Swing bolster wearing plate assembly welding clamp and assembly welding method thereof
By designing the welding tool for the pillow wear plate, the positioning and bonding of the wear plate is achieved by using the push screw and push cone structure, which solves the problem of long and cumbersome preparation time before welding during the welding process, and improves the welding efficiency and quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411755962.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
In the process of welding inclined wear plates and side wall wear plates on the pillow, the pre-weld preparation time is long, the process is cumbersome, and the efficiency is low.
A pillow wear plate assembly welding clamp is designed, including a base, a movable base, a support arm, a first positioning body and a second positioning body. The center positioning and close fit of the wear plate is achieved through the structure of the push screw and push cone, thereby eliminating cumbersome positioning and measuring gauge inspection.
The one-time positioning and fixing of multiple sets of wear plates is realized, which simplifies the preparation process before welding, improves the quality and stability of welding, and significantly improves production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119525872A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of welding tooling, and particularly relates to a bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture and an assembly welding method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The bolster is one of the key components of the running gear of railway locomotives and vehicles. It has the functions of bearing, buffering and shock absorption as well as maintaining the stability and balance of the vehicle. It is generally located in the center of the bogie and is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped or a block structure with a certain curvature. The main function of the bolster is to support the vehicle body and evenly transfer the weight of the vehicle body to other parts of the bogie (such as spring devices, etc.). The side wall wear plate has position requirements in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The inclined wear plate is required to be in the center of the two side wall wear plates and has position requirements with the spring seat. Therefore, the inclined wear plate and the side wall wear plate are both key components to extend the service life of the bolster: 1. Inclined wear plates are usually located on the inclined surface of the bolster. This inclined surface is generally designed to cooperate with the relative movement and force transmission between the bogie and the car body during the operation of the vehicle. The shape of the wear plate will be adapted according to the specific geometric shape of the bolster inclined surface. It is usually a flat plate with a certain thickness, and its surface is relatively flat and smooth. Some may be rectangular, and some may be cut into irregular shapes according to the specific installation position to fit the contour of the bolster inclined surface; The working principle of the inclined wear plate: When the vehicle is running, the bolster inclined surface will produce relative sliding or friction with other components (such as wedges, etc.). Due to the complex operating conditions of the train, including starting, braking, passing through curves, etc., these actions will cause the bolster inclined surface to bear forces frequently. The inclined wear plate mainly plays the role of reducing friction and wear. It is like a "protective pad". When the bolster inclined surface interacts with adjacent components, the wear plate replaces the bolster body to bear friction, avoiding serious surface wear of the bolster inclined surface due to long-term friction, thereby extending the service life of the bolster.
[0003] 2. The side wall wear plate is installed on the side wall of the bolster. The bolster side wall will come into contact and relative motion with surrounding components (such as side frames, etc.) during vehicle operation. The shape of the wear plate will be designed according to the shape of the bolster side wall and the requirements of the components in contact with it. It is usually a long thin plate, and its length and width are determined according to the size of the bolster side wall and the actual required protection range, and can cover the key friction area of the bolster side wall. Working principle of the side wall wear plate: During the operation of the vehicle, especially under various dynamic movements of the bogie, the bolster side wall will produce friction, collision, etc. with adjacent components. The main function of the side wall wear plate is to prevent the wear of the bolster side wall. For example, when the train passes through a curve, the side frame of the bogie may generate lateral force on the bolster side wall, resulting in friction between the two. The side wall wear plate can effectively transfer the wear caused by this friction to itself, protect the structural integrity of the bolster side wall, and ensure that the normal function of the bolster is not affected.
