Slidable vertical loading device for centrifuge shaker shear cell and method of use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of pressure test for testing the strength characteristics of solid materials with mechanical stress, in particular to a slidable vertical loading device for centrifuge shaking table shear box and its use method. The slidable vertical loading device for centrifuge shaking table shear box comprises a loading box (1), characterized in that: it further comprises a base (2), a main loading device (3), a loading panel (4) and a control device (5), the main loading device (3) comprises a support (31), a loading motor (32), an extension rod (33), a transmission mechanism (34), a connecting plate (36) and a loading rod (37); the loading panel (4) comprises an upper panel (41), a lower panel (42) and a rolling body (43). The use method of the slidable vertical loading device for centrifuge shaking table shear box is characterized by: sequentially implementing the following steps: S1. installation; S2. loading experiment. The present application is convenient to build and has strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure testing for testing the strength characteristics of solid materials using mechanical stress, specifically to a sliding vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear box and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The development and utilization of deep underground space is an inevitable path for the future development of megacities. The design of deeply buried underground structures faces technical challenges, including complex and variable geological environments, high safety requirements throughout their service life, and difficulties in post-disaster repair. By conducting centrifuge shaking table model tests on complex foundation-structure systems, the mechanical response of deeply buried underground structures under seismic loading can be determined, the stress-deformation state of the actual prototype structure can be reconstructed, and the damage location distribution and development patterns of underground structures in high-stress soil layers under different seismic intensities can be revealed. However, due to limitations such as the maximum acceleration of conventional centrifuge equipment, the ultimate load of the shaking table, and the size of the model box, current geotechnical centrifuge shaking table tests cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high ground stress and the aforementioned test limits.

[0003] The purpose of the geotechnical centrifuge shaking table test is to replicate the stress and deformation state of the real prototype structure by scaling down the structural model and increasing the centrifugal field acceleration, and to explore its physical laws. However, due to limitations in centrifugal field acceleration, shaking table ultimate load, and model box size, it is impossible to replicate the high ground stress conditions of deeply buried structures. Other devices are needed to make the stress state of the structure and soil as close as possible to the actual deep-buried conditions.

[0004] Limited by factors such as the centrifuge's maximum centrifugal acceleration, scale ratio, and model box size, the maximum burial depth of underground structures that a conventional centrifuge shaking table can simulate without additional equipment is a fixed value. Furthermore, because the shaking table has a load limit, if the weight of the model box and its contents exceeds this limit, the shaking table will malfunction. Therefore, the shaking table's load capacity is limited. These two main reasons result in a very limited range of underground structure burial depths that current centrifuge shaking table devices can simulate. Therefore, without changing the technical parameters of the centrifuge and shaking table themselves, or the shear box size, the vertical force of the overlying soil layer can be simulated by applying a load to the soil surface. This allows the overlying pressure on the structure to reach the required burial depth, meeting the needs of deep underground structure model testing.

[0005] Currently, the most similar implementation is a flexible airbag loading system, which can be used in 1g shaking table tests. The airbag is designed with two layers: an inner bladder made of TPU flexible composite material without a mesh, and an outer sheath made of TPU flexible material with a mesh. The inner bladder and outer sheath are welded together as a whole, ensuring the airtightness and strength of the airbag. A rigid top plate is placed on top of the airbag, enabling servo simulation of high ground stress in the tunnel. However, the requirements for the airbag are very high under the high-speed rotating centrifugal field, and the airbag can easily restrict the displacement of the soil and shear box, affecting the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a pressure testing device that is easy to build, highly adaptable and reliable in terms of test results, this invention discloses a sliding vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear box and its usage method.

[0007] The present invention achieves its objective through the following technical solution:

[0008] A sliding vertical loading device for a shear box of a centrifuge vibrating table includes a loading box, which comprises a box body and box columns. Soil is placed inside the box body, and four box columns are vertically fixed at the four corners of the box body. The device further includes a base, a main loading device, a loading panel, and control equipment.

