Integrated liquid helium loading system

Abstract

The integrated liquid helium loading system provided by the application integrates a helium liquefier, a liquid helium distribution valve box, a liquid helium container, a helium gas pressurizing unit, a low-temperature helium gas rewarming unit, a gas placement purification unit, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit. Through cooperation with a multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline and a liquid helium transmission pipeline, the loading system can realize intelligent regulation and control of multiple working modes of gas placement purification, precooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading. The liquid helium can be filled and transferred to other containers at the same time, without causing a large amount of loss and waste of liquid helium, and avoiding the safety hazards of pressure increase and the like of the container during the liquid helium transfer process, so as to realize safe and effective distribution and high-efficiency transfer of liquid helium. Meanwhile, the low-temperature helium gas in the filling and transfer process returns to the helium liquefier, and the cold energy of the low-temperature helium gas in the filling and transfer process can be effectively utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to cryogenic liquid storage, filling and transfer technologies in the field of refrigeration and cryogenics, and in particular to an integrated liquid helium loading system. Background Art

[0002] Helium is a scarce, non-renewable strategic resource. Both high-purity and liquid helium play a vital role in various fields. For example, in high-tech fields such as semiconductor and chip manufacturing, high-purity and ultra-high-purity helium are used extensively as protective gases and electronic specialty gases. In medical MRI equipment, liquid helium is widely used as a coolant for superconducting coils. In large-scale scientific projects, liquid helium and supercritical helium are used as coolants for superconducting magnets or superconducting coils, and are key to achieving the superconducting state. Helium has become an indispensable key resource for national security and the development of high-tech industries, and holds a crucial strategic position.

[0003] Compared to other cryogenic liquids, liquid helium has lower latent heat, lower density, better thermal conductivity, and stronger diffusivity. Internationally, after liquid helium is produced in a helium liquefier or liquid helium plant, filling a stationary liquid helium container with liquid helium, or transferring liquid helium from a stationary liquid helium container to a liquid helium tank container or liquid helium dewar, is a single filling or transfer operation.

[0004] Currently, large quantities of liquid helium are stored in liquid helium tank containers and imported into domestic ports. These containers are then transported to various gas distributors, where they are then transferred from the tank containers to liquid helium dewars for transportation and distribution, or vaporized into helium and pressurized into helium cylinders or helium high-pressure tube bundle trucks for transportation. Because large-scale domestic helium liquefiers, fixed liquid helium containers (such as liquid helium dewars or liquid helium storage tanks), and mobile liquid helium containers (such as liquid helium tank containers) are still under development, there is a lack of an efficient system that integrates these three systems and implements a liquid helium loading system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an integrated liquid helium loading system and control method that can realize intelligent regulation of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading, in order to address the technical defects of the existing technology that lack the efficient combination of helium liquefier, fixed liquid helium container and mobile liquid helium container.

[0006] To solve the above problems, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide an integrated liquid helium loading system, including: a helium liquefier (1), a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline (2), a liquid helium distribution valve box (3), a first liquid helium transmission pipeline (4), a first fixed liquid helium container (5), a second liquid helium transmission pipeline (7), a second fixed liquid helium container (8), a liquid helium transfer pump (10), a helium gas boosting unit (11), a first mobile liquid helium container (12), a second mobile liquid helium container (13), a cryogenic helium gas rewarming unit (14), a purge gas purification unit (15) and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit (16), and the liquid helium filling and transfer control unit (16) is electrically connected to each of the above components; wherein:

[0008] The liquid helium generated by the helium liquefier (1) enters the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) through the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline (2), and the liquid helium distributed by the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) is respectively used to fill the first fixed liquid helium container (5) through the first liquid helium transmission pipeline (4); and / or to fill the second fixed liquid helium container (8) through the second liquid helium transmission pipeline (7); and / or to transfer the liquid helium to the first mobile liquid helium container (12) through the liquid helium transfer pump (10); and / or to transfer the liquid helium to the second mobile liquid helium container (13) through the helium gas boosting unit (11);

[0009] The cryogenic helium gas rewarming unit (14) is connected to the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) through a pipeline to achieve cryogenic return gas rewarming; the purge gas purification unit (15) is connected to the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline (2) through a pipeline for charging and discharging the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline (2) and can charge and discharge the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) by adjusting the valve.

