Shaft tunneling blasting method based on shaped charge

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft tunneling blasting method based on shaped charge, which comprises the following steps: drilling an empty hole in the center of an excavation section, sequentially drilling a plurality of slotting holes, a plurality of caving holes and a plurality of peripheral holes from inside to outside around the empty hole, the plurality of slotting holes, the plurality of caving holes and the plurality of peripheral holes are annularly arranged by taking the empty hole as a center; the slotting holes are sequentially filled with one-way shaped charge and stemming from bottom to top; the caving holes are sequentially filled with hole bottom shaped charge, common cartridges and stemming from bottom to top; the peripheral holes are sequentially filled with bidirectional shaped charge and stemming from bottom to top; and all blast holes in the excavation section are subjected to delayed blasting from inside to outside. The hard rock slotting blasting effect can be improved during vertical shaft tunneling blasting, the utilization rate of deep blast holes is increased, and the peripheral forming effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft and tunnel excavation blasting, in particular to a vertical shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge. Background Art

[0002] As a vertical passage for underground engineering, shaft has functions such as air supply, ventilation, and drainage, and is widely used in mining, tunnel construction, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, etc. The main methods for shaft excavation construction are mechanical method and drilling and blasting method. Among them, drilling and blasting method has the advantages of simple construction process, strong engineering adaptability, and low economic cost. It is more economical and effective for medium-hard rock, so drilling and blasting method is still the most commonly used construction method for shaft excavation.

[0003] However, the existing shaft excavation blasting method is to excavate in hard rock strata. The rock-breaking ability of explosives in hard rock is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is difficult for the blasting cracks to expand and extend during slot blasting, and the slot rock mass cannot be effectively fractured to form broken rock blocks. Large pieces of rock are difficult to be fully thrown out to form slots, resulting in the slot blasting effect failing to achieve the expected effect and failing to provide a good free surface for subsequent blasting of other blastholes, thereby affecting the overall drilling and blasting efficiency of the entire section, and easily resulting in problems such as low overall excavation efficiency and poor forming effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge, which can improve the hard rock slot blasting effect during shaft excavation blasting, increase the utilization rate of deep hole blastholes, and enhance the peripheral forming effect.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: drilling an empty hole at the center of the excavated section, and drilling a slot hole, a collapse hole and a peripheral hole in sequence from the inside to the outside around the empty hole, wherein the slot holes, the collapse holes and the peripheral holes are multiple, and the multiple slot holes, the multiple collapse holes and the multiple peripheral holes are arranged in a ring shape with the empty hole as the center;

[0008] Step 2: The cutout hole is filled with unidirectional shaped charge and taphole mud in sequence from bottom to top;

[0009] Step 3: The cave-in hole is filled with bottom shaped charge, common powder roll and taphole mud from bottom to top in sequence;

[0010] Step 4: The peripheral holes are filled with bidirectional shaped charges and taphole mud in sequence from bottom to top;

[0011] Step 5: All blast holes in the excavation section are subjected to delayed blasting from the inside out.

[0012] Furthermore, the unidirectional shaped charge in step 2 includes: a type of tube body, which is made of flame-retardant PVC material and filled with explosives, and an electronic detonator is placed in the explosive inside the type of tube body; a type of energy focusing hole, which is arranged in the energy focusing direction of the type of tube body and is integrally formed with the type of tube body. The opening width of the type of energy focusing hole is 30 to 40 mm, and the opening angle of the type of energy focusing hole is 100 to 140°. For groove blasting, when the opening width and opening angle of the type of energy focusing hole are within the above range, it can ensure that the rock mass in the groove area is within the energy focusing range, and the degree of damage to the rock mass in the groove area is significantly aggravated.