[0004] The inclined wear plate and the side wall wear plate are usually welded to the bolster in the assembly welding process. Assembly welding is the abbreviation of "assembly welding". It is a process of assembling multiple parts together and then welding them. It is a process method widely used in modern manufacturing, especially in many fields such as machinery manufacturing, building steel structure, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, etc. It plays a key role. The process steps of assembly welding mainly include: preparation (including cleaning of welding surface, preparation of accessories) → assembly (positioning, fixing, position inspection of accessories, etc.) → welding → cleaning (grinding welds, removing welding slag) → inspection. The bolster is a casting, so its dimensional accuracy is not high. The wear plate mounting surface is the casting blank surface, which is only simply polished, resulting in the distance between the mounting base surfaces of the wear plates on both sides of the wall is not a constant value, the two mounting surfaces are not completely parallel, and the distance and angle between the mounting surfaces of the two inclined wear plates are not constant values. During the welding process, the wear plate is manually fitted to the base surface of the casting, and measuring tools and gauges are used to assist in positioning and detection. Although this can meet the installation requirements, the process is cumbersome and complicated, with low efficiency. Most of the time is spent on measurement and detection. The time used for welding the weld generally accounts for 20% to 30% of the entire welding process, and the rest is mostly time occupied by auxiliary work such as preparation, assembly, and inspection. That is, the workload of pre-welding preparation and auxiliary processes after welding often exceeds the workload of welding itself. At present, the welding of the bevel wear plate and the side wall wear plate is entirely manually operated, which is cumbersome and inefficient. Therefore, if you want to improve the welding efficiency, the most effective way is to design and optimize the tooling used for welding, thereby reducing the time of auxiliary processes. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and solve the technical problems of long pre-welding preparation time, complicated process and low efficiency in the assembly welding of the inclined wear plates on the bolster and the side wall wear plates, the present invention provides a bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture and an assembly welding method thereof, which can realize one-time positioning and fixation of multiple groups of inclined wear plates and side wall wear plates, eliminating the complicated processes of positioning measurement, measuring tool inspection, repeated correction of welding position and the like.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture comprises a base, a movable base, a support arm, a first positioning body for positioning the inclined wear plate and a second positioning body for positioning the side wall wear plate, wherein: A lifting ring is arranged on the top surface of the base, the movable base is movably installed under the base, support arms are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the movable base, the support arms include support arm side plates arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides, the support arms on both sides are arranged in an eight-shaped shape, a floating support frame is fixedly installed between the front and rear support arm side plates at the outer end of the support arm, the inclination angle of the floating support frame in the vertical direction is equal to the inclination angle of the tail end of the support arm in the vertical direction, the first positioning body is arranged on the inner side wall of the floating support frame, and the second positioning body is symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side walls of the floating support frame; The base includes a counterweight body, a push rod and a sliding push rod. The center of the counterweight body is provided with a central blind hole, the push rod is detachably inserted in the central blind hole, a fixed cone is provided at the upper end of the push rod, the lower end of the fixed cone is provided with a large end face, and the lower end face of the fixed cone is inwardly recessed to provide a cone surface positioning groove; a sliding cone is movably provided at the lower middle position of the push rod, the upper end of the sliding cone is provided with a small cone, the small cone is detachably inserted in the cone surface positioning groove, the lower end of the sliding cone is provided with a large cone, and the large end of the small cone The end face is fixedly connected with the large end face of the large cone; the lower end of the push rod extends to the outside of the counterweight body and is threadedly connected to the movable base; stepped holes are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the front and rear side walls of the counterweight body, and the sliding push rod is movably installed in the stepped holes. A first spring is arranged between the shaft shoulder of the sliding push rod and the end face of the stepped hole. The inner end face of the sliding push rod is arranged as an inclined surface matching the outer wall of the fixed cone. The outer end of the sliding push rod is threadedly connected with the adjusting nut, and the outer end of the adjusting nut extends to the outside of the counterweight body; The floating support frame includes a fixed support plate, a sleeve, a slider, a push screw and a push cone. The fixed support plate is fixedly connected to the support arm, and the fixed support plate and the opposite surfaces of the first positioning body are floatingly connected through at least four second springs. A guide sleeve is arranged at an eccentric position on the lower surface of the fixed support plate, and is connected to the lower end ball head of the movable pin at an eccentric position on the upper surface of the first positioning body. The upper end of the movable pin is sleeved in the guide sleeve, and an annular gap is arranged between the movable pin and the inner wall of the guide sleeve. The sleeve is arranged between the fixed support plate and the first positioning body and straddles Between the side plates of the supporting arms on both sides, a threaded tube is arranged through the middle of the sleeve and perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeve, the sleeve is connected with the threaded tube, the upper end of the threaded tube passes through the fixed support plate and extends to the outside of the fixed support plate, two sliders are arranged relatively inside the sleeve along the axial direction of the sleeve, the outer ends of the sliders extend to the outside of the sleeve and are fixedly installed with the second positioning body, the axial direction of the slider is perpendicular to the end face of the second positioning body, the second positioning bodies on both sides are connected by a third spring, and the side wall wear plates are respectively clamped at the outer end face positions of the corresponding second positioning bodies; The push screw is installed in the threaded tube, the lower end of the push screw is fixedly connected to the large end surface of the push cone, the push cone extends between the two sliders in the sleeve, the push screw is screwed into the threaded tube and drives the push cone to squeeze the sliders on both sides, the sliders extend outward from the sleeve, and the sliders drive the second positioning body to press the side wall wear plate to the predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding; A first stopper with a groove is arranged around the three side edges of the first positioning body, the three side edges of the inclined wear plate are correspondingly inserted into the grooves of the first stopper, a first conformal elastic rubber pad is arranged between the inclined wear plate and the outer end surface of the first positioning body, and a plurality of magnets are arranged on the first positioning body through the first conformal elastic rubber pad; A second stopper is arranged at the lower edge of the second positioning body, the side wall wear plate is clamped on the second stopper, a second conformal elastic rubber pad is arranged between the side wall wear plate and the outer end surface of the second positioning body, and a plurality of magnets are arranged on the second positioning body through the second conformal elastic rubber pad.