[0009] The base is fitted onto and fixed to the box column;

[0010] The main loading device includes a support, a loading motor, a telescopic rod, a transmission mechanism, a loading base plate, a connecting plate, and a loading rod.

[0011] The support is fixed on the base, the loading motor is fixed on the support through the housing, and two telescopic rods are respectively located on both sides of the loading motor. The output shaft of the loading motor is connected to the two telescopic rods through the transmission mechanism. The bottom ends of the telescopic rods pass through the support and the base in sequence.

[0012] The loading base plate is slidably fitted onto the lower part of the two telescopic rods, and the connecting plate is fixed to the bottom end of the two telescopic rods;

[0013] The top of the loading rod is fixed to the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting plate;

[0014] The loading panel includes an upper panel, a lower panel, and rolling elements. The upper panel is a groove with the groove facing downwards and the bottom plate of the upper panel is fixed to the bottom end of the loading rod. The rolling elements are rotatably provided on the lower panel. The lower panel is located in the groove of the upper panel, the lower panel is in contact with the soil, and the upper panel is in contact with the rolling surface of the rolling elements.

[0015] The control device includes a pressure sensor and a controller. The pressure sensor is mounted on the loading rod, and the pressure probe of the pressure sensor is connected to the upper panel. The pressure sensor is connected to the controller via a cable.

[0016] The sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized in that: the outer side of the box column is provided with external threads, and after the base is sleeved on the box column through the positioning hole, a nut is screwed into each box column to fix the base on the box column.

[0017] The sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized in that: the base includes two bottom rods, the two ends of the bottom rods are provided with ear plates, the ear plates are provided with positioning holes, the middle of the bottom rods is provided with a sliding groove, each bottom rod is sleeved on a box column through the positioning holes at both ends, thereby sleeved the base on the box column, and the two sides of the support are fixed to the sliding groove of a bottom rod by bolt-nut assemblies.

[0018] The sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized in that the loading motor is a stepper motor.

[0019] The sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized by:

[0020] The bottom plate of the upper panel is fixed to the bottom of the loading rod by eight connecting rods. The bottom of four connecting rods is fixed to the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel, and the other four connecting rods are fixed to the midpoints of the four sides of the bottom surface of the upper panel.

[0021] The rolling elements are selected from needle rollers or ball rollers.

[0022] The sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized in that the controller is a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable controller, or a microcomputer.

[0023] The method of using the sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized by the following steps being performed sequentially:

[0024] S1. Installation:

[0025] S1.1 Place the loading panel: Connect the pressure probe of the pressure sensor to the upper panel, place the soil in the box, place the lower panel on the soil, fit the upper panel with the slot to the lower panel and fit the rolling element on the lower panel, and fix the bottom plate of the upper panel to the bottom end of the loading rod.

[0026] S1.2 Assemble the main loading device:

[0027] The loading motor is fixed to the support through the housing. A telescopic rod is set on each side of the loading motor. The output shaft of the loading motor is connected to the two telescopic rods through the transmission mechanism.

[0028] The loading base plate is slidably fitted onto the lower part of the two telescopic rods, and the connecting plate is fixed to the bottom end of the two telescopic rods.

[0029] Fix the top of the loading rod to the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting plate;

[0030] This is used to assemble the main loading device and connect the main loading device to the pressure sensor. Note that the loading plate part inside the pressure sensor must not contact the main loading device part, otherwise the applied load value cannot be measured.

[0031] S1.3 Install base: Adjust the telescopic length of the telescopic rod so that the space above the soil inside the box can accommodate the loading base plate, connecting plate, loading rod and loading panel, and fit and fix the base on the box column;

[0032] S1.4 Fixed main loading device: The support is fixed on the base, so that the bottom end of the telescopic rod, the loading base plate, the connecting plate, the loading rod and the loading panel pass through the support and the base in sequence and are placed in the space above the soil inside the box.