[0013] Furthermore, the type I tube body is provided with a high wave impedance interlayer in the non-energy focusing direction, and the thickness of the high wave impedance interlayer is 0.4 to 0.6 times the overall wall thickness of the type I tube body.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 2, the one-way shaped charge has a type of shaped charge hole aligned with the empty hole at the center of the excavated section, and the one-type shaped charge hole is directed toward the center of the inner side of the slot cavity, which can promote the explosion energy to converge toward the inner side of the slot cavity. Moreover, the cracks between the empty hole and the charge hole are more likely to penetrate each other.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom hole shaped charge in step 3 includes:

[0016] The second type of tube body is made of flame-retardant PVC with a double-layer hollow structure. The double-layer hollow structure is composed of an inner cavity and an outer cavity from the inside to the outside. The inner cavity of the second type of tube body is filled with explosives and electronic detonators. The top of the outer cavity of the second type of tube body is provided with a water injection channel and an exhaust channel. The water injection channel and the exhaust channel are both equipped with sealing plugs. The outer cavity of the second type of tube body is filled with water.

[0017] A buffer pad is arranged at the bottom of the second-type tube body and is connected to the second-type tube body by threads. The buffer pad is made of polyurethane and has a height of 10 to 20 mm.

[0018] The annular energy focusing hole is arranged at the bottom of the second type tube body 15 to 25 mm away from the buffer pad. The opening width of the annular energy focusing hole is 8 to 12 mm, and the opening angle of the annular energy focusing hole is 60 to 90°. By using a smaller opening and a smaller opening angle, the energy can be mainly concentrated on the angular bisector of the annular energy focusing hole, which is helpful to form an excellent main crack.

[0019] A sealing cover is arranged on the top of the second-type tube body, the height of the sealing cover is 10-20 mm, the sealing cover is connected to the second-type tube body by threads, a small hole with a diameter of 8 mm is opened in the middle of the sealing cover, and the electronic detonator pin wire is led out from the small hole. Currently, the diameter of detonators is mostly in the range of 7-8 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, a buckle 1 is provided in the middle of the sealing cover, and the buckle 1 includes a sliding track 1, a spring 1 and a clamp 1. One end of the spring 1 is fixed inside the sliding track 1, and the other end of the spring 1 is fixed with the clamp 1.

[0021] Furthermore, the bidirectional shaped charge in step 4 comprises: a three-type tube body, a bidirectional shaped explosive module is arranged on the top of the three-type tube body, an electronic detonator is fixed in the bidirectional shaped explosive module, the three-type tube body is made of flame-retardant PVC material, and two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are arranged inside, the two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are symmetrically arranged, and the multiple longitudinal baffles of each row of longitudinal baffle groups are equidistantly arranged, and a transverse baffle is arranged between every two of the longitudinal baffles of the two rows of longitudinal baffle groups, and a directional window is provided in the tube body area surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the transverse baffles, and the space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the transverse baffles forms a square groove, and the space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the three-type tube body forms an arc groove, and a detonating cord channel is provided in the middle of the two sides of the outside of the square groove, close to the longitudinal baffle, and the detonating cord channel is filled with high water-resistant detonating cord, and the inner diameter of the detonating cord channel matches the diameter of the detonating cord in a ratio of 10:8, the square groove is filled with the bidirectional shaped explosive module, and the arc groove is filled with buffer material.

[0022] Furthermore, the bidirectional shaped charge module includes a shell, explosives and three types of energy focusing holes. In order to facilitate loading, the size of the shell matches the size of the square groove in a ratio of 9:10. Three types of energy focusing holes are provided at both ends of the shell. The opening width of the three types of energy focusing holes matches the width of the square groove. The opening angle of the three types of energy focusing holes is 60 to 90°. The shell is filled with explosives.

[0023] Furthermore, the square groove on the three-type bidirectional shaped charge tube is filled with a water bubble mud module. The water cannon mud module includes a shell and water. The size of the shell matches the size of the square groove in a ratio of 9:10. The shell is filled with water, and the water bubble mud module is partially filled. The filling is in an interval mode of explosive-water bubble mud module-explosive-water bubble mud module-explosive.

