Efficient dust falling device suitable for conveying blanking transfer point and dust falling method of efficient dust falling device

Abstract

According to the efficient dust falling device suitable for conveying the falling material transfer point and the dust falling method of the efficient dust falling device, a falling material sealing cavity seals an upper belt discharging opening, and a dust material separation net is located under a lower belt discharging opening and obliquely arranged at the position, close to a lower belt, of the bottom end of the outer wall of the cavity; the air inlet cavity bottom plate, the air inlet pipe and the dust and material separation net jointly form an air inlet cavity, and the air inlet cavity is isolated into independent cavity bodies; an air outlet pipeline at the tail end of the air inlet pipe is gradually expanded; the exhaust pipeline is located on the outer wall, right opposite to the upper surface of the dust separation net, of the cavity, and an inlet of the exhaust pipeline extends into the blanking sealing cavity. The tail end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with the top end of the gas-solid separation pipeline which is vertically arranged, an outlet inner pipe communicated with the fan penetrates through the dust discharging pipes and then extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipeline by a certain height, the dust discharging pipes are distributed on the periphery of the outlet inner pipe, and the outlet ends of the dust discharging pipes are connected with one end of the material conveying pipe. The device can prevent falling materials from impacting dust raising, meanwhile, material loss is avoided, and the environment and occupational health of workers are protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a material dust removal device, in particular to a high-efficiency dust reduction device and a dust reduction method suitable for a material transport transfer point, belonging to the technical field of dust prevention and removal in a coal preparation plant. Background Art

[0002] In coal preparation plants, at the material transfer point of the belt conveyor, the friction and collision between the falling material and the conveyor belt or rollers causes dust to fly, resulting in serious indoor dust pollution and a serious threat to the occupational health of workers. Conventionally, the material transfer point can be sealed together with the belt conveyor as a whole to effectively reduce dust leakage, but due to the excessive impact of the falling material, the instantaneous pressure can cause some dust to escape from the sealing gap, which will still cause serious dust pollution problems.

[0003] The further dust prevention measures that can be taken at present are to coordinate the overall sealing to further reduce the dust concentration. Related technologies include: using spray (watering) to reduce dust, using biological nanofilm to suppress dust, using dust collector to remove dust, etc. Among them, the use of spray (watering) method can effectively moisten the coal dust and reduce its impact and escape during the falling process, but this method greatly increases the water content of materials such as coal powder, which is not conducive to the further transportation, sale and storage of coal powder. The use of biological nanofilm to suppress dust can form a protective film on the surface of the material, thereby inhibiting the generation and escape of dust, but this method is not only costly, but also artificially adds substances to the coal, affecting the quality of coal products. Dust removal using a dust collector refers to introducing the dust-containing airflow into the dust collector through a negative pressure suction system, and realizing dust separation and purification in the dust collector; the dust collectors used include cyclone dust collectors, bag dust collectors, wet dust collectors, etc.; this method has a high investment and operating cost, and due to negative pressure suction, some materials such as coal powder that should have fallen will be carried away by the dust removal airflow, resulting in material loss. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient dust reduction device and a dust reduction method suitable for conveying and transferring points of falling materials. The device has a simple structure and is easy to use. Fine materials in the materials that may cause dust can be separated in advance during their falling process by guiding the airflow, which can effectively prevent the falling materials from impacting dust and will not cause material loss, thereby protecting the environment and the occupational health of workers.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a high-efficiency dust reduction device for conveying a material drop transfer point, comprising a material drop sealing chamber, a material / airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline;

[0006] The blanking sealing cavity seals the upper belt discharge port, and the blanking sealing cavity includes a flexible sealing curtain, a cavity top cover, a material baffle plate, and a cavity outer wall. The flexible sealing curtain is vertically arranged, and its top end is fixed to one end of the cavity top cover, and the bottom end is suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged material baffle plate, and the material baffle plate is arranged in front of the movement direction of the upper belt, so that the forward direction of the material changes from horizontal to vertical downward; the bottom end of the material baffle plate is fixed to one side wall of the cavity outer wall, and the other side wall of the cavity outer wall seals the lower belt discharge port;

