A high-efficiency energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit applied to the field of heating-related technologies. By dividing the shell side of the heat exchanger, the movement path of the heat medium carbon dioxide can be effectively shortened during heat exchange, thereby effectively maintaining the temperature difference between water and the heat medium carbon dioxide. Compared with the prior art, the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved, and the response speed of this heat pump unit is increased, thereby effectively reducing the amount and time of cold water released before the water becomes hot, achieving energy-saving effects and making it more convenient for users. In addition, the size of the divided chambers in the heat exchanger can be adjusted by setting a variable gap plate, thereby adapting to the heat exchange needs under different conditions. Furthermore, with the setting of a gap monitoring unit, after the chambers are determined, the presence of gaps between the gap plate and the heat exchanger can be monitored, effectively ensuring the sealing between each chamber and making the heat exchange process more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a heat pump unit, and more particularly to a high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit applied in the field of heating-related technologies. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide heat pumps are increasingly widely used in various heating and cooling systems due to their environmental friendliness, high efficiency, low GWP (Gross Power Consumption), and high energy density. Compared to conventional heat pump systems, carbon dioxide heat pumps have higher outlet water temperatures, reaching up to 80°C in a single pass, effectively killing bacteria and viruses in the water. Furthermore, this heat pump can maintain an outlet water temperature above 70°C even in environments as low as -20°C, making it suitable for use in low-temperature environments.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118423735A discloses a carbon dioxide heat pump heating unit that stores the heat provided by the carbon dioxide heat pump through a phase change heat storage medium in a hot water storage tank. The phase change heat storage medium has the characteristics of high heat storage density and constant temperature, which can effectively coordinate the heat supply and heat demand of the carbon dioxide heat pump, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the unit and effectively alleviating the problem that the carbon dioxide heat pump outputs a large amount of heat at one time and that frequent starts will also cause additional energy loss.

[0004] Chinese patent CN109724434B discloses a carbon dioxide heat exchanger and a carbon dioxide heat pump unit. This carbon dioxide heat exchanger achieves heat exchange by setting multiple straight heat exchange tubes inside the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, avoiding the use of traditional shell-and-tube heat exchangers with bent heat exchange tubes. It has a compact structure, reduces the space occupied by the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and makes the straight tubes easier to process, thus reducing the production and manufacturing cost of the entire carbon dioxide heat pump unit.

[0005] The existing carbon dioxide heat pump units use a heat exchanger with a long shell side during heating. The carbon dioxide, as the heat medium, travels a long distance within the heat exchanger, and the temperature difference between the heat medium and water decreases in the latter half, affecting the heat exchange efficiency. This also results in a slow response speed of the heat pump unit during heating, and the tap needs to run cold water for a long time before hot water can be dispensed, leading to water waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem that this invention aims to solve in view of the above-mentioned prior art is the low heat exchange efficiency, which leads to a slow thermal response speed of the heat pump unit.

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit, comprising a controller and a compressor, heat exchanger, expansion valve, water storage tank, and evaporator electrically connected to the controller. The compressor, heat exchanger, expansion valve, water storage tank, and evaporator are all connected to each other via pipes, and the exhaust port of the evaporator is also connected to the air inlet of the compressor via a pipe. The hot water inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to an external device. The water storage tank is covered with an insulation sleeve, and the air inlet of the expansion valve is fixed to and connected to the insulation sleeve.

[0008] The heat exchanger has a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet fixedly connected to its left and right ends, respectively. Side plates are fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the heat exchanger. Multiple evenly distributed heat exchange tubes are fixedly inserted between the two side plates. Multiple gap plates are also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat exchanger. The gap plates divide the shell side between the two side plates into multiple chambers. Multiple baffles are provided in each chamber. Adjacent baffles are staggered. The gap plates and baffles are fixedly penetrated by the corresponding multiple heat exchange tubes. Multiple evenly distributed hot gas inlets are fixedly connected to the upper end of the compressor. Multiple evenly distributed hot gas outlets are fixedly connected to the lower end of the compressor. The lower ends of the multiple hot gas outlets are fixedly connected to a common exhaust pipe. The outlet of the common exhaust pipe is connected to the air inlet on the insulation jacket. Multiple hot gas inlets are connected to the outlet on the water storage tank. Solenoid valves are provided on the multiple hot gas inlets and multiple hot gas outlets. The solenoid valves are connected to the controller signal.