[0024] Furthermore, the square groove is provided with a second clip at both ends, and the second clip includes a second sliding track, a second spring and a second clip head, one end of the second spring is fixed inside the second sliding track, and the other end of the second spring is fixed with the second clip head.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1) The present invention effectively gathers the energy generated by the explosion of explosives through the energy-gathering effect of the one-way shaped charge energy-gathering groove and uses the high wave impedance partition to reflect the explosion shock wave to form a wave superposition, so as to effectively fracture the hard rock groove cavity rock mass, so that the rock mass in the groove area is broken more completely, and the groove cavity rock mass becomes easier to throw out, thereby improving the hard rock groove excavation effect, providing a good free surface for subsequent blasting, and further improving the full-section drilling and blasting efficiency.

[0027] 2) The present invention opens an annular energy-gathering hole at the bottom of the second-type pipe body 15 to 25 mm away from the buffer pad. When the explosive explodes, the energy-gathering hole is used to form a jet to penetrate and destroy the rock mass at the bottom of the blasthole, which is conducive to the formation of an excellent fracture separation effect after the explosion of the rock mass at the bottom of the blasthole, so that the rock mass designed to be excavated in the section is separated from the surrounding rock, which can effectively reduce the clamping effect of the surrounding rock, so that the bottom rock mass can be completely thrown out, increase the single-cycle footage, and improve the utilization rate of the section blasthole; the present invention fills water in the outer cavity of the second-type pipe body, and when the explosive explodes, the water can be vaporized to produce more gas products, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of crack expansion and rock breaking. The utility model discloses a kind of shaped charge, and the ...

[0028] 3) The present invention provides energy-gathering holes at both ends of the bidirectional shaped charge module, and the rock mass is penetrated and destroyed by the energy-gathering effect formed by the energy-gathering holes, which can avoid the disorderly expansion of cracks, form an excellent directional fracture effect, and improve the peripheral forming effect; the present invention forms a two-point detonation mode by setting two detonating cords, which is conducive to the superposition of detonation waves, improves the explosion load in the energy-gathering direction, and strengthens the rock breaking ability in the energy-gathering direction; the present invention fills the arc groove with buffer materials, and uses the buffer materials to reduce the damage of the explosive explosion to the retained rock mass, avoids the retained rock mass from being damaged, and produces over-excavation; the square groove on the three-type tube body of the bidirectional shaped charge in the present invention can be partially filled with water bubble mud, and the amount of explosives can be appropriately reduced according to different working conditions, significantly improving the energy utilization rate of the explosives, and the water bubble mud can produce a large amount of gas products when the explosives explode, which enhances the expansion effect of the gas on the cracks, and significantly improves the crack expansion efficiency and the rock crushing effect; the present invention provides buckles at both ends of the square groove, which can prevent the bidirectional shaped charge module from falling off from the square groove during the blasthole charging process, thereby protecting the integrity of the charge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1The present invention provides a blasthole arrangement diagram for a highly efficient shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a type of tube body in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the second type tube body structure in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of buckle 1 in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a side view of the three-type tube body in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 AA cross-section diagram.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buckle 2 in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional shaped charge module in the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water bubble mud module in the present invention.

[0038] Among them, 1. Central hollow hole, 2. Grooved hole, 3-1. One circle of collapse holes, 3-2. Two circles of collapse holes, 3-3. Three circles of collapse holes, 4. Peripheral holes, 5. Type I energy-gathering groove, 6. Type I pipe body, 7. High wave impedance splint, 8. Type II pipe body, 9. Annular energy-gathering hole, 10. Buffer pad, 11. Exhaust channel, 12. Water injection channel, 13. Outer cavity, 14. Inner cavity, 15. Buckle, 15-1. Sliding track 1, 15-2. Spring 1, 15-3, clamp head 1, 16, sealing cover, 17, small hole, 18, electronic detonator, 19, detonator foot line, 20, three-type tube body, 21, longitudinal partition, 22, transverse partition, 23, square groove, 24, buckle 2, 24-1, sliding track 2, 24-2, spring 2, 24-3, clamp head 2, 25, detonating cord channel, 26, two-way shaped charge module shell, 27, three-type shaped charge groove, 28, blister mud module shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Combine the following Figures 1 to 9, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0041] Example

