Ecological effect assessment method for fabricated floating ecological breakwater

Abstract

The invention relates to the related field of ocean engineering and ecological protection, in particular to a method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater, which comprehensively analyzes the long-term effect of the breakwater in the aspects of promoting the restoration of an ocean ecosystem, improving the biodiversity and improving the water quality through systematic monitoring and evaluation steps. The method comprises a short-term monitoring scheme and a long-term monitoring scheme, a comprehensive scoring system is established in combination with expert scoring and quantitative data, and the ecological benefits of the breakwater are objectively evaluated. While the engineering benefits of the breakwater are guaranteed, the marine environment is effectively protected, scientific basis and technical support are provided for ecological restoration engineering, and remarkable environmental and social values are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field related to marine engineering and ecological protection, and in particular to an ecological effect assessment method for an assembled floating ecological breakwater. Background Art

[0002] With the increase of coastal development and construction, traditional hard breakwaters usually have a negative impact on the ecological environment, such as destroying marine habitats and affecting water mobility. In order to mitigate these impacts, the concept of floating ecological breakwaters has gradually attracted attention. This breakwater can not only effectively reduce the impact of waves on the coastline, but also promote the recovery and development of the marine ecosystem through the combination of structural design and biological media. However, the current ecological effect evaluation method for this type of assembled floating ecological breakwater is still imperfect, and there is a lack of systematic and scientific evaluation methods. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to propose a method that can accurately evaluate the ecological effect of assembled floating ecological breakwaters. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological effect evaluation method for an assembled floating ecological breakwater to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1. Biological baseline survey before breakwater site selection and construction: Before the construction of the prefabricated floating ecological breakwater, an ecological baseline survey is conducted to record the hydrological environment, water quality conditions, and the diversity and abundance of benthic organisms, plankton, and fish in the construction area;

[0006] Step 2: Environmental monitoring during construction: During the construction period, water quality, noise and biodiversity in the area will be continuously monitored to ensure that the impact of construction on the ecological environment is minimized. Monitoring content includes: suspended matter concentration, water temperature, and heavy metal content;

[0007] Step 3: Design and evaluation of breakwater structure and ecological media: Based on the functional requirements of the ecological breakwater, evaluate whether its structural design meets the hydrodynamic requirements, and analyze the contribution of the ecological media attached to the breakwater to the improvement of biological attachment and habitat environment;

[0008] Step 4: Short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation: After the breakwater is built, a six-month ecological restoration monitoring will be carried out, focusing on observing the colonization of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and at the same time, evaluating the changes in the water environment through water quality monitoring;

[0009] Step 5: Long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation: Regular ecological effect evaluation will be conducted 1, 3 and 5 years after the installation of the breakwater to evaluate its long-term effect in promoting biodiversity and restoring ecological balance. The evaluation indicators include species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability.

[0010] Step 6. Comprehensive scoring system: Based on the monitoring data of the above steps and combined with the expert scoring method, a comprehensive scoring system is established. The comprehensive scoring system performs weighted scoring based on various ecological indicators, and finally obtains a comprehensive evaluation score for the ecological effect of the breakwater, and puts forward suggestions for the design improvement of the breakwater.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps of the breakwater site selection and pre-construction biological baseline survey in step 1 are as follows:

[0012] Step 11: Preliminary site investigation: Collect historical hydrological and ecological data of the proposed breakwater area, make a preliminary assessment of the ecological sensitivity of the area based on historical data, and determine key investigation areas and ecological factors that require special attention;

[0013] Step 12: Hydrological environment survey: Set up tide gauges to record tidal changes in the area for at least one month to obtain data on the ebb and flow cycle, tidal range, and tidal flow direction; deploy current meters at multiple points to regularly measure water flow velocity and direction in and around the proposed breakwater construction area, focusing on analyzing the impact of hydrodynamics on the ecological effects of the breakwater during construction;

[0014] Step 13: Water quality survey: Select representative sampling points based on regional water flow, tides and human activity distribution. Each sampling point includes at least nearshore, middle and deep water areas. Specifically collect water quality data such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, salinity, nutrient concentration and suspended solids concentration.

[0015] Step 14: Biodiversity survey: Assess the suitability of the benthic organisms in the area by analyzing the bottom type and sediment characteristics; collect plankton samples at different depths and seasons using plankton nets; catch and detect fish in the proposed breakwater area using fishing nets or sonar technology to record the abundance and diversity of different fish populations;

[0016] Step 15, data collation and analysis: The above collected data are processed through statistical analysis software, various biodiversity indexes are calculated, and the correlation analysis between water quality and organisms is carried out; all survey data are integrated to establish an ecological baseline database before construction, including water quality conditions, benthic and planktonic biodiversity, and fish population structure, to provide a reference standard for subsequent ecological effect evaluation;

[0017] Step 16. Report preparation: Write a detailed ecological baseline survey report, including survey methods, data results, analysis and discussion, and conclusions. The report should be accompanied by detailed charts and data tables.