[0007] Furthermore, the angle between the support arm and the base is equal to the inclination angle of the inclined wear plate installed on the bolster.
[0008] Furthermore, the counterweight body includes a first counterweight body and a second counterweight body that are symmetrically arranged, and fixing ears are respectively arranged on the side walls of the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body, and bolts penetrate the fixing ears to fix the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body in connection.
[0009] A method for welding the bolster wear plate welding fixture as described above comprises the following steps: S1. Installation of the inclined surface wear plate and the side wall wear plate: The staff puts the inclined surface wear plate and the side wall wear plate to be welded into the corresponding first positioning body and the second positioning body respectively, and uses force to make them fit with the positioning surface of the positioning body, and adsorbs the wear plate on the positioning body through the magnetic force of the magnet; S2. Positioning of inclined wear plate and side wall wear plate: S2-1, initial state, the first spring in the counterweight body is in a natural state, the first spring pushes the inner end of the sliding push rod into the central blind hole, and the sliding push rod drives the adjusting nut to press the outer wall of the counterweight block; S2-2, the base is connected with the movable base: the crane hoists the counterweight to the top of the mandrel through the lifting ring, aligns the central blind hole of the counterweight with the mandrel and then slowly lowers it. During the descending process of the counterweight, the fixed cone squeezes the sliding push rods on both sides to slide to the outside of the stepped hole, and the first spring is compressed; when the sliding push rod completely moves to between the fixed cone and the sliding cone, the first spring quickly resets after losing pressure, and then drives the sliding push rod to re-extend into the central blind hole and clamp it between the fixed cone and the sliding cone. The base is connected with the movable base, and the assembly welding fixture for installing the wear plate in step S1 is hoisted to the end of the bolster; S2-3, the crane hoisting counterweight continues to descend, the sliding cone squeezes the sliding push rods on both sides to slide to the outside of the stepped hole again, and the first spring is compressed again; when the lower end surface of the counterweight contacts the movable base, the inclined wear plate contacts the surface of the bolster, and the end of the sliding push rod is located below the large end surface of the large cone in the sliding cone, and the crane stops descending; S2-4, the push screw is rotated and screwed into the threaded tube. The push screw pushes the push cone downward to squeeze the sliders on both sides. The sliders extend outward from the casing. The sliders drive the second positioning body to contact the side wall wear plate with the predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding, and the push screw stops rotating; S2-5, the crane continues to slowly lower, and the counterweight moves downward under the action of its own gravity. The counterweight drives the first positioning body through the movable base, the support arm, the fixed support plate and the second spring in sequence to tightly fit the inclined wear plate and the bolster at the predetermined position of the welding assembly; S2-6, rotate the push screw again to continue to screw into the threaded tube, and the push cone further squeezes the sliders on both sides until the side wall wear plate and the bolster are tightly fitted at the predetermined position for welding, and the welding fixture is clamped; S2-7, lifting of the counterweight body after separation: The crane lifts the counterweight body, and the sliding push rod clamps the sliding cone and moves upward with the counterweight body until the upper end of the sliding cone is completely embedded in the fixed cone. Then the crane continues to rise, and the sliding cone squeezes the sliding push rod to move outward of the stepped hole until the sliding push rod is separated from the fixed cone, and the counterweight body is separated from the movable base; S3. Welding of side wall wear plate, inclined wear plate and bolster: Manually adjust the angle of the bolster, and weld the side wall wear plate and the inclined wear plate at the same time. After welding is completed, remove the assembly welding fixture, hang the bolster from the bracket, and replace it with another bolster to wait for assembly welding; S4. Separation of welding fixture and bolster: After welding is completed and the weld has cooled, rotate the push screw in the opposite direction, and the third spring reset movement drives the second positioning levers on both sides to retract inward, so that the welding fixture is separated from the side wall wear plate; then operate the crane to lift the counterweight to the top of the movable base again, repeat steps S2-2~S2-3 to lift the welding fixture, repeat the above steps S1~S3, and carry out the welding of the next group of inclined wear plates and side wall wear plates.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a special welding fixture which meets the requirements of positioning and fixing when welding a bevel wear plate, a side wall wear plate and a rocker. The structure of the welding fixture is ingenious and compact: the base, the movable base and the first conformal elastic rubber pad realize the close fit between the bevel wear plate and the surface of the rocker; the center positioning of the bevel wear plate, the close fit between the side wall wear plate and the surface of the rocker and the fixation of the fixture are realized by the pushing structure composed of the pushing screw and the pushing cone; the close contact between the side wall wear plate, the bevel wear plate and the surface of the casting is realized by the flexible unit arranged at the positioning body.