[0042] At present, the reasons for the low overall excavation efficiency and poor forming effect during deep hole blasting excavation of hard rock shafts mainly include: First, for slot blasting: as more and more shafts are excavated in hard rock formations, the rock breaking ability of explosives in hard rock has significantly decreased. Therefore, it is difficult for the blasting cracks to expand and extend during slot blasting, and the slot rock mass cannot be effectively fractured to form broken rock blocks. Large pieces of rock are difficult to be fully thrown out to form a slot, resulting in the slot blasting effect failing to achieve the expected effect and failing to provide a good free surface for subsequent blasting of other blastholes, thereby affecting the overall drilling and blasting efficiency of the entire section. Secondly, for collapse blasting: Traditional shaft excavation blasting is shallow holes with a depth of less than 5m, and the surrounding rock clamping effect is small. The collapse hole blasting can basically reach the designed depth. However, the single cycle footage of shallow hole blasting is low, and the auxiliary operation takes a long time during the cycle conversion process. Therefore, people gradually adopt deep hole blasting with a hole depth greater than 5m. However, the surrounding rock clamping effect will increase significantly with the depth of the blasthole. The rock mass at the bottom of the blasthole is difficult to be completely thrown out, resulting in a small blasting cycle footage and a low blasthole utilization rate. In addition, for hard rock, crack expansion is limited, and cracks between the blastholes in the bottom area of ​​the section are difficult to penetrate, further affecting the cycle footage and blasthole utilization rate. Finally, for peripheral blasting: In the past, peripheral hole blasting mainly used air interval charging. Although it can reduce the explosion pressure and reduce the damage to the retained rock mass to a certain extent, there is still a problem of disorderly expansion of the blasting cracks, which leads to certain damage to the retained rock mass, poor peripheral forming effect, and reduced integrity and stability of the surrounding rock, thereby increasing support costs and extending the construction period.

[0043] In order to improve the hard rock slot blasting effect during shaft excavation blasting, increase the utilization rate of deep hole blasting, and enhance the surrounding forming effect, such as Figure 1 As shown, a shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge comprises the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Drill an empty hole 1 at the center of the excavation section, and drill a slot hole 2, a cave-in hole 3 and a peripheral hole 4 from the inside to the outside around the empty hole. There are multiple slot holes 2, cave-in holes 3 and peripheral holes 4, among which the cave-in holes 3 are arranged in three circles, namely, one circle of cave-in holes 3-1, two circles of cave-in holes 3-2 and three circles of cave-in holes 3-3, and the multiple slot holes 2, cave-in holes 3 and peripheral holes 4 are arranged in a ring shape with the empty hole 1 as the center;

[0045] Step 2: The slot hole 2 is filled with unidirectional shaped charge and taphole mud from bottom to top;

[0046] Step 3: The cave hole 3 is filled with bottom shaped charge, common powder roll and taphole mud from bottom to top;

[0047] Step 4: Fill the surrounding holes 4 with bidirectional shaped charges and taphole mud from bottom to top;

[0048] Step 5: All blast holes in the excavation section are subjected to delayed blasting from the inside out.