[0009] The heat exchanger is also fixedly wrapped with multiple external control rings, which correspond to multiple gap plates inside the heat exchanger, and the external control rings are connected to the controller signal.

[0010] In the aforementioned high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit, by dividing the shell side inside the heat exchanger, the movement path of the heat medium carbon dioxide can be effectively shortened during heat exchange, thereby effectively maintaining the temperature difference between water and the heat medium carbon dioxide. Compared with existing technologies, this significantly improves heat exchange efficiency, allowing water to heat up faster, thus effectively reducing the amount and time of cold water released before the water becomes hot, achieving energy-saving effects, and making it more convenient for users to use.

[0011] As a further improvement of this application, all the baffles are D-shaped structures, and the cross-section of the baffles is larger than a semicircle. Along the direction of water flow, the span of the multiple chambers becomes larger and larger.

[0012] As a further improvement of this application, the gap plate includes a tube-limiting plate body and gap adjustment units fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the tube-limiting plate body respectively. The gap adjustment unit includes two gap adjustment strips fixedly connected to the arc edge of the tube-limiting plate body respectively, and a gap adjustment sleeve wrapped around the end of the tube-limiting plate body. The end of the gap adjustment sleeve extends to the middle of the upper end of the tube-limiting plate body. The arc end face of the tube-limiting plate body is completely attached to and fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchanger.

[0013] As a further improvement of this application, the adjusting sleeve is made of a flexible sealing material, and after the adjusting sleeve is fully extended, the two adjusting sleeves and the cross section of the limiting plate are combined to form a complete circle.

[0014] As a further improvement of this application, the width of the outer control ring is not less than the width of the gap plate, and the part of the outer control ring facing the straight end face of the limiting plate is made of electromagnetic material, while the other parts of the limiting plate are made of rigid shaping material. The gap adjusting strip is made of elastic material, and multiple evenly distributed ferromagnetic sheets are fixedly embedded inside the gap adjusting strip.

[0015] As another improvement of this application, the ends of the two adjusting strips are distributed in a cross pattern, and a monitoring groove is cut in the middle of the straight end face of the limiting plate. A gap monitoring unit is set in the monitoring groove. The gap monitoring unit includes a double-arm monitoring strip connected in the middle of the monitoring groove, two gap-following ropes respectively connected between the two ends of the double-arm monitoring strip and the ends of the adjusting strip, and two laser rangefinders respectively installed on the two opposite inner walls of the monitoring groove. The double-arm monitoring strip is located between the two laser rangefinders.

[0016] As a further improvement to this application, the dual-arm monitoring bar includes a positioning plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring groove and monitoring arms fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the positioning plate respectively. The monitoring arm includes an active section fixedly connected to the positioning plate and a passive section fixedly connected to the end of the active section.

[0017] As a further improvement to this application, both the positioning plate and the passive section are opaque, rigid, fixed structures, and the connection point between the gap-following moving rope and the dual-arm monitoring strip is located at the neck of the passive section, while the active section is an elastic, transparent structure.

[0018] In summary, by dividing the shell side of the heat exchanger, the movement path of the heat transfer medium carbon dioxide can be effectively shortened during heat exchange, thereby effectively maintaining the temperature difference between water and carbon dioxide. Compared with existing technologies, this significantly improves heat exchange efficiency, allowing water to heat up faster and increasing the response speed of the heat pump unit. This effectively reduces the amount and time of cold water released before the water is heated, achieving energy savings and making it easier for users to operate. In addition, the variable gap plate allows for adjustment of the size of the divided chambers within the heat exchanger, adapting to different heat exchange requirements. Furthermore, with the inclusion of a gap monitoring unit, after the chambers are determined, the presence of gaps between the gap plate and the heat exchanger can be monitored, effectively ensuring the sealing between each chamber and making the heat exchange process more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main principle of the first embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2This is a perspective view of the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial front view of the heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a front view of the gap plate according to the first embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a side view of the first embodiment of this application when there is a gap between the gap plate and the inner wall of the heat exchanger.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a side view of the first embodiment of this application when there is no gap between the gap plate and the inner wall of the heat exchanger.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gap plate portion according to the second embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the end portions of the two adjusting strips according to the second embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a front view of the monitoring arm portion according to the second embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a side view of the second embodiment of this application when there is no gap between the gap plate and the inner wall of the heat exchanger.