[0011] In short, the present invention eliminates the process of position measurement and gauge inspection, greatly reduces the number of manual rotations of the bracket, reduces labor intensity accordingly, simplifies the preparation process before welding, improves welding quality and stability, and improves production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle UU surface; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle WW plane; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first positioning body and the inclined wear plate in the assembled state. Figure 5 The fixed support plate and the second spring are omitted; Figure 6 It is a right view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the middle VV plane; Fig. 9 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting process of the base and the movable base of the present invention.
[0013] In the figure, 1 is a base, 1-1 is a counterweight, 1-2 is a push rod, 1-3 is a sliding cone, 1-4 is a sliding push rod, 1-5 is an adjusting nut, 1-6 is a fixed cone, 1-7 is a first spring, and 1-8 is a fixed ear; 2 is a movable base; 3 is a support arm; 4 is a lifting ring; 5 is a floating support frame, 5-1 is a fixed support plate, 5-2 is a sleeve, 5-3 is a slider, 5-4 is a push screw, 5-5 is a push cone, 5-6 is a second spring, 5-7 is a threaded tube, 5-8 is a third spring, 5-9 is a movable pin, and 5-10 is a guide sleeve; 6 is a first positioning body, 6-1 is a first stopper, and 6-2 is a first conformal elastic rubber pad; 7 is a second positioning body, 7-1 is a second stopper, and 7-2 is a second conformal elastic rubber pad; 8 is a magnet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0015] like Figures 1 to 9 The bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture shown in the figure comprises a base 1, a movable base 2, a support arm 3, a first positioning body 6 for positioning the inclined wear plate and a second positioning body 7 for positioning the side wall wear plate, wherein: A lifting ring 4 is arranged on the top surface of the base 1, and the movable base 2 is movably installed under the base 1. Support arms 3 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the movable base 2. The support arms 3 include support arm side plates arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides. The support arms 3 on both sides are arranged in an eight-shaped shape. A floating support frame 5 is fixedly installed between the front and rear support arm side plates at the outer ends of the support arms 3. The inclination angle of the floating support frame 5 in the vertical direction is equal to the inclination angle of the tail end of the support arm 3 in the vertical direction. A first positioning body 6 is arranged on the inner side wall of the floating support frame 5. The first positioning body 6 is formed by following the shape. A bevel wear plate positioning base surface is arranged on the first positioning body 6 to ensure that the bevel wear plate is accurately positioned, and the bevel wear plate is adsorbed by a magnet 8; the second positioning body 7 is symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side walls of the floating support frame 5; The base 1 includes a counterweight body 1-1, a push rod 1-2 and a sliding push rod 1-4. The center of the counterweight body 1-1 is provided with a central blind hole, and the push rod 1-2 is detachably inserted in the central blind hole. A fixed cone 1-6 is provided at the upper end of the push rod 1-2, and the lower end of the fixed cone 1-6 is provided with a large end face, and the lower end face of the fixed cone 1-6 is inwardly recessed to provide a conical surface positioning groove; a sliding cone 1-3 is movably provided at the lower middle position of the push rod 1-2, and the upper end of the sliding cone 1-3 is provided with a small cone, which is detachably inserted in the conical surface positioning groove, and the lower end of the sliding cone 1-3 is provided with a large cone, and the small cone is provided with a small cone. The large end face is fixedly connected with the large end face of the large cone; the lower end of the push rod 1-2 extends to the outside of the counterweight body 1-1 and is threadedly connected with the movable base 2; stepped holes are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the front and rear side walls of the counterweight body 1-1, and the sliding push rod 1-4 is movably installed in the stepped holes. A first spring 1-7 is arranged between the shaft shoulder of the sliding push rod 1-4 and the end face of the stepped hole. The inner end face of the sliding push rod 1-4 is arranged as an inclined surface matching the outer wall of the fixed cone 1-6. The outer end of the sliding push rod 1-4 is threadedly connected with the adjusting nut 1-5, and the outer end of the adjusting nut 1-5 extends to the outside of the counterweight body 1-1; The floating support frame 5 includes a fixed support plate 5-1, a sleeve 5-2, a slider 5-3, a push screw 5-4 and a push cone 5-5. The fixed support plate 5-1 is fixedly connected to the support arm 3, and is floatingly connected to the opposite surfaces of the fixed support plate 5-1 and the first positioning body 6 through at least four second springs 5-6. A