[0010] In some embodiments, the liquefaction cycle of the helium liquefier (1) can be based on the Claude cycle, the modified Claude cycle, the Collins cycle with two-stage turbines, the Collins cycle with multiple stages (2 < n ≤ 6) of turbines or the combination of the modified Claude cycle and the Collins cycle with multiple stages (2 < n ≤ 6) of turbines.

[0011] In some embodiments, the helium liquefier (1) has a 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-1), a first cryogenic solenoid valve (1-2), a 30K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-3), a second cryogenic solenoid valve (1-4), an 80K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-5), a third cryogenic solenoid valve (1-6) and a throttle valve (1-7).

[0012] In some embodiments, the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline (2) includes a 4.5K liquid helium pipeline (2-1), a 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), a 30K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline (2-3) and an 80K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline (2-4).

[0013] In some embodiments, an insulating support (2-5) is further included, wherein the insulating support (2-5) is made of G10 glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the insulating support (2-5) is in three-point contact with the 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), the 30K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-3) and the 80K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-4).

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer layers of the 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), the 30K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-3), and the 80K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-4) are wrapped with a multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6). The multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6) can be a composite aluminum foil or a hollow glass microsphere material. The multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6) can be wrapped with equal density or variable density.

[0015] In some embodiments, the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) comprises a valve box flange cover (3-1), a valve box cylinder (3-2), a first filling and transfer control unit (3-3) and a second filling and transfer control unit (3-4), wherein:

[0016] The valve box flange cover (3-1) is placed on the valve box cylinder (3-2) and a copper gasket or an O-ring is used therebetween and fastened with bolt through holes to form a high vacuum insulation cylinder;

[0017] The first filling and transfer control unit (3-3) comprises a first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2), a first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) and a first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6); the first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2) is provided with a first filling regulating valve (3-3-1); the first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) is provided with a first transfer regulating valve (3-3-3); the first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6) comprises a plurality of low-temperature helium return pipes, and any of the low-temperature helium return pipes is provided with a return gas temperature control regulating valve, the return gas temperature control regulating valves forming a first return gas temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5); the outer surfaces of the first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2), the first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) and the first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6) are covered with multiple layers of thermal insulation material;

[0018] The second filling and transfer control unit (3-4) comprises a second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2), a second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) and a second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6); the second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2) is provided with a second filling regulating valve (3-4-1); the second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) is provided with a second transfer regulating valve (3-4-3); the second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6) comprises a plurality of low-temperature helium return pipes, and any one of the low-temperature helium return pipes is provided with a filling regulating valve, the filling regulating valves constituting a second return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5); the outer surfaces of the second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2), the second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) and the second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6) are covered with multiple layers of thermal insulation material.

[0019] It is understandable that in practice, as the number of fixed liquid helium containers or mobile liquid helium containers increases, the number of filling and transfer control units also increases accordingly.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5) is placed in front of the first low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-3-6), and the first return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5) can be controlled to open according to the return air temperature to realize low-temperature helium return air in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-3-6); the second return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5) is placed in front of the second low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-4-6), and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5) can be controlled to open according to the return air temperature to realize low-temperature helium return air in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-4-6).

[0021] In some embodiments, the first fixed liquid helium container (5) may be a vertical liquid helium container or a horizontal liquid helium storage tank. The first fixed liquid helium container (5) has a built-in liquid level measuring device (5-1), a helium boosting pipeline (5-2), a helium boosting pipeline valve (5-3), and a safety accessory (5-4). The helium boosting pipeline (5-2) is provided with the helium boosting pipeline valve (5-3), and liquid helium enters the first fixed liquid helium container (5) through the helium boosting pipeline (5-2).

