Horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation. The method comprises the steps that segmented clustering of a horizontal well is conducted according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics; the number of perforations of each cluster is determined under the first flow limiting pressure based on segmented clustering; performing a fracturing test under first pressure by adopting a preset-angle directional first-aperture linear perforation, and adjusting the displacement according to the hole friction resistance and the number of opened holes; the displacement of the prepad fluid stage is monitored, sand is added to the horizontal well for the first time, temporary plugging fracturing is conducted on the well section, and when the displacement of the prepad fluid stage is reduced to the preset displacement, a knot temporary plugging agent is put in; and the temporary plugging effect is judged according to the prepad fluid stage and the pressure change after sand adding, if the temporary plugging effect is invalid, the temporary plugging agent is input again or sand is added for the second time according to the temporary plugging working condition, and the temporary plugging effect is judged again. According to the method, the crack opening rate is increased, energy-gathered transformation is achieved, cost is reduced, crack-controlled reserves are increased, and block benefit development is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, and in particular to a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device. Background Art

[0002] This section is intended to provide a background or context for embodiments of the present invention. No description herein is admitted to be prior art by virtue of its inclusion in this section.

[0003] In recent years, with the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas, the horizontal well volume fracturing technology has been continuously updated and iterated, and the continuous pursuit of cost reduction has gradually formed a large-segment multi-cluster temporary plugging and flow limiting fracturing technology. These technologies mostly use 60° phase angle spiral perforation during perforation, with low flow limiting pressure, generally 3-5MPa, 32-48 holes, and 12-14m 3 / min. This technology has the following main defects: 1. When using spiral perforating at a 60° phase angle, there will be high, medium and low side holes. The low side holes have a high opening rate, a large erosion area, and a large amount of sand entering, resulting in uneven opening of the holes and uneven sand addition. 2. When using spiral perforating at a 60° position angle, the temporary plugging efficiency is not high. Because the positions of the high, medium and low side holes are different, the erosion areas of the holes are different, resulting in the temporary plugging agent in some holes having a weak plugging ability. It is easy to break through the temporary plugging agent during fracturing, resulting in temporary plugging failure and uneven seam formation. 3. The flow limiting pressure is low, the hole opening rate is not high, and concentrated energy fracturing cannot be achieved.

[0004] In the prior art, close-cut multi-cluster perforation fracturing is also used. From the construction method, the close-cut multi-cluster construction mode has certain transformation blind spots. Due to the certain heterogeneity between the perforation clusters and the perforation positions, the transformation uniformity between the perforation clusters in the section or between the perforation holes in the cluster is different, and there are even untransformed clusters or clusters that have not been completely transformed in all directions. In order to improve the uniformity of reservoir transformation, the method of injecting temporary plugging materials is used to plug the fractured holes during the fracturing process, prompting the fluid to turn to the unpressurized perforation clusters or holes, thereby achieving uniform transformation of multiple clusters in the section. This method has the following defects: 1. In terms of temporary plugging, on-site construction often pays attention to what kind of temporary plugging agent (such as temporary plugging balls, knot temporary plugging agents, temporary plugging particles, etc.) is used, and the research direction is also to study the temporary plugging agent materials. The site pays more attention to the pressure of the instantaneous pressure increase after the temporary plugging agent is put in place, but ignores how to judge the sustainability of the temporary plugging agent during the entire construction process. 2. Once the on-site construction begins, it cannot be stopped. There is a lack of a set of immediate judgment methods for the continuous effectiveness of temporary plugging agents on site, and it is often impossible to remedy the situation after the pressure is applied.

[0005] Due to the heterogeneity of the formation, multiple clusters cause uneven fracture initiation and poor temporary plugging effect, resulting in some fractures opening slightly, making it difficult for proppant to enter later; at the same time, some fractures are fully opened, forming super fractures, and uniform fracture initiation is not achieved. According to statistics, the opening rate of low-side holes is 96%, the middle-side holes is 80%, and the opening degree of high-side holes is only 73%. The average diameter of low-side holes is 1.3 times that of high-side holes, and the average erosion area is 1.7 times that of high-side holes. The uneven erosion area shows that the fracture support is uneven, making it difficult to achieve the purpose of fracture control reserves. After the horizontal well is put into production, the production decreases rapidly, the EUR does not meet the standard, and the goal of efficient mining is not achieved.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can overcome the above-mentioned defects, improve the temporary plugging and fracturing treatment method, increase the fracture opening rate, reduce costs, and achieve fracture-controlled reserves. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device.

