type structure supports the photovoltaic and photothermal components through the side panels 6 and the bottom panel 3, maintains the stability of the system, increases wind resistance, and reduces the impact of dust, moisture, etc. on the components through the packaging design. Compared with the open structure of the prior art, the stability of the present invention is better in a variety of harsh environments.

[0175] The technical effects listed above are all significant improvements brought about by the drawer-type structure in this patent. Combined with practical operation and theoretical analysis, they have significant innovation and application value compared with the existing technology.

[0176] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure, characterized in that: It includes a mounting frame, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a photothermal reflector; The mounting frame comprises a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space which are stacked; The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is arranged in the first plug-in space, and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is detachably connected to the first plug-in space; The photothermal reflector is arranged in the second plug-in space, and the photothermal reflector is detachably connected to the second plug-in space.

2. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a top plate, a middle plate, a bottom plate and side plates; The top plate and the bottom plate are arranged opposite to each other, and the two sides of the top plate and the bottom plate are connected by side plates; A middle plate is arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the middle plate divides the space between the top plate and the bottom plate into a first plug-in space and a second plug-in space.

3. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a middle plate, a bottom plate, side plates and a top slot; A side plate is respectively arranged at both ends of the bottom plate, and a top slot is arranged at the end of the side plate; The middle plate is arranged parallel to the bottom plate, and the middle plate is located between the two side plates; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the top slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle plate and the bottom plate.

4. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a bottom plate, a side plate, a top slot and a middle slot; A side plate is respectively arranged at both ends of the bottom plate, and a top card slot and a middle card slot are respectively arranged at the top and the middle of the side plate; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom plate.

5. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a side plate, a top slot, a middle slot and a bottom slot; The mounting frame comprises two side plates arranged opposite to each other, and a top card slot, a middle card slot and a bottom card slot are respectively arranged at the top, middle and bottom of the side plates; A first plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the top card slot, and a second plug-in space is formed between the middle card slot and the bottom card slot.

6. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell includes a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell, a semi-transparent quantum dot solar cell, a semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cell or a semi-transparent organic solar cell.

7. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell comprises, from top to bottom, an encapsulation layer, a first transparent electrode, an electron transport layer / hole transport layer, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer / electron transport layer, a second transparent electrode and glass.

8. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the photothermal reflector is glass, a reflective coating and a bearing bottom layer from top to bottom; The lower side of the bearing bottom layer is provided with a first layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a second layer of anti-rust paint, and / or a highly anti-ultraviolet acrylic layer.

9. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is provided with an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer in sequence.

10. The drawer-type photovoltaic-thermal coupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-reflection layer and an encapsulation layer are sequentially arranged on the upper side of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

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