[0049] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, in step 2, the unidirectional shaped charge includes a type-one tube body 6, a type-one shaped energy hole 5, an electronic detonator and explosives. The thickness of the type-one tube body 6 is 2-4 mm. The type-one tube body 6 is made of flame-retardant PVC material. The type-one tube body 6 is provided with a type-one shaped energy hole 5 in the shaped energy direction. The type-one shaped energy hole 5 and the type-one tube body 6 are integrally formed. The opening width of the type-one shaped energy hole 5 is 30-40 mm. The opening angle of the type-one shaped energy hole 5 is 100-140°. For slot blasting, the opening of the shaped energy hole is larger, which can It can ensure that the rock mass in the cutout area is within the energy-gathering range, and the degree of damage to the rock mass in the cutout area is significantly aggravated; the first-type pipe body 6 is provided with a high-wave impedance interlayer 7 in the non-energy-gathering direction, and the thickness of the high-wave impedance interlayer 7 is 0.4 to 0.6 times the overall wall thickness of the first-type pipe body 6, which can ensure that the interlayer has sufficient thickness to provide good stress wave reflection performance, but is not too thick to reduce other physical properties; the first-type pipe body 6 is filled with explosives, and electronic detonators are placed in the explosives inside the first-type pipe body 6;

[0050] In some embodiments, in step 2, a type of energy focusing hole 5 of the unidirectional shaped charge is aligned with the empty hole 1 at the center of the excavated section, and the type of energy focusing hole 5 is directed toward the inner center of the slot cavity, so that the explosion energy is gathered toward the inner side of the slot cavity, and the cracks between the empty hole 1 and the charge hole are more likely to penetrate each other.

[0051] In such Figure 3In the embodiment shown, the bottom hole shaped charge in step 3 includes a second type tube body 8, the second type tube body 8 is made of flame retardant PVC material, the second type tube body 8 is a double-layer hollow structure, the double-layer hollow structure is an inner cavity 14 and an outer cavity 13 from the inside to the outside, the inner cavity 14 of the second type tube body 8 is filled with explosives and electronic detonators, the top of the outer cavity 13 of the second type tube body 8 is provided with a water injection channel 12 and an exhaust channel 11, the water injection channel 12 and the exhaust channel 11 are both matched with sealing plugs, the outer cavity 13 of the second type tube body 8 is filled with water, and the bottom of the second type tube body 8 is provided with a The buffer pad 10 is made of polyurethane. The height of the buffer pad 10 is 10-20mm. The buffer pad 10 is connected to the type II tube body 8 by threads. An annular energy focusing hole 9 is provided at the bottom of the type II tube body 8 15-25mm away from the buffer pad. The opening width of the annular energy focusing hole is 8-12mm. The opening angle of the annular energy focusing hole is 60-90°. By using a smaller opening and a smaller opening angle, the energy can be mainly concentrated on the angular bisector of the annular energy focusing hole, which helps to form an excellent main crack. A sealing cover 16 is provided on the top of the type II tube body 8. The height of the sealing cover 16 is 10-20mm. The sealing cover 16 is connected to the type II tube body 8 by threads. A small hole 17 with a diameter of 8mm is opened in the middle of the sealing cover 16. The foot line 19 of the electronic detonator 18 is led out from the small hole 17. At present, the diameter of the detonator is mostly in the range of 7-8mm. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a buckle 15 is provided in the middle of the sealing cover 16, and the buckle 15 includes a sliding track 15-1, a spring 15-2 and a clamping head 15-3. One end of the spring 15-2 is fixed to the inside of the sliding track 15-1, and the other end of the spring 15-2 is fixed to the clamping head 15-3.

[0052] In such Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the bidirectional shaped charge in step 4 includes a three-type tube body 20, a bidirectional shaped explosive module, an electronic detonator and a buffer material. The three-type tube body 20 is made of flame-retardant PVC material. Two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are arranged inside the three-type tube body 20. The two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are symmetrically arranged, and each row of longitudinal baffle groups includes a plurality of longitudinal baffles 21, and the plurality of longitudinal baffles 21 are arranged equidistantly. Transverse baffles 22 are arranged equidistantly between every two longitudinal baffles 21 of the two rows of longitudinal baffle groups. The spacing between the longitudinal baffles 21 is 30-40% of the diameter of the three-type tube body 20, and the spacing between the transverse baffles 22 is 100 mm. A directional window is provided in the tube body area surrounded by the longitudinal baffles 21 and the transverse baffles 22. The space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles 21 and the transverse baffles 22 forms a square groove 23. The opening width and opening height of the square groove 23 match the spacing between the longitudinal baffles 21 and the transverse baffles 22. The space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles 21 and the three-type tube body 20 forms an arc groove, such as Figure 6As shown, a detonating cord channel 25 is provided in the middle of both sides of the outside of the square groove 23, close to the longitudinal partition plate. The detonating cord channel 25 is filled with highly water-resistant detonating cord, and the inner diameter of the detonating cord channel 25 matches the diameter of the detonating cord in a ratio of 10:8.