[0007] The material / airflow guiding device includes a dust separation net, an air inlet pipe, an air inlet cavity bottom plate, an exhaust pipeline, and a fan; the dust separation net is located directly below the lower belt discharge port and is obliquely arranged at the bottom end of the cavity outer wall near the lower belt; a one-way valve is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet cavity bottom plate is arranged at the lower part of the dust separation net, and together with the air inlet pipe and the dust separation net, it forms an air inlet cavity, and isolates the air inlet cavity into an independent cavity; the air outlet pipeline at the end of the air inlet pipe adopts a gradually expanding design, which can evenly guide the airflow entering the air inlet cavity to the lower surface of the dust separation net; the dust separation net adopts a double-layer design, and the double layers of the dust separation net are both porous plates, the bottom mesh aperture of the dust separation net is larger than the upper mesh aperture, and the upper mesh aperture is smaller than the material particle size; the exhaust pipeline is located on the upper surface of the dust separation net. The air inlet of the air extraction pipeline is extended into the interior of the blanking sealing cavity, and the opening is downward; the end of the air extraction pipeline is connected to the top of the vertically placed gas-solid separation pipeline, and the bottom tail of the gas-solid separation pipeline is connected to the horizontally placed dust exhaust pipe. A fan is arranged at the bottom of the dust exhaust pipe, and the outlet inner pipe connected to the fan passes through the dust exhaust pipe and extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipeline at a certain height. A swirl guide structure composed of a diverter and guide blades is arranged at the top of the gas-solid separation pipeline. In the subsequent gas-solid separation pipeline, the material dust is separated from the airflow, and the clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner pipe, and the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe; the dust exhaust pipes are distributed around the outlet inner pipe, and the outlet end of the dust exhaust pipe is connected to one end of the feed pipe; the fan provides power for the gas flow in the material / airflow guiding device;

[0008] The other end of the feeding pipe extends into the outer wall of the cavity, and the discharge port of the feeding pipe extends into the interior of the material-dropping sealing cavity, and a screw conveyor is installed on the feeding pipe.

[0009] The number of air intake pipes and the operating air volume of the fan of the present invention need to be determined based on the slope area, opening rate, upper mesh aperture and lower mesh aperture of the dust separation net. If the inclined slope area of ​​the dust separation net is larger, the number of air intake pipes used will increase, thereby providing sufficient airflow for the air intake cavity.

[0010] The present invention sets the inclination angle of the dust separation net to 40° to 50°, which can take into account both material falling buffering and extending the service life of the separation net.

[0011] The aperture of the upper layer of the dust-material separation net of the present invention is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the particle size of the material, and under the synergistic effect of the airflow, the material can smoothly fall down the slope without blocking the mesh holes.

[0012] The present invention adds a flexible buffering material dropping device at the connection between the material conveying pipe and the outer wall of the cavity, and the flexible buffering material dropping device can make the fine materials return to the lower belt with minimum impact force for transportation.

[0013] Flexible sealing curtains are arranged on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom of the dust-material separation net close to the lower belt, so as to make the cavity as sealed as possible without affecting material transportation.

[0014] A dust reduction method for a high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for a material transport transfer point comprises the following steps:

[0015] ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate according to the material type and upper belt speed to ensure that the material is completely blocked by the baffle plate in the early stage of falling, so that the material entering the falling sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement;

[0016] ② All the materials fall on the dust separation net. The aperture size of the dust separation net is determined according to the particle size of the materials. The aperture size of the upper mesh of the dust separation net is guaranteed to be less than the particle size of the materials (95% confidence interval). The materials roll down on the surface of the dust separation net.

[0017] ③ The fan provides the suction power, so that the whole blanking sealing cavity is in a negative pressure state. The main airflow in the cavity enters the air inlet cavity from the one-way valves arranged in parallel, and reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net evenly under the guidance of the air inlet pipe. The airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net from the bottom under the action of negative pressure, so that the material rolling down on the upper surface of the dust separation net presents a tumbling flow state under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower belt due to gravity, and the airflow blows away the fine particles and dust in the gap between the materials, and is extracted out of the blanking sealing cavity through the suction pipeline; extract the blanking The airflow in the sealed cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipeline, and the swirl guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-laden airflow drawn out from the blanking sealing cavity, separates the material dust in the dust-laden airflow from the airflow, and discharges it from the inner tube of the clean airflow outlet. The separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe, and re-enters the lower part of the blanking sealing cavity driven by the screw conveyor, and is discharged onto the lower conveyor belt through the flexible buffer blanking device, so that the small particle size material returns to the belt conveyor system; a small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the exhaust pipeline driven by the airflow inside the blanking sealing cavity for gas-solid separation again.