[0018] Preferably, the specific steps of the construction period environmental monitoring in step 2 are as follows:

[0019] Step 21. Development of monitoring plan: Clarify the main objectives of environmental monitoring during the construction period, including water quality maintenance, biodiversity protection, and noise control; set up multiple monitoring points based on the scope of the construction area and water flow characteristics. Each monitoring point should cover different locations in the construction area, including the nearshore area, the core construction area, and the peripheral area;

[0020] Step 22, water quality monitoring: Collect water samples at monitoring points, use the membrane filter method to determine the concentration of suspended particulate matter, record the concentration of suspended matter at each point, and compare and analyze it with the baseline data before construction to evaluate the impact of construction on water transparency and the increase of suspended matter; deploy water temperature sensors in the construction area for 24-hour continuous monitoring; collect water samples regularly and send them to the laboratory for heavy metal content analysis, compare the monitoring results with national and local water quality standards, and evaluate the risk of heavy metal pollution;

[0021] Step 23, Noise Monitoring: Conduct a baseline survey of regional background noise before construction to understand the noise level in its natural state and provide a reference for noise impact assessment during construction; use a portable noise meter to measure noise intensity at the construction site and surrounding areas; analyze noise data, especially noise intensity during peak construction periods, and compare with baseline data and environmental noise standards to assess the impact on the surrounding environment and organisms; set up temporary noise barriers in noise-sensitive areas to reduce the spread of construction noise;

[0022] Step 24, biodiversity monitoring: Based on the results of step 1, plankton samples are collected at different depths using plankton nets to assess the impact of construction activities on plankton diversity and abundance. Fishing equipment is also set up to regularly fish in and around the construction area to record changes in fish species and numbers.

[0023] Step 25. Emergency response mechanism: Establish an environmental early warning system based on real-time monitoring data. When abnormal monitoring data appears, such as a sharp deterioration in water quality, excessive noise, or a significant decline in biodiversity, immediately activate the emergency plan;

[0024] Step 26: Data collation and analysis: Based on the monitoring results, regularly prepare a dynamic environmental assessment report for the construction period, assess the actual impact of construction activities on the ecological environment, and put forward further management suggestions;

[0025] Step 27: Public participation and information disclosure: Regularly disclose monitoring data and assessment reports to the public and relevant departments to ensure the transparency of construction and the effectiveness of environmental management. Listen to the opinions and suggestions of coastal residents, environmental protection organizations and other stakeholders, and adjust the construction plan or monitoring plan when necessary.

[0026] Preferably, the specific steps of the design and evaluation of the breakwater structure and the ecological medium in step 3 are as follows:

[0027] Step 31: Hydrodynamic evaluation of structural design: Use computational fluid dynamics software to establish a numerical model of the breakwater and surrounding waters, conduct hydrodynamic simulations under different working conditions, and evaluate indicators such as the breakwater structure's attenuation effect on wave energy, flow velocity changes, and wave height reduction;

[0028] Step 32, ecological media design evaluation: Use ecological simulation software to establish biological attachment and habitat models based on different ecological media, and verify the actual effects of different ecological media through field or simulation experiments; then deploy artificial reefs in experimental or field environments to observe their attraction to different types of organisms, and record changes in biodiversity around the reefs. After the artificial reefs are deployed, conduct regular biodiversity monitoring to analyze their long-term impact on marine biological communities;

[0029] Step 33. Comprehensive evaluation and optimized design: Comprehensively analyze the hydrodynamic evaluation results and the ecological function test results of the ecological medium, establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, including protection performance, ecological benefits, material durability, construction feasibility, etc., score each design scheme and determine the optimal scheme.

[0030] Preferably, the specific steps of the short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation in step 4 are as follows:

[0031] Step 41. Develop a monitoring plan: Identify the main monitoring objectives, including the colonization rate and species diversity of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and changes in water environment quality; select multiple representative monitoring points in different areas of the breakwater, including the surface of the breakwater, surrounding waters, and bottom areas;

[0032] Step 42, monitoring the colonization of attached organisms: retrieve part of the substrate from each monitoring point every month, bring it back to the laboratory to observe and record the types, abundance and coverage of attached organisms, that is, by comparing the attached organism data at different time points, analyze the speed of species colonization and changes in population structure;

[0033] Step 43, fish habitat monitoring: Use sonar equipment to regularly scan the waters around the breakwater, record the number, type and distribution of fish communities, and observe whether fish use the breakwater as a new habitat and whether new breeding activities occur;

[0034] Step 44, benthic habitat monitoring: Use a grab bucket or core sampler to sample benthic organisms in the bottom area near the breakwater and record the abundance and distribution of different types of benthic organisms;

[0035] Step 45, water quality monitoring: Compare the water quality baseline data before construction with the data during the monitoring period, analyze the trend of the impact of the breakwater on water quality, and study the local impact of the breakwater on the water environment by comparing the water quality data at different monitoring points, such as whether specific pollution areas or improvement areas are formed;

[0036] Step 46: Data collation and analysis: All data during the monitoring period are collated and summarized, and statistical software is used for data analysis, including trend analysis, regression analysis, and diversity index calculation;

[0037] Step 47. Prepare a monitoring report: Write a detailed ecological restoration monitoring report that includes monitoring methods, results analysis, discussion, and conclusions. The report should include detailed data tables, charts, and a distribution map of monitoring points.