guide sleeve 5-10 is arranged at an eccentric position on the lower surface of the fixed support plate 5-1, and is connected to the lower end ball head of the movable pin 5-9 at an eccentric position on the upper surface of the first positioning body 6. The upper end of the movable pin 5-9 is sleeved in the guide sleeve 5-10, and an annular gap is arranged between the movable pin 5-9 and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 5-10; the sleeve 5-2 is arranged between the fixed support plate 5-1 and the first positioning body 6. A threaded tube 5-7 is arranged between the middle part of the sleeve 5-2 and perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeve 5-2. The sleeve 5-2 is connected with the threaded tube 5-7. The upper end of the threaded tube 5-7 passes through the fixed support plate 5-1 and extends to the outside of the fixed support plate 5-1. Two sliders 5-3 are arranged relatively inside the sleeve 5-2 along the axial direction of the sleeve 5-2. The outer ends of the sliders 5-3 extend to the outside of the sleeve 5-2 and are fixedly installed with the second positioning body 7. The axial direction of the sliders 5-3 is perpendicular to the end face of the second positioning body 7. The second positioning bodies on both sides are connected by a third spring 5-8. The side wall wear plates are respectively clamped at the outer end faces of the corresponding second positioning bodies 7. The pushing screw 5-4 is installed in the threaded tube 5-7, the lower end of the pushing screw 5-4 is fixedly connected to the large end surface of the pushing cone 5-5, the pushing cone 5-5 extends between the two sliders 5-3 in the sleeve 5-2, the pushing screw 5-4 is screwed into the threaded tube 5-7 and drives the pushing cone 5-5 to squeeze the sliders 5-3 on both sides, the sliders 5-3 extend outward from the sleeve 5-2, and the sliders 5-3 drive the second positioning body 7 to press the side wall wear plate to the predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding; A first stopper 6-1 with grooves is arranged around the three side edges of the first positioning body 6, and the three side edges of the inclined wear plate are correspondingly inserted into the grooves of the first stopper 6-1. A first conformal elastic rubber pad 6-2 is arranged between the inclined wear plate and the outer end surface of the first positioning body 6, and a plurality of magnets 8 are arranged on the first positioning body through the first conformal elastic rubber pad; A second stopper 7-1 is arranged at the lower edge of the second positioning body 7, a side wall wear plate is clamped on the second stopper 7-1, a second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2 is arranged between the side wall wear plate and the outer end surface of the second positioning body 7, and a plurality of magnets 8 are arranged on the second positioning body 7 and penetrate the second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2.
[0016] Furthermore, the angle between the support arm 3 and the base 1 is equal to the inclination angle of the inclined wear plate installed on the bolster.
[0017] Furthermore, the counterweight body 1-1 includes a first counterweight body and a second counterweight body that are symmetrically arranged, and fixing ears 1-8 are respectively arranged on the side walls of the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body, and bolts penetrate the fixing ears 1-8 to fix the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body in connection.
[0018] like Fig.10 A method for welding the bolster wear plate welding fixture as described above includes the following steps: S1. Installation of the bevel wear plate and the side wall wear plate: The staff puts the bevel wear plate and the side wall wear plate to be welded into the corresponding first positioning body 6 and the second positioning body 7 respectively, and makes them fit with the positioning surface of the positioning body, and adsorbs the wear plate on the positioning body through the magnetic force of the magnet 8; S2. Positioning of inclined wear plate and side wall wear plate: S2-1, initial state, the first spring 1-7 in the counterweight body 1-1 is in a natural state, the first spring 1-7 pushes the inner end of the sliding push rod 1-4 into the central blind hole, and the sliding push rod 1-4 drives the adjusting nut 1-5 to press the outer wall of the counterweight block 1; S2-2, the base 1 is connected with the movable base 2: the crane hoists the counterweight 1-1 to the top of the mandrel 1-2 through the lifting ring 4, aligns the central blind hole of the counterweight 1-1 with the mandrel 1-2 and then slowly lowers it. During the descending process of the counterweight 1-1, the fixed cone 1-6 squeezes the sliding push rods 1-4 on both sides to slide to the outside of the stepped hole, and the first spring 1-7 is compressed; when the sliding push rod 1-4 completely moves to between the fixed cone 1-6 and the sliding cone 1-3, the first spring 1-7 quickly resets after losing pressure, and then drives the sliding push rod 1-4 to re-extend into the central blind hole and clamp it between the fixed cone 1-6 and the sliding cone 1-3, the base 1 is connected with the movable base 2, and the