[0018] The calculation formula used for the airflow size of the dust separation net of the present invention is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Where: v t is the airflow velocity on the upper mesh of the dust-material separation net, m / s;

[0021] ρ p is the particle density of the material, kg / m 3 ;

[0022] ρ f is the fluid density, kg / m 3 ;

[0023] g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s 2 ;

[0024] d is the particle size of the material 25 , m;

[0025] a is the particle size of the material D 25 The numerical ratio of the aperture of the upper mesh of the dust separation net;

[0026] C d is the drag coefficient, calculated as:

[0027]

[0028] Where: R e is the Reynolds number, calculated as:

[0029]

[0030] Where: μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, Pa·s.

[0031] The calculation formula for the height and distance of the baffle plate is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, unit: m;

[0034] v p It is the upper belt running speed, in m / s.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention separates the fine materials that may cause dust in the materials transported by the upper belt in advance during their falling process by guiding the airflow. The pre-separated airflow enters the gas-solid separation pipeline, and the swirl guide structure divides and rotates the dust-containing airflow drawn out from the blanking sealing cavity, separates the material dust in the dust-containing airflow from the airflow, and discharges it from the inner pipe of the clean airflow outlet, while the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe, re-enters the lower part of the blanking sealing cavity driven by the screw conveyor, and is discharged to the lower conveyor belt through the flexible buffer blanking device, so that the small-size material returns to the belt conveying system; the dust caused by a small amount of impact can be discharged from ... pre-separated airflow enters the gas-solid separation pipeline, Driven by the airflow inside the blanking sealing cavity, it re-enters the exhaust pipeline for gas-solid separation again, which can effectively solve the dust and dispersion generated by the blanking links such as belt conveyors, and protect the environment and the occupational health of workers; at the same time, the present invention can collect the separated fine materials and send them back to the transportation system, effectively reducing the material loss caused by traditional dust removal methods; the present invention can slow down the impact of falling materials, extend the service life of the lower conveyor belt and other transportation links, and improve work efficiency; compared with traditional dust removal, the present invention does not use liquids and does not produce sewage pollution; does not introduce other substances and does not affect the quality of materials; does not collect dust, does not require regular cleaning, and can operate automatically for a long time. The device of the present invention does not take up extra space, is easy to arrange, and can be organically combined with other dust prevention devices as needed to play a comprehensive dust prevention role and achieve better results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mid-swirl flow guide structure.

[0038] In the figure: 1. flexible sealing curtain, 2. cavity top cover, 3. material baffle plate, 4. cavity outer wall, 5. dust-material separation net, 6. one-way valve, 7. air inlet pipe, 8. air inlet cavity bottom plate, 9. exhaust pipeline, 10. diverter, 11. guide vane, 12. gas-solid separation pipeline, 13. outlet inner pipe, 14. dust exhaust pipe, 15. fan, 16. flexible buffering dropping device, 17. feed pipe, 18. screw conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for transporting material transfer points includes a material sealing chamber, a material / airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline 12;

[0041] The blanking sealing cavity seals the upper belt discharge port, which can ensure that the material does not overflow during the falling process and maintain the internal pressure of the cavity, and coordinately organize the dust-containing airflow. The blanking sealing cavity includes a flexible sealing curtain 1, a cavity top cover 2, a baffle plate 3, and a cavity outer wall 4. The flexible sealing curtain 1 is vertically arranged, and its top end is fixed to one end of the cavity top cover 2, and the bottom end is suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover 2 is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged baffle plate 3. The baffle plate 3 is arranged in front of the movement direction of the upper belt, and the purpose is to block the material from rushing forward, so that the forward direction of the material is changed from horizontal to vertical downward; the bottom end of the baffle plate 3 is fixed to one side wall of the cavity outer wall 4, and the other side wall of the cavity outer wall 4 seals the lower belt discharge port;