[0033] S1.5 Circuit connection and remote control: Connect the load motor to the power supply via wires, and connect the pressure sensor to the controller via cables. The controller is located in the main control room.

[0034] S2. Loading Experiment:

[0035] S2.1 Setting parameters: Turn on the controller and set the acquisition parameters, including loading rate, loading direction and pressure set value. After tare balancing, start the pressure sensor to prepare for data acquisition.

[0036] S2.2 Vertical Pressurization: The controller sends a loading command to the loading motor. The output shaft of the loading motor drives the loading panel to press against the soil through the transmission mechanism, telescopic rod, loading base plate, connecting plate and loading rod according to the collected parameters, so as to apply vertical pressure to the soil. The controller observes the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor. When the pressure value reaches the pressure set value, the controller sends a stop command to the loading motor to complete the vertical pressurization.

[0037] S2.3 Vibration test: The vibration test is carried out after the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is stable and the controller displays the vibration test results.

[0038] The method of using the sliding vertical loading device for the shear box of a centrifuge vibration table is characterized by:

[0039] In step S1.1,

[0040] The bottom plate of the upper panel is fixed to the bottom of the loading rod by eight connecting rods. The bottom of four connecting rods is fixed to the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel, and the other four connecting rods are fixed to the midpoints of the four sides of the bottom surface of the upper panel.

[0041] The rolling elements are needle rollers or ball rollers;

[0042] In step S1.2, a stepper motor is selected as the loading motor;

[0043] In step S1.3,

[0044] The outer surface of the box column is provided with external threads;

[0045] The base consists of two base rods, with ear plates at both ends and positioning holes on the ear plates. A sliding groove is provided in the middle of the base rod. Each base rod is fitted onto a box column through the positioning holes at both ends. A nut is screwed into each box column to fix the base onto the box column.

[0046] In step S1.4, both sides of the support are fixed to the groove of a base rod by bolt-nut assemblies.

[0047] In step S1.5, the controller is selected from a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable controller, or a microcomputer.

[0048] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. Conventional centrifuge shaking table test setups are difficult to simulate soil-deep underground structure systems, and modifying the technical parameters of the centrifuge and shaking table and the size of the shear box is quite expensive. This invention can simulate the dynamic test conditions of deep underground structures under limited test conditions, which greatly saves test costs.

[0050] 2. The basic components of this invention include conventional structures such as a loading motor, steel frame, and loading plate, forming a remotely controllable centrifuge vibration table movable vertical loading device, realizing dynamic testing of deeply buried underground structures, which is simple to operate and economical.

[0051] 3. Traditional loading methods constrain the soil, but the loading plate in this invention is a movable loading plate. The upper and lower loading plates can slide against each other through needle roller bearings. The upper loading plate and the model box always remain relatively stationary. While achieving loading, it does not restrict the horizontal displacement of the model soil and shear box, thus ensuring the validity of the test results. This device is suitable for shaking table tests. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the main loading device in this invention.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main loading device in this invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom rod in this invention from a top view.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a top view of the upper panel fixed to the bottom of the loading rod in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A sliding vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibrating table shear box includes a loading box 1, a base 2, a main loading device 3, a loading panel 4, and a control device 5, as shown in the figure. The specific structure is as follows:

[0060] The loading box 1 includes a box body 11 and box columns 12. Soil 13 is placed inside the box body 11, and four box columns 12 are vertically fixed at the four corners of the box body 11.

[0061] The base 2 is fitted onto and fixed to the box column 12;

[0062] Main loading device 3, such as Figure 2 As shown: The main loading device 3 includes a support 31, a loading motor 32, a telescopic rod 33, a transmission mechanism 34, a loading base plate 35, a connecting plate 36, and a loading rod 37.