[0030] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0031] 1 Compressor, 2 Heat exchanger, 3 Expansion valve, 4 Evaporator, 5 Water storage tank, 501 Insulation sleeve, 21 Cold water inlet, 22 Hot water outlet, 201 Hot air inlet, 202 Hot air outlet, 203 Main air outlet pipe, 61 Gap plate, 62 External control ring, 611 Limiting pipe plate, 612 Gap adjusting liner, 613 Gap adjusting sleeve, 601 Monitoring slot, 71 Side plate, 72 Baffle plate, 73 Heat exchange tube, 8 Double-arm monitoring strip, 81 Positioning plate, 82 Active section, 83 Passive section, 801 Gap-following moving rope, 9 Laser rangefinder. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The two embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] First implementation method: Figure 1The diagram illustrates a high-efficiency, energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit, comprising a controller and, electrically connected to the controller, a compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2, an expansion valve 3, a water storage tank 5, and an evaporator 4. Each of the compressor 1, heat exchanger 2, expansion valve 3, water storage tank 5, and evaporator 4 is connected to the other via pipes. The exhaust port of the evaporator 4 is also connected to the air inlet of the compressor 1 via a pipe. The hot water inlet of the heat exchanger 2 is connected to an external device. The water storage tank 5 is covered with an insulation sleeve 501. The air inlet of the expansion valve 3 is fixed to and communicates with the insulation sleeve 501. In operation, when the controller receives a start-up command, the compressor 1 starts, drawing in carbon dioxide from the evaporator 4 and compressing it into a high-temperature, high-pressure solution. The carbon dioxide, in its current state, is then introduced into heat exchanger 2, while cold water enters heat exchanger 2 simultaneously. This allows the high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide and cold water to exchange heat within heat exchanger 2. The water absorbs heat from the carbon dioxide, causing its temperature to rise, and is then discharged from the hot water outlet 22 of heat exchanger 2 to external equipment. Simultaneously, after cooling, some of the carbon dioxide gas liquefies, resulting in a gas-liquid mixture. This mixture still contains some heat, which can be introduced into the insulation jacket 501 outside the water storage tank 5, allowing the residual heat to be absorbed by the water in the water storage tank 5. This preheats the cold water in the water storage tank 5, effectively increasing its base temperature and allowing it to reach the target temperature faster during heat exchange.

[0034] The external devices can be faucets, shower heads, or other necessary equipment, and can be configured according to actual needs.

[0035] like Figure 2-3 The heat exchanger 2 has a cold water inlet 21 and a hot water outlet 22 fixedly connected to its left and right ends, respectively. Side plates 71 are fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the heat exchanger 2. Multiple evenly distributed heat exchange tubes 73 are fixedly inserted between the two side plates 71. Multiple baffles 72 are D-shaped structures, and the cross-section of each baffle 72 is larger than a semicircle. Figure 4The inner wall of heat exchanger 2 is also fixedly connected with multiple gap plates 61, which divide the shell side between the two side plates 71 into multiple chambers. Each chamber is provided with multiple baffles 72, which are staggered between adjacent baffles 72. The gap plates 61 and baffles 72 are fixedly penetrated by multiple heat exchange tubes 73. The upper end of compressor 1 is fixedly connected with multiple evenly distributed hot gas inlets 201, and the lower end of compressor 1 is fixedly connected with multiple evenly distributed hot gas outlets 202. The lower ends of multiple hot gas outlets 202 are fixedly connected to a common exhaust pipe 203. The outlet of the common exhaust pipe 203 is connected to the air inlet on the insulation jacket 501. The multiple hot gas inlets 201 are all connected to the outlet on the water storage tank 5. Solenoid valves are provided on the multiple hot gas inlets 201 and the multiple hot gas outlets 202. The solenoid valve is connected to the controller signal, allowing the controller to select the opening and closing states of multiple hot air inlets 201 and hot air outlets 202 according to actual needs. Along the direction of water flow, the span of multiple chambers increases, and the closer to the water source, the lower the water temperature. At this time, the span of the corresponding chamber decreases, so that the same amount of high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide entering the chamber only needs to exchange heat with a small amount of water. This prevents the temperature difference between water and carbon dioxide near the hot air outlet 202 from becoming too small. Compared with the existing technology where the temperature of the heat medium is lower closer to the heat medium outlet, this can effectively avoid the above situation, thereby maintaining a high temperature difference between water and heat medium, thus effectively ensuring heat exchange efficiency, accelerating water heating, and reducing the time and amount of cold water released when using the faucet, achieving the effect of saving resources.