[0042] The material / airflow guiding device includes a dust-material separation net 5, an air inlet pipe 7, an air inlet cavity bottom plate 8, an exhaust pipeline 9, and a fan 15; the dust-material separation net 5 is located directly below the lower belt discharge port and is obliquely arranged at the bottom end of the cavity outer wall 4 close to the lower belt; a one-way valve 6 is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe 7, so that the air flow can freely enter the cavity without causing gas backflow; the air inlet cavity bottom plate 8 is arranged at the lower part of the dust-material separation net 5, and together with the air inlet pipe 7 and the dust-material separation net 5, forms an air inlet cavity, and isolates the air inlet cavity into an independent cavity, and the air inlet cavity bottom plate 8 can be opened to enter when necessary. Cleaning and maintenance are performed; the end of the air outlet pipe of the air inlet pipe 7 adopts a gradually expanding design, which can evenly guide the airflow entering the air inlet cavity to the lower surface of the dust separation net 5; the dust separation net 5 adopts a double-layer design, and the double layers of the dust separation net 5 are both porous plates. The bottom mesh aperture of the dust separation net 5 is larger than the upper mesh aperture, which can play a role in airflow distribution. The upper mesh aperture is smaller than the material particle size. With the cooperation of the airflow, the material can roll down from the dust separation net 5 to the lower belt; the exhaust pipeline 9 is located on the outer wall of the cavity facing the upper surface of the dust separation net 5 4, and the inlet of the exhaust pipeline 9 extends into the inside of the blanking sealing cavity, with the opening facing downward to prevent the material from splashing in; the end of the exhaust pipeline 9 is connected to the top of the vertically placed gas-solid separation pipeline 12, and the bottom tail of the gas-solid separation pipeline 12 is connected to the horizontally placed dust exhaust pipe 14, and a fan 15 is arranged at the bottom of the dust exhaust pipe 14, and the outlet inner pipe 13 connected to the fan 15 penetrates the dust exhaust pipe 14 upward and then extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipeline 12 at a certain height, which is used to guide the clean airflow after gas-solid separation. The top of the gas-solid separation pipeline 12 is provided with a splitter The swirl flow guide structure composed of 10 and the guide vane 11 can split and rotate the dust-containing airflow extracted from the blanking sealing cavity, separate the material dust from the airflow in the subsequent gas-solid separation pipeline 12, and the clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner tube 13, while the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe 14; the dust exhaust pipe 14 is distributed around the outlet inner tube 13, and is used to collect and store the separated material dust, and the outlet end of the dust exhaust pipe 14 is connected to one end of the material conveying pipe 17; the fan 15 provides power for the gas flow in the material / airflow guiding device;

[0043] The other end of the feeding pipe 17 extends into the outer wall 4 of the cavity, and the discharge port of the feeding pipe 17 extends into the inside of the material-dropping sealing cavity. A screw conveyor 18 is installed on the feeding pipe 17, and the screw conveyor 18 is the power to return the separated fine materials.

[0044] The number of air inlet pipes 7 and the operating air volume of the fan 15 need to be determined according to the slope area, opening rate, upper mesh aperture, and lower mesh aperture of the dust-material separation net 5 .

[0045] The inclination angle of the dust separation net 5 is 40° to 50°, which can take into account both the material falling buffer and the extension of the service life of the separation net.

[0046] The aperture of the upper mesh of the dust-material separation net 5 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the particle size of the material. Under the synergistic effect of the airflow, the material can smoothly fall down the slope without blocking the mesh.

[0047] A flexible buffering device 16 is installed at the connection between the conveying pipe 17 and the outer wall 4 of the cavity, so that the fine materials can return to the lower belt for transportation with minimum impact force.

[0048] Flexible sealing curtains 1 are arranged on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom of the dust-material separation net 5 close to the lower belt, in order to make the cavity as sealed as possible without affecting material transportation.