[0038] Preferably, the specific steps of long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation in step 5 are as follows:

[0039] Step 51, biological species richness assessment: Conduct a comprehensive biodiversity survey at each assessment time point, i.e., 1, 3, and 5 years, including fish, invertebrates, algae, plankton, and benthic organisms; compare the species richness data at each time point, analyze the long-term impact of the breakwater on different biological communities, and identify the increasing or decreasing trends in species richness;

[0040] Step 52, habitat density assessment: Conduct regular fish and invertebrate habitat density surveys around the breakwater, using sonar detection and fixed-point fishing methods to record the habitat density of different species; compare habitat density data at different time points to identify the long-term impact of the breakwater on habitat use patterns, including habitat preferences and population density distribution;

[0041] Step 53, Ecosystem Stability Assessment: Study the impact of the breakwater on the local ecosystem food web through trophic level analysis of biological samples, and assess its role in maintaining ecosystem stability; assess the response capacity of the breakwater area ecosystem to external disturbances, specifically climate change and pollution events, and analyze its contribution to maintaining ecosystem stability;

[0042] Step 54, data collation and comprehensive analysis: Use the ecosystem health assessment model to comprehensively analyze multiple indicators such as species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability to evaluate the overall ecological effect of the breakwater; evaluate the dynamic changes of ecological indicators through time series analysis, and analyze the differences in ecological benefits of different monitoring points through spatial comparison to determine the area with the best ecological effect of the breakwater;

[0043] Step 55. Prepare an assessment report: Write an assessment report that presents ecological data at each time point, graphically displays the changing trends of biodiversity, habitat density and ecosystem stability, summarizes the long-term ecological effects of the breakwater, and puts forward targeted management recommendations, including further optimizing ecological media and strengthening the protection of specific species.

[0044] Preferably, the specific content of the comprehensive scoring system in step 6 is as follows:

[0045] A. Determination of scoring indicators and weight allocation

[0046] Determine the scoring indicators: According to the monitoring steps 1-5, determine the core ecological indicators in the scoring system, including: biological species richness: reflects the ability of the breakwater to promote biodiversity; habitat density: measures the habitat density of organisms around the breakwater, reflecting its habitat improvement effect; ecosystem stability: evaluates the contribution of the breakwater to the stability of the local ecosystem; water quality changes: evaluates the long-term impact of the breakwater on water quality; biological attachment rate: measures the degree and species diversity of biological attachment on the surface of the breakwater

[0047] Indicator weight allocation: According to the importance of each indicator to the overall ecological effect, the weight allocation is carried out. The specific allocation standards are: biological species richness 30%; habitat density 25%; ecosystem stability 20%; water quality change 15%; biological attachment rate 10%;

[0048] B. Design of scoring method

[0049] Expert scoring method: Invite experts in the fields of ecology, environmental science, water conservancy engineering, etc. to form a scoring team, and each expert will score according to various indicators; formulate clear scoring standards, use statistical tools to test the consistency of expert scoring, and ensure the fairness and scientificity of the scoring;

[0050] Quantification of monitoring data: standardize the data of different time nodes and different indicators and convert them into scores of the same dimension;

[0051] C. Comprehensive score calculation

[0052] Calculation of indicator scores: The expert scores and quantitative monitoring data of each ecological indicator are weighted averaged to obtain the final score of each indicator, specifically, indicator score = (expert score * weight) + (monitoring data score * weight);

[0053] Comprehensive scoring formula: The scores of all indicators are summed up according to the weights to obtain the comprehensive score of the breakwater ecological effect. The formula is as follows: Comprehensive score = ∑ (indicator score × indicator weight); where the indicator score includes the scores of biological species richness, habitat density, and ecosystem stability;

[0054] D. Analysis and application of scoring results

[0055] Results analysis: Based on the score range of the comprehensive score, the ecological effect of the breakwater is interpreted, specifically 80-100 points are "excellent", 60-79 points are "good", 40-59 points are "moderate", and below 40 points are "needs to be improved"; the scores of each indicator are compared to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the breakwater design;

[0056] Design improvement suggestions: Based on the scores of each indicator, specific design improvement suggestions are put forward, and the scoring system is applied to the evaluation at different time points to dynamically adjust the design and management strategies of the breakwater;

[0057] E. Report Preparation and Information Disclosure

[0058] Comprehensive scoring report: Prepare a detailed comprehensive scoring report, including the score, weight, data source and analysis results of each indicator. The analysis report is illustrated with pictures and texts to clearly show the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological effect of the breakwater;

[0059] Information disclosure: The scoring results and reports will be made public and shared with relevant government departments, environmental protection organizations and the public, and opinions from all parties will be heard through discussions and other means.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0061] Through short-term and long-term monitoring steps, the present invention can accurately capture the positive impact of breakwaters on marine ecosystems, such as the increase in biological species richness, the restoration of habitats, and the improvement of water quality. In particular, the density of attached organisms on the surface of the breakwater and fish in the surrounding waters has increased significantly, proving the effectiveness of the breakwater in restoring ecological balance; the present invention constructs a comprehensive scoring system based on multiple ecological indicators, and achieves an objective evaluation of the ecological effect of the breakwater by combining expert scoring with quantitative data. The application of the scoring system not only improves the scientific nature of the evaluation, but also provides a clear direction and basis for the improvement of breakwater design; the long-term monitoring scheme in the present invention (including 1-year, 3-year and 5-year evaluations) ensures the continuous tracking of the ecological effect of the breakwater, helps to discover the long-term trend of ecological changes, and dynamically adjusts the breakwater design and management strategies according to actual conditions to ensure the continuity and stability of its ecological benefits; through the scientific evaluation of the ecological effect, the present invention not only guarantees the engineering benefits of the breakwater, such as the function of wave protection and revetment, but also takes into account the protection and restoration of the marine ecological environment. This dual guarantee can achieve a balance between ecological and engineering benefits in breakwater construction and operation, and provide technical support for the goal of sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0065] Step 1. Biological baseline survey before breakwater site selection and construction: Before the construction of the prefabricated floating ecological breakwater, an ecological baseline survey is conducted to record the hydrological environment, water quality conditions, and the diversity and abundance of benthic organisms, plankton, and fish in the construction area;