[0022] In some embodiments, the second fixed liquid helium container (8) can be a vertical liquid helium dewar or a vertical or horizontal liquid helium storage tank. The second fixed liquid helium container (8) has a built-in liquid level measuring device (8-1), a helium boosting pipeline (8-2), a helium boosting pipeline valve (8-3) and a safety accessory (8-4). The helium boosting pipeline (8-2) is provided with the helium boosting pipeline valve (8-3), and liquid helium enters the second fixed liquid helium container (8) through the helium boosting pipeline (8-2).

[0023] It is understood that the first fixed liquid helium container (5) and the second fixed liquid helium container (8) can be used in the form of two vertical liquid helium containers and two large-capacity horizontal liquid helium storage tanks, or in the form of a combination of one vertical liquid helium container and one large-capacity horizontal liquid helium storage tank.

[0024] In some embodiments, the helium pressurizing unit (11) includes an external helium buffer tank interface valve (11-1) or a high-pressure gas cylinder (group) interface valve (11-2), which is used to achieve internal pressurization of the first fixed liquid helium container (5) and / or the second fixed liquid helium container (8) during the transfer process.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first mobile liquid helium container (12) may be a mobile liquid helium dewar, a liquid helium tank container, or a liquid helium tank truck, for transferring liquid helium from the first stationary liquid helium container (5) and / or the second stationary liquid helium container (8) to the first mobile liquid helium container (12).

[0026] In some embodiments, the second mobile liquid helium container (13) can be a mobile liquid helium dewar, a liquid helium tank container or a liquid helium tank truck, and is used to transfer liquid helium from the first stationary liquid helium container (5) and / or the second stationary liquid helium container (8) to the first mobile liquid helium container (12).

[0027] It is understood that the first mobile liquid helium container (12) and the second mobile liquid helium container (13) can be used in the form of two mobile liquid helium dewars, liquid helium tank containers or liquid helium tank trucks, or in the form of a combination of one mobile liquid helium dewar, one liquid helium tank container or one liquid helium tank truck.

[0028] In some embodiments, the low-temperature helium rewarming unit (14) includes a vacuum heater (14-1), a vaporizer (14-2), or a combination of the two. The vacuum heater (14-1) and the vaporizer (14-2) are connected to the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) through a pipeline, and can realize the low-temperature rewarming function.

[0029] In some embodiments, the gas purification unit (15) includes a high-purity nitrogen replacement unit (15-1), a high-purity helium gas placement unit (15-2), a vacuum pump group (15-3) and an external purifier (15-4), and the vacuum pump group (15-3) is used to drive the high-purity nitrogen replacement unit (15-1), the high-purity helium gas placement unit (15-2) and the external purifier (15-4).

[0030] In some embodiments, the liquid helium filling and transfer control unit (16) includes a liquid helium filling control unit (16-1), a liquid helium transfer control unit (16-2), a pressurization control unit (16-3), and a low-temperature return gas reheating control unit (16-4), which can realize intelligent control of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation filling, and transfer loading.

[0031] This application adopts the above technical solution, and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0032] The integrated liquid helium loading system provided by the present application integrates a helium liquefier, a liquid helium distribution valve box, a liquid helium container, a helium pressurizing unit, a cryogenic helium rewarming unit, a gas placement and purification unit, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit. By cooperating with a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline and a liquid helium transmission pipeline, intelligent regulation of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas placement and purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading, can be achieved. At the same time as liquid helium filling, the liquid helium can be transferred to multiple other containers without causing a large amount of liquid helium loss and waste, and can also avoid safety hazards such as increased container pressure during the liquid helium transfer process, thereby achieving safe and effective distribution and efficient transfer of liquid helium. At the same time, the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process is returned to the helium liquefier, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 1 of the present application.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 3 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0039] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See also Figure 1 The integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 1 includes a helium liquefier 1, a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, a liquid helium distribution valve box 3, a first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, a first fixed liquid helium container 5, a first cryogenic helium return pipeline 6, a second liquid helium transmission pipeline 7, a second fixed liquid helium container 8, a second cryogenic helium return pipeline 9, a liquid helium delivery pump 10, a helium pressurization system 11, a first mobile liquid helium container 12, a second mobile liquid helium container 13, a cryogenic helium rewarming system 14, a gas placement and purification system 15, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control system 16.