[0049] A dust reduction method for a high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for a material transport transfer point comprises the following steps:

[0050] ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 according to the material type and the upper belt speed, to ensure that the material is completely blocked by the baffle plate 3 and enters the material sealing cavity before it falls from the upper belt, and the material entering the material sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement;

[0051] ② All materials fall on the dust separation net 5. The upper mesh diameter and the lower mesh diameter of the dust separation net 5 are determined according to the material particle size to ensure that the upper mesh diameter of the dust separation net 5 is less than the material particle size (95% confidence interval). The materials roll down on the surface of the dust separation net 5 to the lower belt and complete the transportation;

[0052] ③At the same time, the fan 15 provides the suction power, so that the whole blanking sealing cavity is in a negative pressure state. The main airflow in the cavity enters the air inlet cavity from the one-way valves 6 arranged in parallel, and reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net 5 evenly under the guidance of the air inlet pipe 7. The airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net 5 from the bottom under the action of negative pressure, so that the material rolling down on the upper surface of the dust separation net 5 is in a tumbling flow state under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower belt due to gravity. At the same time, the airflow blows up the fine particles and dust in the gap between the materials and takes them away, and is extracted from the blanking sealing cavity through the suction pipe 9; the blanking sealing cavity is extracted The airflow in the sealing cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipeline 12, and the swirl guide structure will divert and rotate the dust-containing airflow drawn out from the blanking sealing cavity, separate the material dust in the dust-containing airflow from the airflow, and discharge it from the clean airflow outlet inner tube 13, while the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe 14, and re-enters the lower part of the blanking sealing cavity driven by the screw conveyor 18, and is discharged to the lower conveyor belt through the flexible buffer blanking device 16, so that the small particle size material returns to the belt conveying system; a small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the exhaust pipeline 9 driven by the airflow inside the blanking sealing cavity for gas-solid separation again.

[0053] The calculation formula used for the airflow size ejected by the dust separation net 5 is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Where: v t is the airflow velocity on the upper mesh of the dust-material separation net, m / s;

[0056] ρ p is the particle density of the material, kg / m 3 ;

[0057] ρ f is the fluid density, kg / m 3 ;

[0058] g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s 2 ;

[0059] d is the particle size of the material 25 , m;

[0060] a is the particle size of the material D 25 The numerical ratio of the aperture of the upper mesh of the dust separation net;

[0061] C d is the drag coefficient, calculated as:

[0062]

[0063] Where: R e is the Reynolds number, calculated as:

[0064]

[0065] Where: μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, Pa·s.

[0066] The calculation formula of the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Where: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, unit: m;

[0069] v p It is the upper belt running speed, in m / s.

[0070] An embodiment of the present invention is given

[0071] The design purpose of the present invention is to reduce the emission of dust from falling materials under the premise of zero material loss. The specific principle is to pre-separate the flying fine particles that exist and are generated in the process of material falling by guiding the airflow, and make the material fall along the slope of the dust separation net 5, which can greatly reduce the impact of falling materials and the dust caused by the impact; the pre-separated fine particles enter the gas-solid separation pipeline 12 through the exhaust pipeline 9 under the drive of the airflow, thereby realizing the separation of material particles and airflow; the separated material particles are sent back to the conveyor belt by the screw conveyor 18 and the feed pipe 17.

[0072] To achieve the above process, it is necessary to determine the double-layer mesh aperture of the dust separation net 5, the number of air inlet pipes 7, the size of the one-way valve 6 and the air volume of the fan 15 according to the on-site conditions; among them, the inclination angle of the dust separation net 5 selected in this embodiment is about 45°, which can take into account both the buffering of falling materials and the extension of the service life of the separation net. On this basis, the aperture of the upper mesh of the dust separation net 5 is selected to be 1 / 3 of the particle size of the material. Under the synergistic effect of the airflow, the material can fall smoothly along the slope without blocking the mesh. The airflow ejected from the mesh needs to have a certain pushing and supporting effect on the material on the dust separation net. The reference air velocity can be calculated using the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] In this embodiment, the particle size D 25 The numerical ratio a of the mesh aperture of the upper layer of the dust separation net is selected to be 4;

[0075] Drag coefficient C d The calculation formula is:

[0076]

[0077] Where: R e is the Reynolds number, calculated as:

[0078]

[0079] Where: μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, Pa·s.

[0080] The calculation formula of the height and distance of the baffle plate 3 is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Where: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, unit: m;

[0083] v p It is the upper belt running speed, in m / s.