[0063] The support 31 is fixed on the base 2. The loading motor 32 is fixed on the support 31 through the housing. Two telescopic rods 33 are respectively located on both sides of the loading motor 32. The output shaft of the loading motor 32 is connected to the two telescopic rods 33 through the transmission mechanism 34. The transmission mechanism 34 is used to convert the rotation of the output shaft of the loading motor 32 into the translation of the telescopic rods 33. A worm gear-worm mechanism can be selected. The bottom end of the telescopic rods 33 passes through the support 31 and the base 2 in sequence.

[0064] The loading base plate 35 is slidably sleeved on the lower part of the two telescopic rods 33, and the connecting plate 36 is fixed to the bottom end of the two telescopic rods 33.

[0065] The top of the loading rod 37 is fixed to the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting plate 36;

[0066] The loading panel 4 includes an upper panel 41, a lower panel 42, and a rolling element 43. The upper panel 41 is a groove with the groove facing downwards and the bottom plate of the upper panel 41 is fixed to the bottom end of the loading rod 37. The rolling element 43 is rotatably provided on the lower panel 42. The lower panel 42 is located in the groove of the upper panel 41. The lower panel 42 is in contact with the soil 13, and the upper panel 41 is in contact with the rolling surface of the rolling element 43.

[0067] Control device 5, such as Figure 3As shown: Control device 5 includes pressure sensor 51 and controller 52. Pressure sensor 51 is mounted on loading rod 37. Pressure probe of pressure sensor 51 is connected to upper panel 41. Pressure sensor 51 is connected to controller 52 via cable.

[0068] In this embodiment: the outer side of the box column 12 is provided with external threads. After the base 2 is sleeved on the box column 12 through the positioning hole, a nut 14 is screwed into each box column 12 to fix the base 2 on the box column 12.

[0069] In this embodiment, the base 2 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown: The base 2 includes two base rods 21. The two ends of the base rods 21 are provided with ear plates 211. The ear plates 211 are provided with positioning holes 212. The middle part of the base rods 21 is provided with a sliding groove 213. Each base rod 21 is sleeved on a box column 12 through the positioning holes 212 at both ends, thereby sleeved the base 2 on the box column 12. The two sides of the support 33 are fixed to the sliding groove 213 of the base rod 21 by bolt-nut assemblies 38.

[0070] In this embodiment, the loading motor 32 is a stepper motor.

[0071] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown:

[0072] The bottom plate of the upper panel 41 is fixed to the bottom end of the loading rod 37 by eight connecting rods 44. The bottom ends of four connecting rods 44 are fixed to the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel 41, and the other four connecting rods 44 are fixed to the midpoints of the four sides of the bottom surface of the upper panel 41.

[0073] The rolling element 43 is selected from needle rollers or ball rollers.

[0074] In this embodiment, the controller 52 is selected from a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable controller, or a microcomputer.

[0075] When using this embodiment, follow these steps in sequence:

[0076] S1. Installation:

[0077] S1.1 Placing the loading panel: Connect the pressure probe of the pressure sensor 51 to the upper panel 41, place the soil 13 inside the housing 11, and place the lower panel 42 on the soil 13. The upper panel 41 is fitted with the lower panel 42 through a groove and the rolling element 43 on the lower panel 42 is attached. The rolling element 43 is selected as a needle roller or ball roller. The bottom plate of the upper panel 41 is fixed to the bottom end of the loading rod 37 by eight connecting rods 44. The bottom ends of four connecting rods 44 are fixed to the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel 41, and the other four connecting rods 44 are fixed to the midpoints of the four sides of the bottom surface of the upper panel 41, thereby fixing the bottom plate of the upper panel 41 to the bottom end of the loading rod 37.

[0078] S1.2 Assemble the main loading device:

[0079] The loading motor 32 is fixed on the support 31 through the housing. The loading motor 32 is a stepper motor. A telescopic rod 33 is provided on each side of the loading motor 32. The output shaft of the loading motor 32 is connected to the two telescopic rods 33 through the transmission mechanism 34.

[0080] The loading base plate 35 is slidably fitted onto the lower part of the two telescopic rods 33, and the connecting plate 36 is fixed to the bottom end of the two telescopic rods 33.