[0053] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the square groove 23 is provided with buckles 24 at both ends. The buckle 24 includes a sliding track 24-1, a spring 24-2 and a clamp head 24-3. One end of the spring 24-2 is fixed to the inside of the sliding track 24-1, and the other end of the spring 24-2 is fixed to the clamp head 24-3. The buckle 24 is used to prevent the bidirectional shaped charge module from falling off from the square groove 23 during the charge loading process of the blast hole, thereby protecting the integrity of the charge.

[0054] The square groove 23 is filled with a bidirectional shaped charge module, and the arc groove is filled with a buffer material. The buffer material uses rubber concrete. The buffer material is filled in the arc groove to reduce the damage of the explosive explosion to the retained rock mass, avoid the retained rock mass from being damaged and causing over-excavation. An electronic detonator is fixed in the bidirectional shaped charge module on the top of the three-type tube body 20, and two-point detonation is formed by two detonating cords, which is conducive to the superposition of detonation waves and improves the rock breaking ability in the energy-gathering direction and the energy utilization efficiency of the explosive.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 8 As shown, the bidirectional shaped charge module includes a shell 26, explosives and three-type shaped charge holes 27. For easy loading, the size of the shell 26 matches the size of the square groove 23 in a ratio of 9:10. Three-type shaped charge holes 27 are provided at both ends of the shell 26. The opening width of the three-type shaped charge holes 27 matches the width of the square groove. The opening angle of the three-type shaped charge holes 27 is 60 to 90°. Explosives are loaded inside the shell, and the shaped charge effect formed by the three-type shaped charge holes is used to penetrate and destroy the rock mass, thereby avoiding the disorderly expansion of cracks and forming an excellent directional fracture effect.

[0056] In some embodiments, the square groove 23 on the bidirectional shaped charge three-type tube body 27 can be partially filled with a water bubble mud module, and filled in an interval mode of explosive-water bubble mud module-explosive-water bubble mud module-explosive. The water cannon mud module includes a shell 28 and water. The size of the shell matches the size of the square groove 23 in a ratio of 9:10. The shell 28 is filled with water, which can appropriately reduce the amount of medicine according to different working conditions and significantly improve the energy utilization rate of the explosive. When the explosive explodes, the water bubble mud module produces a large amount of gas products, which significantly improves the crack propagation efficiency and rock crushing effect.

[0057] The above disclosures are only several preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: drilling an empty hole at the center of the excavated section, and drilling a slot hole, a collapse hole and a peripheral hole in sequence from the inside to the outside around the empty hole, wherein the slot holes, the collapse holes and the peripheral holes are multiple, and the multiple slot holes, the multiple collapse holes and the multiple peripheral holes are arranged in a ring shape with the empty hole as the center; Step 2: The cutout hole is filled with unidirectional shaped charge and taphole mud in sequence from bottom to top; Step 3: The cave-in hole is filled with bottom shaped charge, common powder roll and taphole mud from bottom to top in sequence; Step 4: The peripheral holes are filled with bidirectional shaped charges and taphole mud in sequence from bottom to top; Step 5: All blast holes in the excavation section are subjected to delayed blasting from the inside out.

2. A shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unidirectional shaped charge in step 2 comprises: The first type of tube body is made of flame-retardant PVC material and is filled with explosives. An electronic detonator is placed in the explosives inside the first type of tube body. A type of energy focusing hole is arranged in the energy focusing direction of the type of tube body and is integrally formed with the type of tube body. The opening width of the type of energy focusing hole is 30-40 mm, and the opening angle of the type of energy focusing hole is 100-140°.

3. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The type I tube body is provided with a high wave impedance interlayer in the non-energy focusing direction, and the thickness of the high wave impedance interlayer is 0.4 to 0.6 times the overall wall thickness of the type I tube body.

4. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first type of energy-gathering hole of the one-way energy-gathering charge in step 2 is aligned with the empty hole at the center of the excavated section.

5. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom hole shaped charge in step 3 comprises: The second type of tube body is made of flame-retardant PVC with a double-layer hollow structure. The double-layer hollow structure is composed of an inner cavity and an outer cavity from the inside to the outside. The inner cavity of the second type of tube body is filled with explosives and electronic detonators. The top of the outer cavity of the second type of tube body is provided with a water injection channel and an exhaust channel. The water injection channel and the exhaust channel are both equipped with sealing plugs. The outer cavity of the second type of tube body is filled with water. A buffer pad is arranged at the bottom of the second-type tube body and is connected to the second-type tube body by threads. The buffer pad is made of polyurethane and has a height of 10 to 20 mm. An annular energy-gathering hole is arranged at the bottom of the second-type tube body 15 to 25 mm away from the buffer pad, the opening width of the annular energy-gathering hole is 8 to 12 mm, and the opening angle of the annular energy-gathering hole is 60 to 90°; The sealing cover is arranged on the top of the second-type tube body. The sealing cover is connected to the second-type tube body through threads. A small hole is opened in the middle of the sealing cover, and the electronic detonator pin line is led out through the small hole.

6. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 5, characterized in that: A buckle 1 is provided in the middle of the sealing cover, and the buckle 1 includes a sliding track 1, a spring 1 and a clamping head 1. One end of the spring 1 is fixed inside the sliding track 1, and the other end of the spring 1 is fixed with the clamping head 1.

7. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional shaped charge in step 4 comprises: a three-type tube body, a bidirectional shaped explosive module is arranged on the top of the three-type tube body, an electronic detonator is fixed in the bidirectional shaped explosive module, the three-type tube body is made of flame-retardant PVC material, two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are arranged inside, the two rows of longitudinal baffle groups are symmetrically arranged, and the multiple longitudinal baffles of each row of longitudinal baffle groups are equidistantly arranged, a transverse baffle is arranged between every two longitudinal baffles of the two rows of longitudinal baffle groups, a tube body area surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the transverse baffles is provided with a directional window, the space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the transverse baffles forms a square groove, the space surrounded by the longitudinal baffles and the three-type tube body forms an arc groove, a detonating cord channel is arranged in the middle of the two sides of the outside of the square groove, close to the longitudinal baffle, the detonating cord channel is filled with high water-resistant detonating cord, the inner diameter of the detonating cord channel matches the diameter of the detonating cord in a ratio of 10:8, the square groove is filled with the bidirectional shaped explosive module, and the arc groove is filled with buffer material.

8. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bidirectional shaped charge module includes a shell, explosives and three types of energy focusing holes. The size of the shell matches the size of the square groove in a ratio of 9:

10. Three types of energy focusing holes are provided at both ends of the shell. The opening width of the three types of energy focusing holes matches the width of the square groove. The opening angle of the three types of energy focusing holes is 60 to 90 degrees. The shell is filled with explosives.

9. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 7, characterized in that: The square groove on the two-way shaped charge type three tube body is filled with a water bubble mud module. The water cannon mud module includes a shell and water. The size of the shell matches the size of the square groove in a ratio of 9:10, and the shell is filled with water.

10. The shaft excavation blasting method based on shaped charge according to claim 7, characterized in that: The square groove is provided with two buckles at both ends, and the two buckles include two sliding rails, two springs and two clamping heads. One end of the two springs is fixed inside the two sliding rails, and the other end of the two springs is fixed with the two clamping heads.

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