[0008] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method is proposed, comprising:

[0009] Segment and cluster the horizontal wells according to reservoir and rock characteristics;

[0010] Determining the number of perforations in each cluster at a first flow-limiting pressure based on segmented clustering;

[0011] A fracturing test of a first pressure is performed by using a preset angle directional first aperture linear perforation, and the displacement is adjusted according to the hole friction and the number of open holes;

[0012] Monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement;

[0013] The temporary plugging effect is judged according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand. If the temporary plugging effect is ineffective, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added a second time according to the temporary plugging conditions, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

[0014] In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing device is proposed, comprising:

[0015] Well analysis module, used to segment and cluster horizontal wells according to reservoir and rock characteristics;

[0016] A perforation calculation module, used for determining the number of perforations per cluster at a first flow-limiting pressure based on segmentation and clustering;

[0017] A test module, used for conducting a fracturing test at a first pressure by using a preset angle and directional linear perforation of a first aperture, and adjusting the displacement according to the friction resistance of the aperture and the number of open holes;

[0018] The monitoring module is used to monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement;

[0019] The judgment module is used to judge the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand. If the temporary plugging effect is invalid, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added for the second time according to the temporary plugging working conditions, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

[0020] In a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is proposed, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-focusing directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method when executing the computer program.

[0021] In a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for implementing a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-focusing directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method is implemented.

[0022] In a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product is proposed, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for temporary plugging and fracturing of segmented multi-cluster energy-focused directional perforating flow limiting in horizontal wells is implemented.

[0023] The horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device proposed in the present invention segment and cluster the horizontal well according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics; determine the number of perforations in each cluster under the first flow-limiting pressure based on the segmented clustering; use a preset angle directional first aperture linear perforating to perform a fracturing test at a first pressure, and adjust the displacement according to the borehole friction and the number of open holes; monitor the displacement in the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, and perform temporary plugging fracturing in the well section, and when the displacement in the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement, add a knot temporary plugging agent; judge the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure change in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand, wherein, if the temporary plugging effect is invalid, re-introduce the temporary plugging agent or add sand for the second time according to the temporary plugging working condition, and re-judge the temporary plugging effect. The overall solution can improve the crack opening rate, achieve energy-gathering transformation, reduce costs and increase fracture-controlled reserves, realize block efficiency development, and provide strong technical and data support for oil and gas production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of determining the temporary plugging effect in the pre-fluid stage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of judging the temporary plugging effect in the sand adding stage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0031] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a system, device, apparatus, method or computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure may be specifically implemented in the following forms, namely: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device are proposed, which relate to the technical field of oil and gas production.

[0033] The principle and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy oriented perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the method includes:

[0035] S101, segmenting and clustering the horizontal wells according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics;

[0036] S102, determining the number of perforations in each cluster at a first flow-limiting pressure based on segmentation and clustering;

[0037] S103, performing a fracturing test at a first pressure by using a linear perforation with a first aperture oriented at a preset angle, and adjusting the displacement according to the perforation friction and the number of open holes;

[0038] S104, monitoring the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, adding sand to the horizontal well for the first time, performing temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and injecting knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to a preset displacement;

[0039] S105, judging the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand, wherein, if the temporary plugging effect is invalid, re-introducing temporary plugging agent or adding sand for the second time according to the temporary plugging working condition, and re-judging the temporary plugging effect.

[0040] The horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method proposed in the present invention can improve the fracture opening rate, achieve energy-gathering transformation, reduce costs and increase fracture-controlled reserves, realize block efficient development, and provide powerful technical and data support for oil and gas production.

[0041] In order to explain the above-mentioned horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method more clearly, each step is described in detail below.

[0042] In one embodiment, for S101, the horizontal wells are segmented and clustered according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics. The specific method includes:

[0043] Horizontal wells are segmented and clustered according to the reservoir's lithology, electrical properties, physical properties, oil content and rock mechanics characteristics.