[0066] Step 2: Environmental monitoring during construction: During the construction period, water quality, noise and biodiversity in the area will be continuously monitored to ensure that the impact of construction on the ecological environment is minimized. Monitoring content includes: suspended matter concentration, water temperature, and heavy metal content;

[0067] Step 3: Design and evaluation of breakwater structure and ecological media: Based on the functional requirements of the ecological breakwater, evaluate whether its structural design meets the hydrodynamic requirements, and analyze the contribution of the ecological media attached to the breakwater to the improvement of biological attachment and habitat environment;

[0068] Step 4: Short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation: After the breakwater is built, a six-month ecological restoration monitoring will be carried out, focusing on observing the colonization of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and at the same time, evaluating the changes in the water environment through water quality monitoring;

[0069] Step 5: Long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation: Regular ecological effect evaluation will be conducted 1, 3 and 5 years after the installation of the breakwater to evaluate its long-term effect in promoting biodiversity and restoring ecological balance. The evaluation indicators include species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability.

[0070] Step 6. Comprehensive scoring system: Based on the monitoring data of the above steps and combined with the expert scoring method, a comprehensive scoring system is established. The comprehensive scoring system performs weighted scoring based on various ecological indicators, and finally obtains a comprehensive evaluation score for the ecological effect of the breakwater, and puts forward suggestions for the design improvement of the breakwater.

[0071] Furthermore, the specific steps of the breakwater site selection and pre-construction biological baseline survey in step 1 are as follows:

[0072] Step 11: Preliminary site investigation: Collect historical hydrological and ecological data of the proposed breakwater area, make a preliminary assessment of the ecological sensitivity of the area based on historical data, and determine key investigation areas and ecological factors that require special attention;

[0073] Step 12: Hydrological environment survey: Set up tide gauges to record tidal changes in the area for at least one month to obtain data on the ebb and flow cycle, tidal range, and tidal flow direction; deploy current meters at multiple points to regularly measure water flow velocity and direction in and around the proposed breakwater construction area, focusing on analyzing the impact of hydrodynamics on the ecological effects of the breakwater during construction;

[0074] Step 13: Water quality survey: Select representative sampling points based on regional water flow, tides and human activity distribution. Each sampling point includes at least nearshore, middle and deep water areas. Specifically collect water quality data such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, salinity, nutrient concentration and suspended solids concentration.

[0075] Step 14: Biodiversity survey: Assess the suitability of the benthic organisms in the area by analyzing the bottom type and sediment characteristics; collect plankton samples at different depths and seasons using plankton nets; catch and detect fish in the proposed breakwater area using fishing nets or sonar technology to record the abundance and diversity of different fish populations;

[0076] Step 15, data collation and analysis: The above collected data are processed through statistical analysis software, various biodiversity indexes are calculated, and the correlation analysis between water quality and organisms is carried out; all survey data are integrated to establish an ecological baseline database before construction, including water quality conditions, benthic and planktonic biodiversity, and fish population structure, to provide a reference standard for subsequent ecological effect evaluation;

[0077] Step 16. Report preparation: Write a detailed ecological baseline survey report, including survey methods, data results, analysis and discussion, and conclusions. The report should be accompanied by detailed charts and data tables.

[0078] Furthermore, the specific steps of environmental monitoring during the construction period of step 2 are as follows:

[0079] Step 21. Development of monitoring plan: Clarify the main objectives of environmental monitoring during the construction period, including water quality maintenance, biodiversity protection, and noise control; set up multiple monitoring points based on the scope of the construction area and water flow characteristics. Each monitoring point should cover different locations in the construction area, including the nearshore area, the core construction area, and the peripheral area;

[0080] Step 22, water quality monitoring: Collect water samples at monitoring points, use the membrane filter method to determine the concentration of suspended particulate matter, record the concentration of suspended matter at each point, and compare and analyze it with the baseline data before construction to evaluate the impact of construction on water transparency and the increase of suspended matter; deploy water temperature sensors in the construction area for 24-hour continuous monitoring; collect water samples regularly and send them to the laboratory for heavy metal content analysis, compare the monitoring results with national and local water quality standards, and evaluate the risk of heavy metal pollution;

[0081] Step 23, Noise Monitoring: Conduct a baseline survey of regional background noise before construction to understand the noise level in its natural state and provide a reference for noise impact assessment during construction; use a portable noise meter to measure noise intensity at the construction site and surrounding areas; analyze noise data, especially noise intensity during peak construction periods, and compare with baseline data and environmental noise standards to assess the impact on the surrounding environment and organisms; set up temporary noise barriers in noise-sensitive areas to reduce the spread of construction noise;

[0082] Step 24, biodiversity monitoring: Based on the results of step 1, plankton samples are collected at different depths using plankton nets to assess the impact of construction activities on plankton diversity and abundance. Fishing equipment is also set up to regularly fish in and around the construction area to record changes in fish species and numbers.