[0084] In this embodiment, 36 sets of inlet pipe 7 and one-way valve 6 matching components are used, and the ventilation diameter of a single one-way valve 6 and inlet pipe 7 is about 0.2m; the upper mesh aperture of the dust separation net 5 is the material particle size D 25 The aperture of the lower layer of the dust separation net 5 is 4 to 5 times that of the upper layer, which can effectively balance and rectify the airflow, ensure that the airflow passes through the dust separation net 5 evenly, and ensure that the small amount of material falling from the upper mesh will not be stuck in the dust separation net 5 and affect the ventilation efficiency; the opening ratio of the dust separation net 5 is 50% to 75%. Therefore, according to the calculated air velocity of the aperture of the dust separation net 5, the normal operation guide air volume of the fan 15 should reach 7m 3 / s, that is, 25200m 3 / h.

[0085] In practical applications, it should be considered that large-size materials will fall freely along the upper surface of the dust-material separation net 5 under the action of gravity, and the required mesh air velocity is usually lower than the calculated value, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation on site.

[0086] In this embodiment, the air volume of the fan 15 is about 12000m 3 / h, the mesh air velocity of the dust separation net 5 is converted to 8.38m / s. The dust separation performance of this embodiment is good.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring materials, characterized in that: It includes a material sealing cavity, a material / airflow guiding device, and a gas-solid separation pipeline (12); The blanking sealing cavity seals the upper belt discharge port, and the blanking sealing cavity comprises a flexible sealing curtain (1), a cavity top cover (2), a material baffle plate (3), and a cavity outer wall (4). The flexible sealing curtain (1) is vertically arranged, and its top end is fixed to one end of the cavity top cover (2), and its bottom end is suspended. The other end of the cavity top cover (2) is fixed to the top end of the vertically arranged material baffle plate (3). The material baffle plate (3) is arranged in front of the moving direction of the upper belt, so that the forward direction of the material changes from horizontal to vertical downward; the bottom end of the material baffle plate (3) is fixed to one side wall of the cavity outer wall (4), and the other side wall of the cavity outer wall (4) seals the lower belt discharge port; The material / airflow guiding device comprises a dust-material separation net (5), an air inlet pipe (7), an air inlet cavity bottom plate (8), an exhaust pipeline (9), and a fan (15); the dust-material separation net (5) is located directly below the lower belt discharge port and is obliquely arranged at the bottom end of the cavity outer wall (4) near the lower belt; a one-way valve (6) is installed at the air inlet of the air inlet pipe (7); the air inlet cavity bottom plate (8) is arranged at the lower part of the dust-material separation net (5), and together with the air inlet pipe (7) and the dust-material separation net (5) form an air inlet cavity, and the air inlet cavity is isolated into an independent cavity; the end of the air inlet pipe (7) is designed with a gradually expanding form at the air outlet, which can evenly guide the airflow entering the air inlet cavity to the lower surface of the dust separation net (5); the dust separation net (5) adopts a double-layer design, and the two layers of the dust separation net (5) are both porous plates, the bottom mesh aperture of the dust separation net (5) is larger than the upper mesh aperture, and the upper mesh aperture is smaller than the material particle size; the exhaust pipeline (9) is located on the outer wall (4) of the cavity directly facing the upper surface of the dust separation net (5), and the exhaust pipeline (9) is The outlet of the air extraction pipeline (9) extends into the interior of the blanking sealing cavity and opens downward; the end of the air extraction pipeline (9) is connected to the top of a vertically placed gas-solid separation pipeline (12); the bottom end of the gas-solid separation pipeline (12) is connected to a horizontally placed dust exhaust pipe (14); a fan (15) is arranged at the bottom of the dust exhaust pipe (14); an outlet inner pipe (13) connected to the fan (15) penetrates the dust exhaust pipe (14) and then extends into the center of the gas-solid separation pipeline (12) to a certain height; a flow divider (10) and a flow control device (11) are arranged at the top of the gas-solid separation pipeline (12); The swirl flow guide structure composed of the guide blades (11) separates the material dust from the airflow in the subsequent gas-solid separation pipeline (12), and the clean airflow is discharged from the outlet inner tube (13), while the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe (14); the dust exhaust pipe (14) is distributed around the outlet inner tube (13) and is used to collect and store the separated material dust, and the outlet end of the dust exhaust pipe (14) is connected to one end of the material conveying pipe (17); the fan (15) provides power for the gas flow in the material / airflow guiding device; The other end of the material delivery pipe (17) extends into the outer wall (4) of the cavity, and the material outlet of the material delivery pipe (17) extends into the interior of the material-dropping sealing cavity. A screw conveyor (18) is installed on the material delivery pipe (17).