[0044] In one embodiment, for S102, determining the number of perforations per cluster at the first flow limiting pressure based on segmentation and clustering includes:

[0045] The number of perforations in each cluster at the first limiting pressure is determined by using the classical hole friction calculation formula of the limiting fracturing theory. The calculation formula is:

[0046]

[0047] Where Pf is the hole friction, Pa; Q is the displacement, m 3 / s; ρ represents fluid density, kg / m 3 ; D represents the hole diameter, m; N pis the number of perforations; C represents the hole flow coefficient, which is dimensionless; wherein the first flow limiting pressure is 15-20MPa.

[0048] In one embodiment, for S103, a fracturing test of a first pressure is performed by directional linear perforation of a first aperture at a preset angle, and the displacement is adjusted according to the friction resistance of the perforations and the number of open holes, including:

[0049] The first pressure fracturing test was carried out by using 0° directional linear perforation with an aperture of 15 mm. The displacement was adjusted according to the friction resistance of the perforations and the number of open holes. After the displacement was adjusted, the perforations were opened and concentrated fracturing was carried out.

[0050] In one embodiment, for S104, the displacement in the pre-fluid stage is monitored, sand is added to the horizontal well for the first time, temporary plugging and fracturing is performed in the well section, and when the displacement in the pre-fluid stage drops to a preset displacement, a knot temporary plugging agent is added, including:

[0051] The horizontal well was sanded for the first time, and temporary plugging and fracturing were carried out in the well section. The displacement in the pre-fluid stage was reduced to 3m 3 / min, a knot temporary plugging agent is added, the knot size of the knot temporary plugging agent is 25-30mm, and the amount added is 0.55-0.7 holes.

[0052] Specifically, for 0° directional aperture 15mm linear perforation, the hole is 30% smaller than the hole of the preset aperture. After fracturing, the hole diameter is enlarged by 40%. After fracturing and sanding, the hole diameter is 11.7-13.7mm; the preset aperture is 0.42in.

[0053] In one embodiment, for S105, the temporary plugging effect is judged according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after sand addition, wherein, if the temporary plugging effect is invalid, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added a second time according to the temporary plugging working condition, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

[0054] refer to Figure 2 , is a schematic flow chart of determining the temporary plugging effect of the pre-fluid stage in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the specific method is:

[0055] S201, for the pre-fluid stage, after the knot temporary plugging agent is in place, monitor the pressure rise value and gradually increase the displacement to the displacement before the last pump stop;

[0056] S202, monitoring construction pressure P 暂 And the pressure before the last pump stop P 停 By comparison, under the same displacement, if P 暂 >P 停 , then the temporary blocking is determined to be effective; if P 暂 ≤P 停 , then the temporary blocking is determined to be invalid.

[0057] S203, if the temporary plugging is ineffective, re-introduce the knot temporary plugging agent, wherein the knot size of the knot temporary plugging agent is increased; if the temporary plugging is ineffective due to the failure of the bridge plug, 1-3 mm powder temporary plugging agent is added to plug the failure of the bridge plug;

[0058] S204, the order of input is to input knot temporary plugging agent, the knot size of the knot temporary plugging agent is 25-30mm, the amount of input is 0.55-0.7 holes, inject 3 cubic meters of isolation liquid, input powder temporary plugging agent, and monitor the construction pressure until P 暂 >P 停 .

[0059] refer to Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of a flow chart for judging the temporary plugging effect in the sand adding stage according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the specific method is:

[0060] S301, in the sand adding stage, if the pre-fluid stage P 暂 >P 停 , after adding sand 暂 ≤P 停 , the temporary plugging agent was broken through after adding sand.

[0061] Specifically, the processing methods adopted are:

[0062] S302, if P 暂 >P 停 The working condition accounts for more than 80% of the second sand addition, and the temporary plugging pressure exceeds P 暂 ≤P 停 If necessary, keep adding sand until completion;

[0063] S303, if P 暂 >P 停 The working condition accounts for 50% of the second sand addition, and the temporary plugging pressure exceeds P 暂 ≤P 停 If the situation is not favorable, reduce the amount of sand added;

[0064] S304, if P 暂 >P 停 It accounts for 30% of the second construction sand addition, and temporary plugging pressure breaks through P 暂 ≤P 停 If there is any situation, stop adding sand, add 1-3mm granular powder with fiber for temporary plugging, bridge plugging inside the seam, increase the seam pressure and continue to add sand after the seam is not completely opened.