assembly welding fixture for installing the wear plate in step S1 is hoisted to the end of the bolster; S2-3, the crane hoisting counterweight 1-1 continues to descend, the sliding cone 1-3 squeezes the sliding push rods 1-4 on both sides to slide to the outside of the stepped hole again, and the first spring 1-7 is compressed again; when the lower end surface of the counterweight 1-1 contacts the movable base 2, the inclined wear plate contacts the surface of the bolster, and the end of the sliding push rod 1-4 is located below the large end surface of the large cone in the sliding cone 1-3, and the crane stops descending; S2-5, rotate the push screw 5-4 and screw it into the threaded tube 5-7. The push screw 5-4 pushes the push cone 5-5 to move downward, squeezing the sliders 5-3 on both sides. The sliders 5-3 extend outward from the sleeve 5-2. The sliders 5-3 drive the second positioning body 7 to contact the side wall wear plate with the predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding, and stop rotating the push screw 5-4. At this time, it is considered that the assembly welding fixture is at the center position of the bolster end, that is, the center of the inclined wear plate coincides with the center of the bolster end. At this time, since the parallelism of the two side walls of the bolster end cannot be guaranteed, the side wall wear plate is only partially in contact with the bolster surface. S2-6, the crane continues to slowly lower, and the counterweight 1-1 moves downward under the action of its own gravity. The counterweight 1-1 drives the first positioning body 6 through the movable base 2, the support arm 3, the fixed support plate 5-1 and the second spring 5-6 in sequence to tightly fit the inclined wear plate and the bolster at the predetermined position of the welding assembly; S2-7, rotate the push screw 5-4 again and continue to screw into the threaded tube 5-7, and the push cone 5-5 further squeezes the sliders 5-3 on both sides until the side wall wear plate and the rocker are tightly fitted at the predetermined position of the welding, and the welding fixture is clamped; because the second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2 is sandwiched between the second positioning body 7 and the side wall wear plate, the side wall wear plate will squeeze the second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2 after being squeezed by the side wall of the rocker, causing the side wall wear plate to deflect at a small angle until it is completely fitted with the side wall of the rocker; Since there is a certain deviation between the angles and distances of the two side surfaces of the bolster and the inclined wear plate, the inclined wear plate first partially contacts the casting during the process of pressing the assembly surface, and then the first positioning body 6 forces the first conformal elastic rubber pad 6-2 to compress, thereby gradually making the entire inclined wear plate plane fit with the bolster surface, and keeping the inclined wear plate in a certain pressure state (ensuring that the wear plate and the casting fit tightly during spot welding or weld welding). Similarly, since the second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2 is arranged between the second positioning body 7 and the side wall wear plate, the side wall wear plate will squeeze the second conformal elastic rubber pad 7-2 after being squeezed by the side wall of the bolster, and at this time the side wall wear plate will deflect at a small angle until the side wall wear plate and the bolster side wall are completely fitted; S2-8, the counterweight 1-1 is separated and lifted: the crane lifts the counterweight 1-1, and the sliding push rod 1-4 clamps the sliding cone 1-3 and moves upward with the counterweight 1-1 until the upper end of the sliding cone 1-3 is completely embedded in the fixed cone 1-6, and then the crane continues to rise, and the sliding cone 1-3 squeezes the sliding push rod 1-4 to move to the outside of the stepped hole until the sliding push rod 1-4 is separated from the fixed cone, and the counterweight 1-1 is separated from the movable base 2, and the counterweight 1-1 can fall off by itself, which is convenient for subsequent welding operations; S3. Welding of side wall wear plate, inclined wear plate and bolster: Manually adjust the angle of the bolster, and weld the side wall wear plate and the inclined wear plate at the same time. After welding is completed, remove the assembly welding fixture, hang the bolster from the bracket, and replace it with another bolster to wait for assembly welding; S4. Separation of welding fixture and bolster: After the welding is completed and the weld is cooled, the push screw 5-4 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the reset movement of the third spring 5-8 drives the second positioning levers 7 on both sides to retract inward, so that the welding fixture is separated from the side wall wear plate; then the crane is operated again to lift the counterweight body 1-1 to the top of the movable base 2, and steps S2-2~S2-3 are repeated to lift the welding fixture, and the above steps S1~S3 are repeated to carry out the welding of the next group of inclined wear plates and side wall wear plates.