[0081] The top end of the loading rod 37 is fixed to the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting plate 36;

[0082] This is used to assemble the main loading device 3 and connect the main loading device 3 to the pressure sensor 51. Note that the loading plate part inside the pressure sensor 51 must not contact the main loading device part, otherwise the applied load value cannot be measured.

[0083] S1.3 Mounting base: Adjust the telescopic length of the telescopic rod 33 so that the space above the soil 13 inside the box 11 can accommodate the loading base plate 35, connecting plate 36, loading rod 37 and loading panel 4;

[0084] The outer surface of the box column 12 is provided with external threads;

[0085] The base 2 includes two base rods 21. The two ends of the base rods 21 are provided with ear plates 211 and positioning holes 212. The middle part of the base rods 21 is provided with a sliding groove 213. Each base rod 21 is sleeved on a box post 12 through the positioning holes 212 at both ends. Each box post 12 is screwed with a nut 14, thereby sleeved and fixed the base 2 on the box post 12.

[0086] S1.4 Fixing the main loading device: Fix both sides of the support 33 to the groove 213 of a base rod 21 by bolt-nut assembly 38, thereby fixing the support 31 to the base 2, so that the bottom end of the telescopic rod 33, the loading base plate 35, the connecting plate 36, the loading rod 37 and the loading panel 4 pass through the support 3 and the base 2 in sequence and are placed in the space above the soil 13 inside the box 11;

[0087] S1.5 Circuit connection and remote control: Connect the loading motor 32 to the power supply through wires, and connect the pressure sensor 51 to the controller 52 through cables. The controller 52 can be a single-chip microcomputer, programmable controller or microcomputer, and the controller 52 is located in the main control room.

[0088] S2. Loading Experiment:

[0089] S2.1 Setting parameters: Turn on the controller 52 and set the acquisition parameters, including loading rate, loading direction and pressure set value. After tare balancing, start the pressure sensor 51 to prepare for data acquisition.

[0090] S2.2 Vertical Pressurization: The controller 52 sends a loading command to the loading motor 32. The output shaft of the loading motor 32 drives the loading panel 4 to press against the soil 13 according to the collected parameters through the transmission mechanism 34, telescopic rod 33, loading base plate 35, connecting plate 36 and loading rod 37, so as to apply vertical pressure to the soil 13. The controller 52 observes the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor 51. When the pressure value reaches the pressure set value, the controller 52 sends a stop command to the loading motor 32 to complete the vertical pressurization.

[0091] S2.3 Vibration test: Once the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor 51 is stable, the vibration test will be carried out.

[0092] Currently, conventional shaking tables can use the centrifuge's built-in robotic arm to apply vertical pressure to the soil surface of the model box. However, due to the limited number of application points of the robotic arm, when seismic waves or sine waves are input to the bottom of the shaking table, the robotic arm will generate torque, which may damage the robotic arm. Conventional shaking tables can also use airbag loading, but under the high-speed rotating centrifugal field of the experiment, the airtightness and quality requirements of the airbag are very high. On the other hand, because the airbag can easily affect the deformation of the soil and shear box, it may further lead to the distortion of the test results.

[0093] Compared with conventional vibration table equipment, this embodiment has the following characteristics:

[0094] i. This embodiment can achieve the overburden pressure requirements of deeply buried underground structures in a simpler, more economical and practical way without replacing with a higher-performance centrifuge or customizing a new model box, and while meeting the centrifuge load requirements.

[0095] ii. This embodiment designs a split loading panel 4, which consists of two parts: the upper panel 41 is a loading panel with constraint measures, and the lower panel 42 is a loading panel with rolling elements 43 (such as needle rollers or ball rollers) on its surface. The purpose is to apply force while allowing the upper and lower panels to move relative to each other without restricting the displacement of the soil 13. At the same time, in order to limit the lower panel 42 from moving too much during vibration and touching the side wall of the box 11, an L-shaped constraint is formed around the upper panel 41 through slots to control the range of movement of the lower panel 42 during vibration, so that the lower panel 42 will not exceed the maximum displacement of the vibration table, ensuring that the test results are not affected and that the system is safe and reliable.