[0065] The above temporary plugging and fracturing treatment method can also be used for sections with natural fractures. Based on the above method, the extension of liquid along the weak surface of natural fractures can be reduced to the greatest extent. The fiber-mixed powder plugging agent increases the net pressure in the fracture, which is conducive to plugging natural fractures and extending artificial fractures.

[0066] The horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method proposed in the present invention adopts directional 0° phase perforating and reasonable flow-limiting design, which can realize energy-gathering fracturing, open the cracks evenly, and make it easy to plug the rope knot temporary plugging agent through linear perforation, and the temporary plugging effect can also be judged immediately on site. Directional 0° phase perforating fracturing is not easy to cause casing change. Compared with conventional volume fracturing, the present invention can improve the crack opening rate, achieve energy-gathering transformation, reduce costs and increase fracture-controlled reserves, realize block efficient development, and provide powerful technical and data support for oil and gas production.

[0067] It should be noted that, although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a specific order in the above embodiments and the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in the specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired results. Additionally or alternatively, some steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be decomposed into multiple steps.

[0068] The horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method of the present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0069] Embodiment 1:

[0070] Taking a horizontal well as an example, it is segmented and clustered according to the reservoir lithology, electrical properties, physical properties, oil content and rock mechanical properties.

[0071] The classical hole friction calculation formula using the limited flow fracturing theory is: Determine the flow limiting pressure at 15-20MPa and determine the number of perforations per cluster. In the formula, Pf represents the hole friction, Pa; Q represents the displacement, m 3 / s; ρ represents fluid density, kg / m 3 ; D represents the hole diameter, m; N p is the number of perforations; C is the hole flow coefficient, which is dimensionless.

[0072] 0° directional large-aperture 15mm linear perforation is used for fracturing. First, a small pressure test is carried out to determine the friction resistance of the perforations and the number of open holes. The displacement is adjusted according to the test results to ensure that each hole is open to achieve energy-concentrated fracturing.

[0073] A low-pressure test is a preliminary test performed during a fracturing operation to assess downhole conditions, specifically perforation friction and perforation opening. When testing, first ensure that the downhole tools and equipment are properly installed and ready for testing, and determine the type and viscosity of fracturing fluid required for the test. Start pumping the fracturing fluid at a low displacement, which should be lower than the expected operating displacement. Monitor the pressure changes. As the fracturing fluid is pumped in, closely monitor the changes in downhole pressure. Record the pressure readings at different displacements. By observing the pressure changes when pumping the fracturing fluid, you can evaluate the perforation friction. If the pressure rises sharply with increasing displacement, this may indicate that the perforation friction is high. The pressure response and return flow can determine whether the perforation is open and to what extent. If the perforation is open, the fracturing fluid will enter the formation more easily, causing the pressure to drop. Based on the test results, adjust the displacement to optimize the fracturing effect. If the perforation friction is high, it may be necessary to increase the displacement to overcome the friction and ensure that the fracturing fluid can effectively enter the formation. In actual application scenarios, if necessary, the above steps can be repeated until the best combination of displacement and fracturing fluid is found to ensure that all holes can be opened and energy-concentrated fracturing can be achieved. All test data, including displacement, pressure, flowback, etc., should be recorded for subsequent analysis and adjustment of the fracturing plan.

[0074] In actual operation, adjustments may need to be made based on the specific conditions and geological characteristics of the well. The purpose of the low-pressure test is to ensure that the best crack opening and extension effects can be achieved in the formal fracturing operation, while avoiding unnecessary downhole complications.

[0075] After the first sand addition, during the second temporary plugging and fracturing of the corresponding well section, the displacement in the pre-stage was reduced to 3m 3 / min, put in knot temporary plugging agent, the knot of the knot temporary plugging agent should be 25-30mm (generally, the hole of 0° upward perforation is 30% smaller than the expected 0.42in (inch, conventional hole diameter), the hole diameter is enlarged by 40% after fracturing, and the hole diameter after fracturing and sand addition is 11.7-13.7mm), the amount of injection should be (0.55-0.7)N P Number of holes.