2. According to claim 1, a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring points of falling materials is characterized in that: The number of air inlet pipes (7) and the operating air volume of the fan (15) need to be determined according to the slope area, opening rate, upper mesh aperture and lower mesh aperture of the dust separation net (5).

3. According to claim 2, a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring points of falling materials is characterized in that: The inclination angle of the dust separation net (5) is 40° to 50°.

4. According to claim 2, a high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring points of falling materials is characterized in that: The aperture of the upper layer of the dust-material separation net (5) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the particle size of the material, and under the synergistic effect of the airflow, the material can smoothly fall down the slope without blocking the mesh holes.

5. The high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A flexible buffering device (16) is installed at the connection between the material delivery pipe (17) and the outer wall (4) of the cavity.

6. The high-efficiency dust suppression device suitable for transporting and transferring material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Flexible sealing curtains (1) are arranged on both sides of the lower belt and at the bottom end of the dust-material separation net (5) close to the lower belt.

7. A dust reduction method for a high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for a material transport transfer point, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ① Determine the height and distance of the baffle plate (3) according to the material type and the upper belt speed, and ensure that the material is completely blocked by the baffle plate (3) in the early stage of falling, so that the material entering the falling sealing cavity is completely transformed into vertical downward movement; ② All the materials fall onto the dust separation net (5). The size of the pores of the dust separation net (5) is determined according to the particle size of the materials, ensuring that the pore size of the upper mesh of the dust separation net (5) is less than the particle size of the materials, and the materials roll down on the surface of the dust separation net (5); ③ The fan (15) provides suction power, so that the entire blanking sealing cavity is in a negative pressure state. The main airflow in the cavity enters the air inlet cavity from the one-way valves (6) arranged in parallel, and evenly reaches the bottom of the lower layer of the dust separation net (5) under the guidance of the air inlet pipe (7). The airflow passes through the mesh of the dust separation net (5) from the bottom under the action of negative pressure, so that the material rolling down on the upper surface of the dust separation net (5) presents a tumbling flow state under the blowing of the airflow. At this time, the material falls to the lower belt due to gravity, and the airflow blows away the fine particles and dust in the gap between the materials, and is extracted out of the blanking sealing cavity through the suction pipe (9); the blanking sealing cavity is extracted The airflow of the sealing cavity enters the gas-solid separation pipeline (12), and the swirl guide structure diverts and rotates the dust-containing airflow extracted from the blanking sealing cavity, separates the material dust in the dust-containing airflow from the airflow, and discharges it from the clean airflow outlet inner tube (13), while the separated material dust enters the dust exhaust pipe (14), and re-enters the lower part of the blanking sealing cavity driven by the screw conveyor (18), and is discharged onto the lower conveyor belt through the flexible buffer blanking device (16), so that the small-particle material returns to the belt conveying system; a small amount of dust caused by impact can re-enter the exhaust pipeline (9) driven by the airflow inside the blanking sealing cavity to perform gas-solid separation again.

8. The dust reduction method of the high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for the material transport transfer point according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation formula used for the airflow size ejected by the dust separation net (5) is as follows: Where: v t is the airflow velocity on the upper mesh of the dust-material separation net, m / s; ρ p is the particle density of the material, kg / m 3 ; ρ f is the fluid density, kg / m 3 ; g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s 2 ; d is the particle size of the material 25 , m; a is the particle size of the material D 25 The numerical ratio of the aperture of the upper mesh of the dust separation net; C d is the drag coefficient, calculated as: Where: R e is the Reynolds number, calculated as: Where: μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, Pa·s.

9. The dust reduction method of the high-efficiency dust reduction device suitable for the transport and transfer point of falling materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation formulas for the height and distance of the baffle plate (3) are as follows: Where: H is the height of the baffle plate below the upper belt, unit: m; v p It is the upper belt running speed, in m / s.

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