[0036] Multiple external control rings 62 are also fixedly wrapped around the outer end of the heat exchanger 2. These external control rings 62 correspond to multiple gap plates 61 inside the heat exchanger 2, and are connected to the controller signal. Figure 5-6 The gap plate 61 includes a tube-limiting plate body 611 and gap-adjusting units fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the tube-limiting plate body 611. The gap-adjusting unit includes two gap-adjusting strips 612 fixedly connected to the arc edge of the tube-limiting plate body 611 and a gap-adjusting sleeve 613 wrapped around the end of the tube-limiting plate body 611. The end of the gap-adjusting sleeve 613 extends to the middle of the upper end of the tube-limiting plate body 611. The arc-shaped end face of the tube-limiting plate body 611 is completely attached to and fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2.

[0037] It is worth noting that the ends of the two adjusting strips 612 overlap each other when they are not under force, that is, the adjusting strips 612 are relatively long. When they are under force and deform and move towards the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2, they can drive the adjusting sleeve 613 to fully contact the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2. This makes it less likely that there will be a situation where the adjusting sleeve 613 is not in contact with the heat exchanger 2 and is not subject to the contact force of the adjusting strips 612, thereby effectively ensuring the stable separation of the two sides of the gap plate 61.

[0038] The adjusting sleeve 613 is made of flexible sealing material, and when the adjusting sleeve 613 is fully extended, the two adjusting sleeves 613 and the cross-section of the limiting plate 611 are assembled into a complete circle, such as... Figure 7 When it is necessary to fix the space inside the chamber, after the controller controls the outer control ring 62 to be energized, it can attract the adjusting strip 612, causing it to deform toward the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2, thereby supporting the adjusting sleeve 613 until it touches the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2. At this time, the adjusting sleeve 613 and the limiting plate 611 form a complete circle, which can make the left and right sides of the gap plate 61 relatively sealed, thus keeping the two chambers on both sides relatively independent. When it is necessary to expand the space of a single chamber, the controller can control the outer control ring 62 to be de-energized, thereby releasing the adjusting strip 612, thus causing the adjusting sleeve 613 to lose support and be in a relaxed state, thereby connecting the two chambers on both sides of the gap plate 61 and temporarily forming a chamber.

[0039] It is worth noting that the more internal chambers of heat exchanger 2 and the smaller each individual chamber is, the greater the overall heat exchange efficiency and the faster the water will heat up. In specific implementation, the power on and off of the corresponding external control ring 62 can be controlled according to actual needs to control the size of the chambers. When two or more adjacent chambers are merged into a connected chamber, the solenoid valves on the farthest hot air inlet 201 and hot air outlet 202 can be opened, while the remaining solenoid valves can be closed, so that a chamber has only one air inlet and one air outlet.

[0040] The width of the outer control ring 62 is not less than the width of the gap plate 61, and the part of the outer control ring 62 facing the straight end face of the tube limiting plate 611 is made of electromagnetic material, while the other parts of the tube limiting plate 611 are made of rigid shaping material. The adjusting strip 612 is made of elastic material, and multiple evenly distributed ferromagnetic sheets are fixedly embedded inside the adjusting strip 612, which effectively ensures that the heat exchanger 2 can attract the adjusting strip 612 after being energized, so that the adjusting sleeve 613 can be supported and approach the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2 and abut against it, thereby achieving independent sealing between the two chambers.

[0041] In the aforementioned high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit, by dividing the shell side inside the heat exchanger 2, the movement path of the heat medium carbon dioxide can be effectively shortened during heat exchange, thereby effectively maintaining the temperature difference between water and the heat medium carbon dioxide. Compared with existing technologies, this significantly improves heat exchange efficiency, allowing water to heat up faster and increasing the response speed of the heat pump unit. This effectively reduces the amount and time of cold water released before the water heats up, achieving energy-saving effects and making it more convenient for users. In addition, by setting the variable gap plate 61, the size of the divided chambers inside the heat exchanger 2 can be adjusted to adapt to heat exchange needs under different conditions.

[0042] The second implementation method is based on the first implementation method, with the addition of a gap monitoring unit, while the rest remains the same as the first implementation method.