[0076] To judge the temporary blocking effect, the specific process is as follows:

[0077] Pre-fluid stage:

[0078] 1. After the temporary plugging agent is in place, observe the pressure rise and gradually increase the displacement to the displacement before the last pump stop;

[0079] 2. Observe the construction pressure P 暂 The pressure P before the last pump stop 停 Size, at the same displacement, P 暂 >P 停, then the temporary blocking is determined to be effective; if P 暂 ≤P 停 , then the temporary blocking is determined to be invalid.

[0080] 3. For the situation that temporary plugging is ineffective, the following two aspects can be considered as solutions: First, consider the size of the knot of the knot temporary plugging agent and increase the diameter of the knot; second, consider that the bridge plug may fail to seal, and add 1-3mm powder temporary plugging agent to seal the failed part of the bridge plug.

[0081] 4. The order of injection is: first inject the knot temporary plugging agent 25-30mm, the amount of injection should be (0.55-0.7)N P Number, add 3 cubic meters of isolation liquid, add powder temporary plugging agent, ensure P 暂 >P 停 .

[0082] Sand adding stage:

[0083] 5. If you start pre-fluid P 暂 >P 停 , after adding sand 暂 ≤P 停 This indicates that the temporary plugging is effective at the beginning and the temporary plugging agent is broken through after adding sand.

[0084] For the above situation, you can take the following approach:

[0085] 6. If P 暂 >P 停 It accounts for more than 80% of the sand addition in the second construction, and a temporary plugging pressure breakthrough P 暂 ≤P 停 If this is the case, construction will continue until completion.

[0086] 7. If P 暂 >P 停 It accounts for about 50% of the second construction sand addition, and a temporary plugging pressure breakthrough P 暂 ≤P 停 If this is the case, consider reducing the amount of sand added to avoid excessive modification of some joints.

[0087] 8. If P 暂 >P 停 It accounts for about 30% of the second construction sand addition, and a temporary plugging pressure breakthrough P 暂 ≤P 停 If there is any situation, stop adding sand, add 1-3mm granular powder with fiber for temporary plugging, bridge the gap inside the seam, increase the seam pressure, ensure that the seam is not completely opened, and then continue adding sand.

[0088] The above method can also be used for sections with natural fractures. This method can minimize the extension of liquid along the weak surface of natural fractures. The fiber-powder plugging agent increases the net pressure in the fracture, which is conducive to plugging natural fractures and extending artificial fractures.

[0089] Embodiment 2:

[0090] Taking a shale oil well as an example, the well was drilled to a depth of 4700m, with a horizontal section of 2500m and an average section length of 70m. Each section used 8 clusters, 0° phase angle directional perforation, 15mm large aperture (equivalent hole diameter 14.2-14.6mm), and 1 cluster with 1 hole (energy focusing).

[0091] The extreme current limiting perforation + intra-segment knot temporary plugging technology is adopted, with 4-8 adaptive knot temporary plugging balls per segment and a displacement of 20m 3 / min, flow limiting pressure 16.71MPa, after temporary blocking, P 暂 >P 停 The temporary plugging was effective and all sand additions were completed smoothly. After the well was fracturing and put into production, it has maintained an average production of 21 tons, making it one of the rare high-yield wells in the area.

[0092] The present invention is applicable to the staged fracturing of more than 4 clusters of horizontal wells in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and mainly solves the problems of uneven fracturing and uneven transformation.

[0093] Specifically, the directional 0° phase large aperture 15 mm perforation and reasonable flow limiting pressure of the present invention solve the problem of uneven formation crack opening due to heterogeneity (optical fiber monitoring shows that 0° phase perforation has relatively uniform hole erosion, with a standard deviation of nearly 6% and optimal production performance).

[0094] Based on directional 0° phase perforating, temporary plugging with a specific knotted temporary plugging agent improves the plugging effect of the perforations, and there is a set of methods to instantly judge the continued effectiveness of temporary plugging, making the concentrated energy fracturing more concentrated, the formation fracture transformation more uniform and sufficient, increasing the fracture-controlled reserves, and solving the problem of uneven transformation of heterogeneous fractures.

[0095] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts directional 0° phase perforation, reasonable flow limiting pressure (i.e., number of perforation holes), and a degradable knot-type temporary plugging agent, and makes improvements in on-site judgment of plugging effects, providing powerful technical and data support for oil and gas production.