[0096] iii. This embodiment is mostly composed of steel components, which are easy to fix. Compared with flexible devices that use airbags for pressurization or complex multi-joint systems of robotic arms for pressurization, this embodiment is more suitable for applications in high-speed centrifugal fields, and has high safety and durability, and is not easily damaged.

Claims

1. A sliding vertical loading device for a shear box of a centrifuge vibrating table, comprising a loading box (1), the loading box (1) comprising a box body (11) and box columns (12), soil (13) being placed inside the box body (11), and four box columns (12) being vertically fixed at the four corners of the box body (11), characterized in that; It also comprises a base (2), a main loading device (3), a loading panel (4) and a control device (5), The base (2) is sleeved and fixed on the box column (12); The main loading device (3) comprises a support (31), a loading motor (32), an extension rod (33), a transmission mechanism (34), a loading bottom plate (35), a connecting plate (36) and a loading rod (37), The support (31) is fixed on the base (2), the loading motor (32) is fixed on the support (31) through a machine shell, two extension rods (33) are respectively arranged on the two sides of the loading motor (32), the output shaft of the loading motor (32) is connected with the two extension rods (33) through the transmission mechanism (34), and the bottom ends of the extension rods (33) pass through the support (31) and the base (2) in sequence; The loading bottom plate (35) is slidably sleeved on the lower parts of the two extension rods (33), and the connecting plate (36) is fixed on the bottom ends of the two extension rods (33); The top end of the loading rod (37) is fixed on the middle part of the bottom surface of the connecting plate (36); The loading panel (4) comprises an upper panel (41), a lower panel (42) and a rolling body (43), the upper panel (41) is a groove body, the groove opening of the upper panel (41) is downward and the bottom plate of the upper panel (41) is fixed on the bottom end of the loading rod (37), the lower panel (42) is rotatably provided with the rolling body (43), the lower panel (42) is arranged in the groove opening of the upper panel (41), the lower panel (42) is attached to the soil body (13), and the upper panel (41) is attached to the rolling surface of the rolling body (43); The control device (5) comprises a pressure sensor (51) and a controller (52), the pressure sensor (51) is arranged on the loading rod (37), the pressure probe of the pressure sensor (51) is connected with the upper panel (41), and the pressure sensor (51) is connected with the controller (52) through a cable.

2. The slidable vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear cell of claim 1 wherein: The outer side surface of the box column (12) is provided with external threads, after the base (2) is sleeved on the box column (12) through the positioning holes, one nut (14) is screwed into each box column (12) to fix the base (2) on the box column (12).

3. The slidable vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear cell of claim 2, wherein: The base (2) comprises two bottom rods (21), the two ends of the bottom rod (21) are provided with ear plates (211), the ear plates (211) are provided with positioning holes (212), the middle part of the bottom rod (21) is provided with a sliding groove (213), each bottom rod (21) is sleeved on one box column (12) through the positioning holes (212) at the two ends, so that the base (2) is sleeved on the box column (12), and the two sides of the support (33) are fixed on the sliding groove (213) of one bottom rod (21) through a bolt-nut assembly (38).

4. The slidable vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear cell of claim 3 wherein: The loading motor (32) is a stepping motor.

5. The slidable vertical loading device for the shear box of the vibration table of the centrifuge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the upper panel (41) is fixed on the bottom end of the loading rod (37) through eight connecting rods (44), wherein the bottom ends of four connecting rods (44) are respectively fixed on the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel (41), and the other four connecting rods (44) are respectively fixed on the middle points of the four side edges of the bottom surface of the upper panel (41); The rolling body (43) is a needle roller or a ball.

6. The slidable vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear cell of claim 5 wherein: The controller (52) is selected from a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable controller or a microcomputer.