[0043] like Figure 7 The ends of the two adjusting strips 612 are intersected and close to each other, so that when there is no magnetic attraction, the ends of the two moving ropes 801 are misaligned but do not affect each other, which facilitates the connection between the moving ropes 801 and the ends of the double-arm monitoring strips 8. Figure 8 As shown, a monitoring groove 601 is carved in the middle of the straight end face of the limiting plate 611. A gap monitoring unit is installed in the monitoring groove 601. The gap monitoring unit includes a double-arm monitoring strip 8 connected to the middle of the monitoring groove 601, two gap-following moving ropes 801 respectively connected between the two ends of the double-arm monitoring strip 8 and the end of the gap adjusting liner 612, and two laser rangefinders 9 respectively installed on the two opposite inner walls of the monitoring groove 601. The double-arm monitoring strip 8 is located between the two laser rangefinders 9. Figure 10 The dual-arm monitoring strip 8 includes a positioning plate 81 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle part of the monitoring groove 601 and monitoring arms fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the positioning plate 81 respectively. The monitoring arm includes an active section 82 fixedly connected to the positioning plate 81 and a passive section 83 fixedly connected to the end of the active section 82. The positioning plate 81 and the passive section 83 are both opaque rigid fixed structures, and the connection point between the gap-following moving rope 801 and the dual-arm monitoring strip 8 is located at the neck of the passive section 83. The active section 82 is an elastic transparent structure.

[0044] When maintaining the seal on both sides of the gap plate 61 is not required, i.e., when the chamber space is large, the heat exchanger 2 is not powered, and the adjusting liner 612 remains in its original state. Figure 8 At this time, the dual-arm monitoring strip 8 is horizontal, and the light emitted by the two laser rangefinders 9 is directed towards the opaque end of the dual-arm monitoring strip 8. At this time, its data is relatively small, and there is a large gap between the gap plate 61 and the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2, allowing the two chambers to communicate. Figure 11 When it is necessary to ensure the separation of the two chambers, the heat exchanger 2 is energized to attract the gap adjustment strip 612, causing it to move. This, in turn, lifts the ends of the double-arm monitoring strip 8 via the gap-following rope 801. As it gradually lifts, the data on the laser rangefinder 9 gradually increases. When the gap adjustment strip 612 comes into contact with the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2, the gap between the gap plate 61 and the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2 is eliminated. The bending amplitude at the active section 82 is large, and at the same time, the passive section 83 is lifted significantly. This allows the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder 9 to illuminate the active section 82 and reach the positioning plate 81 through the active section 82. At this point, the data reaches its maximum. During use, the controller can detect the gap between the gap plate 61 and the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2 based on the changes in the data on the laser rangefinder 9. This effectively ensures that any abnormalities in the heat exchange chamber can be clearly detected, thus ensuring the stable operation of the heat exchange process and maintaining the stable operation of the heat pump unit.

[0045] It is worth noting that the gap monitoring unit is only installed on the straight end of the tube sheet 611 facing upward, and not on the other side. In addition, to ensure stable monitoring, in this embodiment, the tube sheet 611 can be configured to only have the gap adjustment strip 612 and gap adjustment sleeve 613 on the top, and the downward edge can also be configured as an arc shape that fits against the inner wall of the heat exchanger 2.

[0046] In summary, by dividing the shell side of the heat exchanger 2, the movement path of the heat transfer medium carbon dioxide can be effectively shortened during heat exchange, thereby effectively maintaining a large temperature difference between water and the heat transfer medium carbon dioxide. Compared with existing technologies, this significantly improves heat exchange efficiency, allowing water to heat up faster. This effectively reduces the amount and time of cold water released before the water is heated, achieving energy savings and making it easier for users to operate. In addition, the variable gap plate 61 allows for adjustment of the size of the divided chambers within the heat exchanger 2 to adapt to different heat exchange requirements. Furthermore, with the inclusion of a gap monitoring unit, after the chambers are determined, the presence of gaps between the gap plate 61 and the heat exchanger 2 can be monitored, effectively ensuring the sealing between each chamber and making the heat exchange process more stable.

