Efficient composite conversion method for mushroom residue waste

Abstract

An efficient composite conversion method for mushroom residue waste comprises the steps that crop straw materials are prepared, crop straw and mushroom residues are preferentially mixed and prepared, the mushroom residues need to be pretreated before being treated and mixed, lactic acid bacteria are added into the mushroom residues for pretreatment, and therefore harmful microorganisms in the mushroom residues can be better inhibited through the lactic acid bacteria; crop straw materials and livestock and poultry manure are mixed to form fermentation raw materials, the fermentation raw materials need to be subjected to preparation treatment, organic matter degradation treatment needs to be performed after preparation treatment, pseudomonas needs to be added during degradation treatment, and the organic matter degradation treatment needs to be performed after degradation treatment. Therefore, the pseudomonas can be well utilized to effectively adsorb and degrade the heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for converting mushroom residue waste, and in particular to a method for efficiently and compositely converting mushroom residue waste. Background Art

[0002] Organic fertilizer is a carbon-containing material mainly derived from plants or animals, which is applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as its main function. Organic fertilizer can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long fertilizer effect. It can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil, and is the main nutrient for green food production. Vermicompost is a well-decomposed organic fertilizer, and it is also a soil with a granular structure, which has a good promoting effect on crop growth and development. When the vermicompost is further processed, it is necessary to use straw or mushroom residues for earthworms to eat, so that the subsequent vermicompost can be collected. Vermicompost contains fulvic acid, which can be further extracted using vermicompost.

[0003] In the prior art: CN202110049242.X An environmentally friendly soil conditioner with efficient repair function and a preparation method thereof, the present invention discloses an environmentally friendly soil conditioner with efficient repair function and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 10-20 parts of pond mud, cow dung, burnt soil, 20-25 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 8-12 parts of fruit peel, 9-14 parts of mushroom residue, 3-5 parts of oyster shell, 10-14 parts of perlite, 20-25 parts of peach leaves, 10-20 parts of stalks, 10-25 parts of stalks, 10-20 ... -9 parts, Xanthium sibiricum fruit 2-6 parts, chitosan 13-16 parts, sulfonated lignin 10-13 parts, compost 30-45 parts, biogas residue 20-25 parts, potassium humate 12-16 parts and Artemisia selengensis extract 5-8 parts, Artemisia selengensis extract has insecticidal function, can cause insects to refuse feeding and delay molting, and has significant inhibitory activity on plant pathogenic fungi and pests; peach leaves are used to prevent and control underground pests such as white grubs and mole crickets; the soil conditioner prepared by the present invention also has the function of improving soil quality and soil structure.

[0004] Although the existing technology can enhance the role of soil nutrients and repair the soil quality, the preparation method of the present invention is simple to operate, but it cannot utilize the waste mushroom residue and straw to cooperate with each other to make earthworms produce earthworm castings, and earthworm castings can be used to extract fulvic acid well. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for efficiently and compositely converting mushroom residue waste.

[0006] The present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a highly efficient composite conversion method of mushroom residue waste, preparation of crop straw material, preferential mixing of crop straw and mushroom residue, mushroom residue pretreatment before processing and mixing, adding lactic acid bacteria to the mushroom residue for pretreatment, so that lactic acid bacteria can be used to better inhibit harmful microorganisms in the mushroom residue, and it is convenient to mix the mushroom residue and the crop straw to form the crop straw material, the crop straw material needs to be crushed by a crushing structure, the crushed crop straw material needs to be pretreated, and during the pretreatment, the crushed crop straw material needs to be dried, and during the drying process, the crushed crop straw material needs to be dried by a drying device, and the drying time is maintained at 0.5-0.8 hours, so that the crushed crop straw material can be dried into crop straw material with a little moisture;

[0007] The dried crop straw material is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment, the crop straw material is placed in a pre-treatment tank, and sodium hydroxide is dripped into the pre-treatment tank. The weight of the dripped sodium hydroxide is 0.5 times the weight of the crop straw material. The dripped sodium hydroxide can react with the crop straw material, so that the fibers in the crop straw material expand and become softer.