[0019] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture, comprising a base (1), a movable base (2), a support arm (3), a first positioning body (6) for positioning the inclined wear plate and a second positioning body (7) for positioning the side wall wear plate, characterized in that: A lifting ring (4) is arranged on the top surface of the base (1); the movable base (2) is movably mounted below the base (1); support arms (3) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the movable base (2); the support arms (3) include support arm side plates arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides; the support arms (3) on both sides are arranged in an eight-shaped shape; a floating support frame (5) is fixedly mounted between the front and rear support arm side plates at the outer ends of the support arms (3); the inclination angle of the floating support frame (5) in the vertical direction is equal to the inclination angle of the rear end of the support arm (3) in the vertical direction; a first positioning body (6) is arranged on the inner side wall of the floating support frame (5); and a second positioning body (7) is symmetrically arranged on the front and rear side walls of the floating support frame (5); The base (1) comprises a counterweight body (1-1), a push rod (1-2) and a sliding push rod (1-4); a central blind hole is arranged at the center of the counterweight body (1-1); the push rod (1-2) is detachably inserted into the central blind hole; a fixed cone (1-6) is arranged at the upper end of the push rod (1-2); the lower end of the fixed cone (1-6) is arranged as a large end face; the lower end face of the fixed cone (1-6) is inwardly recessed to arrange a cone surface positioning groove; a sliding cone (1-3) is movably arranged at a lower position in the middle of the push rod (1-2); the upper end of the sliding cone (1-3) is arranged as a small cone body; the small cone body is detachably inserted into the cone surface positioning groove; the lower end of the sliding cone (1-3) is arranged as a large cone body; the small cone body is The large end surface of the push rod (1-2) is fixedly connected to the large end surface of the large cone; the lower end of the push rod (1-2) extends to the outside of the counterweight body (1-1) and is threadedly connected to the movable base (2); stepped holes are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the front and rear side walls of the counterweight body (1-1), and the sliding push rod (1-4) is movably installed in the stepped holes. A first spring (1-7) is arranged between the shaft shoulder of the sliding push rod (1-4) and the end surface of the stepped hole. The inner end surface of the sliding push rod (1-4) is arranged as an inclined surface matching the outer wall of the fixed cone (1-6). The outer end of the sliding push rod (1-4) is threadedly connected to the adjusting nut (1-5), and the outer end of the adjusting nut (1-5) extends to the outside of the counterweight body (1-1); The floating support frame (5) comprises a fixed support plate (5-1), a sleeve (5-2), a slider (5-3), a push screw (5-4) and a push cone (5-5); the fixed support plate (5-1) is fixedly connected to the support arm (3); at least four second springs (5-6) are used for floating connection between the fixed support plate (5-1) and the opposing surfaces of the first positioning body (6); a guide sleeve (5-10) is provided at an eccentric position on the lower surface of the fixed support plate (5-1); the guide sleeve (5-10) is connected to the lower end ball head of a movable pin (5-9) at an eccentric position on the upper surface of the first positioning body (6); the upper end of the movable pin (5-9) is sleeved in the guide sleeve (5-10); an annular gap is provided between the movable pin (5-9) and the inner wall of the guide sleeve (5-10); the sleeve (5-2) is provided between the fixed support plate (5-1) and the first positioning body (6) and straddled between the side plates of the support arms on both sides, a threaded tube (5-7) is arranged penetrating the middle part of the sleeve (5-2) and perpendicular to the axial direction of the sleeve (5-2), the sleeve (5-2) is communicated with the threaded tube (5-7), the upper end of the threaded tube (5-7) penetrates the fixed support plate (5-1) and extends to the outside of the fixed support plate (5-1), two sliders (5-3) are arranged opposite to each other inside the sleeve (5-2) along the axial direction of the sleeve (5-2), the outer ends of the sliders (5-3) extend to the outside of the sleeve (5-2) and are fixedly installed with the second positioning body (7), the axial direction of the slider (5-3) is perpendicular to the end face of the second positioning body (7), the second positioning bodies on both sides are connected by a third spring (5-8), and the side wall wear plates are respectively clamped at the outer end face positions of the corresponding second positioning bodies (7); The push screw (5-4) is installed in the threaded tube (5-7), the lower end of the push screw (5-4) is fixedly connected to the large end surface of the push cone (5-5), the push cone (5-5) extends between the two sliders (5-3) in the sleeve (5-2), the push screw (5-4) is screwed into the threaded tube (5-7) and drives the push cone (5-5) to squeeze the sliders (5-3) on both sides, the sliders (5-3) extend outward from the sleeve (5-2), and the sliders (5-3) drive the second positioning body (7) to press the side wall wear plate to a predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding; A first stopper (6-1) with a groove is arranged around the three side edges of the first positioning body (6); the three side edges of the inclined wear plate are correspondingly inserted into the grooves of the first stopper (6-1); a first conformal elastic rubber pad (6-2) is arranged between the inclined wear plate and the outer end surface of the first positioning body (6); and a plurality of magnets (8) are arranged on the first positioning body and penetrate the first conformal elastic rubber pad; A second stopper (7-1) is arranged at the lower edge of the second positioning body (7), a side wall wear plate is clamped on the second stopper (7-1), a second conformal elastic rubber pad (7-2) is arranged between the side wall wear plate and the outer end surface of the second positioning body (7), and a plurality of magnets (8) are arranged on the second positioning body (7) and penetrate the second conformal elastic rubber pad (7-2).
2. The bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the support arm (3) and the base (1) is equal to the inclination angle of the inclined wear plate when it is installed on the bolster.