[0043] The working principle is as follows: open the internal valve of the loading system, start the gas purification system 15, open the high-purity nitrogen replacement unit 15-1 to charge and exhaust for 3 times; close the high-purity nitrogen replacement unit 15-1, open the vacuum pump group 15-3 to evacuate to 10Pa level; close the vacuum pump group, open the high-purity helium gas unit 15-2 to charge and exhaust for 3 times to complete the gasification of the loading system. Then open the external purifier 15-4 to purify the loading system. When the gas purity of N2, H2O and C in the loading system isx H y The total content is less than 5vpm, completing the system purification working mode.

[0044] Helium liquefier 1 is turned on and starts up, performing a system self-check and interlock reset. The helium liquefier 1 gradually cools down to the helium liquefaction temperature. The first filling regulating valve 3-3-1 in the liquid helium distribution valve box 3 is opened, and cryogenic helium flows sequentially through the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, the first liquid helium filling pipeline 3-3-2, and the first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, entering the first fixed liquid helium container 5. This pre-cools the pipeline and container, gradually completing the pre-cooling mode. When the temperature behind the throttle valve 1-7 reaches the liquid helium temperature, continuous liquid accumulation begins. When the liquid level in the first fixed liquid helium container 5 reaches a certain height, the liquid helium accumulation and filling mode is complete.

[0045] In the transfer mode, liquid helium can be transferred from the first stationary liquid helium container 5 or the second stationary liquid helium container 8 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12 or the second mobile liquid helium container 13, respectively. This process can be rapidly achieved through the coordination of pumps and valves. When transferring liquid helium from the first stationary liquid helium container 5 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is turned on, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is turned on, and the first return gas temperature control regulating valve assembly 3-3-5 is opened according to the internal temperature, thereby returning low-temperature helium from different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return gas piping system 3-3-6, completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the second fixed liquid helium container 8 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is turned on, the second transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is turned on, and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-4-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-4-6, and completing the transfer process.

[0046] When liquid helium is transferred from the first fixed liquid helium container 5 to the second mobile liquid helium container 13, this process can be quickly transferred by cooperating with the pump and the valve. The liquid helium delivery pump 10-2 is turned on, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is turned on, and the first return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-3-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-3-6, and completing the transfer process. When liquid helium is transferred from the second fixed liquid helium container 8 to the second mobile liquid helium container 13, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-2 is turned on, the second transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is turned on, and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-4-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-4-6, and completing the transfer process. At this point, the integrated liquid helium loading system has realized multiple working modes including gas purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer and loading.

[0047] The integrated liquid helium loading system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 of the present application integrates a helium liquefier, a liquid helium distribution valve box, a liquid helium container, a helium pressurizing unit, a cryogenic helium rewarming unit, a gas placement and purification unit, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit. By cooperating with a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline and a liquid helium transmission pipeline, intelligent regulation of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas placement and purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading, can be achieved. At the same time as liquid helium filling, the liquid helium can be transferred to multiple other containers without causing a large amount of liquid helium loss and waste, and can also avoid safety hazards such as increased container pressure during the liquid helium transfer process, thereby achieving safe and effective distribution and efficient transfer of liquid helium. At the same time, the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process returns to the helium liquefier, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] See also Figure 2 , which is another specific embodiment of the simplified integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 2 of the present application. The simplified integrated liquid helium loading system includes a helium liquefier 1, a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, a liquid helium distribution valve box 3, a first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, a first fixed liquid helium container 5, a first cryogenic helium return line 6, a liquid helium delivery pump 10, a helium pressurization system 11, a first mobile liquid helium container 12, a cryogenic helium rewarming system 14, a system gas purification system 15, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control system 16.