[0047] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments adopted in this application are not limited to these. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit, characterized in that: The system includes a controller and a compressor (1), a heat exchanger (2), an expansion valve (3), a water tank (5), and an evaporator (4) that are electrically connected to the controller. The compressor (1), heat exchanger (2), expansion valve (3), water tank (5), and evaporator (4) are connected to each other by pipes. The exhaust port of the evaporator (4) is also connected to the air inlet of the compressor (1) by a pipe. The water tank (5) is wrapped with an insulation sleeve (501). The air inlet of the expansion valve (3) is fixed to and connected to the insulation sleeve (501). The heat exchanger (2) is fixedly connected to a cold water inlet (21) and a hot water outlet (22) at its left and right ends, respectively. Side plates (71) are fixedly connected to the left and right inner walls of the heat exchanger (2). Multiple heat exchange tubes (73) are fixedly inserted between the two side plates (71). Multiple gap plates (61) are also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat exchanger (2). The multiple gap plates (61) divide the shell side between the two side plates (71) into multiple chambers. Multiple baffles (72) are provided in each chamber. The baffles (72) of adjacent two sides are staggered. The gap plates (61) and the baffles (72) are all correspondingly... Multiple heat exchange tubes (73) are fixedly connected through the compressor (1). Multiple evenly distributed hot gas inlets (201) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the compressor (1). Multiple evenly distributed hot gas outlets (202) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the compressor (1). The lower ends of the multiple hot gas outlets (202) are all fixedly connected to a main exhaust pipe (203). The outlet of the main exhaust pipe (203) is connected to the air inlet on the insulation jacket (501). The multiple hot gas inlets (201) are all connected to the outlet on the water storage tank (5). Solenoid valves are provided on the multiple hot gas inlets (201) and the multiple hot gas outlets (202). The solenoid valves are connected to the controller signal. The heat exchanger (2) is also fixedly wrapped with multiple external control rings (62), and the multiple external control rings (62) correspond to multiple gap plates (61) inside the heat exchanger (2), and the external control rings (62) are connected to the controller signal; The gap plate (61) includes a tube-limiting plate body (611) and adjustment units fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the tube-limiting plate body (611). The adjustment unit includes two adjustment strips (612) fixedly connected to the arc edge of the tube-limiting plate body (611) and an adjustment sleeve (613) wrapped around the end of the tube-limiting plate body (611). The end of the adjustment sleeve (613) extends to the middle of the upper end of the tube-limiting plate body (611). The arc-shaped end face of the tube-limiting plate body (611) is completely attached to and fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchanger (2). The adjustment sleeve (613) The gap adjustment sleeve (613) is made of flexible sealing material, and after the gap adjustment sleeve (613) is fully extended, the two gap adjustment sleeves (613) and the cross section of the limiting plate body (611) are spliced ​​together to form a complete circle. The width of the outer control ring (62) is not less than the width of the gap plate (61), and the part of the outer control ring (62) facing the straight end face of the limiting plate body (611) is made of electromagnetic material. The other parts of the limiting plate body (611) are made of rigid shaping material. The gap adjustment strip (612) is made of elastic material, and multiple uniformly distributed ferromagnetic sheets are fixedly embedded inside the gap adjustment strip (612).

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: All of the baffles (72) are D-shaped structures, and the cross-section of the baffles (72) is larger than a semicircle. Along the direction of water flow, the span of the multiple chambers becomes larger and larger.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the two adjusting strips (612) are intersected and close to each other. A monitoring groove (601) is carved in the middle of the straight end face of the limiting plate (611). A gap monitoring unit is provided in the monitoring groove (601). The gap monitoring unit includes a double-arm monitoring strip (8) connected in the middle of the monitoring groove (601), two gap-following ropes (801) respectively connected between the two ends of the double-arm monitoring strip (8) and the ends of the adjusting strips (612), and two laser rangefinders (9) respectively installed on the two inner walls opposite to each other in the monitoring groove (601). The double-arm monitoring strip (8) is located between the two laser rangefinders (9).

4. The high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dual-arm monitoring bar (8) includes a positioning plate (81) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle part of the monitoring groove (601) and monitoring arms fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the positioning plate (81) respectively. The monitoring arm includes an active section (82) fixedly connected to the positioning plate (81) and a passive section (83) fixedly connected to the end of the active section (82).

5. The high-efficiency and energy-saving carbon dioxide heat pump unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning plate (81) and the passive section (83) are both opaque rigid fixed structures, and the connection point between the gap moving rope (801) and the double-arm monitoring strip (8) is located at the neck of the passive section (83). The active section (82) is an elastic transparent structure.

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