3. The bolster wear plate assembly welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight body (1-1) comprises a first counterweight body and a second counterweight body which are symmetrically arranged, and fixing ears (1-8) are respectively arranged on the side walls of the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body, and bolts penetrate the fixing ears (1-8) to fix the first counterweight body and the second counterweight body in connection.
4. A method for welding a bolster wear plate welding fixture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Installation of the bevel wear plate and the side wall wear plate: the staff puts the bevel wear plate and the side wall wear plate to be welded into the corresponding first positioning body (6) and the second positioning body (7), respectively, and uses force to make them fit with the positioning surfaces of the positioning bodies, and adsorbs the wear plates onto the positioning bodies through the magnetic force of the magnets (8); S2. Positioning of inclined wear plate and side wall wear plate: S2-1, initial state, the first spring (1-7) in the counterweight body (1-1) is in a natural state, the first spring (1-7) pushes the inner end of the sliding push rod (1-4) to extend into the central blind hole, and the sliding push rod (1-4) drives the adjusting nut (1-5) to press the outer wall of the counterweight block (1); S2-2, the base (1) is connected to the movable base (2): the crane hoists the counterweight (1-1) to the top of the mandrel (1-2) through the lifting ring (4), aligns the central blind hole of the counterweight (1-1) with the mandrel (1-2) and then slowly lowers it. During the descending process of the counterweight (1-1), the fixed cone (1-6) squeezes the sliding push rods (1-4) on both sides to slide toward the outside of the stepped hole, and the first spring (1-7) is compressed; when the sliding push rod (1-4) completely moves to between the fixed cone (1-6) and the sliding cone (1-3), the first spring (1-7) quickly returns to its original position after losing pressure, thereby driving the sliding push rod (1-4) to re-extend into the central blind hole and be clamped between the fixed cone (1-6) and the sliding cone (1-3), the base (1) is connected to the movable base (2), and the assembly welding fixture for installing the wear plate in step S1 is hoisted to the end of the bolster; S2-3, the crane hoisting counterweight (1-1) continues to descend, the sliding cone (1-3) squeezes the sliding push rods (1-4) on both sides to slide toward the outside of the stepped hole again, and the first spring (1-7) is compressed again; when the lower end surface of the counterweight (1-1) contacts the movable base (2), the inclined wear plate contacts the surface of the bolster, and the end of the sliding push rod (1-4) is located below the large end surface of the large cone in the sliding cone (1-3), and the crane stops descending; S2-4, rotating the push screw (5-4) and screwing it into the threaded tube (5-7), the push screw (5-4) pushing the push cone (5-5) to move downward and squeezing the sliders (5-3) on both sides, the sliders (5-3) extending outward from the sleeve (5-2), the sliders (5-3) driving the second positioning body (7) to contact the side wall wear plate with the predetermined position of the bolster assembly welding, and stopping the rotation of the push screw (5-4); S2-5, the crane continues to slowly lower, and the counterweight body (1-1) moves downward under the action of its own gravity. The counterweight body (1-1) drives the first positioning body (6) in sequence through the movable base (2), the support arm (3), the fixed support plate (5-1) and the second spring (5-6) to tightly fit the inclined wear plate and the predetermined position of the bolster assembly weld; S2-6, rotating the push screw (5-4) again and continuing to screw into the threaded tube (5-7), the push cone (5-5) further squeezes the sliders (5-3) on both sides until the side wall wear plate and the bolster are tightly fitted at the predetermined position for welding, and the welding fixture is clamped; S2-7, the counterweight body (1-1) is separated and lifted: the crane lifts the counterweight body (1-1), and the sliding push rod (1-4) clamps the sliding cone (1-3) and moves upward together with the counterweight body (1-1) until the upper end of the sliding cone (1-3) is completely embedded in the fixed cone (1-6), and then the crane continues to rise, and the sliding cone (1-3) squeezes the sliding push rod (1-4) to move toward the outside of the stepped hole until the sliding push rod (1-4) is separated from the fixed cone, and the counterweight body (1-1) is separated from the movable base (2); S3. Welding of side wall wear plate, inclined wear plate and bolster: Manually adjust the angle of the bolster, and weld the side wall wear plate and the inclined wear plate at the same time. After welding is completed, remove the assembly welding fixture, hang the bolster from the bracket, and replace it with another bolster to wait for assembly welding; S4. Separation of welding fixture and bolster: After the welding is completed and the weld is cooled, the push screw (5-4) is rotated in the opposite direction, and the third spring (5-8) is reset to drive the second positioning levers (7) on both sides to retract inward, so that the welding fixture is separated from the side wall wear plate; then the crane is operated again to lift the counterweight body (1-1) to the top of the movable base (2), and steps S2-2 to S2-3 are repeated to lift the welding fixture, and the above steps S1 to S3 are repeated to carry out the welding of the next group of inclined surface wear plates and side wall wear plates.