[0050] The working principle is as follows: open the internal valve of the loading system, start the gas purification system 15, complete the gas filling and purification of the loading system through replacement, when the gas purity of N2, H2O and C in the loading system is x H y The total content is less than 5vpm, completing the system purification working mode.

[0051] Helium liquefier 1 is then turned on, and a system self-check and interlock reset are performed. The helium liquefier 1 gradually cools down to the helium liquefaction temperature. The first filling regulating valve 3-3-1 in the liquid helium distribution valve box 3 is opened, and cryogenic helium flows sequentially through the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, the first liquid helium filling pipeline 3-3-2, and the first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, entering the first fixed liquid helium container 5. This pre-cooling process pre-cools the pipeline and container, gradually completing the pre-cooling mode. When the temperature behind throttle valve 1-7 reaches the liquid helium temperature, continuous liquid accumulation begins. When the liquid level in the first fixed liquid helium container 5 reaches a certain level, the liquid helium accumulation and filling mode is complete.

[0052] In the transfer mode, liquid helium can be transferred from the first fixed liquid helium container 5 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12. This process can be rapidly achieved through the coordination of pumps and valves. First, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is activated, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is opened, and the first return gas temperature control regulating valve group 3-3-5 is opened according to the internal temperature. This allows the return of low-temperature helium from the first low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-3-6 at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K, completing the transfer process.

[0053] At this point, the simplified integrated liquid helium loading system has realized multiple working modes including gas purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer and loading.

[0054] The integrated liquid helium loading system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 2 of the present application integrates a helium liquefier, a liquid helium distribution valve box, a liquid helium container, a helium pressurizing unit, a low-temperature helium rewarming unit, a gas placement and purification unit, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit. By cooperating with a multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline and a liquid helium transmission pipeline, intelligent regulation of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas placement and purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading, can be achieved. At the same time as liquid helium filling, the liquid helium can be transferred to multiple other containers without causing a large amount of liquid helium loss and waste, and can also avoid safety hazards such as increased container pressure during the liquid helium transfer process, thereby achieving safe and effective distribution and efficient transfer of liquid helium; at the same time, the low-temperature helium in the filling and transfer process returns to the helium liquefier, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of the low-temperature helium in the filling and transfer process.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] See also Figure 3 , which is a structural diagram of the integrated liquid helium loading system provided in Example 3 of the present application, can realize a specific embodiment of more than three sets of liquid helium loading systems.

[0057] In this embodiment, the liquid helium loading system includes a helium liquefier 1, a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, a liquid helium distribution valve box 3, a first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, a first stationary liquid helium container 5, a first cryogenic helium return pipeline 6, a second liquid helium transmission pipeline 7, a second stationary liquid helium container 8, a second cryogenic helium return pipeline 9, a third stationary liquid helium container 17, a third cryogenic helium return pipeline 18, a liquid helium delivery pump 10, a helium pressurization system 11, a first mobile liquid helium container 12, a second mobile liquid helium container 13, a third mobile liquid helium container 19, a cryogenic helium rewarming system 14, a gas placement and purification system 15, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control system 16.

[0058] The working principle is as follows: open the internal valve of the loading system, start the gas purification system 15, complete the gas filling and purification of the loading system through replacement, when the gas purity of N2, H2O and C in the loading system is x Hy The total content is less than 5vpm, completing the system purification working mode.