[0083] Step 25. Emergency response mechanism: Establish an environmental early warning system based on real-time monitoring data. When abnormal monitoring data appears, such as a sharp deterioration in water quality, excessive noise, or a significant decline in biodiversity, immediately activate the emergency plan;

[0084] Step 26: Data collation and analysis: Based on the monitoring results, regularly prepare a dynamic environmental assessment report for the construction period, assess the actual impact of construction activities on the ecological environment, and put forward further management suggestions;

[0085] Step 27: Public participation and information disclosure: Regularly disclose monitoring data and assessment reports to the public and relevant departments to ensure the transparency of construction and the effectiveness of environmental management, and listen to the opinions and suggestions of coastal residents, environmental protection organizations and other stakeholders, and adjust the construction plan or monitoring plan when necessary. Further, the specific steps of the design assessment of the breakwater structure and ecological media in step 3 are as follows:

[0086] Step 31: Hydrodynamic evaluation of structural design: Use computational fluid dynamics software to establish a numerical model of the breakwater and surrounding waters, conduct hydrodynamic simulations under different working conditions, and evaluate indicators such as the breakwater structure's attenuation effect on wave energy, flow velocity changes, and wave height reduction;

[0087] Step 32, ecological media design evaluation: Use ecological simulation software to establish biological attachment and habitat models based on different ecological media, and verify the actual effects of different ecological media through field or simulation experiments; then deploy artificial reefs in experimental or field environments to observe their attraction to different types of organisms, and record changes in biodiversity around the reefs. After the artificial reefs are deployed, conduct regular biodiversity monitoring to analyze their long-term impact on marine biological communities;

[0088] Step 33: Comprehensive evaluation and optimal design: Comprehensively analyze the hydrodynamic evaluation results and the ecological function test results of the ecological medium, establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, including protection performance, ecological benefits, material durability, construction feasibility, etc., score each design scheme, and determine the optimal scheme.

[0089] Furthermore, the specific steps of short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation in step 4 are as follows:

[0090] Step 41. Develop a monitoring plan: Identify the main monitoring objectives, including the colonization rate and species diversity of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and changes in water environment quality; select multiple representative monitoring points in different areas of the breakwater, including the surface of the breakwater, surrounding waters, and bottom areas;

[0091] Step 42, monitoring the colonization of attached organisms: retrieve part of the substrate from each monitoring point every month, bring it back to the laboratory to observe and record the types, abundance and coverage of attached organisms, that is, by comparing the attached organism data at different time points, analyze the speed of species colonization and changes in population structure;

[0092] Step 43, fish habitat monitoring: Use sonar equipment to regularly scan the waters around the breakwater, record the number, type and distribution of fish communities, and observe whether fish use the breakwater as a new habitat and whether new breeding activities occur;

[0093] Step 44, benthic habitat monitoring: Use a grab bucket or core sampler to sample benthic organisms in the bottom area near the breakwater and record the abundance and distribution of different types of benthic organisms;

[0094] Step 45, water quality monitoring: Compare the water quality baseline data before construction with the data during the monitoring period, analyze the trend of the impact of the breakwater on water quality, and study the local impact of the breakwater on the water environment by comparing the water quality data at different monitoring points, such as whether specific pollution areas or improvement areas are formed;

[0095] Step 46: Data collation and analysis: All data during the monitoring period are collated and summarized, and statistical software is used for data analysis, including trend analysis, regression analysis, and diversity index calculation;

[0096] Step 47. Prepare a monitoring report: Prepare a detailed ecological restoration monitoring report, including monitoring methods, results analysis, discussion and conclusions. Attach detailed data tables, charts and monitoring point distribution maps to the report.

[0097] Furthermore, the specific steps for long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation in step 5 are as follows:

[0098] Step 51, biological species richness assessment: Conduct a comprehensive biodiversity survey at each assessment time point, i.e., 1, 3, and 5 years, including fish, invertebrates, algae, plankton, and benthic organisms; compare the species richness data at each time point, analyze the long-term impact of the breakwater on different biological communities, and identify the increasing or decreasing trends in species richness;

[0099] Step 52, habitat density assessment: Conduct regular fish and invertebrate habitat density surveys around the breakwater, using sonar detection and fixed-point fishing methods to record the habitat density of different species; compare habitat density data at different time points to identify the long-term impact of the breakwater on habitat use patterns, including habitat preferences and population density distribution;

[0100] Step 53, Ecosystem Stability Assessment: Study the impact of the breakwater on the local ecosystem food web through trophic level analysis of biological samples, and assess its role in maintaining ecosystem stability; assess the response capacity of the breakwater area ecosystem to external disturbances, specifically climate change and pollution events, and analyze its contribution to maintaining ecosystem stability;

[0101] Step 54, data collation and comprehensive analysis: Use the ecosystem health assessment model to comprehensively analyze multiple indicators such as species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability to evaluate the overall ecological effect of the breakwater; evaluate the dynamic changes of ecological indicators through time series analysis, and analyze the differences in ecological benefits of different monitoring points through spatial comparison to determine the area with the best ecological effect of the breakwater;

[0102] Step 55: Prepare an assessment report: Write an assessment report that presents ecological data at each time point, graphically displays the changing trends of biodiversity, habitat density, and ecosystem stability, summarizes the long-term ecological effects of the breakwater, and puts forward targeted management recommendations, including further optimizing ecological media and strengthening the protection of specific species.