[0008] The pretreated crop straw material is softened, and during the further softening process, an enzyme preparation is added to the crop straw material, wherein the enzyme preparation is cellulase or xylanase, and the crop straw material can be further softened by using the cellulase and xylanase, and the softening time is controlled to be 0.5-1 hour;

[0009] The softened crop straw material is mixed with livestock and poultry manure. The livestock and poultry manure can be a mixture of cow dung and chicken dung, and the ratio of cow dung to chicken dung is 1:0.8, so that the relatively rough cow dung and chicken dung can be further fused, so that the adhesion of the fused livestock and poultry manure can be increased, which is convenient for the subsequent addition of earthworms for further fermentation preparation;

[0010] Crop straw and livestock manure are mixed to form fermentation raw materials. These fermentation raw materials need to be prepared and treated. After the preparation, organic matter needs to be degraded. During the degradation, Pseudomonas needs to be added. The amount of Pseudomonas added is half of the fermentation raw materials. In this way, Pseudomonas can be well utilized to effectively adsorb and degrade heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials. The heavy metal content in the fermentation raw materials after degradation is effectively controlled, reducing the heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials.

[0011] Put the fermentation raw materials after heavy metals are removed into the reaction equipment, put a certain proportion of earthworms into the reaction equipment, and use the earthworms and the fermentation raw materials for mixed culture. When the earthworms are cultured, auxiliary feed needs to be added. The auxiliary feed is the leaf raw materials that have been mixed and crushed. These leaf raw materials are added to allow the earthworms to eat the fermentation raw materials and leaf raw materials better, and then discharge a large amount of excrement;

[0012] A temperature detection device is added to the reaction equipment. The temperature inside the fermentation raw material can be well detected by the temperature detection device. The temperature is maintained at 15-25 degrees Celsius. Then the fermentation raw material needs to be sprayed regularly to maintain the humidity of the fermentation raw material. The humidity is controlled at 60%-80%. When the fermentation raw material is picked up by hand, it will not drip.

[0013] The earthworms and fermentation raw materials react for a long time in the reaction equipment. The earthworms can be used to react the fermentation raw materials well. The earthworms eat in the fermentation raw materials, and the fermentation raw materials need to be lifted up to loosen the soil. When loosening the soil, a loosening rake is used to loosen the soil. Generally, the loosening cycle is once every 2-3 weeks. After the fermentation raw materials are processed by the earthworms eating, the earthworms will produce a large amount of earthworm feces, which need to be collected in time. When collecting the earthworm feces, an irradiation lamp can be used for irradiation. Earthworms have photophobia, so the earthworms can be driven to the bottom of the fermentation raw materials, so that the earthworm feces on the upper layer of the fermentation raw materials can be collected.

[0014] The collected earthworm manure needs to be further dried. During the drying operation, the earthworm manure is placed in a drying device for drying, and then the moisture in the earthworm manure is reduced to 10%-15%. Then the earthworm manure is stirred and dissolved. The earthworm manure is placed in a stirring device for stirring. Distilled water is added during stirring, and the water temperature is controlled at 50-65 degrees Celsius, so that the earthworm manure can be further stirred and dissolved. Then an alkaline solution is added, and the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Adding the alkaline solution can help dissolve humic acid.

[0015] The earthworm manure is further stirred and dissolved to form earthworm manure liquid. The earthworm manure liquid is filtered by a filtering device. Large particles can be filtered out during the filtering. The earthworm manure liquid treated by the filtering device is acidified and precipitated. Sulfuric acid is added to the earthworm manure liquid. The sulfuric acid accounts for one fifth of the earthworm manure liquid. In this way, sulfuric acid can be used to precipitate the earthworm manure liquid, especially humic acid precipitation. The earthworm manure liquid filtered out of the humic acid precipitation will contain fulvic acid.

[0016] The earthworm manure liquid is subjected to extraction treatment. During the extraction treatment, an evaporator is used to evaporate the earthworm manure liquid. During the evaporation process, water is evaporated cleanly, and fulvic acid gradually forms granular fulvic acid. The granular fulvic acid needs to be subsequently ground, and the ground fulvic acid shell is finely filtered. During the fine filtration, a filtering device is used for fine filtration.

[0017] The fulvic acid particles are finely filtered and processed to form fulvic acid powder, which is then placed in a storage device for storage. A moisture-proof aluminum foil is provided on the inner wall of the storage device, and a moisture-absorbing bag is added to the fulvic acid powder to absorb moisture from the fulvic acid powder and keep it dry.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes crop straw and mushroom residue for priority mixing preparation, and the mushroom residue needs to be pre-treated before processing and mixing, and lactic acid bacteria are added to the mushroom residue for pre-treatment, so that the lactic acid bacteria can be used to better inhibit harmful microorganisms in the mushroom residue, and the harmful substances in the mushroom residue can be well controlled by lactic acid bacteria, meeting the need for mixing the straw and the mushroom residue.