[0096] The present invention adopts directional 0° phase perforation and reasonable flow limiting design, which can realize energy-gathering fracturing and evenly open the cracks. Moreover, linear perforation makes it easy to seal the rope knot temporary plugging agent, and there is a method for immediately judging the temporary plugging effect on site. Directional 0° phase perforation fracturing is not easy to cause casing change. Compared with conventional volume fracturing, this method can increase the fracture-controlled reserves and realize efficient development of the block.

[0097] After introducing the method of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, next, refer to Figure 4 A horizontal well segmented multi-cluster concentrated energy oriented perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is introduced.

[0098] The implementation of the horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing device can refer to the implementation of the above method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated. The terms "module" or "unit" used below can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceivable.

[0099] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing device, such as Figure 4 As shown, the device comprises:

[0100] Well analysis module 410, used to segment and cluster horizontal wells according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics;

[0101] A perforation calculation module 420, for determining the number of perforations per cluster at a first flow limiting pressure based on segmentation and clustering;

[0102] A test module 430 is used to perform a fracturing test at a first pressure by using a preset angle and directional linear perforation of a first aperture, and to adjust the displacement according to the friction resistance of the perforation and the number of open holes;

[0103] Monitoring module 440, used to monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to a preset displacement;

[0104] The judgment module 450 is used to judge the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand. If the temporary plugging effect is invalid, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added again according to the temporary plugging working condition, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

[0105] It should be noted that although several modules of the horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering oriented perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing device are mentioned in the above detailed description, this division is only exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more modules described above can be embodied in one module. Conversely, the features and functions of one module described above can be further divided into multiple modules for embodiment.

[0106] Based on the above invention concept, Figure 5As shown, the present invention also proposes a computer device 500, including a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program 530 stored in the memory 510 and executable on the processor 520, wherein the processor 520 implements the aforementioned horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-focusing directional perforating flow limiting temporary plugging fracturing method when executing the computer program 530.

[0107] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, the present invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the aforementioned horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-focused directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method.

[0108] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, the present invention proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for implementing a horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-focused directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method is implemented.

[0109] The horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforating flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method and device proposed in the present invention segment and cluster the horizontal well according to reservoir characteristics and rock characteristics; determine the number of perforations in each cluster under the first flow-limiting pressure based on the segmented clustering; use a preset angle directional first aperture linear perforating to perform a fracturing test at a first pressure, and adjust the displacement according to the borehole friction and the number of open holes; monitor the displacement in the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, and perform temporary plugging fracturing in the well section, and when the displacement in the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement, add a knot temporary plugging agent; judge the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure change in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand, wherein, if the temporary plugging effect is invalid, re-introduce the temporary plugging agent or add sand for the second time according to the temporary plugging working condition, and re-judge the temporary plugging effect. The overall solution can improve the crack opening rate, achieve energy-gathering transformation, reduce costs and increase fracture-controlled reserves, realize block efficiency development, and provide strong technical and data support for oil and gas production.

[0110] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of this application comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations.