7. The method of using a slidable vertical loading device for a centrifuge vibration table shear cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are sequentially implemented: S1. Installation: S1.1 Place the loading panel: connect the pressure probe of the pressure sensor (51) to the upper panel (41), place the soil (13) in the box (11), place the lower panel (42) on the soil (13), and use the notch to cover the lower panel (42) and stick to the rolling body (43) on the lower panel (42), and fix the bottom plate of the upper panel (41) to the bottom end of the loading rod (37); S1.2 Assemble the main loading device: Fix the loading motor (32) to the support (31) through the casing, and set one telescopic rod (33) on each side of the loading motor (32), and connect the output shaft of the loading motor (32) to the two telescopic rods (33) through the transmission mechanism (34); Slip the loading bottom plate (35) onto the lower part of the two telescopic rods (33), and fix the connecting plate (36) to the bottom end of the two telescopic rods (33); Fix the top end of the loading rod (37) to the middle of the bottom surface of the connecting plate (36); Adjust the telescopic length of the telescopic rod (33) so that the space above the soil (13) in the box (11) can accommodate the loading bottom plate (35), the connecting plate (36), the loading rod (37) and the loading panel (4), and the base (2) is sleeved and fixed on the box column (12); S1.4 Fix the main loading device: fix the support (31) to the base (2), so that the bottom end of the telescopic rod (33), the loading bottom plate (35), the connecting plate (36), the loading rod (37) and the loading panel (4) are sequentially arranged in the space above the soil (13) in the box (11); S1.5 Circuit connection and remote control: connect the loading motor (32) to the power supply through the wire, and connect the pressure sensor (51) to the controller (52) through the cable, and the controller (52) is arranged in the main control room; S2. Loading experiment: S2.1 Set parameters: open the controller (52), set the acquisition parameters, the acquisition parameters include loading rate, loading direction and pressure set value, and start the pressure sensor (51) to prepare data collection after skinning balance; S2.2 Vertical pressure: send a loading instruction to the loading motor (32) through the controller (52), the output shaft of the loading motor (32) drives the loading panel (4) to press the soil (13) according to the acquisition parameters through the transmission mechanism (34), the telescopic rod (33), the loading bottom plate (35), the connecting plate (36) and the loading rod (37), so as to apply vertical pressure to the soil (13), and observe the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (51) through the controller (52), when the pressure value reaches the pressure set value, the controller (52) sends a stop instruction to the loading motor (32), and the vertical pressure is completed; S2.3 Vibration experiment: the controller (52) displays the pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (51) after the pressure value is stable, and then the vibration experiment is carried out.

8. The method for using the slidable vertical loading device for the shear box of the vibration table of the centrifuge according to claim 7, characterized in that: At step S1.1, The bottom plate of the upper panel (41) is fixed to the bottom end of the loading rod (37) by eight connecting rods (44), wherein the bottom end of four connecting rods (44) are respectively fixed to the four corners of the bottom plate of the upper panel (41), and the other four connecting rods (44) are respectively fixed to the midpoints of the four side edges of the bottom plate of the upper panel (41); The rolling body (43) is selected from a needle roller or a ball bearing; At step S1.2, the loading motor (32) is selected from a stepper motor; At step S1.3, The outer side of the box column (12) is provided with external threads; The base (2) comprises two bottom rods (21), the two ends of the bottom rod (21) are provided with an ear plate (211), the ear plate (211) is provided with a positioning hole (212), the middle part of the bottom rod (21) is provided with a sliding groove (213), each bottom rod (21) is sleeved on a box column (12) through the positioning holes (212) at both ends, and each box column (12) is screwed into a nut (14), so that the base (2) is fixed on the box column (12); At step S1.4, the two sides of the support (33) are respectively fixed on the sliding groove (213) of one bottom rod (21) through the bolt-nut assembly (38); At step S1.5, the controller (52) is selected from a single-chip microcomputer, a programmable controller or a microcomputer.

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