[0019] In order to mix mushroom residue and crop straw to form crop straw material, the crop straw material needs to be crushed by a crushing structure, and the crushed crop straw material needs to be pretreated. During the pretreatment, sodium hydroxide is dripped into the crop straw material, and the dripped sodium hydroxide can react with the crop straw material to make the fibers in the crop straw material expand and become softer, which is convenient for subsequent processing of the crop straw material.

[0020] When crop straw and livestock and poultry manure are mixed to form fermentation raw materials, these fermentation raw materials need to be prepared and then subjected to organic matter degradation. During the degradation process, Pseudomonas needs to be added, so that Pseudomonas can be used to effectively adsorb and degrade heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials.

[0021] Finally, fulvic acid can be recovered from the earthworm manure liquid. Sulfuric acid can be added to the earthworm manure liquid to precipitate the earthworm manure liquid, especially humic acid precipitation. The earthworm manure liquid filtered out of the humic acid precipitate will contain fulvic acid, which can facilitate the further subsequent drying and recovery of fulvic acid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation modes.

[0023] A highly efficient composite conversion method for mushroom residue waste includes the preparation of crop straw materials, the crop straw and mushroom residue are preferentially mixed and prepared, the mushroom residue needs to be pre-treated before being processed and mixed, and lactic acid bacteria are added to the mushroom residue for pre-treatment, so that the lactic acid bacteria can better inhibit harmful microorganisms in the mushroom residue, and it is convenient to mix the mushroom residue and the crop straw to form the crop straw material, the crop straw material needs to be crushed by a crushing structure, the crushed crop straw material needs to be pre-treated, and during the pre-treatment, the crushed crop straw material needs to be dried, and during the drying process, the crushed crop straw material needs to be dried by a drying device, and the drying time is maintained at 0.5-0.8 hours, and 0.6 hours is the best, so that moisture can be kept in the crop straw material, and the crushed crop straw material can be dried into a crop straw material with a little moisture;

[0024] The dried crop straw material is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment, the crop straw material is placed in a pre-treatment tank, and sodium hydroxide is dripped into the pre-treatment tank. The weight of the dripped sodium hydroxide is 0.5 times the weight of the crop straw material. The dripped sodium hydroxide can react with the crop straw material, so that the fibers in the crop straw material expand and become softer.

[0025] The pretreated crop straw material is softened, and during the further softening process, an enzyme preparation is added to the crop straw material, wherein the enzyme preparation is cellulase or xylanase, and the crop straw material can be further softened by using the cellulase and xylanase, and the softening time is controlled to be 0.5-1 hour;

[0026] The softened crop straw material is mixed with livestock and poultry manure. The livestock and poultry manure can be a mixture of cow dung and chicken dung, and the ratio of cow dung to chicken dung is 1:0.8. This allows the relatively rough cow dung and chicken dung to be further integrated, so that the adhesion of the integrated livestock and poultry manure can be increased. In order to make the integration of cow dung and chicken dung better, clay, sawdust and animal glue can be added to the cow dung and chicken dung. The animal glue can be bone glue. The use of bone glue can further improve the adhesion of cow dung and chicken dung, which is convenient for the subsequent addition of earthworms for further fermentation preparation;

[0027] Crop straw and livestock manure are mixed to form fermentation raw materials. These fermentation raw materials need to be prepared and treated. After the preparation, organic matter needs to be degraded. During the degradation, Pseudomonas needs to be added. The amount of Pseudomonas added is half of the fermentation raw materials. In this way, Pseudomonas can be well utilized to effectively adsorb and degrade heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials. The heavy metal content in the fermentation raw materials after degradation is effectively controlled, reducing the heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials.

[0028] Put the fermentation raw materials after heavy metals are removed into the reaction equipment, put a certain proportion of earthworms into the reaction equipment, and use the earthworms and the fermentation raw materials for mixed culture. When the earthworms are cultured, auxiliary feed needs to be added. The auxiliary feed is the leaf raw materials that have been mixed and crushed. These leaf raw materials are added to allow the earthworms to eat the fermentation raw materials and leaf raw materials better, and then discharge a large amount of excrement;

[0029] A temperature detection device is added to the reaction equipment. The temperature inside the fermentation raw material can be well detected by the temperature detection device. The temperature is maintained at 15-25 degrees Celsius. Then the fermentation raw material needs to be sprayed regularly to maintain the humidity of the fermentation raw material. The humidity is controlled at 60%-80%. When the fermentation raw material is picked up by hand, it will not drip.