[0111] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, devices, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0112] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0113] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0114] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-described embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-described embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing method, characterized in that: include: Segment and cluster the horizontal wells according to reservoir and rock characteristics; Determining the number of perforations in each cluster at a first flow-limiting pressure based on segmented clustering; A fracturing test of a first pressure is performed by using a preset angle directional first aperture linear perforation, and the displacement is adjusted according to the hole friction and the number of open holes; Monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement; The temporary plugging effect is judged according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand. If the temporary plugging effect is ineffective, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added a second time according to the temporary plugging conditions, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Horizontal wells are segmented and clustered according to reservoir and rock characteristics, including: Horizontal wells are segmented and clustered according to the reservoir's lithology, electrical properties, physical properties, oil content and rock mechanics characteristics.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of perforations per cluster is determined based on segmented clustering at the first flow limiting pressure, including: The number of perforations in each cluster at the first limiting pressure is determined by using the classical hole friction calculation formula of the limiting fracturing theory. The calculation formula is: Where Pf is the hole friction, Pa; Q is the displacement, m 3 / s; ρ represents fluid density, kg / m 3 ; D represents the hole diameter, m; N p is the number of perforations; C represents the hole flow coefficient, which is dimensionless; wherein the first flow limiting pressure is 15-20MPa.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first pressure fracturing test is carried out by using the first aperture linear perforation with a preset angle orientation, and the displacement is adjusted according to the hole friction and the number of open holes, including: The first pressure fracturing test was carried out by using 0° directional linear perforation with an aperture of 15 mm. The displacement was adjusted according to the friction resistance of the perforations and the number of open holes. After the displacement was adjusted, the perforations were opened and concentrated fracturing was carried out.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement, including: The horizontal well was sanded for the first time, and temporary plugging and fracturing were carried out in the well section. The displacement in the pre-fluid stage was reduced to 3m 3 / min, a knot temporary plugging agent is added, the knot size of the knot temporary plugging agent is 25-30mm, and the amount added is 0.55-0.7 holes.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that For 0° directional aperture 15mm linear perforation, the hole is 30% smaller than the preset hole diameter. After fracturing, the hole diameter is enlarged by 40%. After fracturing and sanding, the hole diameter is 11.7-13.7mm; the preset hole diameter is 0.42in.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The temporary plugging effect is judged based on the pressure changes during the pre-fluid stage and after sand addition, including: For the pre-fluid stage, after the temporary plugging agent is in place, monitor the pressure rise value and gradually increase the displacement to the displacement before the last pump stop; Monitoring construction pressure P 暂 And the pressure before the last pump stop P 停 By comparison, under the same displacement, if P 暂 >P 停 , then the temporary blocking is determined to be effective; if P 暂 ≤P 停 , then the temporary blocking is determined to be invalid.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Judging the temporary plugging effect based on the pressure changes during the pre-fluid stage and after sand addition also includes: If the temporary plugging is ineffective, re-introduce the knot temporary plugging agent, wherein the knot size of the knot temporary plugging agent is increased; if the temporary plugging is ineffective due to the failure of the bridge plug, 1-3mm powder temporary plugging agent is added to plug the failure of the bridge plug; The order of input is to input the temporary plugging agent with a knot size of 25-30mm, the amount of input is 0.55-0.7 holes, inject 3 cubic meters of isolation fluid, input the temporary plugging agent with powder, and monitor the construction pressure until P 暂 >P 停 .

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Judging the temporary plugging effect based on the pressure changes during the pre-fluid stage and after sand addition also includes: In the sand adding stage, if the pre-fluid stage P 暂 >P 停 , after adding sand 暂 ≤P 停 After adding sand, the temporary plugging agent was broken through. The treatment methods adopted were: If P 暂 >P 停 The working condition accounts for more than 80% of the second sand addition, and the temporary plugging pressure exceeds P 暂 ≤P 停 If necessary, keep adding sand until completion; If P 暂 >P 停 The working condition accounts for 50% of the second sand addition, and the temporary plugging pressure exceeds P 暂 ≤P 停 If the situation is not favorable, reduce the amount of sand added; If P 暂 >P 停 It accounts for 30% of the second construction sand addition, and temporary plugging pressure breaks through P 暂 ≤P 停 If there is any situation, stop adding sand, add 1-3mm granular powder with fiber for temporary plugging, bridge plugging inside the seam, increase the seam pressure and continue to add sand after the seam is not completely opened.

10. A horizontal well segmented multi-cluster energy-gathering directional perforation flow-limiting temporary plugging fracturing device, characterized in that: include: Well analysis module, used to segment and cluster horizontal wells according to reservoir and rock characteristics; A perforation calculation module, used for determining the number of perforations per cluster at a first flow-limiting pressure based on segmentation and clustering; A test module, used for conducting a fracturing test at a first pressure by using a preset angle and directional linear perforation of a first aperture, and adjusting the displacement according to the friction resistance of the aperture and the number of open holes; The monitoring module is used to monitor the displacement of the pre-fluid stage, add sand to the horizontal well for the first time, perform temporary plugging and fracturing in the well section, and inject knot temporary plugging agent when the displacement of the pre-fluid stage drops to the preset displacement; The judgment module is used to judge the temporary plugging effect according to the pressure changes in the pre-fluid stage and after adding sand. If the temporary plugging effect is invalid, the temporary plugging agent is re-introduced or sand is added for the second time according to the temporary plugging working conditions, and the temporary plugging effect is re-judged.

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