[0059] Then, the helium liquefier 1 is opened to perform a system self-check and interlock reset. The helium liquefier 1 is gradually cooled down to the helium liquefaction temperature, the first filling regulating valve 3-3-1 in the liquid helium distribution valve box 3 is opened, and the low-temperature helium passes through the multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline 2, the first liquid helium filling pipeline 3-3-2 and the first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4 in sequence, and enters the first fixed liquid helium container 5, pre-cooling the pipeline and container. Then, the above valves and flow channels are closed, the second filling regulating valve 3-4-1 in the liquid helium distribution valve box 3 is opened, and the low-temperature helium passes through the multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline 2, the first liquid helium filling pipeline 3-3-2 and the first liquid helium transmission pipeline 4 in sequence, and enters the first fixed liquid helium container 5, pre-cooling the pipeline and container, and then ... The multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 2, the 2# liquid helium filling pipeline 3-4-2, and the second liquid helium transmission pipeline 4 enter the second fixed liquid helium container 8. The aforementioned valves and flow channels are then closed, and the third filling regulating valve 3-5-1 in the liquid helium distribution valve box 3 is opened. Cryogenic helium flows sequentially through the multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline 3, the 3# liquid helium filling pipeline 3-5-2, and the third liquid helium transmission pipeline 4, entering the third fixed liquid helium container 17, gradually completing the pre-cooling operation mode. When the temperature behind the throttle valve 1-7 reaches the liquid helium temperature, continuous liquid accumulation begins. When the liquid levels in the first fixed liquid helium container 5, the second fixed liquid helium container 8, and the third fixed liquid helium container 17 reach a certain level, the liquid helium accumulation and filling operation mode is completed.

[0060] In the transfer mode, liquid helium can be transferred from the first stationary liquid helium container 5, the second stationary liquid helium container 8, or the third stationary liquid helium container 17 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the second mobile liquid helium container 13, or the third mobile liquid helium container 19, respectively. This process can be rapidly transferred by the cooperation of pumps and valves. During this process, rapid transfer can be achieved by the cooperation of pumps and valves. When the first stationary liquid helium container 5 is transferring liquid helium to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is turned on, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is turned on, and the first return temperature temperature control regulating valve group 3-3-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby returning low-temperature helium from different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-3-6, completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the first fixed liquid helium container 5 to the second mobile liquid helium container 13, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-2 is turned on, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is turned on, and the first return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-3-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-3-6, and completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the first fixed liquid helium container 5 to the third mobile liquid helium container 19, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-3 is turned on, the first transfer regulating valve 3-3-3 is turned on, and the first return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-3-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-3-6, and completing the transfer process.

[0061] When transferring liquid helium from the second fixed liquid helium container 8 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is turned on, the second transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is turned on, and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-4-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-4-6, completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the second fixed liquid helium container 8 to the second mobile liquid helium container 13, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-2 is turned on, the second transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is turned on, and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-4-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-4-6, completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the second fixed liquid helium container 8 to the third mobile liquid helium container 19, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-3 is turned on, the second transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is turned on, and the second return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-4-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-4-6, and completing the transfer process.

[0062] When transferring liquid helium from the third fixed liquid helium container 17 to the first mobile liquid helium container 12, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-1 is turned on, the 3# transfer regulating valve 3-5-3 is turned on, and the third return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-5-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the 3# low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-5-6, thus completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the third fixed liquid helium container 17 to the second mobile liquid helium container 13, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-2 is turned on, the 3# transfer regulating valve 3-5-3 is turned on, and the 3# return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-5-5 is turned on according to the internal temperature, thereby realizing the return of low-temperature helium at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K in the 3# low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-5-6, thus completing the transfer process. When transferring liquid helium from the third fixed liquid helium container 17 to the third mobile liquid helium container 19, the liquid helium delivery pump 10-3 is turned on, the 3# transfer regulating valve 3-4-3 is opened, and the first return air temperature control regulating valve group 3-5-5 is opened according to the internal temperature. This allows the return of low-temperature helium from the third low-temperature helium return pipe system 3-5-6 at different temperature zones of 30K, 80K, and 300K, completing the transfer process. This completes the multiple operating modes of the liquid helium loading system for more than three units, including gas purification, precooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading.