[0030] The earthworms and fermentation raw materials react for a long time in the reaction equipment. The earthworms can be used to react the fermentation raw materials well. The earthworms eat in the fermentation raw materials, and the fermentation raw materials need to be lifted up to loosen the soil. When loosening the soil, a loosening rake is used to loosen the soil. When loosening the soil, some loosening materials can be added. These loosening materials can be rice husks or peanut shell powder. This allows breathing gaps to be reserved between the fermentation raw materials. Generally, the loosening cycle is once every 2-3 weeks.

[0031] The fermentation raw materials are processed by earthworms, which will produce a large amount of earthworm feces. These earthworm feces need to be collected in time. When collecting the earthworm feces, they can be irradiated with irradiation lamps. Earthworms are photophobic, so the earthworms can be driven to the bottom of the fermentation raw materials, so that the earthworm feces on the upper layer of the fermentation raw materials can be collected.

[0032] The collected earthworm manure needs to be further dried. During the drying operation, the earthworm manure is placed in a drying device for drying, and then the moisture in the earthworm manure is reduced to 10%-15%. Then the earthworm manure is stirred and dissolved. The earthworm manure is placed in a stirring device for stirring. Distilled water is added during stirring, and the water temperature is controlled at 50-65 degrees Celsius, so that the earthworm manure can be further stirred and dissolved. Then an alkaline solution is added, and the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Adding the alkaline solution can help dissolve humic acid.

[0033] The earthworm manure is further stirred and dissolved to form earthworm manure liquid. The earthworm manure liquid is filtered by a filtering device. Large particles can be filtered out during the filtering. The earthworm manure liquid treated by the filtering device is acidified and precipitated. Sulfuric acid is added to the earthworm manure liquid. The sulfuric acid accounts for one fifth of the earthworm manure liquid. In this way, sulfuric acid can be used to precipitate the earthworm manure liquid, especially humic acid precipitation. The earthworm manure liquid filtered out of the humic acid precipitation will contain fulvic acid.

[0034] The earthworm manure liquid is subjected to extraction treatment. During the extraction treatment, an evaporator is used to evaporate the earthworm manure liquid. During the evaporation process, water is evaporated cleanly, and fulvic acid gradually forms granular fulvic acid. The granular fulvic acid needs to be subsequently ground, and the ground fulvic acid shell is finely filtered. During the fine filtration, a filtering device is used for fine filtration.

[0035] The fulvic acid particles are finely filtered and processed to form fulvic acid powder, which is then placed in a storage device for storage. A moisture-proof aluminum foil is provided on the inner wall of the storage device, and a moisture-absorbing bag is added to the fulvic acid powder to absorb moisture from the fulvic acid powder and keep it dry.