[0103] Furthermore, the specific contents of the comprehensive scoring system in step 6 are as follows:

[0104] A. Determination of scoring indicators and weight allocation

[0105] Determine the scoring indicators: According to the monitoring steps 1-5, determine the core ecological indicators in the scoring system, including: biological species richness: reflects the ability of the breakwater to promote biodiversity; habitat density: measures the habitat density of organisms around the breakwater, reflecting its habitat improvement effect; ecosystem stability: evaluates the contribution of the breakwater to the stability of the local ecosystem; water quality changes: evaluates the long-term impact of the breakwater on water quality; biological attachment rate: measures the degree and species diversity of biological attachment on the surface of the breakwater

[0106] Indicator weight allocation: According to the importance of each indicator to the overall ecological effect, the weight allocation is carried out. The specific allocation standards are: biological species richness 30%; habitat density 25%; ecosystem stability 20%; water quality change 15%; biological attachment rate 10%;

[0107] B. Design of scoring method

[0108] Expert scoring method: Invite experts in the fields of ecology, environmental science, water conservancy engineering, etc. to form a scoring team, and each expert will score according to various indicators; formulate clear scoring standards, use statistical tools to test the consistency of expert scoring, and ensure the fairness and scientificity of the scoring;

[0109] Quantification of monitoring data: standardize the data of different time nodes and different indicators and convert them into scores of the same dimension;

[0110] C. Comprehensive score calculation

[0111] Calculation of indicator scores: The expert scores and quantitative monitoring data of each ecological indicator are weighted averaged to obtain the final score of each indicator, specifically, indicator score = (expert score * weight) + (monitoring data score * weight);

[0112] Comprehensive scoring formula: The scores of all indicators are summed up according to the weights to obtain the comprehensive score of the breakwater ecological effect. The formula is as follows: Comprehensive score = ∑ (indicator score × indicator weight); where the indicator score includes the scores of biological species richness, habitat density, and ecosystem stability;

[0113] D. Analysis and application of scoring results

[0114] Results analysis: Based on the score range of the comprehensive score, the ecological effect of the breakwater is interpreted, specifically 80-100 points are "excellent", 60-79 points are "good", 40-59 points are "moderate", and below 40 points are "needs to be improved"; the scores of each indicator are compared to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the breakwater design;

[0115] Design improvement suggestions: Based on the scores of each indicator, specific design improvement suggestions are put forward, and the scoring system is applied to the evaluation at different time points to dynamically adjust the design and management strategies of the breakwater;

[0116] E. Report Preparation and Information Disclosure

[0117] Comprehensive scoring report: Prepare a detailed comprehensive scoring report, including the score, weight, data source and analysis results of each indicator. The analysis report is illustrated with pictures and texts to clearly show the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological effect of the breakwater;

[0118] Information disclosure: The scoring results and reports will be made public and shared with relevant government departments, environmental protection organizations and the public, and opinions from all parties will be heard through discussions and other means.

[0119] Through short-term and long-term monitoring steps, the present invention can accurately capture the positive impact of breakwaters on marine ecosystems, such as the increase in biological species richness, the restoration of habitats, and the improvement of water quality. In particular, the density of attached organisms on the surface of the breakwater and fish in the surrounding waters has increased significantly, proving the effectiveness of the breakwater in restoring ecological balance; the present invention constructs a comprehensive scoring system based on multiple ecological indicators, and achieves an objective evaluation of the ecological effect of the breakwater by combining expert scoring with quantitative data. The application of the scoring system not only improves the scientific nature of the evaluation, but also provides a clear direction and basis for the improvement of breakwater design; the long-term monitoring scheme in the present invention (including 1-year, 3-year and 5-year evaluations) ensures the continuous tracking of the ecological effect of the breakwater, helps to discover the long-term trend of ecological changes, and dynamically adjusts the breakwater design and management strategies according to actual conditions to ensure the continuity and stability of its ecological benefits; through the scientific evaluation of the ecological effect, the present invention not only guarantees the engineering benefits of the breakwater, such as the function of wave protection and revetment, but also takes into account the protection and restoration of the marine ecological environment. This dual guarantee can achieve a balance between ecological and engineering benefits in breakwater construction and operation, and provide technical support for the goal of sustainable development.

[0120] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1. Biological baseline survey before breakwater site selection and construction: Before the construction of the prefabricated floating ecological breakwater, an ecological baseline survey is conducted to record the hydrological environment, water quality conditions, and the diversity and abundance of benthic organisms, plankton, and fish in the construction area; Step 2: Environmental monitoring during construction: During the construction period, water quality, noise and biodiversity in the area will be continuously monitored to ensure that the impact of construction on the ecological environment is minimized. Monitoring content includes: suspended matter concentration, water temperature, and heavy metal content; Step 3: Design and evaluation of breakwater structure and ecological media: Based on the functional requirements of the ecological breakwater, evaluate whether its structural design meets the hydrodynamic requirements, and analyze the contribution of the ecological media attached to the breakwater to the improvement of biological attachment and habitat environment; Step 4: Short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation: After the breakwater is built, a six-month ecological restoration monitoring will be carried out, focusing on observing the colonization of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and at the same time, evaluating the changes in the water environment through water quality monitoring; Step 5: Long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation: Regular ecological effect evaluation will be conducted 1, 3 and 5 years after the installation of the breakwater to evaluate its long-term effect in promoting biodiversity and restoring ecological balance. The evaluation indicators include species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability. Step 6. Comprehensive scoring system: Based on the monitoring data of the above steps and combined with the expert scoring method, a comprehensive scoring system is established. The comprehensive scoring system performs weighted scoring based on various ecological indicators, and finally obtains a comprehensive evaluation score for the ecological effect of the breakwater, and puts forward suggestions for the design improvement of the breakwater.

2. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the breakwater site selection and pre-construction biological baseline survey in step 1 are as follows: Step 11: Preliminary site investigation: Collect historical hydrological and ecological data of the proposed breakwater area, make a preliminary assessment of the ecological sensitivity of the area based on historical data, and determine key investigation areas and ecological factors that require special attention; Step 12: Hydrological environment survey: Set up tide gauges to record tidal changes in the area for at least one month to obtain data on the ebb and flow cycle, tidal range, and tidal flow direction; deploy current meters at multiple points to regularly measure water flow velocity and direction in and around the proposed breakwater construction area, focusing on analyzing the impact of hydrodynamics on the ecological effects of the breakwater during construction; Step 13: Water quality survey: Select representative sampling points based on regional water flow, tides and human activity distribution. Each sampling point includes at least nearshore, middle and deep water areas. Specifically collect water quality data such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, salinity, nutrient concentration and suspended solids concentration. Step 14: Biodiversity survey: Assess the suitability of the benthic organisms in the area by analyzing the bottom type and sediment characteristics; collect plankton samples at different depths and seasons using plankton nets; catch and detect fish in the proposed breakwater area using fishing nets or sonar technology to record the abundance and diversity of different fish populations; Step 15, data collation and analysis: The above collected data are processed through statistical analysis software, various biodiversity indexes are calculated, and the correlation analysis between water quality and organisms is carried out; all survey data are integrated to establish an ecological baseline database before construction, including water quality conditions, benthic and planktonic biodiversity, and fish population structure, to provide a reference standard for subsequent ecological effect evaluation; Step 16. Report preparation: Write a detailed ecological baseline survey report, including survey methods, data results, analysis and discussion, and conclusions. The report should be accompanied by detailed charts and data tables.

3. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the construction period environmental monitoring in step 2 are as follows: Step 21. Development of monitoring plan: Clarify the main objectives of environmental monitoring during the construction period, including water quality maintenance, biodiversity protection, and noise control; set up multiple monitoring points based on the scope of the construction area and water flow characteristics. Each monitoring point should cover different locations in the construction area, including the nearshore area, the core construction area, and the peripheral area; Step 22, water quality monitoring: Collect water samples at monitoring points, use the membrane filter method to determine the concentration of suspended particulate matter, record the concentration of suspended matter at each point, and compare and analyze it with the baseline data before construction to evaluate the impact of construction on water transparency and the increase of suspended matter; deploy water temperature sensors in the construction area for 24-hour continuous monitoring; collect water samples regularly and send them to the laboratory for heavy metal content analysis, compare the monitoring results with national and local water quality standards, and evaluate the risk of heavy metal pollution; Step 23, Noise Monitoring: Conduct a baseline survey of regional background noise before construction to understand the noise level in its natural state and provide a reference for noise impact assessment during construction; use a portable noise meter to measure noise intensity at the construction site and surrounding areas; analyze noise data, especially noise intensity during peak construction periods, and compare with baseline data and environmental noise standards to assess the impact on the surrounding environment and organisms; set up temporary noise barriers in noise-sensitive areas to reduce the spread of construction noise; Step 24, biodiversity monitoring: Based on the results of step 1, plankton samples are collected at different depths using plankton nets to assess the impact of construction activities on plankton diversity and abundance. Fishing equipment is also set up to regularly fish in and around the construction area to record changes in fish species and numbers. Step 25. Emergency response mechanism: Establish an environmental early warning system based on real-time monitoring data. When abnormal monitoring data appears, such as a sharp deterioration in water quality, excessive noise, or a significant decline in biodiversity, immediately activate the emergency plan; Step 26: Data collation and analysis: Based on the monitoring results, regularly prepare a dynamic environmental assessment report for the construction period, assess the actual impact of construction activities on the ecological environment, and put forward further management suggestions; Step 27: Public participation and information disclosure: Regularly disclose monitoring data and assessment reports to the public and relevant departments to ensure the transparency of construction and the effectiveness of environmental management. Listen to the opinions and suggestions of coastal residents, environmental protection organizations and other stakeholders, and adjust the construction plan or monitoring plan when necessary.

4. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the design and evaluation of the breakwater structure and ecological media in step 3 are as follows: Step 31: Hydrodynamic evaluation of structural design: Use computational fluid dynamics software to establish a numerical model of the breakwater and surrounding waters, conduct hydrodynamic simulations under different working conditions, and evaluate indicators such as the breakwater structure's attenuation effect on wave energy, flow velocity changes, and wave height reduction; Step 32, ecological media design evaluation: Use ecological simulation software to establish biological attachment and habitat models based on different ecological media, and verify the actual effects of different ecological media through field or simulation experiments; then deploy artificial reefs in experimental or field environments to observe their attraction to different types of organisms, and record changes in biodiversity around the reefs. After the artificial reefs are deployed, conduct regular biodiversity monitoring to analyze their long-term impact on marine biological communities; Step 33. Comprehensive evaluation and optimized design: Comprehensively analyze the hydrodynamic evaluation results and the ecological function test results of the ecological medium, establish a comprehensive evaluation index system, including protection performance, ecological benefits, material durability, construction feasibility, etc., score each design scheme and determine the optimal scheme.

5. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of the short-term ecological restoration monitoring after installation in step 4 are as follows: Step 41. Develop a monitoring plan: Identify the main monitoring objectives, including the colonization rate and species diversity of attached organisms, the habitat of fish and benthic organisms, and changes in water environment quality; select multiple representative monitoring points in different areas of the breakwater, including the surface of the breakwater, surrounding waters, and bottom areas; Step 42, monitoring the colonization of attached organisms: retrieve part of the substrate from each monitoring point every month, bring it back to the laboratory to observe and record the types, abundance and coverage of attached organisms, that is, by comparing the attached organism data at different time points, analyze the speed of species colonization and changes in population structure; Step 43, fish habitat monitoring: Use sonar equipment to regularly scan the waters around the breakwater, record the number, type and distribution of fish communities, and observe whether fish use the breakwater as a new habitat and whether new breeding activities occur; Step 44, benthic habitat monitoring: Use a grab bucket or core sampler to sample benthic organisms in the bottom area near the breakwater and record the abundance and distribution of different types of benthic organisms; Step 45, water quality monitoring: Compare the water quality baseline data before construction with the data during the monitoring period, analyze the trend of the impact of the breakwater on water quality, and study the local impact of the breakwater on the water environment by comparing the water quality data at different monitoring points, such as whether specific pollution areas or improvement areas are formed; Step 46: Data collation and analysis: All data during the monitoring period are collated and summarized, and statistical software is used for data analysis, including trend analysis, regression analysis, and diversity index calculation; Step 47. Prepare a monitoring report: Write a detailed ecological restoration monitoring report that includes monitoring methods, results analysis, discussion, and conclusions. The report should include detailed data tables, charts, and a distribution map of monitoring points.

6. The ecological effect evaluation method of a prefabricated floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1 is characterized by: The specific steps of long-term ecological effect tracking and evaluation in step 5 are as follows: Step 51, biological species richness assessment: Conduct a comprehensive biodiversity survey at each assessment time point, i.e., 1, 3, and 5 years, including fish, invertebrates, algae, plankton, and benthic organisms; compare the species richness data at each time point, analyze the long-term impact of the breakwater on different biological communities, and identify the increasing or decreasing trends in species richness; Step 52, habitat density assessment: Conduct regular fish and invertebrate habitat density surveys around the breakwater, using sonar detection and fixed-point fishing methods to record the habitat density of different species; compare habitat density data at different time points to identify the long-term impact of the breakwater on habitat use patterns, including habitat preferences and population density distribution; Step 53, Ecosystem Stability Assessment: Study the impact of the breakwater on the local ecosystem food web through trophic level analysis of biological samples, and assess its role in maintaining ecosystem stability; assess the response capacity of the breakwater area ecosystem to external disturbances, specifically climate change and pollution events, and analyze its contribution to maintaining ecosystem stability; Step 54, data collation and comprehensive analysis: Use the ecosystem health assessment model to comprehensively analyze multiple indicators such as species richness, habitat density and ecosystem stability to evaluate the overall ecological effect of the breakwater; evaluate the dynamic changes of ecological indicators through time series analysis, and analyze the differences in ecological benefits of different monitoring points through spatial comparison to determine the area with the best ecological effect of the breakwater; Step 55. Prepare an assessment report: Write an assessment report that presents ecological data at each time point, graphically displays the changing trends of biodiversity, habitat density and ecosystem stability, summarizes the long-term ecological effects of the breakwater, and puts forward targeted management recommendations, including further optimizing ecological media and strengthening the protection of specific species.

7. The method for evaluating the ecological effect of an assembled floating ecological breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific contents of the comprehensive scoring system of step 6 are as follows: A. Determination of scoring indicators and weight allocation Determine the scoring indicators: According to the monitoring steps 1-5, determine the core ecological indicators in the scoring system, including: biological species richness: reflects the ability of the breakwater to promote biodiversity; habitat density: measures the habitat density of organisms around the breakwater, reflecting its habitat improvement effect; ecosystem stability: evaluates the contribution of the breakwater to the stability of the local ecosystem; water quality changes: evaluates the long-term impact of the breakwater on water quality; biological attachment rate: measures the degree and species diversity of biological attachment on the surface of the breakwater Indicator weight allocation: According to the importance of each indicator to the overall ecological effect, the weight allocation is carried out. The specific allocation standards are: biological species richness 30%; habitat density 25%; ecosystem stability 20%; water quality change 15%; biological attachment rate 10%; B. Design of scoring method Expert scoring method: Invite experts in the fields of ecology, environmental science, water conservancy engineering, etc. to form a scoring team, and each expert will score according to various indicators; formulate clear scoring standards, use statistical tools to test the consistency of expert scoring, and ensure the fairness and scientificity of the scoring; Quantification of monitoring data: standardize the data of different time nodes and different indicators and convert them into scores of the same dimension; C. Comprehensive score calculation Calculation of indicator scores: The expert scores and quantitative monitoring data of each ecological indicator are weighted averaged to obtain the final score of each indicator, specifically, indicator score = (expert score * weight) + (monitoring data score * weight); Comprehensive scoring formula: The scores of all indicators are summed up according to the weights to obtain the comprehensive score of the breakwater ecological effect. The formula is as follows: Comprehensive score = ∑ (indicator score × indicator weight); where the indicator score includes the scores of biological species richness, habitat density, and ecosystem stability; D. Analysis and application of scoring results Results analysis: Based on the score range of the comprehensive score, the ecological effect of the breakwater is interpreted, specifically 80-100 points is "excellent", 60-79 points is "good", 40-59 points is "moderate", and below 40 points is "needs to be improved"; compare the scores of each indicator to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the breakwater design; Design improvement suggestions: Based on the scores of each indicator, specific design improvement suggestions are put forward, and the scoring system is applied to the evaluation at different time points to dynamically adjust the design and management strategies of the breakwater; E. Report Preparation and Information Disclosure Comprehensive scoring report: Prepare a detailed comprehensive scoring report, including the score, weight, data source and analysis results of each indicator. The analysis report is illustrated with pictures and texts to clearly show the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological effect of the breakwater; Information disclosure: The scoring results and reports will be made public and shared with relevant government departments, environmental protection organizations and the public, and opinions from all parties will be heard through discussions and other means.

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