[0063] The integrated liquid helium loading system provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 3 of the present application integrates a helium liquefier, a liquid helium distribution valve box, a liquid helium container, a helium pressurizing unit, a cryogenic helium rewarming unit, a gas placement and purification unit, and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit. By cooperating with a multi-channel composite cryogenic transmission pipeline and a liquid helium transmission pipeline, intelligent regulation of multiple working modes of the loading system, including gas placement and purification, pre-cooling, liquid helium accumulation and filling, and transfer loading, can be achieved. At the same time as liquid helium filling, the liquid helium can be transferred to multiple other containers without causing a large amount of liquid helium loss and waste, and can also avoid safety hazards such as increased container pressure during the liquid helium transfer process, thereby achieving safe and effective distribution and efficient transfer of liquid helium. At the same time, the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process returns to the helium liquefier, which can effectively utilize the cold energy of the cryogenic helium in the filling and transfer process.

[0064] It can be understood that the various technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and only specifically describe the technical principles of the present application. These descriptions are intended only to explain the principles of the present application and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Based on the explanations herein, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application, as well as other specific implementations of the present application that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without inventive effort, shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An integrated liquid helium loading system, characterized in that: include: A helium liquefier (1), a multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline (2), a liquid helium distribution valve box (3), a first liquid helium transmission pipeline (4), a first fixed liquid helium container (5), a second liquid helium transmission pipeline (7), a second fixed liquid helium container (8), a liquid helium delivery pump (10), a helium booster unit (11), a first mobile liquid helium container (12), a second mobile liquid helium container (13), a low-temperature helium rewarming unit (14), a gas purification unit (15) and a liquid helium filling and transfer control unit (16), wherein the liquid helium filling and transfer control unit (16) is electrically connected to the above-mentioned components; wherein: The liquid helium produced by the helium liquefier (1) enters the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) through the multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline (2), and the liquid helium distributed by the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) is respectively added to the first fixed liquid helium container (5) through the first liquid helium transmission pipeline (4); and / or is added to the second fixed liquid helium container (8) through the second liquid helium transmission pipeline (7); and / or is transferred to the first mobile liquid helium container (12) through the liquid helium delivery pump (10); and / or is transferred to the second mobile liquid helium container (13) through the helium booster unit (11); The low-temperature helium reheating unit (14) is connected to the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) via a pipeline, and can realize low-temperature gas reheating; the gas purification unit (15) is connected to the multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline (2) via a pipeline, and is used to fill and exhaust the multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline (2) and can fill and exhaust the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) through an adjusting valve; The multi-channel composite low-temperature transmission pipeline (2) includes a 4.5K liquid helium pipeline (2-1), a 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), a 30K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-3) and an 80K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-4); The liquid helium distribution valve box (3) comprises a valve box flange cover (3-1), a valve box cylinder (3-2), a first filling and transfer control unit (3-3) and a second filling and transfer control unit (3-4), wherein: The valve box flange cover (3-1) is placed on the valve box cylinder (3-2) and a copper gasket or an O-type sealing ring is used therebetween and fastened with bolt through holes to form a high vacuum insulation cylinder; The low-temperature helium rewarming unit (14) comprises a vacuum heater (14-1) and a vaporizer (14-2), and the vacuum heater (14-1) and the vaporizer (14-2) are connected to the liquid helium distribution valve box (3) via a pipeline, thereby realizing a low-temperature gas rewarming function; The gas purification unit (15) includes a high-purity nitrogen replacement unit (15-1), a high-purity helium gas placement unit (15-2), a vacuum pump group (15-3) and an external purifier (15-4), wherein the vacuum pump group (15-3) is used to drive the high-purity nitrogen replacement unit (15-1), the high-purity helium gas placement unit (15-2) and the external purifier (15-4).

2. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium liquefier (1) liquefaction cycle is based on a Claude cycle, a modified Claude cycle, a Collins cycle with a two-stage turbine, a Collins cycle with a multi-stage turbine, or a combination of a modified Claude cycle with a multi-stage turbine and a Collins cycle, wherein the number of the multi-stages is greater than 2 and less than or equal to 6.

3. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium liquefier (1) comprises a 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-1), a first cryogenic solenoid valve (1-2), a 30K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-3), a second cryogenic solenoid valve (1-4), an 80K temperature zone cryogenic helium gas return pipeline Boyonet (1-5), a third cryogenic solenoid valve (1-6) and a throttle valve (1-7).

4. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an insulating support (2-5), the insulating support (2-5) is made of G10 glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the insulating support (2-5) is in three-point contact with the 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), the 30K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-3), and the 80K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-4).

5. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layers of the 4.5K saturated helium gas return pipeline (2-2), the 30K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-3), and the 80K temperature zone low-temperature helium gas return pipeline (2-4) are wrapped with a multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6). The multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6) is a composite aluminum foil or hollow glass microsphere material. The multi-layer thermal insulation material (2-6) is wrapped with equal density or variable density.

6. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first filling and transfer control unit (3-3) comprises a first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2), a first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) and a first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6); the first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2) is provided with a first filling regulating valve (3-3-1); the first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) is provided with a first transfer regulating valve (3-3-3); the first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6) comprises a plurality of low-temperature helium return pipes, and any of the low-temperature helium return pipes is provided with a return gas temperature control regulating valve, the return gas temperature control regulating valves forming a first return gas temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5); the outer surfaces of the first liquid helium filling pipeline (3-3-2), the first liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-3-4) and the first low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-3-6) are covered with multiple layers of thermal insulation material; The second filling and transfer control unit (3-4) comprises a second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2), a second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) and a second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6); the second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2) is provided with a second filling regulating valve (3-4-1); the second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) is provided with a second transfer regulating valve (3-4-3); the second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6) comprises a plurality of low-temperature helium return pipes, and any of the low-temperature helium return pipes is provided with a return gas temperature control regulating valve, the return gas temperature control regulating valves constituting a second return gas temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5); the outer surfaces of the second liquid helium filling pipeline (3-4-2), the second liquid helium transfer pipeline (3-4-4) and the second low-temperature helium return pipe system (3-4-6) are covered with multiple layers of thermal insulation material.

7. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5) is arranged in front of the first low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-3-6), and can control the opening of the first return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-3-5) according to the return air temperature to realize the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the first low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-3-6); the second return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5) is arranged in front of the second low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-4-6), and can control the opening of the second return air temperature control regulating valve group (3-4-5) according to the return air temperature to realize the return of low-temperature helium in different temperature zones of 30K, 80K and 300K in the second low-temperature helium return air pipe system (3-4-6).

8. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixed liquid helium container (5) is a vertical liquid helium container or a horizontal liquid helium storage tank. The first fixed liquid helium container (5) has a built-in liquid level measuring device (5-1), a helium boosting pipeline (5-2), a helium boosting pipeline valve (5-3), and a safety accessory (5-4). The helium boosting pipeline (5-2) is provided with the helium boosting pipeline valve (5-3).

9. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second fixed liquid helium container (8) is a vertical liquid helium dewar or a vertical or horizontal liquid helium storage tank. The second fixed liquid helium container (8) has a built-in liquid level measuring device (8-1), a helium boosting pipeline (8-2), a helium boosting pipeline valve (8-3) and a safety accessory (8-4). The helium boosting pipeline (8-2) is provided with the helium boosting pipeline valve (8-3).

10. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The helium boosting unit (11) comprises an external helium buffer tank interface valve (11-1) or a high-pressure gas cylinder group interface valve (11-2), which is used to achieve internal pressurization of the first fixed liquid helium container (5) and / or the second fixed liquid helium container (8) during the transfer process.

11. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mobile liquid helium container (12) is a mobile liquid helium dewar, a liquid helium tank container, or a liquid helium tank truck, and is used to transfer liquid helium from the first stationary liquid helium container (5) and / or the second stationary liquid helium container (8) to the first mobile liquid helium container (12).

12. The integrated liquid helium loading system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second mobile liquid helium container (13) is a mobile liquid helium dewar, a liquid helium tank container or a liquid helium tank truck, and is used to transfer liquid helium from the first fixed liquid helium container (5) and / or the second fixed liquid helium container (8) to the second mobile liquid helium container (13).

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