Claims

1. A highly efficient composite conversion method for mushroom residue waste, characterized in that: Preparation of crop straw materials, crop straw and mushroom residue are mixed and prepared first, mushroom residue needs to be pre-treated before processing and mixing, lactic acid bacteria are added to the mushroom residue for pre-treatment, so that lactic acid bacteria can better inhibit harmful microorganisms in the mushroom residue, so as to facilitate the mixing of mushroom residue and crop straw to form crop straw materials, the crop straw materials need to be crushed by a crushing structure, and the crushed crop straw materials need to be pre-treated. During the pre-treatment, the crushed crop straw materials need to be dried. During the drying process, the crushed crop straw materials need to be dried by drying equipment, and the drying time is maintained at 0.5-0.8 hours, so that the crushed crop straw materials can be dried into crop straw materials with a little moisture; The dried crop straw material is pre-treated. During the pre-treatment, the crop straw material is placed in a pre-treatment tank, and sodium hydroxide is dripped into the pre-treatment tank. The weight of the dripped sodium hydroxide is 0.5 times the weight of the crop straw material. The dripped sodium hydroxide can react with the crop straw material, so that the fibers in the crop straw material expand and become softer. The pretreated crop straw material is softened, and during the further softening process, an enzyme preparation is added to the crop straw material, wherein the enzyme preparation is cellulase or xylanase, and the crop straw material can be further softened by using the cellulase and xylanase, and the softening time is controlled to be 0.5-1 hour; The softened crop straw material is mixed with livestock and poultry manure. The livestock and poultry manure can be a mixture of cow dung and chicken dung, and the ratio of cow dung to chicken dung is 1:0.8, so that the relatively rough cow dung and chicken dung can be further fused, so that the adhesion of the fused livestock and poultry manure can be increased, which is convenient for the subsequent addition of earthworms for further fermentation preparation; Crop straw and livestock manure are mixed to form fermentation raw materials. These fermentation raw materials need to be prepared and treated. After the preparation, organic matter needs to be degraded. During the degradation, Pseudomonas needs to be added. The amount of Pseudomonas added is half of the fermentation raw materials. In this way, Pseudomonas can be well utilized to effectively adsorb and degrade heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials. The heavy metal content in the fermentation raw materials after degradation is effectively controlled, reducing the heavy metals in the fermentation raw materials. Put the fermentation raw materials after heavy metals are removed into the reaction equipment, put a certain proportion of earthworms into the reaction equipment, and use the earthworms and the fermentation raw materials for mixed culture. When the earthworms are cultured, auxiliary feed needs to be added. The auxiliary feed is the leaf raw materials that have been mixed and crushed. These leaf raw materials are added to allow the earthworms to eat the fermentation raw materials and leaf raw materials better, and then discharge a large amount of excrement; A temperature detection device is added to the reaction equipment. The temperature inside the fermentation raw materials can be well detected by the temperature detection device. The temperature is maintained at 15-25 degrees Celsius. Then the fermentation raw materials need to be sprayed regularly to maintain the humidity of the fermentation raw materials. The humidity is controlled at 60%-80%, and the fermentation raw materials will not drip when picked up by hand.

2. The method for efficiently converting mushroom residue waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworms and fermentation raw materials react for a long time in the reaction equipment. The earthworms can be used to react the fermentation raw materials well. The earthworms eat in the fermentation raw materials, and the fermentation raw materials need to be lifted up to loosen the soil. When loosening the soil, a loosening rake is used. Generally, the loosening cycle is once every 2-3 weeks.

3. The method for efficiently converting mushroom residue waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation raw materials are processed by earthworms, which will produce a large amount of earthworm feces. These earthworm feces need to be collected in time. When collecting the earthworm feces, they can be irradiated with irradiation lamps. Earthworms are photophobic, so the earthworms can be driven to the bottom of the fermentation raw materials, so that the earthworm feces on the upper layer of the fermentation raw materials can be collected.

4. The method for efficiently converting mushroom residue waste according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The collected earthworm manure needs to be further dried. During the drying operation, the earthworm manure is placed in a drying device for drying, and then the moisture in the earthworm manure is reduced to 10%-15%. Then the earthworm manure is stirred and dissolved. The earthworm manure is placed in a stirring device for stirring. Distilled water is added during stirring, and the water temperature is controlled at 50-65 degrees Celsius, so that the earthworm manure can be further stirred and dissolved. Then an alkaline solution is added, and the alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Adding the alkaline solution can help dissolve humic acid.

5. The method for high-efficiency composite conversion of mushroom residue waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The earthworm manure is further stirred and dissolved to form earthworm manure liquid. The earthworm manure liquid is filtered by a filtering device. Large particles can be filtered out during the filtering. The earthworm manure liquid treated by the filtering device is acidified and precipitated. Sulfuric acid is added to the earthworm manure liquid. The sulfuric acid accounts for one fifth of the earthworm manure liquid. In this way, sulfuric acid can be used to precipitate the earthworm manure liquid, especially humic acid precipitation. The earthworm manure liquid filtered out of the humic acid precipitation will contain fulvic acid.

6. The method for high-efficiency composite conversion of mushroom residue waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm manure liquid is subjected to extraction treatment. During the extraction treatment, an evaporator is used to evaporate the earthworm manure liquid. During the evaporation process, water is evaporated cleanly, and fulvic acid gradually forms granular fulvic acid. The granular fulvic acid needs to be subsequently ground, and the ground fulvic acid shell is finely filtered. During the fine filtration, a filtering device is used for fine filtration.

7. The method for high-efficiency composite conversion of mushroom residue waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fulvic acid particles are finely filtered and processed to form fulvic acid powder, which is then placed in a storage device for storage. A moisture-proof aluminum foil is provided on the inner wall of the storage device, and a moisture-absorbing bag is added to the fulvic acid powder to absorb moisture from the fulvic acid powder and keep it dry.